Journal articles on the topic 'Householder case'
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Yang, Jia, Hideki Kato, Ryosuke Ando, and Yasuhide Nishihori. "Analyzing Household Vehicle Ownership in the Japanese Local City: Case Study in Toyota City." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (March 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7264860.
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This study aims to understand the crucial factors affecting vehicle ownership in the local city, Japan. 14,855 household sample data in Toyota City are used as the research sample. The sample data are extracted from the 5th Person Trip Survey data in the Chukyo region. First, the unknown annual income is complemented by using an ordered probit model. Then, a trivariate ordered probit model is utilized to analyze ownership of light motor vehicles, ordinary motor vehicles, and small trucks simultaneously. To estimate unknown parameters effectively and efficiently, one type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods called the Gibbs Sampler algorithm is applied in this study. The significant findings suggest the following: (1) the annual income only affects the ownership of ordinary motor vehicles; (2) a household with a 60-year-old or older householder is more likely to own small trucks, compared to that with a householder below the age of 60; (3) the population density negatively affects the number of light motor vehicles and that of small trucks; (4) there is a substitution effect of vehicle ownership between light motor vehicles and small trucks.
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McGinley, Orlaith, Paul Moran, and Jamie Goggins. "An Assessment of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of Energy Efficient Retrofits to Existing Residential Buildings." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010334.
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Quantifying the wider benefits of energy efficient building retrofits is crucial to incentivise householder retrofit investments. This research recognises the value of key performance indicators (KPIs) for assessing and demonstrating retrofitting benefits and provides an assessment of KPIs for evaluating retrofits. An integrated framework for evaluating retrofits using a set of economic, social, and environmental KPIs is proposed. This KPI framework is then applied in a pre- and post-retrofit assessment of five case study dwellings located in Ireland, revealing its usefulness in demonstrating the wider benefits of retrofitting to householders, with a view to driving retrofit investment. Three of these case study dwellings had state-of-the-art retrofit technologies installed as part of the works, including heat pumps and solar PV systems. In addition to demonstrating the wider benefits of retrofitting, the framework allowed for the identification of potential causes for differences in performance of these technologies across households, as well as patterns of underperformance. Such insights are useful for the future design of these technologies and retrofit packages, as well as policy measures, which support householders in the adoption and use of these measures. The results demonstrate that householders experience various benefits from retrofitting. Showcasing the different benefits that householders receive from retrofitting, and their satisfaction with the retrofit works, can serve to de-risk retrofit investments, and inspire others to seek similar benefits through retrofitting. Applying the developed framework to a larger, comparable sample size, can distinguish the retrofit packages, which perform best across the KPIs and various household profiles. Furthermore, the application of the developed framework can serve as an evidence base for retrofit designers, contractors, and policy makers in the design of retrofit packages and policy measures that will maximise the benefit for householders.
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Sarıoğlu Erdoğdu, Gülsün Pelin, and Özgül Burcu Özdemir Sari. "Householder Satisfaction in Apartment Block Neighborhoods: Case of Ankara, Turkey." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 144, no. 1 (March 2018): 04017022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000412.
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Mihăilescu, Vintilă. "From Cow to Cradle. Mutations and Meanings of Rural Household in Post-socialism." International Review of Social Research 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2011-0010.
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Abstract This article points at the path to modernization of the recent Romanian households, meaning, in this case, the out ruling of productive activities from the household’s space and time (Max Weber). A brief social history of the household (gospodărie) tries to trace back this longue durée process focusing on the shift in the work ethics from a normative model of the ‘good householder’ to an ‘aesthetisation of life’ (Max Weber) and symbolic emancipation. The main interest of the article concerns the relatively new phenomenon of ‘rustic houses’, which is less an architectural, than a lifestyle choice. Contrasted with the former ‘pride houses’ that spread all over the Romanian villages in the last decade, the peasant rustic taste seems to express a kind of return to the local and the past articulated with a modern concern for comfort and appearance: ‘rustic is traditional and modern in the same time!’ – claimed one of our informants. Rusticity thus becomes a (post)modern simulacrum of genuine peasant life. The final part of the article tries to transcend this mere semantic overview in search of its deeper and subjective motivations. In doing so, the article is approaching these recent rural households in the terms of Axel Honneth’s social recognition theory. It also suggests that, in this respect, the rustic taste expresses an existential search for authenticity.
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Yalouz, Saad, Sajanthan Sekaran, Emmanuel Fromager, and Matthieu Saubanère. "Quantum embedding of multi-orbital fragments using the block-Householder transformation." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 21 (December 7, 2022): 214112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125683.
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Recently, some of the authors introduced the use of the Householder transformation as a simple and intuitive method for embedding local molecular fragments [see Sekaran et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 035121 (2021) and Sekaran et al., Computation 10, 45 (2022)]. In this work, we present an extension of this approach to the more general case of multi-orbital fragments using the block version of the Householder transformation applied to the one-body reduced density matrix, unlocking the applicability to general quantum chemistry/condensed matter physics Hamiltonians. A step-by-step construction of the block Householder transformation is presented. Both physical and numerical areas of interest of the approach are highlighted. The specific mean-field (noninteracting) case is thoroughly detailed as it is shown that the embedding of a given N spin–orbital fragment leads to the generation of two separated sub-systems: (1) a 2 N spin–orbitals “fragment+bath” cluster that exactly contains N electrons and (2) a remaining cluster’s “environment” described by so-called core electrons. We illustrate the use of this transformation in different cases of embedding scheme for practical applications. We particularly focus on the extension of the previously introduced Local Potential Functional Embedding Theory and Householder-transformed Density Matrix Functional Embedding Theory to the case of multi-orbital fragments. These calculations are realized on different types of systems, such as model Hamiltonians (Hubbard rings) and ab initio molecular systems (hydrogen rings).
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Dobinson, Ian, and Edward Elliott. "A Householder's Right to Kill or Injure an Intruder under the Crime and Courts Act 2013: An Australian Comparison." Journal of Criminal Law 78, no. 1 (February 2014): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.1.894.
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Section 43 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013 has amended s. 76 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 such that a person may be acquitted in a case of self-defence in his or her own home where he or she uses disproportionate, but not grossly disproportionate, force against an intruder. This extends to circumstances where a householder intentionally kills such an intruder. This amendment, a result of Conservative Party policy, appears to be based on populist appeal and a response to certain high-profile cases. By comparison, Australian home invasion legislation imposes limitations on the rights of a householder to kill in circumstances such as a home invasion. In addition, a number of Australian jurisdictions provide for a partial defence of excessive self-defence. Section 43 provides only that the disproportionate force used by a householder be reasonable in the circumstances as the householder believed them to be. Further to this, the amendments are vague, ambiguous and likely to create significant uncertainty.
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Thomas, Mark P. "Defenceless Castles." Journal of Criminal Law 80, no. 6 (December 2016): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018316675543.
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On 16 January 2016, the Divisional Court gave judgment in the case of Collins. In the judgment, Sir Brian Leveson P provided an authoritative statement as to the meaning of ‘grossly disproportionate’ within the law of self-defence for householders. First introduced in 2013, clarity on the meaning of the phrase has been long awaited by both the academic and the practitioner. The court’s interpretation of the phrase has disturbed the understanding of many and will cause many editions of upcoming criminal law textbooks to be rewritten on this point. This paper will examine whether the Divisional Court was correct in its interpretation by attempting to find the true intention of Parliament in drafting the legislation. The paper will also examine how the householder defences operates in modern practice and its suitability to the law of self-defence.
