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Brown, C. W. "Household dust and respiratory allergy : a study of household dust exposure and respiratory allergy in UK households." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843797/.
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This thesis is designed to explore the hypothesis that settled dust in a domestic environment can contain significant levels of allergens and that common cleaning methods employed to remove dust can result in sufficient airborne exposure to potentially trigger an allergic reaction. Qualitative feedback from respondents in studies of furniture dusting habits indicated that household furniture dusting could elicit an allergic response. A consumer questionnaire was fielded to confirm the problem and it's magnitude. This indicated that it affected approximately 20% of allergy sufferers (or approximately 5% of the total UK population). Further work was performed to estimate the level of allergen exposure during dusting. Additional consumer research was fielded to ascertain the surface area being dusted, (approximately 54000cm2 for frequently dusted areas and 10000cm2 for frequently dusted areas). Domestic dusting habits were probed for the relative frequency of dusting method, which split evenly between dry dusting, wet dusting with water and wet dusting with a furniture polish. Surface sampling techniques were adapted to make in-home measurements of the rate of dust settling which was found to be approximately 3.19x10 -7 g.cm-2,day-1. In-home sampling was also undertaken to measure the mean allergen content of surface dust for major allergens, yielding 24667ng.g-1 combined dust mite, 47696ng.g-1 Fel d 1 and approximately 126 8 08ng.g-1 Can f 1. Laboratory-based studies determined the relative amount of dust rendered airborne during dusting of different furniture surface types and comparing different cleaning methods. This was found to be between 2.3- 43.0%. From these experiments, a model "average" home was constructed and used to estimate the exposure towards dust allergens during a typical dusting task. Exposure was estimated to be as much as 16500ng total dust mite, 124000 mug (31000 mU) cat allergen and 275000 ng (IU) dog allergen per dusting method. These results indicated that allergen exposure, under certain circumstances, could exceed the threshold levels that have been proposed for the onset of sensitisation.
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Gross, Isaac. "Essays on macroeconomics and household heterogeneity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:67b69f93-f399-49f3-8e1c-b38b1b67bab1.
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The goal of this thesis is to explore how household heterogeneity propagates and amplifies macroeconomic shocks within the economy using both economic theory and empirical data. The assumption of a single "representative" household has been a mainstay of macroeconomic research over the past half-century. However recent work suggests that not only is there a considerable degree of heterogeneity among households, but that these differences have a significant impact on a range of macroeconomic issues such as the e?ectiveness of fiscal stimulus (Kaplan et al., 2014; Broda and Parker, 2014), monetary policy (Auclert, 2017; Kaplan et al., 2016), the housing market (Attanasio et al., 2012; Blundell et al., 2008; Guerrieri and Iacoviello, 2017; Ngai et al., 2016; Mian et al., 2013), consumption (Ahn et al., 2017a; Blundell and Preston, 1998; Campbell and Cocco, 2007; Engelhardt, 1996) and employment (Ravn and Sterk, 2016; McKay and Reis, 2016; Abo-Zaid, 2013a) among many others. This literature has highlighted how households respond differently to aggregate shocks or changes in policy and how simply aggregating or averaging across them can obscure important truths about the economy. However, relaxing this assumption poses several challenges. The first is choosing the degree and manner in which households di?er. While in reality households can differ along many dimensions, in practice it is only feasible to include a small number of these in any given model. Thus one must choose the most salient dimensions along which households differ and the structural reasons behind such differences. For example, when examining the dynamics behind the housing market is it important to model differences in income, wealth, age, tastes or composition? No single model will be able to incorporate all these differences and so it is incumbent on researchers to proritise and justify their choices. In this thesis I will show why household heterogeneity in the housing and labour markets is both empirically relevant and an important consideration when considering the problem of optimal policy. The second challenge is a computational one. While models can be structured such that differentiated households make identical decisions, in general these differences will cause choices, and thus outcomes, across households to diverge. This produces a non-degenerate distribution of households across their specific state variables. This raises the problem of how this potentially infinite-dimension distribution is incorporated within the model. Previous literature has developed a range of options for handling this problem including approximating the distribution with a small handful of moments (Krusell and Smith, 1998) and approximating it with projection and perturbation methods (Reiter, 2009). In this thesis I will outline two different methods for dealing with this computational problem. The first, set out in Chapter 1, shows how market clearing prices can be feasibly calculated by aggregating over the distribution of households. The second approach involves simulating the model with aggregate uncertainty using numerical derivatives based on impulse response functions. The first chapter of this thesis will examine how heterogeneity in wealth and income affects households' decision to purchase housing and the implications for their consumption of non-durable goods. It constructs an Aiyagari-Bewley-Huggett model in which households are subject to an idiosyncratic income shock and thus hold different amounts of liquid wealth and illiquid housing. I then evaluate how the anticipated changes in household debt associated with the leveraged purchase of housing affect the consumption of non-durable goods. I show that the differences in income and wealth lead to significant variance in marginal propensities to consume among households. I show that households that are saving for a house deposit can have negative marginal propensities to consume as they lower their consumption in anticipation of being credit constrained as the probability that they will buy a house increases. This result has important implications for the design of fiscal policy, as it shows that payments to first time home buyers, which was a common policy response to the Global Financial Crisis, can lead to falls in aggregate consumption rather than stimulating growth. The second and third chapters examine how the combination of heterogeneity in workers' wages and downward nominal wage rigidity affects the transmission and design of different aspects of monetary policy. In Chapter 2 I show that in this environment there is a trade-off between a higher rate of inflation which gives workers more flexibility when setting real wages, at the cost of greater price dispersion in the goods market. After outlining a numerical algorithm to solve the model I use micro-data on the distribution of workers' change in wages to calibrate the nominal wage rigidity. I show that downward nominal wage rigidities bend the Phillips curve constraining the inflation rate from falling in times of low demand. This indicates that an inflation rate that is only moderately below its target can mask large falls in the output gap. Finally, I find that the monetary policy rule can be implemented by placing a higher weight on wage inflation, relative to a symmetric nominal wage rigidity. In Chapter 3 I discuss how downwardly rigid wages can amplify or mitigate the welfare loss caused by the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates and how this varies with the parameterisation of the model. I find that the optimal rate of inflation is increased by the presence of both nominal interest rate and wage rigidities, when modeled either separately or in tandem, and is 3 per cent in the baseline calibration of the model.
