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1

Clark, Robert G., and David G. Steel. "Sampling within households in household surveys." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 170, no. 1 (January 2007): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2006.00434.x.

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Apoorva, R., Durba Biswas, and Veena Srinivasan. "Do household surveys estimate tap water use accurately? Evidence from pressure-sensor based estimates in Coimbatore, India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.127.

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Abstract Quantifying domestic water use at the household scale is crucial for any policy interventions towards ensuring adequate, equitable and safe water access. In developing country contexts, piped water supply is often one of several sources from which households access water and this is often unmetered. The most common approach to quantifying household water use from multiple sources is through household surveys. But there is no evidence that household surveys accurately estimate water use. This study utilized high-resolution pressure-sensor data as a reference to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional household survey methods through a sample of 82 households in Coimbatore city in South India. The pressure sensors produced detailed, continuous and accurate information on all sources of water accessed through the household storage infrastructure, but they were expensive and intrusive. Compared with pressure-sensor derived estimates of tap water use, household surveys alone fared very poorly. However, household surveys and well-designed water diaries of supply and pumping, coupled with simple one-time field measurements, emerged as a valid approach to quantifying household water use from taps under multiple source dependence.
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Sarioglo, V. "25 Years of Experience in Household Sample Surveys in the Official Statistics of Ukraine: Main Assets, Problems, Prospects." Statistics of Ukraine 100, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(100)2023.01.03.

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Since 1998, the state statistics of Ukraine has accumulated a huge experience in organizing and conducting household sample surveys in accordance with international recommendations and standards. Nowadays, the harmonized system of surveys includes the Household Living Conditions Survey, the Labor Force Survey and the Survey of Household Agricultural Activities in rural areas. About 100,000 households are surveyed annually, which represent all private households in various samples of these surveys. A significant number of specialists with the necessary knowledge and skills have been trained in the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (hereinafter - SSSU), territorial bodies of the SSSU. The article considers the main characteristics of the SSSU experience in the field of methodology and practice of organizing and conducting the household sample surveys, collecting and processing surveys’ data, statistical indicators estimation. The strengths and weaknesses of the acquired experience, potential directions for improvement of surveys, risks that may affect the quality of their results in the future, plans for the development of the system of sample surveys and the use of new methods of data collecting and processing are discussed. It is noted that the acquired experience made it possible to approach in 2021 to the development of the basis for introduction of such actual survey in Ukraine as the EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), to foresee the use of new data collection technologies CAPI, CATI and CAWI without any particular problems. At the same time, it is shown that some important methodologies regarding the estimation of indicators based on survey results have not been implemented. It is noted that an urgent problem for the SSSU is the use of "big data" in household surveys, which provides the opportunity of significantly reducing the burden on households during the survey, improving the completeness and timeliness of information about them, reducing costs for survey providing, etc. Such data could provide also estimation of certain important statistical indicators during the war. The risks of an accelerated transition for conducting the state household sample surveys mainly using CATI and CAWI technologies are discussed, related to the possibility of a significant deterioration in the quality of the survey results due to the lack of relevant skills of the SSSU specialists, insufficient level of Internet use by the population, lack of population and household registers with quality data in Ukraine, etc.
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Fiedler, John L. "Food Crop Production, Nutrient Availability, and Nutrient Intakes in Bangladesh: Exploring the Agriculture—Nutrition Nexus with the 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 35, no. 4 (December 2014): 487–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651403500410.