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Malvetti, Emanuel, Raban Iten, and Roger Colbeck. "Quantum Circuits for Sparse Isometries." Quantum 5 (March 15, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-15-412.
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We consider the task of breaking down a quantum computation given as an isometry into C-NOTs and single-qubit gates, while keeping the number of C-NOT gates small. Although several decompositions are known for general isometries, here we focus on a method based on Householder reflections that adapts well in the case of sparse isometries. We show how to use this method to decompose an arbitrary isometry before illustrating that the method can lead to significant improvements in the case of sparse isometries. We also discuss the classical complexity of this method and illustrate its effectiveness in the case of sparse state preparation by applying it to randomly chosen sparse states.
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Correia, Antonia, and Pedro Pintassilgo. "The Golf Players' Motivations: The Algarve Case." Tourism and Hospitality Research 6, no. 3 (May 2006): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050014.
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The purpose of this article is to investigate the motivations behind golf demand in the Algarve — one of Europe's most popular golf destinations. The research is based on the results of a survey on the golf demand of Algarve's golf courses, held in 2002. In order to identify the main motives behind golf demand in the region, a principal components analysis was performed. Four main choice factors were identified to explain the selection of Algarve's golf courses. The first was designated social environment and is associated with motives such as events and beaches. The second, leisure, is related to restaurants and bars, landscape, weather and accommodation. The third, entitled golf, is directly related to characteristics of courses. The fourth, logistics, is associated with variables such as price and accessibility. It is also found, through a cluster analysis that the choice factors can be associated with three market segments: the tourist golfer, who is mostly concerned with the golf courses and the game; the householder golfer, essentially centred on accommodation, gastronomy, landscape, weather, price and accessibility; and finally, the sun-beach tourist, who is mostly interested in tourist opportunities.
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Majumder, Sacchidanand, and Soma Chowdhury Biswas. "Health and Socio-economic Implications of Poverty in Bangladesh." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 29 (October 31, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p301.
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The objective of this study was to explore the influences of the health and socio-economic factors associated with the poverty level of households in Bangladesh, through an analysis of data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). A total of all 12,240 households was considered in this study. CBN method was applied for estimating poverty of the household. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors that influence the household’s poverty. The results showed that the probability of the household being poor was higher when the household’s head suffered from various chronic diseases like chronic fever, injuries/disability, eczema, leprosy, and asthma/breathing trouble as compared to the household whose head didn’t suffer from any chronic diseases. From the analysis, it was also found that when a large number within household suffered from any chronic disease, the probability of the household being poor was increased. The household that had no access to health care was poorer than the household that had access to health care. The results also showed that with increased investment in health, the probability of the household being poor was decreased. The results showed that rural households were poorer than urban households. Monthly income, land ownership, construction materials of walls and roofs, types of the latrine, source of drinking water, household size; age, sex, and employment status of the household’s head all had a significant impact on the poverty level of the household.
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Iafrati, Steve. "Displaced and vulnerable: a case study of “out of area” housing." Housing, Care and Support 23, no. 3/4 (September 18, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hcs-05-2020-0005.
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Purpose The purpose of study is to explore how structural problems within housing supply and the marketisation of housing for the poorest and most vulnerable households affect households and can lead to negative outcomes for some households. The research highlights the experiences of out of area (OOA) households that can be below the radar in debates regarding housing crisis. Design/methodology/approach The research features a case study approach focusing on the experiences of a single household, which is supplemented with an interview with the household’s local authority housing manager. Additionally, freedom of information data is used to analyse the local authority placing the household OOA. The case study is transferable and the additional evidence validates the household’s experiences. Findings The research finds that OOA housing can be disruptive for households and negatively affect well-being as well as facilitate social cleansing. The case study, while examining the lived experience of OOA housing, also recognises structural causes of the housing crisis within neoliberal housing policy. Furthermore, the case study recognises the positions of local authorities placing households OOA and receiving these households. Originality/value The research is original in using a case study to explore OOA housing. OOA housing is an under-researched area where households are not homeless but are housed in a manner detrimental to their well-being. The case study brings together interviews and freedom of information data to highlight findings currently missing in housing research.
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Hendra, Hendra, Achmad Ridwan, and Agung Dharmawan Buchdadi. "Characteristics of an Excellent Buddhist Sermon: A Foundation for Competency Framework Development of a Sermon Training in Indonesia." Philippine Social Science Journal 5, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v5i2.499.
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Preaching is the most common and widely-used method in conveying a religious message, including the teaching of the Buddha in Indonesia. However, surprisingly, there is no standard to assess a Buddhist sermon's quality. Thus, this study examines the characteristics of excellent Buddhist sermons among Buddhist householder priests (Pandita) in Indonesia. Specifically, it further investigates the discourse of a standard of an excellent Buddhist sermon in the context of Pandita. This qualitative research employed a single-case-study method that connects the analysis of documentation studies, observations, and in-depth interviews. The findings exhibited three key dimensions and indicators through which a Pandita is expected to employ in their duties related to Buddhist sermon, namely, bringing benefits, skillful delivery, and quality of the content. The findings may benefit future research on the competency framework of sermon training in Indonesia for Panditas.
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Diansari, Pipi, and Teruaki Nanseki. "Perceived food security status – a case study of households in North Luwu, Indonesia." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-01-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the socioeconomic impact on perceived household food security in the North Luwu District of South Sulawesi Province in the eastern part of Indonesia. In Indonesia, 87 million people are presently vulnerable to food insecurity. Thus, the United Nations Development Programme’s primary millennium development goal for Indonesia is to halve the number of people who suffer from hunger by 2015. It is clear that food security at the household level is crucial to achieving this target. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 371 household heads were interviewed. The households’ perceptions of their food security status were captured by asking the household head the following question: “How do you perceive your household’s food security status during the last month”? Respondents could select from the following options: insecure, somewhat insecure, somewhat secure, secure and highly secure. Here, the household head’s answer is regarded as the household’s subjective food security status (SFSS). We then applied descriptive analysis and an ordered logit model to determine the socioeconomic factors that influence SFSS. Findings – As expected, in both analyses, household income and formal level of education have a strong relationship to SFSS. However, this study finds that food nutrition knowledge also shows a significant role in enhancing the probability that household SFSS will be in a better food security category. This could be a breakthrough in improving household food security status given the lack of formal education. Practical implications – Neighborhood resource-based food preparation counseling programs are essential. Existing food programs for Indonesian households should be reoriented and incorporated into the non-formal educational curriculum and should be carried out at the family level or in small groups to ensure that the message of the program is delivered effectively. In the short term, for non-farm households, the government should provide targeted households with crash programs such as revolving funds for household-level business activities. For farm households, ensuring that farming infrastructures, facilities and technologies are adequate and affordable is crucial to sustaining their production process. Originality/value – This is the first study to investigate the perceptions of household heads on their food security status in Indonesia. Most prior studies on household food security in Indonesia were conducted in response to Indonesia’s 1997 economic crisis and focused predominantly on Java, in the western part of Indonesia; there is little existing research on the eastern part of Indonesia. Moreover, this study is the first to emphasize the significant role of food nutrition knowledge in increasing the probability of household heads’ perceptions on their food security status being in a better category.
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Hoogeveen, Hans, and Remco Oostendorp. "On the use of cost-benefit analysis for the evaluation of farm household investments in natural resource conservation." Environment and Development Economics 8, no. 2 (April 23, 2003): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0300172.