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Marks, Beatrice. "POMPEIAN HOUSEHOLDS: IMPLICATIONS OF COSMETICS." Thesis, Department of Archaeology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18801.
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This thesis collects the published material evidence surrounding the personal use of cosmetics and perfumes in Pompeii, and contains a typology of Roman unguentaria. The findings and analysis will be fundamentally archaeological, but will be supported by the ancient literary and secondary published works on archaeometry, especially chromatography. The main theory behind this research is that cosmetics may indicate certain room functions by gender and class, and could provide insight into the gendered use of space within Roman households.
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Harris, Thomas. "Household electricity access and households dynamics : insights into the links between electricity access and household dynamics in South Africa between 2008 and 2012." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20708.
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This paper investigates the details behind aggregate shifts in household electricity access in South Africa. More specifically, when viewed from a cross-sectional perspective, we note a significant (and surprising) decline in electricity access between 2008 and 2010, followed by a substantial improvement in access between 2010 and 2012. In order to further investigate these interesting dynamics and move beyond a limited cross-sectional analysis, we then set up the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) in a novel form that allows one to track household units in a longitudinal fashion. Using this data, we identify the initial drop in electricity access to have come as a result of a large number of household disconnections, as well as a significant degree of "misdirected" household formation (with people leaving household with access and setting up households in locations without access). We also identify the subsequent improvement in aggregate access to have come primarily as a result of a significant fall in the number of households that lose access over the period, an increase in the number of households that gain access, and favourable household formation processes (with people leaving households without access and moving into households with access). It is therefore vital that those involved in coordinating service delivery take into account that, if one's aim is to improve aggregate electricity access, preventing loss of access is just as important as expanding access. Policy makers should also take note of household formation and dissolution processes when considering service delivery expansion - to prevent government from needlessly chasing a moving target.
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Samuda, Karelle. "Household economic resources, household structure and secondary schooling in Jamaica." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3709.
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Padula, Mario. "Household investment behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252203.
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Kerr, Emily W. Pham Van Hoang. "Micro-credit and household productivity evidence from Bangladesh /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5359.
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Langley, Kyle Anthony. "Potential benefits and experienced challenges of small household biogas-digesters for rural households." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1021268.
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Access to renewable energy supplies is a critical foundation for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Anaerobic biogas-digesters also referred to as bio-digesters, have been identified as one of the leading technologies with regards to assisting in improving energy access for remote rural areas that still remain dependent upon biomass usage. This thesis assesses the potential feasibility of bio-digesters for rural households in South Africa by focusing on the experiences of a remote and rural community in Eastern Cape. A standardised survey was used to capture household details and energy use patterns of households with 180 interviews being conducted. Field observations were also conducted on the five bio-digesters installed in the community over a three month period. Despite the predominance of electrification in the community, households were heavily reliant upon biomass in the form of fuelwood and cattle dung to supplement their energy needs. Households supplemented their energy usage with alternative energy sources such as LPG gas and paraffin, especially during periods when electricity was unavailable or deemed too expensive. Initial knowledge of bio-digester technology in the community was non-existent, however with the installation of bio-digesters within the targeted villages, social learning was observed. Despite low temperatures bio-digesters continued to function throughout the study period, though malfunctions did occur and gas production did not reach optimal levels. Primary challenges encountered were the lack of financial subsidies for wide-spread adoption; the limited technical capacity of the community to conduct repairs and minimal gas production due to a build-up of ligneous materials within the gas chamber of the bio-digesters. Bio-digesters were found to provide significant benefits for households and further studies into maximising their effectiveness for rural South African households are recommended.
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Silvennoinen, Heidi. "Essays on household time allocation decisions in a collective household model /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2008. http://hsepubl.lib.hse.fi/FI/diss/?cmd=show&dissid=369.
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Peterson, Sydney Mtchell. "Household Technology and the Division of Household Labor in Utah Families." DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2359.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of household appliances and the division of labor in accomplishing household tasks in the family. It investigated the relationship between ownership of specific items of household equipment and the performance of directly related household tasks and the overall ownership of household equipment and the overall division of labor in the family.
Data for this study came from "Determinants and outcomes of Household Time Use," which is part of the S-206 Regional Research Project. Data from 214 two-parent, two-child households were analyzed to determine the relationship between ownership of household equipment and time spent in three categories of household tasks by husbands, wives and children. Ownership of household equipment was determined by means of an equipment inventory. The ownership of appliances and their relationship to the performance of directly associated tasks included: (microwave oven and time spent in food preparation; (2) dishwasher and garbage disposal and time spent in dishwashing; and (3) power garden and/or yard equipment and power shop tools and time spent in maintenance of home, yard, car, and pets.
The total time spent in household production by husbands, wives, children and its relationship to the total number of household appliances owned was also studied.
The t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis were used to analyze the differences in proportion of time spent in the various household tasks by wives, husbands, and children by ownership of related household equipment. No significant differences were found in the proportion of time spent in food preparation, dishwashing, and maintenance by wives, husbands, and children in households that did and did not own the related household equipment. The correlation between level of equipment ownership and husbands' and children's proportion of total family time spent in household work was not significant indicating that as more equipment is acquired husbands and children do not contribute a smaller proportion of total family time in household work.
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Chirwa, Tobias Freeman. "Effect of household dynamics on risk of disease associated with household contact." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480971.
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Bissmont, Mimmi. "Reducing household waste : A social practice perspective on Swedish household waste prevention." Licentiate thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-13752.