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Background Systematic collection of national agricultural data has been neglected in many low- and middle-income countries for the past 20 years. Commonly conducted nationally representative household surveys collect substantial quantities of highly underutilized food crop production data. Objective To demonstrate the potential usefulness of commonly available household survey databases for analyzing the agriculture—nutrition nexus. Methods Using household data from the 2010 Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, the role and significance of crop selection, area planted, yield, nutrient production, and the disposition of 34 food crops in affecting the adequacy of farming households' nutrient availability and nutrient intake status are explored. The adequacy of each farming household's available energy, vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc and households' apparent intakes and intake adequacies are estimated. Each household's total apparent nutrient intake adequacies are estimated, taking into account the amount of each crop that households consume from their own production, together with food purchased or obtained from other sources. Results Even though rice contains relatively small amounts of micronutrients, has relatively low nutrient density, and is a relatively poor source of nutrients compared with what other crops can produce on a given tract of land, because so much rice is produced in Bangladesh, it is the source of 90% of the total available energy, 85% of the zinc, 67% of the calcium, and 55% of the iron produced by the agricultural sector. The domination of agriculture and diet by rice is a major constraint to improving nutrition in Bangladesh. Simple examples of how minor changes in the five most common cropping patterns could improve farming households' nutritional status are provided. Conclusions Household surveys' agricultural modules can provide a useful tool for better understanding national nutrient production realities and possibilities.
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Babovic, Marija, and Slobodan Cvejic. "Survival strategies of Serbian households." Sociologija 44, no. 2 (2002): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0202097b.

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Concept of household strategies was firstly used in poverty surveys in Africa and Latin America, and lately developed in economic changes surveys in Western developed societies. Connecting the structure and action, macro and micro level of analysis and focusing on households, rather than individual as basic unit of analysis, the concept opened possibilities for better understanding of household economic behavior during social and economic changes. New developments concept experienced in numerous surveys in post-socialist as well as 'post-fordists' societies. The economic household strategies surveys were conducted in Serbia in two waves - in summer of 2000. and autumn of 2002. Comparative analysis of results has not show significant changes in socio-economic position of households. However, changes were evident in the field of action (economic strategies of households and individuals). Decreasing of passive and defensive strategies and increasing of pro-active, particularly working strategies were significant trends from survey.
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Altmann, Kristina, René Bernard, Julia Le Blanc, Enikö Gabor-Toth, Malik Hebbat, Lisa Kothmayr, Tobias Schmidt, Panagiota Tzamourani, Daniel Werner, and Junyi Zhu. "The Panel on Household Finances (PHF) – Microdata on household wealth in Germany." German Economic Review 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 373–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-2019-0122.

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AbstractThe Panel on Household Finances (PHF) has established itself as one of the leading sources of microdata on households’ wealth in Germany since its inception in 2010. Over the last ten years, more than 7,583 households have participated in the surveys in 2010–11, 2014 and 2017, many of them taking part more than once (3,734 households). This paper provides an overview of the contents, main methodological aspects and use of the PHF data. It also highlights differences to other surveys and addresses how the survey may develop in the future.
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7

Lipps, Oliver. "Interviewer Effects on Cooperation during Initial and Refusal Conversion Fieldwork Phases in Telephone Panel Surveys." Field Methods 31, no. 4 (September 11, 2019): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x19874285.

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Specific interviewer characteristics, interviewer continuity, or matching interviewer and household characteristics may increase cooperation, especially for difficult-to-convince households. In face-to-face surveys, unobserved heterogeneity often makes a proper analysis of interviewer effects impossible. Although surveys conducted in telephone centers usually assign households to interviewers at random, there is less research on interviewer effects on cooperation, probably because telephone surveys produce smaller effects. Using data from a large telephone panel survey, I find interviewer effects only for households that refused to participate in a previous wave. Interviewer continuity or matching interviewers and households on sociodemographic variables has weak effects for any type of household. Interviewer experience has positive effects for previously refusing households only. Telephone survey organizations therefore only need to worry about using specially trained interviewers for refusal conversion calls, while specific assignments of interviewers to households are not necessary.
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8

Aitken, C. K., and D. S. Ironmonger. "Household Expenditure Surveys." Australian Economic Review 28, no. 4 (October 1995): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00906.x.

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9

Balanda, Kevin P., Ian T. Ring, Dawn Spinks, Jim Nixon, and W. Robert Pitt. "Reducing Childhood Home Injuries: The Role of Local Home Safety Surveys." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 20, no. 2 (June 1995): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693919502000207.