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Farm households in developing countries are generally credit constrained. This forces them to simultaneously take production and consumption decisions. In this paper, a two-period lifecycle model of the farm household is constructed and the household's investment response to changes in land and agricultural output prices are derived theoretically. It is shown that in the absence of credit markets household responses to exogenous price changes may differ from the predictions of cost–benefit analysis. Farm household responses are also derived for the case where price increases for land and agricultural output are accompanied by the introduction of a credit market. For this case the results show that farm household reactions are in accordance with predictions made by cost–benefit analysis. An empirical case study from Bénin underscores the relevance of considering access to credit in establishing whether investments in soil conservation are beneficial to farm households.
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Cheng, Xueyan, and Liang Zhang. "Health Service Needs from a Household Perspective: An Empirical Study in Rural Empty Nest Families in Sinan and Dangyang, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020628.
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This study aimed to explore the health service needs of empty nest families from a household perspective. A multistage random sampling strategy was conducted to select 1606 individuals in 803 empty nest households in this study. A questionnaire was used to ask each individual about their health service needs in each household. The consistency rate was calculated based on their consistent answers to the questionnaire. We used a collective household model to analyze individuals’ public health service needs on the family level. According to the results, individuals’ consistency rates of health service needs in empty nest households, such as diagnosis and treatment service (H1), chronic disease management service (H2), telemedicine care (H3), physical examination service (H4), health education service (H5), mental healthcare (H6), and traditional Chinese medicine service (H7) were 40.30%, 89.13%, 98.85%, 58.93%, 57.95%, 72.84%, and 63.40%, respectively. Therefore, family-level health service needs could be studied from a family level. Health service needs of H1, H3, H4, H5, and H7 for individuals in empty nest households have significant correlations with each other (r = 0.404, 0.177, 0.286, 0.265, 0.220, p < 0.001). This will be helpful for health management in primary care in rural China; the concordance will alleviate the pressure of primary care and increase the effectiveness of doctor–patient communication. Health service needs in empty nest households who took individuals’ public needs as household needs (n = 746) included the H4 (43.3%) and H5 (24.9%) and were always with a male householder (94.0%) or at least one had chronic diseases (82.4%). Health service needs in empty nest households that considered one member’s needs as household needs (n = 46) included the H1 (56.5%), H4 (65.2%), H5 (63.0%), and H7 (45.7%), and the member would be the householder of the family (90.5%) or had a disease within two weeks (100.0%). In conclusion, family members’ roles and health status play an important role in health service needs in empty nest households. Additionally, physical examination and health education services are the two health services that are most needed by empty nest households, and are suitable for delivering within a household unit.
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Thanakijborisut, Yuthapoom. "CONSUMPTION VC THE HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SHOCKS: THE CASE OF THAILAND." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 1(14) (January 30, 2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.1(14).2019.41-50.
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This paper studies consumption insurance against the health and environmental shocks (HES) in Thailand. The paper estimates the impact of household consumption from the change in the health and environmental shocks on total consumption growth and food consumption growth. The HES are measured by the change in health status when at least one of member within the household treated at the service providers as an inpatient. The inpatient is the health care cost of an individual or household’s decision in seeking medical care that causes and effects of the household’s ability to smooth consumption. This paper uses the data from the Household Social-Economic Panel Survey during 2005 and 2007. The survey collected data on demographic characteristics by the interview from 6,000 households, approximately, from every province, both inside and outside municipal areas in Thailand. The study estimates the change of consumption by using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. The results show that the members within the household changing as inpatient would reduce around 4 percent on total consumption and 6 percent on food consumption, respectively. These results compared to the consumption insurance in the US that consumption drops around 14 percent when at least one household member gets sick. It implies that Thailand has much better consumption insurance. This case indicates that consumption insurance in Thailand is quite sufficient against HES. For the case of Thailand, the well-insured consumption against HES may lead to decrease the spending in public health insurance.
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Hodkinson, Peter W., Jennifer Lee Pigoga, and Lee Wallis. "Emergency healthcare needs in the Lavender Hill suburb of Cape Town, South Africa: a cross-sectional, community-based household survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e033643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033643.
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ObjectiveEmergency care is a key component of healthcare systems, but little is known about its real impact on communities. This study evaluated access, utilisation and barriers to healthcare, and specifically emergency care, in the low socioeconomic Cape Town suburb of Lavender Hill.DesignA cross-sectional, community-based household survey.SettingLavender Hill suburb in the Cape Flats of Cape Town, South Africa.ParticipantsTwo-stage cluster sampling was used to identify approximately 13 households in each of 46 clusters, for a total of 608 households. A senior householder responded on behalf of each household surveyed.Primary outcome measuresAccess to, utilisation of and unmet needs related to healthcare at large and emergency care.ResultsIn August 2018, 608 households were surveyed, encompassing 2754 individuals, with a response rate of 96.4%. Almost a quarter of respondents (n=663, 24.1%) used the healthcare system within the last year. Female gender, advancing age, lower levels of education, recipients of disability grants, smaller household sizes and living in formal dwellings were factors associated with increased risk of unmet healthcare and emergency care needs. Only a small proportion of respondents (n=39, 1.4%) reported having unmet emergency healthcare needs, with wait times at facilities (n=9, 23.1%), emergency medical service delays (n=7, 17.9%) and personal safety (n=6, 15.4%) being prominent. There was a high prevalence of chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemias) and recent deaths predominantly from trauma and malignancy.ConclusionThe emergency healthcare needs of the community appear to be well catered for, although community expectations may not be high and many barriers exist, particularly in accessing emergency care—be it via ambulance services or at healthcare facilities—and caring for chronic diseases in the ageing population. The Lavender Hill community could benefit from programmes addressing chronic disease management and emergency care delivery within the community.
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Tang, Minfeng, and Fang Wang. "Analysis on the Willingness of Peasant Households for Forestland Use Right Transfer in the Background of Collective Forest Tenure Reform: A Case Study in Guangyuan City in Sichuan Province." Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2012): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p76.
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<p>The objective of this study is to get a better understanding and accurate information regarding factors affecting the forestland transfer, providing first-hand information, and proposing policy implications. The forestland use transfer is the main content in the collective forest tenure reform in China at present. Individual household, as a basic unit of forest production, should be the major participant in the forestland transfer. Using survey data of 329 rural household in 18 villages of three counties, this paper analyzes influencing factors on rural householders’ willingness to partake in forestland use right transfer by employing Binary Logit Regression. Nineteen variables, which were identified as characteristics of householders and households, natural endowment of forestland resources and householders’s awareness of forestland policy. Results indicate that householders’ awareness of pertinent policies and population of the household demonstrate significantly positive effects, while forestland area owned by individual household shows a markedly negative effect on peasants’ willingness to participate in forestland transfer. Some policy implications are discussed in this paper.</p>
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Christine, Christine, Fellysca Veronica Margareth Politon, and Fahmi Hafid. "Sanitasi rumah dan stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Labuan Kabupaten Donggala." AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal 7, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v7i2.536.
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Poor home sanitation can increase the risk of stunting in children. The study aims to analyze the risk factors for stunting based on house conditions, sanitation facilities, and occupant behavior. Observational research using a case-control study design was carried out in September–December 2020. The sample size was 60 toddlers (30 cases and 30 controls) taken randomly by simple arithmetic. Case samples are stunted toddlers based on e-PPGBM data. The control sample is a typical toddler who is the closest neighbor to the case with age equivalence. Respondents were mothers of toddlers. Data on the physical condition of the house and sanitation facilities were obtained through direct observation, while data on the behavior of the house occupants were obtained through interviews. Data processing was carried out by cleaning and editing, coding for categorical variables, entry and data processing. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and odds ratio at 95% CI. The house's physical condition (p= 0,058; OR= 8,83) and the behavior of the householder in managing sanitation are risk factors for stunting (p= 0,002; OR= 6,91). In conclusion, toddlers who live in houses with physical conditions that do not meet health requirements are at risk of experiencing stunting 8,83 times. Residents of houses whose behavior does not meet sanitation requirements risk 6,91 times experiencing stunting in toddlers.