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This thesis studies household waste prevention from a social scienceperspective. Swedish waste management is efficient in handling wastebut has not succeeded in reducing its quantities, even though theissue of waste prevention is being raised at both international andnational levels.The aim of this thesis is to study and analyse the practice ofhousehold waste prevention. I seek to understand and explainhow it may be possible for households in their everyday to reducethat waste. With understanding comes an aspiration to mitigatewhatever impedes households from reducing their waste. A secondaim is therefore to apply these new understandings and make policysuggestions as to how household waste prevention can be promotedand supported. My research questions are:• How is everyday household waste prevention as a practicenarrated and discussed? And how can this practice andthe activities in it be understood in connection with socialstructures?• What obstacles and opportunities do households experience inconnection with the practice of everyday waste prevention?• What policy suggestions can be drawn from these findings? Household waste prevention has in earlier research often beenstudied from a waste management perspective, juxtaposing it withrecycling. These studies has identified a need to approach the areafrom a consumption perspective. Sustainable consumption has,however, in general failed to incorporate disposal as a practicesin itself, in that disposal involves competence in knowing what todo with certain things, as well as relation between things and theirmeanings. This runs the risk of leaving waste and waste preventionas part of consumption scarcely researched. It is in this identified gapthat I place my study.In order to address my questions, two studies were carried out.The first is presented in Article I, ‘Household practices of disposal –Swedish households’ narratives for moving things along’. The datawas gathered using in-depth interviews with Swedish households not explicitly devoted to waste prevention. The study focused oneveryday disposal activities. The second study, presented in Article II,is called ‘The practice of household waste minimisation’. This studycollected data from Swedish bloggers engaging in waste-minimisationpractices, sometimes called ‘zero-waste bloggers’, focusing on howthese forerunners describe practising waste minimisation in theireveryday.In both studies I used sociological theories of how humans asactors relate to the social structures and how humans act in theireveryday. The theories applied were derived from the extensive workof Anthony Giddens on structuration and late-modernity. As I placehousehold activities at the centre of my study, I have also appliedtheory of practice. My analysis starts off with the claim that waste is an unintendedconsequence of keeping up shared practices: in other words, thathousehold waste production is neither deliberate nor completelyvoluntary. For waste prevention practices to happen, the prevailingidea that recycling alone is good enough needs to be challenged.There need to be other opportunities to act, such as buying secondhandclothes, unpackaged groceries, repairable electronics etc. Theseopportunities need to be normalised, meaning that they need tobe socially spread and accepted. They also need to be reasonablyconvenient, as in not demanding too much time and effort. The studyof the minimising forerunners reveals that these households have tostruggle in their everyday to minimise their waste. This implies thathousehold waste prevention is not supported by the social structuresin Sweden and, therefore, will not increase by itself.I move on to suggest a new model for the understanding ofsustainable consumption. This model takes the perspective of practicetheory and presents four stages of consumption: need, obtain, use anddispose. All four stages should be recognised as possible situationsfor interventions. There is also a need for a holistic perspective onconsumption, where none of the stages is studied in isolation fromthe rest.I conclude the thesis by pinpointing the identified major obstaclesto household waste prevention, and by suggesting necessary changesin order for household waste prevention to become a shared practice.
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Lavine, Greg. "Will practicing household worship improve the spiritual well-being of household members?" Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0370.
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Maniar, Avani [Verfasser], and Leena [Verfasser] Chauhan. "Internet Altering Indian Households : Enabling Indian Housewives Perform Household Responsibilities / Avani Maniar, Leena Chauhan." Hamburg : Anchor Academic Publishing, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216634351/34.
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Maniar, Avani [Verfasser], and Leena [Verfasser] Chauhan. "Internet Altering Indian Households : Enabling Indian Housewives Perform Household Responsibilities / Avani Maniar, Leena Chauhan." Hamburg : Anchor Academic Publishing, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216634327/34.
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Newall, Philip W. S. "Household financial decision making." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24473.
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Households are nowadays required to make financial decisions of increasing complexity in an increasing number of domains. This thesis explores psychological mechanisms, behavior change interventions, and potential inhibitory factors underlying wise household financial decisions in the domains of gambling advertising and mutual fund investing. In-depth investigations of these two domains were chosen to balance the depth of topic coverage versus the wide breadth of modern financial decision making. UK soccer gambling advertising was investigated via two observational studies and a range of online experiments. The experiments found that soccer fans struggle to form coherent expectations for the complex bets featuring in UK soccer gambling advertising. Mutual fund investors have to balance a number of cues in their investment choices. Normatively, mutual fund investors should minimize fees. However, a number of investors choose to maximize past returns instead. Three chapters investigate how mutual fund fees and financial percentage returns are psychologically processed, in order to uncover beneficial behavior change interventions. Many participants processed percentages additively, rather than follow the correct multiplicative strategy. Both percentages and corresponding “small” currency amounts were associated with systematic biases. Participant responses were closest to the normative strategy when either past returns were framed as a “small” currency amount, or when fees were framed as a 10 year currency amount. “Some people invest based on past performance, but funds with low fees have the highest future results” was the most effective disclaimer at nudging fee-sensitivity against the real world status quo, “Past performance does not predict future results.”
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Cunha, Ricardo. "Essays on Household Finance." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514451.
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Schlafmann, Kathrin. "Essays in household finance." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-169427.
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Ferman, Bruno. "Essays on household finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77793.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126).