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Fifty per cent of all childhood injuries, and 75% of those amongst children aged under five years, occur in private homes. In 1989 a random survey of 1050 Brisbane households was conducted to investigate their home injury risk profile and the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of their residents. The survey comprised a personal interview with the householder and a visual assessment of the interior and exterior of the household. This paper summarises key results of the visual assessments and describes community knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding home safety. The paper argues that household home safety surveys are useful and necessary adjuncts to local injury surveillance collections. We give three examples of how they can contribute to the reduction of childhood home injury.
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Murphy, Adrianna, Benjamin Palafox, Jephat Chifamba, Iolanthé M. Kruger, Brian J. Ncube, Tatenda L. Ncube, Sumathy Rangarajan, et al. "Comparing estimates of household expenditures between pictorial diaries and surveys in three low- and middle-income countries." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 4 (April 4, 2023): e0001739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001739.

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In most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), household out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending constitutes a major source of healthcare financing. Household surveys are commonly used to monitor OOP health spending, but are prone to recall bias and unable to capture seasonal variation, and may underestimate expenditure–particularly among households with long-term chronic health conditions. Household expenditure diaries have been developed as an alternative to overcome the limitations of surveys, and pictorial diaries have been proposed where literacy levels may render traditional diary approaches inappropriate. This study compares estimates for general household and chronic healthcare expenditure in South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe derived using survey and pictorial diary approaches. We selected a random sub-sample of 900 households across urban and rural communities participating in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study. For a range of general and health-specific categories, OOP expenditure estimates use cross-sectional survey data collected via standardised questionnaire, and data from these same households collected via two-week pictorial diaries repeated four times over 2016–2019. In all countries, average monthly per capita expenditure on food, non-food/non-health items, health, and consequently, total household expenditure reported by pictorial diaries was consistently higher than that reported by surveys (each p<0.001). Differences were greatest for health expenditure. The share of total household expenditure allocated to health also differed by method, accounting for 2% in each country when using survey data, and from 8–20% when using diary data. Our findings suggest that the choice of data collection method may have significant implications for estimating OOP health spending and the burden it places on households. Despite several practical challenges to their implementation, pictorial diaries offer a method to assess potential bias in surveys or triangulate data from multiple sources. We offer some practical guidance when considering the use of pictorial diaries for estimating household expenditure.
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11

Paterakis, Sophia E., and Michael Nelson. "A comparison between the National Food Survey and the Family Expenditure Survey food expenditure data." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003469.

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AbstractObjective:Household budget surveys (HBSs) have been used to assess nutritional information for epidemiological purposes. The agreement between this information and other comparable data needs to be examined. The aim of this project was to compare household food expenditure data between two British HBSs: the National Food Survey (NFS) and the Family Expenditure Survey (FES).Design:Household food expenditure data were compared between the NFS and the FES for the years from 1982 to 1993. Differences in expenditure were assessed by year, by household composition, by income group and by region; for trends across time for all households and for regional, household composition and income group variations.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Approximately 88 000 NFS households and 85 000 FES households surveyed between 1982 and 1993 were used in this analysis.Results:Marked differences between the food expenditure data provided by the two surveys were observed. Furthermore, differences in time trends were substantial, which can lead to different conclusions regarding changes in consumption patterns.Conclusions:There is no obvious reason for the differences in household food expenditure between the NFS and the FES. Methodological differences between the two surveys cannot provide a full explanation for these discrepancies. The NFS and FES are now merged into a single survey (the Expenditure and Food Survey). If HBSs are to be used for epidemiological purposes their validity needs to be established.
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12

Meyer, Bruce D., Wallace K. C. Mok, and James X. Sullivan. "Household Surveys in Crisis." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.4.199.