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Herzberg, Ronja, Thomas G. Schmidt, and Felicitas Schneider. "Characteristics and Determinants of Domestic Food Waste: A Representative Diary Study across Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114702.
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As it is the case in many industrialized countries, household food waste accounts for a large share of total food waste in Germany. Within this study, the characteristics of edible and inedible domestic food waste, the reasons for discarding food and the potential influence of socio-demographic factors on food waste generation are assessed. A data set of 6853 households who participated in a diary study in 2016 and 2017 was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics, parametric tests, and linear regression. The results indicate that perishable products such as vegetables, fruits, and bread are mainly affected by disposal. Moreover, household food waste occurs due to quantity problems at purchase for small households and quantity problems at home for larger households and households with children. Despite statistically significant differences in food waste amounts between household lifecycle stages, age of the head of household, household size, and size category of the municipality, socio-demographic factors have a limited power in predicting a household’s food waste level. The study has important implications for food waste policy and research regarding the issues of food waste prevention measures, quantification methodologies, and monitoring implementation.
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Yang, Li Xia. "A Logit Model Based Study on the Influencing Factors on Farm Household’s Adoption of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilizing Technology: A Case of Four Towns." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.985.
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Based on the survey data collected from 208 farm households of Zhili, Balidian, Huanzhu and Baique, 4 towns of Wuxing district of Huzhou city in Taihu Basin, this paper quantitatively analyzed the influencing factors on farm household’s adoption behavior of soil testing and formula fertilizing technology (STFFT) by using Logit Model. The results showed: (1) The significant favorable influencing factors are household head’s education level, is he/she a farmer cooperative member, has he/she been trained (technically), Has he/she received instructive card of STFFT, and whether or not the household is the STFFT demonstration household; (2) While the high ratio of non-farm income level has a significant negative effect; (3) The household head’s age and multi-operation behavior, farm land scale, and fragmentation of land plots have not significant affection. Based these analysis some related incentive policies about the households’ adoption of STFFT were put forward.
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Sutanto, Wiliyanti, Mayumi Sakaguchi, Eka Rastiyanto Amrullah, Aris Rusyiana, and Akira Ishida. "Accurate targeting in the Indonesian RASKIN program." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 11 (October 6, 2020): 1363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2020-0124.
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PurposeUsing nationally representative data, this study estimated the probability of a household receiving RASKIN rice in general as well as the rate of excluding poor households and including nonpoor households in relation to the targeting accuracy of the RASKIN program.Design/methodology/approachThe data came from the National Socioeconomic Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in March 2015. Several independent variables were included, such as the head of household's age, gender and marital status, in addition to highest educational level among family members, household size, economic status, regional district and residential classification.FindingsThe results showed that a household's probability of receiving RASKIN rice increases if the head of household is older, female and a widower, and the household has more human capital accumulation, more family members, lower economic status and is in a rural area and/or Java and Nusa Tenggara. The estimated probabilities of poor households excluded from the RASKIN program and nonpoor households included are 44.8 and 35.1%, respectively, suggesting mistargeting occurred where eligible recipients were undercovered, and revealed the loss of funds to ineligible households.Originality/valueThe present study focused on the program's targeting accuracy while at the same time keeping in mind the social and geographical conditions in Indonesia. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, little to no such research has been conducted.
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Supariasa, I. Dewa Nyoman, Ibnu Fajar, Khairuddin Khairuddin, and Rany Adelina. "Analyzing Nutritional Factors that Affect Toddler’s Stunting in Malang Regency, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, E (January 2, 2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.10199.
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BACKGROUND: The proportion of short and very short toddlers in Indonesia is 30.8%. East Java is among the 18 provinces with high prevalence (30%–<40%), having made Malang Regency included among the 100 regencies/cities prioritized for intervention. AIM: This study aimed to analyze sociodemographic and nutritional factors affecting toddler’s stunting in Malang Regency, Indonesia. DESIGN AND METHODS: A case–control analytic survey research with retrospective approach was used: An epidemiologic observation design to study the effect of exposures to diseases or other health problems occurrences. The investigation was conducted during July to August time period through observation, weight measurement and interview in order to collect the data about mother’s knowledge, childcare practices, household food security, healthcare services, access to clean water, economic and socio-cultural background, parenting practices, and causes of stunting. The data were processed using SPSS 16.0, bivariate analysis (Chi-square), and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression testing with odds ratio and confidence interval calculation. RESULTS: Parenting practices of the toddlers were not ideal, with only 60% of mothers had good knowledge about stunting. About 76% of the stunted toddlers’ households had insecure food availability and security. Up to 98% of the mothers with stunted toddlers received blood-boosting tablets during pregnancy from health-care services; however, interview results disclosed that they were not consumed. As many as, 98% of the households got access to clean water from Malang Municipal Waterworks and 2% from closed well. A total of 96% of the households made income fewer than Malang Regency’s minimum wage. The stunted toddlers’ households who had eating restrictions during pregnancy and breastfeeding were 13%. Most stunted toddlers as many as 76% were taken care of by their biological mothers, while the remaining 24% by grandmothers or other relatives. Thus, the causes of stunting from the most to the least dominant were as follows: Household’s income, exclusive breastfeeding, household size, father’s education, mother’s nutritional knowledge, household’s food security, mother’s level of education, toddler’s energy intake, appropriate feedings of weaning food, toddler’s fat intake, toddler’s history of infectious diseases, sociocultural background, toddler’s protein intake, mother’s occupation, household’s nutritional awareness behavior, and the completeness of immunization. CONCLUSION: Stunting main risk factors are household income, size, history of breastfeeding, father’s education and occupation. Factors which are not significantly related to stunting include household nutritional awareness and behavior, hygiene, socio-economic status, energy and micronutrients intake, toddler’s food and vitamin A compliment, toddler’s status and characteristics, and maternal health services.
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Girik-Allo, Albertus, Yuyun Puji Rahayu, and Ni Made Sukartini. "Impacts of in-kind transfer to household’s budget proportion: Evidence from early reformation in Indonesia." Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura 19, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v19i2.499.
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The program distributing rice for reducing poverty for poor household (also known as Raskin) is one of social safety net programs in Indonesian’s government with its subsidized rice to the poor. The purpose of this program is to lessen the financial burden of the targeted households and increase food sustainability at the household level. This paper’s aim is to investigate how the effect of in-kind transfer towards the Raskin program over the household’s budgets proportion. This study used Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data wave 3 (2000) and wave 4 (2007), with the households level as unit analysis. Estimation strategy is applying regression with data panel in fixed effect model (FEM) and instrumental variable (IV). The result shows that the in-kind transfer program is not work for lessening the household’s burden, but in fact has increased the household expenditure, particularly for buying some food. It was found that during the program implementation, there was a significant increase in informal labor wages in Indonesia. Therefore, for typical household who experiencing higher wage income relatives to rice expenditure, will result in total budgets for rice will also increase significantly. In this case, we could conclude that rice is still being normal goods for Indonesia..
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Jirakiattikul, Sopin, Tran Thi Lan, and Kuaanan Techato. "Advancing Households’ Sustainable Energy through Gender Attitudes towards Rooftop PV Installations: A Case of the Central Highlands, Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020942.