This dissertation consists of three essays. The first chapter studies whether credit demand is sensitive to interest rates, to the prominence of interest rate disclosure, and to nudges. Consumer credit regulations usually require that lenders disclose interest rates. However, lenders can evade the spirit of these regulations by concealing rates in the fine print and highlighting low monthly payments. I explore the importance of such evasion in Brazil, where consumer credit for lower and middle income borrowers is expanding rapidly, despite particularly high interest rates. By randomizing contract interest rates and the degree of interest rate disclosure, I show that most borrowers are highly rate-sensitive, whether or not interest rates are prominently disclosed in marketing materials. An exception is high-risk borrowers, for whom rate disclosure matters. These clients are rate-sensitive only when disclosure is prominent. I also show that borrowers who choose this type of financing are responsive to nudges that favor longer-term plans. Despite this evidence, the financial consequences of information disclosure, even for high-risk borrowers, are relatively modest, and clients are less susceptible to nudges when the stakes are higher. Together, these results suggest that consumers in Brazil are surprisingly adept at decoding information even when lenders try to obfuscate the interest rate information, suggesting a fair amount of sophistication in this population. The second chapter (co-authored with Leonardo Bursztyn, Florian Ederer, and Noam Yuchtman) studies the importance of peer effects in financial decisions. Using a field experiment conducted with a financial brokerage, we attempt to disentangle channels through which a person's financial decisions affect his peers'. When someone purchases an asset, his peers may also want to purchase it because they learn from his choice ("social learning") and because his possession of the asset directly affects others' utility of owning the same asset ("social utility"). We randomize whether one member of a peer pair who chose to purchase an asset has that choice implemented, thus randomizing possession of the asset. Then, we randomize whether the second member of the pair: 1) receives no information about his peer, or 2) is informed of his peer's desire to purchase the asset and the result of the randomization determining possession. We thus estimate the effects of: (a) learning plus possession, and (b) learning alone, relative to a control group. In the control group, 42% of individuals purchased the asset, increasing to 71% in the "social learning only" group, and to 93% in the "social learning and social utility" group. These results suggest that herding behavior in financial markets may result from social learning, and also from a desire to own the same assets as one's peers. The third chapter (co-authored with Pedro Daniel Tavares) uses data on checking and savings accounts for a sample of clients from a large bank in Brazil to calculate the prevalence and cost of "borrowing high and lending low" behavior in a setting where the spread between the borrowing and saving rates is on the order of 150% per year. We find that most clients maintain an overdrawn account at least one day a year while having liquid assets. However, the yearly amount of avoidable financial charges would only correspond, on average, to less than 0.5% of clients' yearly earnings. We also show that consumers are less likely to engage in such behavior when the costs of doing so are higher. These results suggest that the spread between the borrowing and saving rates is a key determinant of this behavior.
by Bruno Ferman.
Ph.D.
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Angrisani, M. "Essays on household finance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324511/.
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This thesis comprises three essays on household finance. It provides a comprehensive investigation of the role of heterogeneity in household circumstances to explain observed saving and investment decisions and to define a unified analytical framework to study such behaviours. Particular emphasis is placed on idiosyncratic, non-tradeable and non- diversifiable risks as determinants of financial choices over the life cycle. Another salient feature of the present contributions is their focus on retirement age individuals. In the context of the aging population, this large cohort has received particular attention given its relatively short retirement planning horizon, its greater vulnerability to market returns and shocks to retirement wealth, and its rising exposure to health risk. Advancing our understanding of middle-aged individuals' saving and investment decisions is essential towards the design of effective interventions aimed at enhancing their financial security at older ages. In Chapter 1 I provide a summary and overview of the thesis. In Chapter 2 I empirically investigate whether, when markets are incomplete, the presence of idiosyncratic uninsurable and non-diversifiable risks induces more prudent investment strategies and causes individuals to hold safer portfolios. In particular, I consider public pension uncertainty stemming from unexpected earnings variation as a source of background risk for workers before retirement. I find evidence of risk substitutability, in that individuals facing higher pension variability (background risk) reduce their exposure to stock market risks (endogenously controlled risks). In view of these findings, I develop in Chapter 3 a life-cycle model that reproduces the main sources of uncertainty confronted by households on the verge of retirement. These include unexpected earnings and pension variations, adverse health shocks, medical expenditure risk and survival uncertainty. I use this rich analytical set-up to study optimal retirement saving and portfolio choices and to evaluate the impact on household welfare of tax-deferred retirement accounts. The model generates plausible wealth accumulation and portfolio patterns. The degree of exposure to background risks, its evolution over time and interaction with tax incentives and liquidity constraints on retirement savings play a major role in shaping lifetime investment behaviour. In Chapter 4 I examine the effect of cognition and numeracy on a wide range of household financial outcomes. The results suggest that the degree of sophistication required to access more complex financial products may represent a severe barrier for less skilled individuals and that simple preference heterogeneity is not sufficient to explain observed differences in portfolio choice among investors with different abilities. Hence, policy interventions aimed at simplifying financial decision-making should be conceived as attempts to address informational or market failures. Such measures might eliminate or reduce the barriers preventing those with cognitive impairment from accessing certain investment opportunities and attaining the desired financial security.
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Lin, Xirong. "Essays on Household Economics:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108725.
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Thesis advisor: Arthur LewbelThe dissertation consists of three essays on different aspects of the collective household models in the household economics literature. The first essay estimates a collective household model for evaluating the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) among older households. I use longitudinal Homescan data to identify SNAP-eligible food. I find that husbands have relatively stronger preferences for food than wives, and that household demand is affected by bargaining power (i.e., control over resources) within households. Failure to account for this difference in preferences and control leads to underestimates of older couples' total food demand, and of their implied response (at both intensive and extensive margins) to a counterfactual experiment of replacing SNAP with a cash transfer program. I find that most eligible older households spend more on SNAP-eligible food than would be allowed by their SNAP benefits. Their spending patterns suggest that their poor diet is mainly due to low income rather than tastes. Overall these findings imply that a SNAP comparable cash transfer can be an effective tool to achieve the goals of the SNAP program. The second essay is joint work with my advisor Arthur Lewbel. We first prove identification of coefficients in a class of semiparametric models. We then apply these results to identify collective household consumption models. We extend the existing literature by proving point identification, rather than the weaker generic identification, of all the features of a collective household (including price effects). Moreover, we do so in a model where goods can be partly shared, and allowing children to have their own preferences, without observing child specific goods. We estimate the model using Japanese consumption data, where we find new results regarding the sharing and division of goods among husbands, wives, and children. The third essay is a joint paper with Tomoki Fujii. We study the intra-household inequality in resource allocation and bargaining within Japanese couples without children. We exploit a unique Japanese dataset in which individual private expenditures, savings, and time use information are available. From the data, we find that on average, the husband enjoys 1.5 times more purely private expenditures than the wife. However, the data only provides resource allocation on purely private expenditures, while 68 percent of household expenditures are devoted to the family, i.e., joint expenditures. We refer to the collective household literature in order to recover the unobserved sharing of total household expenditures, including both private and public goods. We find that the model-predicted sharing pattern is moderately consistent with the individual expenditure data. However, the intra-household inequality would be underestimated if we only use the sharing in purely private expenditures from the data. We find that Japanese wives are relatively disadvantaged to their husbands, no matter in purely private expenditures, total household expenditures, or gains from marriage. The findings in this paper provides certain external validity in terms of the collective household model of consumption, which we argue should be widely adopted in analyzing individual welfare in multi-person households
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Mohemkar-Kheirandish, Reza. "Intra-Household Decision Making." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29215.