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Household surveys, one of the main innovations in social science research of the last century, are threatened by declining accuracy due to reduced cooperation of respondents. While many indicators of survey quality have steadily declined in recent decades, the literature has largely emphasized rising nonresponse rates rather than other potentially more important dimensions to the problem. We divide the problem into rising rates of nonresponse, imputation, and measurement error, documenting the rise in each of these threats to survey quality over the past three decades. A fundamental problem in assessing biases due to these problems in surveys is the lack of a benchmark or measure of truth, leading us to focus on the accuracy of the reporting of government transfers. We provide evidence from aggregate measures of transfer reporting as well as linked microdata. We discuss the relative importance of misreporting of program receipt and conditional amounts of benefits received, as well as some of the conjectured reasons for declining cooperation and for survey errors. We end by discussing ways to reduce the impact of the problem including the increased use of administrative data and the possibilities for combining administrative and survey data.
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13

Scheepers, Debbie, and Bernadene De Clercq. "Disaggregated South African household net wealth: A mixed methods approach." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 9, no. 3 (December 3, 2016): 874–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v9i3.75.

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This article addresses the paucity of disaggregated household net wealth data in South Africa. A mixed methods approach was followed to develop and conduct a country-specific household net wealth measurement survey. A disaggregated household typology of assets and liabilities, based on international net wealth surveys, was developed. Focus group research was employed in the qualitative strand to finalise the survey. In the quantitative strand, disaggregated micro-level data estimates from 2 606 households were collected and the article presents the cursory findings. A comparison is drawn between the survey’s main asset and liability estimates with data estimates presented in the South African Reserve Bank’s household balance sheet. These estimates were constructed from macro-level data estimates and lack information on the disaggregated composition of household net wealth. Furthermore, the conceptual linkages and differences between the micro and macro data estimates are described. The manner in which differences in the concepts, construction methods and potential survey errors contributed to differences between the two sets of data estimates is also indicated. The aim of the research was to contribute to the field of household finances from the perspective of a developing country. Therefore, the process followed to construct and validate the survey instrument and data estimates could assist other developing countries to develop their own surveys. Disaggregated net wealth data estimates could assist policy-makers with the overview and management of a country’s household net wealth.
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Roeske-Słomka, Iwona. "Wydatki na alkohol w gospodarstwach domowych." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2011): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.07-08.3.

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The purpose of the study is to find out, if a social-economic household group and the number of persons in a household have an effect to diversify the alcohol expenses participation in total expenses. The Polish CSO data coming from household budget surveys (1993–2009) were basis of the analysis. The lowest alcohol expenses participation in total expenses was observed in pensioner and, on the second position, in workman households. Relatively, the highest participation was noted in farmers’ and, on the second position, in self-employed’ households. The higher is the number of persons in a household the lower alcohol expenditure share in total household expenditures. The used analysis of variance made possible to state that household’s socio-economic group as well as the household size have an significant statistical effect on alcohol expenditure share in the total expenses of a household.
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Zhang, Panpan, Dan Zhang, and Shengkui Cheng. "The Effect of Consumer Perception on Food Waste Behavior of Urban Households in China." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 5676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145676.

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Food waste has become a global problem, causing widespread concern in all sectors of society. Many scholars and institutions have researched this issue from different perspectives, but theoretical and empirical research on food waste from the perspective of consumer perception is still limited. Therefore, this study constructs a theoretical framework based on food waste behavior of households and empirically analyzes the effect of consumer perception on food waste by 273 Chinese urban households eating at home. The reliable urban household food waste data are based on a combination of household questionnaire surveys, bookkeeping surveys, weighing surveys, and semi-structured interviews in 2018. The survey site is Zhengzhou City in Henan Province. The results show that the higher urban household consumer perception positive index, the smaller the amount of food waste per capita per meal, and the higher urban household consumer perception negative index, the greater the amount of food waste per capita per meal. These results suggest consumer perception affects urban household food waste behavior significantly. We need to encourage consumers to form a joint effort to change consumer perception about food waste in order to reducing food waste.
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., Durr-E.-Nayab, and G. M. Arif. "Pakistan Panel Household Survey: Sample Size and Attrition." Pakistan Development Review 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v53i2pp.223-237.