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The report shows that there was no disparity between males and females in their attitude to rooftop solar electricity systems (rooftop PV) installations. Government motivation is the key factor that affects householders’ attitudes to rooftop PV. Three other factors—households’ perception, education and environment mentioning—were also crucial for the research model. Meanwhile, six factors had no significant effect on the dependent variables—these consisted of age, gender, rooftop material, level of electricity consumption, income per family member and household innovativeness.
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Rahmi, Radita Dwi, Ken Suratiyah, and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo. "FARMERS HOUSEHOLD’S FOOD SECURITY IN THE DISTRICT OF PONJONG, GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCY." Agro Ekonomi 24, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.17219.
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The aims of this research are (1) to find out farmers household’s food expenditure (2) to analyze the food security level of farmers household (3) to know they factors that influence the food security of farmers household. The basic method of this research is descriptive analysis. The respondents were determined purposively, there were 30 respomdents who came from farmer family having rice farming, corn farming, soybean farming, cassava farming, and peanuts farming in Ponjong Sub District. Analysis of the data was conducted by determining the level of food security viewed from the share of food expenditure, the method of Johnson and Toole, the indicators of food security index ad the food insecurity. Whereas, Ordinat Least Sugar method was carried out to determine the factors that influence farmers household’s food. The result show that (1) the average of farmers household’s food expenditure are about Rp 13.090.728, with the average share of food expenditure by 65,20% (2) the level of farmers households food security is observed by the food security index indicator are classified as food secure, and do not have experience in food insecurity. While it is according ro Johnson and Toole’s method the farmers households’ are classified as food insecure (3) income households can increase food security, while the family size, cooking oil price, and tempe price are likely to reduce the level of farmers household’s food security the Ponjong district.
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Moyehodie, Yikeber Abebaw, Setegn Muche Fenta, Solomon Sisay Mulugeta, Setegn Bayabil Agegn, Embet Yismaw, Hailegebrael Birhan Biresaw, Mitiku Wale Muluneh, Bezanesh Melese Masresha, and Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw. "Factors Associated With Community Based Health Insurance Healthcare Service Utilization of Households in South Gondar Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Health Services Insights 15 (January 2022): 117863292210960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786329221096065.
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In Ethiopia, community-based health insurance was implemented to promote equitable access to sustainable quality health care and increase financial protection. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with community-based Health Insurance, Health Care Service Utilization of Households in the South Gondar Zone. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed. Data were collected among 619 randomly selected households in the south Gondar zone. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses with a P-Value of less than .05 were used to determine the association. Out of the total households, 511(82.6%) were using the CBHI scheme for health care service utilization. Residence, marital status, education level, occupation status, family size, presence of under-five children in the household, presence of elders in the households, nearest health institution, presence of chronic illness in the household’s, time taken to reach health institution, an attitude of a household were the determinant factors of community-based health insurance scheme health care service utilization of households. It is recommended that the local, regional and national governments, policymakers on optimal actions, NGOs, and other supporting organizations shall improve or scale-up the scheme by providing awareness to the community based on these significant factors and the attitude of households.
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Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, Shri Dewi Applanaidu, and Rabiul Islam. "An analysis of household cooking fuel choice: a case of Bauchi State, Nigeria." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2016-0007.
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Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to assess the factors that influence households’ choice of cooking fuel in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach In total, 750 samples were selected using multistage area cluster sampling, of which 539 responses were analysed. Multinomial logit model was used to estimate the factors that determine a household’s main cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Findings The result has shown that income, location, price of firewood, hours of electricity supply and home ownership are among the factors that have a significant impact on influencing the type of cooking fuel to be adopted by households. Research limitations/implications The study cannot offer any explanation about the influence of time dimension on the pattern of household cooking fuel choice in the study area. Practical implications Implementation of policies to increase the income of households, ensuring the availability of clean cooking fuel source and the increase in the price of firewood will encourage households to switch from using firewood to using cleaner fuel sources such as kerosene, electricity and gas. Originality/value This study has contributed to the existing literature on household energy choice by conducting a micro-level analysis of households’ cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State where a similar study has not been conducted. The study developed approximately 13 hypotheses (out of which two were found to be irrelevant) and added one new variable to test the impact of the neighbourhood’s source of cooking fuel on households’ cooking fuel choice.
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Aguirre, Julio. "The Impact of Rural Electrification on Education: A Case Study from Peru." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2017.v22.i1.a5.
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This study examines the indirect impact of rural electrification on education. It finds that the greater the likelihood of a household being connected to the electricity grid, the more time the household’s children are likely to spend studying at home. This finding is interpreted as indirect evidence of an improvement in levels of schooling. Using instrumental variables to overcome endogeneity problems, the study’s LATE estimates reveal that providing households with access to electricity leads to children studying an extra 94 - 137 minutes at home per day, on average.
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Dassanayake, Wijaya, Sandeep Mohapatra, Martin K. Luckert, and Wiktor Adamowicz. "Households' responses to climate change: contingent behavior evidence from rural South Africa." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 1 (October 24, 2017): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x17000328.
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AbstractWe investigate households' decisions regarding livelihood activities in response to future climate change in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. We use the contingent behavior method and account for unobserved heterogeneity in order to overcome problems associated with limited data, collinearity and endogeneity. We characterize the climate change with two types of climate change scenarios: dry-spells and wet-spells. Results show that moderate and extreme increases in dry-spells increase adoption of off-farm activities such as casual labor and small business, and decrease adoption of on-farm activities such as gardening. We find opposite cases for mild or moderate wet-spells. Our results also show that households tend to diversify their livelihood portfolios in response to a moderate increase in dry-spells and a mild increase in wet-spells. Some household characteristics are also important in influencing some types of activities, including household's health status, gender of the household head, and household's prior experience.
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Linh, N. T., N. T. K. Dong, and N. V. Thu. "A survey of Muscovy duck production in rural areas of Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 47, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.47.2.138-145.
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In case of livestock development in the rural areas of Tra Vinh province of Vietnam, Muscovy duck breeds are diversified by importing and breeding, which is more valuable for social and economic benefits. A total of 7,921 Muscovy ducks were observed to collect data for this survey to identify the current status of its production, feeding, and performance. Farmers, who owned at least 30 ducks, were interviewed to analyze data ownership, feeding, and growth performance of three breeds relating to the Muscovy including local Muscovy ducks (LMDs), France Muscovy duck (FMDs), and Crossbred Muscovy ducks (CMDs). The findings indicated that most farmers kept a small duck herd of fewer than 100 heads per householder, and the majority of Muscovy duck was LMDs. Farmers fed them local feed resources, with low nutritive diets (CP: 7.35 – 12.0 % and ME: 11.44 - 11.83 MJ/kg DM). A small number of farmers used a concentrate feed (CP: 16.5-19.3; ME: 11.96-12.69 MJ/kg DM) for supple-mentation with the daily weight gain was 16.7 g for LMDs and 22.7 g for CMDs, whilw the FMDs was fed a better quality of concentrate and gave the daily gain of 25.7 g.
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Kwon, Joon-Sung. "A Study on the Influence of Social Structural Factors on Crime Phenomena: Application of panel regression analysis using panel data by city and province." Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.3.1.