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This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first one (Chapter three), "Gains and Losses from Household Formation," I introduce a general equilibrium model, wherein a household may consist of more than one member, each with their own preferences and endowments. In these models at first, individuals form households. Then, collective decisions (or bargaining) within the household specifies the consumption plans of household members. Finally, competition across households determines a feasible allocation of resources. I consider a model with two types of individuals and pure group externalities. I investigate the competitive equilibrium allocation and stability of the equilibrium in that setting. Specifically, I show that under a certain set of assumptions a competitive equilibrium with free exit is also a competitive equilibrium with free household formation. Similar results are obtained for a special case of consumption externality. Illustrative examples, where prices may change as household structures change, are used to show how general equilibrium model with variable household structure works and some interesting results are discussed at the end of the first essay.
In the second essay (Chapter four), “Effects of the Price System on Household Labor Supply,” I introduce leisure and labor into the two-type economy framework that was constructed in the first essay. The main objective of this essay is to investigate the effects of exogenous prices on the labor supply decisions, and completely analyze the partial equilibrium model outcomes in a two-type economy setting. I assume a wage gap and explore the effect of that gap on labor supply. The main content of the second essay is the analysis of the effect of change in wages, price of the private good, power of each individual in the household, relative importance of private consumption compared to leisure, and the level of altruism on individual's decisions about how much private good or leisure he/she wants to consume. The effect of a relative price change on labor supply, private consumption and utility level is also investigated. Moreover, one of the variations of Spence's signaling model is borrowed to explain why higher education of women in Iran does not necessarily translate into higher female labor force participation. Finally, fixed point theorem is used to calculate the power (or alternatively labor supply) of individuals in the household endogenously for the two-type economy with labor at the end of this essay.
In the third essay (Chapter five), “Dynamics of Poverty in Iran: What Are the Determinants of the Probability of Being Poor?,” I explore the characteristics of the households who fall below the poverty line and stay there as well as those who climb up later. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility and the main characteristics of growth in expenditure of households. One of the main issues in economic policy making nowadays is the evaluation of effectiveness of anti-poverty programs. In order to achieve this goal one should be able to track down a household for a period of time. In this essay, I am going to investigate the dynamics of poverty in Iran during 1992-95. I am especially interested in finding the characteristics of the households that fall below the poverty line and stay there in addition to those that climb up later. Obviously, if policy-makers want to have efficient policies to reduce poverty, they should target the former group. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility in this period with an emphasis on mobility in and out of poverty and review the main characteristics of the growth in expenditure of households.Ph. D.
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El, Lahga Abdelrahmen. "Essays on household economics." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR1EC07.
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Cette thèse présente quatre essais empiriques qui analysent plusieurs aspects de l'allocation intrafamiliale des ressources. Le premier est consacré à un test du modèle collectif de consommation en présence de trois décideurs. Le second compare, dans un cadre transversal, les tests conditionnels et non conditionnels du modèle collectif sur données réelles de consommation Canadienne. Le troisième essai propose une nouvelle technologie pour l’estimation des modèles collectifs d’offre de travail des couples, basée sur les approches d’inférence indirecte; cette technique est illustrée par une étude de type Monte Carlo. Enfin, la dernière partie porte sur l’analyse empirique des comportements d’offre de travail domestique et de marché, et plus particulièrement l’étude de la différence entre couples mariés et cohabitantsThis thesis presents four self-contained essays on household economics. The first essay tests whether children of certain age groups should be treated as decision makers within the household, applying an existing testing methodology developed for determining the number of adult decision makers in the context of a collective household model. The second essay compares two types of matrix rank based tests for the number of household decision makers – using conditional and using unconditional demand functions. The analysis shows robust evidence in favour of two decision makers, with the interpretation that husband and wife are separate decision makers. The third essay uses the very general technique of indirect inference to estimate a collective household labour supply model in a new and attractive way, and shows that this technique can be applied very fruitfully here. The last essay analyzes reduced form models of time allocation using panel data models applied to the German Socio-Economic Panel. It exploits variation in marital status of couples over time. Controlling for fixed effects, it finds evidence that marriage increases women specialization in domestic work
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Hassinger, Elaine, and Jack Watson. "Treatment of Household Wastewater." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146293.
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2 pp.Almost all farm houses use a septic tank system or similar on-site wastewater system to treat household wastewater. These systems are usually economical and safe. But, they must be able to safely handle all wastewater produced by your household and must treat wastewater adequately to prevent contamination of groundwater and surface water. This publication lists several questions to help you determine whether your household wastewater treatment system may pose a risk to your groundwater.
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Balloch, Adnan Gull. "Essays in household finance." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11135/.
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In recent years, the analysis of household financial decision making has become the main focus for both policymakers and academics. Hence this thesis first sets out to investigate the role of household financial literacy and psychological characteristics in household financial decisions. The results suggest that financial literacy is significantly associated with household financial management and practices such as credit management, cash flow management, retirement saving and investment. Further, while exploring the importance of stock market literacy on household decision to participate in the stock market, it is found that stock market literacy and trust distinctly influence the probability of household participation in the stock market. Furthermore, stock market literacy not only increases the likelihood of participation but also influences the share of wealth invested in the stock market. Also, economic shocks and future expectations are the key psychological characteristics that explain household decision to invest in stocks. However, upon participation, a larger set of psychological characteristics such as, past economic shock, future expectations, self-confidence, and time preference influence a household decision on how much to invest in stocks. Finally, the thesis examines the unwise financial decisions of households in unsecured debt management, credit card debt, mortgage debt management and investment diversification. The results show that financial distress and poverty increase the likelihood of households making unwise financial decisions. However, financial distress is found to outperform poverty in explaining the unwise financial decision of the households. Thus, the thesis brings to light the importance of financial literacy, psychological characteristics and financial distress for understanding household financial decision making.
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Balasubramaniam, Vimal. "Essays in household finance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:12eb0eed-348b-424c-9632-7d0962f6ce9d.
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This dissertation presents three empirical analyses on individual investment decisions with risky financial markets. Each chapter investigates a distinct aspect of individual financial behaviour with risky financial markets, but provide evidence on one important aspect of household finance: Individual behaviour is systematically different from normative views of what they ought to do. The first paper, Endowment effects in the field: Evidence from India's IPO lotteries presents large-scale field evidence to a suite of laboratory studies call into question the fundamental neoclassical assumption that preferences and beliefs are independent of fownership. It documents that winners of randomly assigned initial public offering (IPO) lottery shares are significantly more likely to hold these shares than lottery losers, 1, 6 and even 24 months after the random allocation. This finding persists in samples of highly active investors, suggesting along with additional evidence that this "endowment effect" is not driven by inertia alone. This evidence is consistent with the laboratory literature that documents endowment effects for risky gambles. The second paper, The effect of experience on investor behaviour: Evidence from India's IPO lotteries exploits the randomized allocation of stocks in Indian IPO lotteries to provide new estimates of the causal effect of investment experiences on future investment behaviour. It shows that investors experiencing exogenous gains in IPO stocks (the treatment) are more likely to apply for future IPOs, increase trading in their portfolios, exhibit a stronger disposition effect, and tilt their portfolios towards the sector of the treatment IPO. These effects vary with the size, variability and salience of the gain, and are stronger for smaller and younger investors. However, these effects persist for larger and older investors, suggesting that experiencing gains exerts a powerful force even on sophisticated players in financial markets. The third paper, The effect of subjective life expectancy on financial decisions investigates one potential mechanism by which experiences affect individual financial decisions. It investigates whether exposure to natural disasters and mass shootings influences subjective life expectancy and affect financial decisions. Using data from the United States, the paper shows that being exposed to natural disasters and mass shootings significantly decreases an individual's subjective life expectancy. Further, it shows that such experiences monotonically reduce the share of financial assets in equities and non-government bonds for increasing levels of lifespan optimism. These findings provide evidence for the existence of an expectations channel for personal experiences to affect financial decisions. Taken together, these three studies contribute to the growing body of work on household finance and open the door to further theoretical and empirical research in the field.
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Puenpatom, Rajitkanok. "Effects of Thai healthcare policy on household demand, hospital efficiency and household earnings." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/r_puenpatom_121106.pdf.
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de, Kock Samantha. "Household recycling behaviour in South Africa: Evidence from the 2018 General Household Survey." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32634.
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This paper is an investigation of the determinants of household recycling behaviour in South Africa. Waste generation around the world is growing exponentially. The proportion of South African households who recycle is very low and landfilling is the primary method of waste disposal. This is problematic because landfilling has a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, alternatives to landfilling, like recycling are necessary. Thus, it is important to understand what determines recycling behaviour. A probit regression analysis was carried out using data from the 2018 General Household Survey in order to understand household recycling behaviour. The results of the regression suggest that age, race, province, urban-rural residence, the presence of a radio in the household, and owning a vehicle are significantly correlated with household recycling behaviour (p<.10). Additionally, gender, marital status and household income are also significantly correlated with household recycling behaviour. However, the relationship is weaker (p<.10). Surprisingly, education, employment, dwelling-type, tenure and the presence of a school child in the household have no effect on recycling participation. These results can help policy-makers understand what factors influence recycling behaviour and help them develop and implement effective policies that optimise recycling activity.
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Wong, Po-chun Rosita. "A study of household domestic service : the impact of social changes on property management service in the private housing sector /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21028734.
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Haron, Sharifah Azizah. "Outsourcing household tasks in 1973, 1983 and 1993 among single-mother and married-mother households /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988667.
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Bruksner, Kristin. "Which households hold risky assets? : A study on household investment choices in the United States." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-169828.
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This study uses U.S. data from the Survey of Consumer Finance (SCF) from year 2016 to examine how different characteristics of U.S. households affect the proportion of risky assets held by the household. The proportion of risky assets is calculated as the ratio of risky assets, such as stocks and bonds, to total assets. The SCF data is analyzed with a program in Stata called “scfcombo”, and the method used for the regression analysis is the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The results of this study shows that a larger proportion of risky assets in the household portfolio are associated with a household that has a relatively large income, large net worth, owns a primary residence, and where the head of the household is male, not married, working, white or non-Hispanic, is willing to take on a financial risk, and has an education level of associate- or bachelor’s degree or higher.
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Choi, Pui-chi. "Feasibility assessment of white goods recycling in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34737340.
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Foster, Kevin Matthew. "Modeling median household income distribution." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9217.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: ept. of Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Djebbari, Habiba. "Public intervention and household behavior." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2315.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Jansson, Thomas. "Essays on household portfolio choice." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Finansiell Ekonomi (FI), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-928.
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Kamleitner, Bernadette, Till Mengay, and Erich Kirchler. "Financial decisions in the household." Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5336/1/Financial_decisions_in_the_household_(Kamleitner_et_al._2017).pdf.