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As crime began to be viewed as a social structural problem, away from the perspective of limited in individual propensity, criminology of perspective began to develop to prevent crime at the social level. In the case of these social structural characteristics, they change according to time and environment, and the influencing factors disappear or are newly revealed, so research needs to be continuously conducted according to the temporal and spatial flow. Despite the characteristics of social phenomena that require simultaneous consideration of spatio-temporal characteristics, domestic crime research tends to focus on spatial characteristics. Of course, in recent years, a method of explaining a crime phenomenon by simultaneously considering spatio-temporal characteristics has been attempted, but it is still insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of social disintegration factors on crime occurrence by securing data related to the social structure of the KOSIS and data on crime statistics of the National Police Agency from 2015 to 2020. Furthermore, juvenile crimes often show different influencing factors from adult crimes due to their timing characteristics, so we tried to examine their characteristics compared to all crimes.
As a result of the study, it was confirmed that housing instability, ethnic heterogeneity, and female householder ratio in Korea affect crime, and in the case of juvenile crime, there was no effect of social dissolution factors, and the ratio of row/multi-family houses had a significant effect.
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Ahvenniemi, Hannele, and Tarja Häkkinen. "Households’ potential to decrease their environmental impacts." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the potential levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) and cost savings from a set of households’ energy saving measures, considered as “everyday choices”. Design/methodology/approach Four areas of living were selected for the study: household electricity, space heating, transport and food consumption. The study used a quantitative research approach in which the impact of selected scenarios of an average Finnish household was assessed. Findings Findings suggest that GHG savings from behavioural change regarding household electricity remain marginal in comparison to savings gained from transportation related measures. Transportation also provides the most cost-efficient ways to decrease GHGs but not in all cases. Based on the results, the authors suggest that smart technologies, such as on-line, active feedback systems could have a major role in guiding household energy use. Also, given the high GHG savings from transport, the authors highlight the importance of providing infrastructure and services for clean mobility, and in designing well-functioning and compact cities enabling shorter travels. Originality/value The aim of our study was twofold – by analysing the case household’s choices, we obtained information on environmental and economic impacts, but in addition to this, the aim was to open discussion on the role of households in tackling climate change and how to support households in making sustainable choices. Although research regarding household energy behaviour is vast, so far very few studies have focused on both economic and environmental impacts of households’ everyday actions.
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Roberts, Roland K., Peggy V. Douglas, and William M. Park. "Estimating External Costs of Municipal Landfill Siting Through Contingent Valuation Analysis: A Case Study." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 23, no. 2 (December 1991): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200018276.
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AbstractMuch of the solid waste stream in the United States is generated by metropolitan areas, while associated landfills are often located in adjacent rural communities. Landfill disposal of municipal solid waste often creates external costs to nearby residents. Contingent valuation was used to estimate external costs of siting a landfill in the Carter community of Knox County, Tennessee. Estimates of annual external costs were $227 per household. Household income, size, years in the community, and distance from the proposed landfill and the respondent's education, sex, and perception of health risks were important in determining a household's willingness to pay to avoid having a landfill in the Carter community. Also, households whose (drinking water supplies were at risk of contamination were willing to pay $141 more than those who used piped city water or bottled water.
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Daniel, D., Mita Sirait, and Saket Pande. "A hierarchical Bayesian Belief Network model of household water treatment behaviour in a suburban area: A case study of Palu—Indonesia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): e0241904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241904.
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Understanding the determinants of household water treatment (HWT) behavior in developing countries is important to increase the rate of its regular use so that households can have safe water at home. This is especially so when the quality of the water source is not reliable. We present a hierarchical Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) model supported by statistical analysis to explore the influence of household’s socio-economic characteristics (SECs) on the HWT behavior via household’s psychological factors. The model uses eight SECs, such as mother’s and father’s education, wealth, and religion, and five RANAS psychological factors, i.e., risk, attitude, norms, ability, and self-regulation to analyse HWT behavior in a suburban area in Palu, Indonesia. Structured household interviews were conducted among 202 households. We found that mother’s education is the most important SEC that influences the regular use of HWT. An educated mother has more positive attitude towards HWT and is more confident in her ability to perform HWT. Moreover, self-regulation, especially the attempt to deal with any barrier that hinders HWT practice, is the most important psychological factor that can change irregular HWT users to regular HWT users. Hence, this paper recommends to HWT-program implementers to identify potential barriers and discuss potential solutions with the target group in order to increase the probability of the target group being a regular HWT user.
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Mkomba, Fydess Khundi, Akshay Kumar Saha, and Umaru Garba Wali. "Household-Level Effects of Energy Insecurity on Welfare in Southern Africa: A Malawian Case Study." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (October 29, 2020): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33234.
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The debate of energy security has, over the past decades, centered on supply factors within the energy policy framework in the public policy discourse. Much more empirical evidence is required to fully understand the household-level effects of energy security on development outcomes. This paper explores the characteristics of the households that face energy insecurity and also analyze the effects of energy insecurity on household welfare using the recent data from the Malawi Fourth Integrated Household Survey(IHS4) 2016-2017. Overall, 42.58% of Malawian households were found to be energy insecure and the study findings show that the energy insecure were a heterogenous group compared to the energy secure. The heterogeneity exist because of differences in demographics (likely to be advanced in age, likely to be females, less likely to have a household head with formal education); socioeconomic status (likely to be poor, had low wealth levels); geography (likely to be rural dwellers in the central and southern parts of Malawi); housing and dwelling status (less likely to be renters, less likely to be found in permanent or semi-permanent buildings that have iron sheets and cement floor). Additional results from econometric analysis showed that energy insecure households reduced their food consumption by 2.3% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs in their total household budget. Similarly, on the education outcome, the energy insecure households reduced their education expenditure by 3.6% for each 1% unit increase in the share of the energy costs over the total household expenditure. These findings show that energy security plays a key role towards improvement of household welfare in general as this might have short term and long-term negative implications on human capital development.
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Lowsky, David J., Donald K. K. Lee, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Health Savings Accounts: Consumer Contribution Strategies and Policy Implications." MDM Policy & Practice 3, no. 2 (July 2018): 238146831880937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318809373.
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Background. Health savings accounts (HSAs) are tax-advantaged savings accounts available only to households with high-deductible health insurance. This article provides initial answers to two questions: 1) How should a household budget for its annual HSA contributions? 2) Do current contribution limits provide households with the flexibility to use HSAs efficiently? To answer these questions, we formulate the household’s problem as one of determining a contribution strategy for minimizing total expected discounted medical costs. Methods. We use the 2002–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to develop a novel data-driven model for forecasting a household’s health care costs based on its current cost percentile and other characteristics. A dynamic policy, in which the contribution each year brings the HSA balance up to a household-specific threshold, is derived. This is compared to a simpler static policy in which the target HSA balance is simply the plan’s out-of-pocket maximum, with contributions in any year capped by a limit. Results. We find that: 1) the dynamic policy can save a household up to 19% in costs compared to the static one that is a proxy for typical contribution behavior; and 2) the recommended contribution amounts for 9% to 11% of households in a given year materially exceed what is currently allowed by the federal government. Conclusions. The dynamic policy derived from our data-analytic framework is able to unlock significant tax savings for health care consumers. To allow all households to use HSAs in a tax-efficient manner, a two-tiered contribution policy is needed: Allow unlimited contributions up to some balance, and then impose restrictions thereafter. The resulting impact on overall tax receipts is estimated to be well below what is currently allowed by legislation.
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Heck, L. P., J. A. Olkin, and K. Naghshineh. "Transducer Placement for Broadband Active Vibration Control Using a Novel Multidimensional QR Factorization." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893881.