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Financial decisions are a frequent occurrence within households. Depending on characteristics of the relationship
between household members, the situation, and the
concrete decision object, decisions can either be made jointly by multiple members of the household or individually by one member.
This chapter outlines the four types of financial decisions (spending, saving and credit use, investment, money management) and identifies key parameters that are specific to and guide each of these decisions. The parameters that matter for a decision vary depending on whether a decision is being made individually or jointly. To understand the theoretical and practical implications of a decision it is, thus,necessary to understand whether or not a decision is being made jointly. We delve into this question by empirically assessing observed parental as well as intended own financial decision profiles; thus capturing possible intergenerational and gender influences. Results show a trend towards joint decisions in a household that appears at odds with increased financial autonomy of the spouses, current marketing communication strategies, and research in the field of financial decision making.
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Chen, Chen. "Canadian household demand for food." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0014/MQ60109.pdf.
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Tas, Derya. "Essays on household portfolio choice." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548329.
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Skimmyhorn, William. "Essays in Behavioral Household Finance." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10233.
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This dissertation investigates some of the factors affecting modern household finance decisions in the United States using natural experimental variation and administrative data. In Chapter 1 I estimate the effects of financial education on retirement savings decisions. Between 2007 and 2008 the U.S. Army implemented a mandatory 8 hour Personal Financial Management Course (PFMC) for new soldiers. Staggered implementation across locations and time provides quasi-experimental variation in whether an individual received the training. I find that the course has large and lasting effects on individual retirement savings in the Thrift Savings Plan, a tax-deferred account similar to a 401(k). The course doubles savings, has significant effects throughout the distribution of savings and the effects persist out to two years. The mechanism for the effects is likely a combination of both human capital and behavioral assistance. In Chapter 2 I estimate the effects of financial education on a variety of other economic behaviors. I rely on the same natural experiment as in Chapter 1 but I use individually matched credit data to estimate the effects of financial education on credit scores, credit balances for several types of accounts, monthly payments and adverse legal actions. In some areas I find that the PFMC has beneficial effects, reducing cumulative account balances (especially for automobile accounts) and aggregate monthly payments. In other areas, including credit scores, the probability of being active in the credit market and the number of adverse legal actions, the PFMC has no statistically significant effects on financial behavior. In Chapter 3 I estimate the effects of stress on financial decision-making. I use the natural variation in the casualty rates faced by individuals deploying overseas an exogenous source of stress and I measure the effects of this stress on individuals' participation in the Savings Deposit Program (SDP), a risk-free 10% annual percentage rate savings account. I find a modest and statistically significant negative relationship between the stress of casualties and SDP participation on the order of 5%. Some failures of the randomization test and the confounding effects of overall activity levels and rural locations cannot be eliminated as a source of the observed savings differences and as a result, these results should be considered suggestive evidence of the adverse effects of stress on financial decision-making.
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Cummins, Ewen. "Risk and the agricultural household." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297755.
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Hyee, Raphaela. "Essays on intra-household distribution." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/3135.
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In the first chapter of this thesis, I develop a model that combines intrahousehold bargaining with competition on the marriage market - once married, spouses bargain over the allocation of total household income. They have the option of divorce and subsequent remarriage; the value of this outside option is determined endogenously on the marriage market. I use this model to analyse the educational choice. When more women than men obtain a university degree, men without degrees benefit; university educated men, however, are not able to translate this change on the marriage market into a significantly larger share of household income. Hence, men's incentive to invest in education decreases if women's educational attainment increases. Even without assuming any heterogeneity in tastes between men and women, equilibria arise in which men and women decide to become educated at different rates. The second chapter shows empirically, that a woman's propensity to separate from her partner depends positively on male wage inequality on her local marriage market - the more heterogeneous potential future mates are in terms of earnings power, the more likely a woman is to end her relationship. This effect is strongest for couples, where one has a college education but the other one does not. The effect is robust to the inclusion of a variety of controls on the individual level, as well as state and time fixed effects and state specific time trends. The third chapter (co-authored with Julio Robledo) develops a two period family decision making model in which spouse bargain over the allocation of individual time and consumption. If inter-temporally binding contracts are not feasible, household time allocation might be inefficient. We compare two threat point specifications, and show that the threat point specification can influence spouses time allocation, not only the distribution of private consumption.
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Repetto, Andrea. "Household saving and factor prices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10117.
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Klein, Sean Patrick. "Household savings and portfolio choice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58182.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three essays that examine household savings and portfolio choice behavior. Chapter One analyses the effects of employer matching contributions and tax incentives on participation and contribution behavior in employer-sponsored 401(k) savings plans. Employer sponsored retirement savings plans consist of several different incentives designed to increase employee savings, including matching contributions, tax deductibility, and tax free compounding. There is a substantial literature on the effects of match rates on retirement savings, but little on the effects of preferential tax treatment. This chapter provides estimates of the impact of employer matching and tax deductibility on retirement savings using a uniquely suited dataset from a large United States Corporation. I estimate that the effect of a one percentage point change in the match rate corresponds to a 0.06 percentage point increase in savings plan participation rates, while a similar one percentage point increase in marginal tax rates increases participation by 1.35 percentage points. Changes in the match rate have an insignificant effect on contribution rates (conditional on participation), though a one percentage point change in marginal tax rates tends to increase contribution rates by 0.16 percentage points. The effects of the match rate and marginal tax rate are transformed into changes in the annualized rate of return of the savings plan and this disparity remains.
(cont.) Finally, these estimates are used to calculate the changes in wealth at retirement due to changes in match rates and marginal tax rates under a variety of parameterizations. Chapter Two examines the trading and contribution behavior of employees participating in the 401(k) plan at a large United States corporation. This corporation offers employer matching contributions in company stock, and employees are prohibited from trading the matching contributions for an extended period. The empirical work details evidence of rebalancing behavior that is impacted by vesting restrictions and within-firm variation in match rates. Employees are between 3 and 7 percentage points more likely to rebalance their retirement portfolio once matching contributions have fully vested, and an additional 6 to 11 percentage points more likely if they face a 100% match rate relative to a 50% match rate. Variation in match rates also leads to changes in composition of employee contributions: increases in the match rate lead to decreases in the amount of company stock that the employee purchases with their own funds. Employees are between 13 and 19 percentage points less likely to contribute their own income to the matched asset and, if they still contribute to company stock, the employee's own-money contributions in company stock fall by between 13 and 18 percentage points. Together, these estimates provide evidence that employee contribution and rebalancing behavior is altered by asset-specific matching contributions and by restrictions on the trade of particular assets.
(cont.) Chapter Three uses data from multiple panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to identify the effect of unemployment insurance benefits on household savings behavior. This chapter extends existing literature on precautionary savings and insurance to allow for the fact that insurance benefits are multi-dimensional, including replacement rates and benefit durations; incorporates additional econometric methods to accommodate the skewness and variation in household savings; allows for heterogeneous savings responses based on the likelihood of the insured risk through a two-step estimation procedure; and by allowing insurance benefits to affect the level and composition of assets by analyzing changes in the composition of the household's portfolio across assets that are likely (or unlikely) to represent precautionary savings. I find suggestive evidence of quantitatively large reductions in precautionary savings behavior in response to variation in both replacement rates and benefit durations, though these results are not statistically distinguishable from zero. The negative effect of benefit increases on savings is magnified for households at greater risk of unemployment, and for the households with below median levels of financial wealth, though again these results are statistically insignificant once standard errors are properly adjusted. These extensions do not provide enough power to detect savings responses to variation in insurance benefits at standard levels of confidence, despite point estimates that represent economically large responses.
by Sean Patrick Klein.
Ph.D.
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Malinge, David. "Optimisation of household waste recovery." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621006.
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Changwony, Frederick Kibon. "Three essays in household finance." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20407.
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This thesis explores the impact of two behavioural finance concepts, social psychology and psychology, on household financial decisions. Under social psychology, I investigate whether the variety and intensity of social engagement enhances stock market participation. With regard to psychology, I examine two behavioural biases. First, I investigate whether mental accounting influences portfolio choice in three asset classes and whether financial advice and housing tenure increase (decrease) the effects of mental accounts on portfolio choice. Second, I examine whether households’ self-reported housing wealth are anchored on published house price indices and whether anchoring bias is mediated by market information, mortgage refinancing decisions and social factors. The main contributions and findings in the three studies are as follows. First, although there is an elaborate body of research concerning the relationship between social engagement mechanisms and portfolio choice, most studies investigate specific mechanisms in isolation. Using three waves in the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), I bring together five social engagement measures in one model and show that socially engaged individuals are more likely to participate in the stock market. Consistent with Granovetter’s (1973) theory of social networks I find that a weak tie (measured by social group involvement) has a positive effect on stock market participation whereas a strong tie (measured by talking to neighbours) has no effect. More trusting individuals are more likely to participate in the stock market, as are those who identify with a political party. In contrast, the degree to which religion is important appears to have little impact. These results are robust using different specifications. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the likelihood of stock market participation increases with the variety and intensity of social engagement. Second, despite the established theoretical underpinnings of mental accounting in behavioural portfolio theory (BPT) and recent extensions, not much is known about their implications in real life situations. I use a recent UK household survey, the Wealth and Assets Survey (WAS), which has comprehensive information about financial assets to investigate whether there are differences in the ownership and portfolio share of three asset classes among individuals who exhibit no mental account, a single mental account and multiple mental accounts, and the conditional influences of financial advice, housing, cognitive ability, time preference and risk tolerance. Overall I find that mental accounting together with financial advice and housing tenure explain variations in both the probability of ownership and portfolio share in the three asset classes. Households that exhibit a single mental account have low share of investments in, and are less likely to own, a risky asset when compared to those that exhibit no mental account or exhibit multiple mental accounts. I also find that, when compared to having no mental account, exhibiting a single mental account or multiple mental accounts increases both the probability and investment share in a fairly safe asset but decreases portfolio share in safe assets. In addition, among those that exhibit a single mental or multiple mental accounts, financial advice decreases portfolio share in risky assets and fairly safe assets and increases portfolio share in safe assets. Housing tenure increases both the probability and portfolio share in risky assets, decreases portfolio share in fairly safe assets and increases portfolio share in safe assets. These results are consistent using multi-equation regressions, sub-samples, reparametrised variables and poisson regressions. Finally, as little is known about how households derive the self-reported house prices estimates that are commonly used to determine housing wealth, the third study examines whether households are anchored on published house price indices. The key conjecture is that, while assessing the values of their homes, homeowners place more weight on house price news at the expense of property characteristics and other market information. I find support for this hypothesis using sixteen waves of the BHPS, multiple methods, and both regional and national house price indices. I conclude that changes in self-reported housing wealth are anchored on changes in published house price indices. Specifically, ownership through a mortgage and greater financial expectations increase anchoring effects while mortgage refinancing decreases the effects. Moreover, use of money raised from refinancing for home investment, as opposed to other consumption purposes, has a positive association with change in self-reported house value and both uses reduce anchoring bias. In addition, I find that computer use increases anchoring bias and, among social engagement mechanisms, religiosity reduces anchoring while other measures have no effect. These results are robust to internal instrumental variables, national aggregate house prices, alternative indices and sub-samples.
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Mirza, Muna Ghulam. "Evaluation of electrical household appliance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695387.
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Dixon, Wallace, and Chelsea Leeann Robertson. "Household CHAOS and Vocabulary Productivity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7697.
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Robertson, Chelsea LeeAnn, and Wallace Dixon. "Household CHAOS and Infant Temperament." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7698.
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Bae, Mikyeong. "Analysis of household spending patterns." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1258664748.
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Chen, Peng. "Household saving and portfolio allocation /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14879457445752.
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