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This paper advances the state of the art in the selection of minimal configurations of sensors and actuators for active vibration control with smart structures. The method extends previous transducer selection work by (1) presenting a unified treatment of the selection and placement of large numbers of both sensors and actuators in a smart structure, (2) developing computationally efficient techniques to select the best sensor-actuator pairs for multiple unknown force disturbances exciting the structure, (3) selecting the best sensors and actuators over multiple frequencies, and (4) providing bounds on the performance of the transducer selection algorithms. The approach is based on a novel, multidimensional extension of the Householder QR factorization algorithm applied to the frequency response matrices that define the vibration control problem. The key features of the algorithm are its very low computational complexity, and a computable bound that can be used to predict whether the transducer selection algorithm will yield an optimal configuration before completing the search. Optimal configurations will result from the selection method when the bound is tight, which is the case for many practical vibration control problems. This paper presents the development of the method, as well as its application in active vibration control of a plate.
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GLEASON, B. L., S. FOSTER, G. E. WILT, B. MILES, B. LEWIS, K. CAUTHEN, M. KING, et al. "Geospatial analysis of household spread of Ebola virus in a quarantined village – Sierra Leone, 2014." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 14 (August 22, 2017): 2921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001856.
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SUMMARYWe performed a spatial-temporal analysis to assess household risk factors for Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in a remote, severely-affected village. We defined a household as a family's shared living space and a case-household as a household with at least one resident who became a suspect, probable, or confirmed Ebola case from 1 August 2014 to 10 October 2014. We used Geographic Information System (GIS) software to calculate inter-household distances, performed space-time cluster analyses, and developed Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). Village X consisted of 64 households; 42% of households became case-households over the observation period. Two significant space-time clusters occurred among households in the village; temporal effects outweighed spatial effects. GEE demonstrated that the odds of becoming a case-household increased by 4·0% for each additional person per household (P< 0·02) and 2·6% per day (P< 0·07). An increasing number of persons per household, and to a lesser extent, the passage of time after onset of the outbreak were risk factors for household Ebola acquisition, emphasizing the importance of prompt public health interventions that prioritize the most populated households. Using GIS with GEE can reveal complex spatial-temporal risk factors, which can inform prioritization of response activities in future outbreaks.
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Ganchimeg, Gombodorj. "Energy consumption and household’s wealthy: case of herder household in Mongolia." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.229.
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More than half the world's population lives in rural areas, nearly 90 percent of them - some 2.8 billion - in the developing countries. Most of today's 2 billion people without adequate energy services are in rural areas. Currently, share of herder households in Mongolia with electricity sources accounts 82.7 per cent of total 160.2 thousand herder households (NSO, 2011). This study estimates the herder household’s energy consumption based on theory of energy ladder hypothesis, Engle curves and Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model as demand system analysis. The results of the study illustrate that the Energy Ladder hypothesis fits to herder households in Mongolia. They mostly use dung, wood, forest and grass waste and coal in regard to their income and energy source availability. The share of energy expenditure estimation shows that energy is necessity goods for herders. Total household expenditure inversely related to the energy expenditure share. The study results conclude that the herder’s energy consumption is on a very low level and some policy interventions are necessary for improving herder´s livelihood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.229 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.103-109
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ELLIS, AMY A., SEYDOU DOUMBIA, SIDY TRAORÉ, SARAH L. DALGLISH, and PETER J. WINCH. "HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND CARE-SEEKING BEHAVIOURS IN RESPONSE TO SEVERE CHILDHOOD ILLNESS IN MALI." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 6 (April 22, 2013): 743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000163.
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SummaryMalaria is a major cause of under-five mortality in Mali and many other developing countries. Malaria control programmes rely on households to identify sick children and either care for them in the home or seek treatment at a health facility in the case of severe illness. This study examines the involvement of mothers and other household members in identifying and treating severely ill children through case studies of 25 rural Malian households. A wide range of intra-household responses to severe illness were observed among household members, both exemplifying and contravening stated social norms about household roles. Given their close contact with children, mothers were frequently the first to identify illness symptoms. However, decisions about care-seeking were often taken by fathers and senior members of the household. As stewards of the family resources, fathers usually paid for care and thus significantly determined when and where treatment was sought. Grandparents were frequently involved in diagnosing illnesses and directing care towards traditional healers or health facilities. Relationships between household members during the illness episode were found to vary from highly collaborative to highly conflictive, with critical effects on how quickly and from where treatment for sick children was sought. These findings have implications for the design and targeting of malaria and child survival programming in the greater West African region.
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Tran, Minh Chau, Christopher E. C. Gan, and Baiding Hu. "Credit constraints and their impact on farm household welfare." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 782–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2014-0243.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify factors affecting formal credit constraint status of rural farm households in Vietnam’s North Central Coast (NCC) region. Design/methodology/approach – Using the direct elicitation method (DEM), the authors consider both internal and external credit rationing. Findings – Empirical evidences confirm the importance of household head’s age, gender and education to household’s likelihood of being credit constrained. In addition, households who have advantages in farm land size, labour resources and non-farm income are less likely to be credit constrained. Poor households are observed to remain restricted by formal credit institutions. Results from the endogenous switching regression model suggest that credit constraints negatively impact household’s consumption per capita and informal credit can act as a substitute to mitigate the negative influence of formal credit constraints. Research limitations/implications – One limitation arises from the usage of the DEM to identify credit constrained households. The method cannot detect effective and ineffective constraints. Another limitation is the inability of cross-section data to capture long-term impacts of credit constraints on household welfare. Finally, causes of credit constraints from the lender’s view cannot be observed. Practical implications – The results suggest that it is necessary to enhance the credit allocation regime to reduce the transaction cost and provide target households with sufficient credit. It should be emphasized that high transaction cost and the mismatch between credit demand and supply stemming from information asymmetry. The government can help formal financial institutions to reduce information cost by encouraging the active role of social organizations such as Women Unions, Youth Unions and Veteran Unions in bridging rural farm households with formal lenders. Originality/value – There are limited studies focusing on determinants of credit constraints and their impacts on rural farm households. To the best of the knowledge, there is no study evaluating the impact of credit constraints on rural farm household welfare particularly in Vietnam. In addition, the studies related to credit constraints only considered full quantity rationing (households applied for the loan but were rejected), omitting the case of partly quantity rationing (loan obtained by the borrowers is less than their demand) and self-rationing.
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Govoeyi, Benoit, Jean-Baptiste De La Salle Tignégré, Felix Badolo, Paul Alhassan Zaato, Karamoko Sanogo, and Birhanu Zemadim Birhanu. "Perceptions on Sack Gardening in Rural Areas: The Case of Vegetable Stakeholders in Koutiala and Bougouni, Mali." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214896.
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Understanding the perception of sack gardening technology is important in order to better support the adoption of sack gardening in households, given the nutritional role vegetables play. This notwithstanding, research has not yet been carried out to understand the stakeholders’ perception of sack gardening technology in the zones of Bougouni and Koutiala, where sack gardening technology was introduced under the Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation (Africa-RISING) project. This study assessed the perception of farm households on sack gardening technology and specifically to understand to what extent this innovation responds to household needs. Q-methodology was used to identify rural household’s viewpoints and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to compare stakeholders’ opinion typologies to discourses retained by Q-method results. Focus group discussions were used to identify the statements used for the q-set in the individual surveys. Our findings showed three factors or discourses which reflected the stakeholders’ viewpoints. A nutritional role, the role of making vegetables available for household consumption and the role of environment protection, specifically soil protection, were indicated in the stakeholders’ opinions. The understanding of the different discourses retained provides insights that can be used to design public and private interventions to support the usage of the technology in households or the adoption of this technology.
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Moyo, Dereck, and Tough Chinoda. "Impact of Village Savings and Loan Associations on Food Security in Zimbabwe: A Case Study of Marange Community in Mutare District." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 12 (2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61213.
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Objective: The study aimed at evaluating the impact of the Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) on food security. Methods: Guided by a pragmatist philosophy, the study applied mixed methods approach with an exploratory sequential design beginning with qualitative research phase. It explored the views of participants from four focus group discussions (FGDs) and seven key informant interviews (KIIs) to identify and specify variables to be measured through the second phase which was quantitative research. The quantitative phase used a household survey questionnaire to collect data from 204 respondents exclusive of participants of the first phase. Data from FGDs was analysed using NVivo, while One-Way ANOVA Test was used to analyze data from individual households. Results: The results showed that non-VSLAs members experience poor food availability and utilization throughout the year. Participation in VSLAs increased household food availability by 0.349 and utilization of food by 0.222, as evidenced by eating of balanced meal by household members. The results also indicated that participation in VSLAs led to better access to food, and stability of access, availability and utilization of food than non-VSLAs households. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between household’s participation in VSLAs and its food security.
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Karina, Dea, Tri Astuti Nuraini, and Prita Indriawati. "PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DIKELURAHAN MANGGAR BARU BALIKPAPAN." Jurnal Edueco 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/edueco.v1i2.17.
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Uncertainty of income obtained by the head of the family as a fisherman encourages the housewife member of the fisherman to work in order to fulfill the household's living needs. This research was conducted to determine the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households in Manggar Baru Balikpapan and also to find out what obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households. This research was also conducted to determine government policies in empowering coastal women. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data from this study were obtained by observing, interviewing, and documenting studies and processed using source triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households taking care of the household is a top priority, accompanying their husbands, taking care of their children and helping their husbands work as crab skin peelers or running small shops can increase household economic income. In carrying out this role they did not escape the obstacles they faced, the obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households were the constraints of unhygienic and unsafe water sources for individual and household needs as well as the absence of strengthening women fishermen groups for small business industries is a constraint faced by women in increasing household economic income. In terms of empowering coastal communities, the Government participates in conducting coaching for coastal communities in the Manggar Baru Balikpapan village through trainings even though the training is not regularly scheduled.
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Khanal, Uttam, R. C. Khanal, and P. P. Regmi. "Agriculture and emigration: A case study of Manapang Village, Tanahun, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 1 (December 9, 2013): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v1i1.36548.
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A study was undertaken to assess the relationship between agriculture and emigration in Manapang Village Development Committee (VDC) of Tanahun District, Nepal. A total of 120 randomly sampled households were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results showed that the average land holding size, irrigated land holding size, livestock holding, income from agriculture, and investment of household income in agriculture were found to be higher in non-migrating households than in migrating households, whereas total household income was higher in migrating households than in non-migrating ones. The marginal value productivity of labor was lower for major crops than that of average wage rate from non-farm work. The size of abandoned land was higher in migrating than non-migrating households. The average share of remittances in household income was 62.50 % in migrating household. Higher share of the remittances was used for consumption purposes, but only 5 % was used in agriculture. Findings revealed that although emigration has a positive effect on the overall economy in the rural households, however, agricultural productivity is suffered.
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Nata, Muhammad Iqbram Aditya, Teguh Endaryanto, and Ani Suryani. "ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANIPISANG DI KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 8, no. 4 (December 23, 2020): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v8i4.4704.
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The purposes of this research were to analyze the income of banana farmer households, the level of banana farmer household’s welfare, and the factors that influence the banana farmer household’s welfare. This research was conducted at Sumbermulyo and Tegalbinangun villages of Sumberejo subdistrict ofTanggamus regency. The samples were chosen by simple random sampling method. The number of respondents in this study was 62 banana farmers. The data were collected in March 2019. The method of data analysis used in this study was quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that average household income of banana farmers in Sumberejo of Tanggamus Regency was IDR32,763,337.90 per year. It came from banana farming (on farm) amounting to IDR17,497,289.52 and from outside the banana farming (on farm, off farm and non farm) amounting to IDR15,266,048.38. Based on BPS (2014) criteria, banana farmers household at Sumberejo District were mostly categorized as prosperous farmers families. Based on the regression analysis using binary logit there were two factors influencing the prosperity grade of banana farmers, they are household income and the number of family members.Key words: banana farmers, farmer household’s welfare, income
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Das, Milan, Kaushalendra Kumar, and Junaid Khan. "Does remittance protect the household from catastrophic health expenditure in India." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (November 26, 2020): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2020-0023.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic nature of the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) on remittances receiving households between 2005 and 2012 in India. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted Xu’s (2005) definition of catastrophic health-care expenditure. And also used binary logistic regression to examine the effects of remittances being received on CHE in households across India. The data were drawn from the two rounds of the India Human Development Survey conducted by the University of Maryland, the USA, and the National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India. Findings The results show that the percentage of households received remittances, and that the amount of remittances received has substantially increased during 2005 and 2012, though variation is evident by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the household. Apparently, the variation (percentage of households received remittances) is more pronounced for factors such as household size, number of 60+ elderly, sectors and by regions. Household’s catastrophic health spending and remittances being received show a statistically significant association. Households which received remittances during both the time showed the lowest likelihood (AOR:0.82; p-value < 0.10; 95% CI:0.64–1.03) to experience catastrophic health spending. Originality/value The paper identified the research gap to examine the occurrence of catastrophic health spending by remittances receiving status of the household using a novel panel data set.
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Wulandari, Wulandari, Ketut Sukiyono, and Sriyoto Sriyoto. "Decision Making Pattern and Contribution of Family Labor in Palm Oil Farming: Case Study District of Pondok Kelapa Bengkulu Tengah Regency." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 4, no. 2 (August 12, 2020): 336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v4i2.6944.
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This study is aimed at investigating the household decision pattern in oil palm farming activities, analysing the household member labor and wage labor contribution to labor need. This study uses descriptive analysis methods an interview 90 palam oil households randomly selected. Decision-making patterns apply Sajogyo’s households decision-making pattern. This research was conducted in the District of Pondok Kelapa on March 25 - April 25 2019. The study found that decision-making in the households related to oil palm farming is dominated by the husband, as well as the implementation of farming activities. The research also concludes that husband contributes more than his wife in fullfiling labor needs. The contribution of wage labor results in dominating men wage labor. However, household labor has the largest contribution compared to wage labor.
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Hai, Le Dinh, and Nguyen Lan Huong. "THE FACTORS INFLUENCING MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY OF HOUSEHOLDS: A CASE STUDY FROM BAC KAN PROVINCE." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 13 (2022): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2022.13.118-130.
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Multidimensional poverty is a novel approach that has been put into use in Vietnam in the period 2016-2020. This is a new basis for poverty assessment, prevailing the limitations of measuring by income. The study aims to determine key factors influencing multidimensional poverty and propose solutions to reduce multidimensional poverty for households in Luong Thuong commune, Na Ri district, Bac Kan province. By conducting a survey from 150 households in the study area and using Binary Logistic Regression model for data analysis, the study identifies five key factors significantly affecting multidimensional poverty of households in the study area, including: (1) land area of the household; (2) ability to access information by households; (3) participation in agriculture extension activities; (4) ethnicity of household head; and (5) number of dependant in the household. Based on that, four solutions were proposed to help households in study area escape from multidimensional poverty, including (i) increasing the land area for the poor household; (ii) improving access information for households; (iii) renovating agricultural extension; (iv) reducing the number of dependants in the household. These solutions can be used as valuable reference materials for developing policies of sustainable poverty reduction for households in the study area in particular and in whole country in general.