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The socio-economic databases in Pakistan, as in most countries, can be classified into three broad categories, namely registration-based statistics, data produced by different population censuses and household survey-based data. The registration system of births and deaths in Pakistan has historically been inadequate [Afzal and Ahmed (1974)] and the population censuses have not been carried out regularly. The household surveys such as Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS), Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Household Income Expenditure Survey (HIES) have been periodically conducted since the 1960s. These surveys have filled the data gaps created by the weak registration system and the irregularity in conducting censuses. The data generated by the household surveys have also enabled social scientists to examine a wide range of issues, including natural increase in population, education, employment, poverty, health, nutrition, and housing. All these surveys are, however, cross-sectional in nature so it is not possible to gauge the dynamics of these social and economic processes, for example the transition from school to labour market, movement into or out of poverty, movement of labour from one state of employment to another. A proper understanding of such dynamics requires longitudinal or panel datasets where the same households are visited over time. Since panel surveys are complex and expensive to carry out, they are not as commonly conducted as the cross-sectional surveys anywhere in the world and in Pakistan they are even rarer
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Aitken, C. K., and D. S. Ironmonger. "Household Time Use Surveys." Australian Economic Review 28, no. 4 (October 1995): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1995.tb00907.x.

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18

Ong, Ai Rene, Mengyao Hu, Brady T. West, and John A. Kirlin. "Interviewer effects in food acquisition surveys." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 10 (February 22, 2018): 1781–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018000137.

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AbstractObjectiveTo understand the effects of interviewers on the responses they collect for measures of food security, income and selected survey quality measures (i.e. discrepancy between reported Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) status and administrative data, length of time between initial and final interview, and missing income data) in the US Department of Agriculture’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS).DesignUsing data from FoodAPS, multilevel models with random interviewer effects were fitted to estimate the variance in each outcome measure arising from effects of the interviewers. Covariates describing each household’s socio-economic status, demographics and experience in taking the survey, and interviewer-level experience were included as fixed effects. The variance components in the outcomes due to interviewers were estimated. Outlier interviewers were profiled.SettingNon-institutionalized households in the continental USA (April 2012–January 2013).SubjectsIndividuals (n 14 317) in 4826 households who responded to FoodAPS.ResultsThere was a substantial amount of variability in the distributions of the outcomes examined (i.e. time between initial and final interview, reported values for food security, individual income, missing income) among the FoodAPS interviewers, even after accounting for the fixed effects of the household- and interviewer-level covariates and removing extreme outlier interviewers.ConclusionsInterviewers may introduce error in food acquisition survey data when they are asked to interact with the respondents. Managers of future surveys with similarly complex data collection procedures could consider using multilevel models to adaptively identify and retrain interviewers who have extreme effects on data collection outcomes.
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Trépanier, Martin, and Robert Chapleau. "Analyse orientée-objet et totalement désagrégée des données d'enquêtes ménages origine-destination." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-106.

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Large urban household surveys produce a huge quantity of data, generally processed with database management systems (DBMS). In most cases, data are compiled, aggregated, and then integrated in traditional transportation models. Based on another perspective, the totally disagregate approach (TDA) uses a unified survey data file in which every piece of information is preserved. The data file is used for individual analysis of households, people, and trips. The addition of an object-oriented modeling to the totally disaggregate approach permits the instantiation of survey data into objects. These objects are manipulated along with their properties and methods. New objects are derived from survey declaration and then reused in the process: status, trip generators. The enriched object-model is used for visualization, analysis, and presentation. This widens the possibilities of usage of household survey data.Key words: urban transportation, household surveys, modeling, oriented-object approach.
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20

Gromek, Natalia, and Jolanta Perek-Białas. "Pet goods consumption in Polish households." Econometrics 26, no. 3 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/eada.2022.3.01.

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This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.
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Matheson, Jesse, and Lynn McIntyre. "Women respondents report higher household food insecurity than do men in similar Canadian households." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300116x.

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AbstractObjectiveWe investigated factors accounting for the consistently higher levels of household food insecurity reported by women in Canada.DesignTwo cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey for the years 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 were pooled to examine the association between household food insecurity, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and other metrics, and respondent sex. We stratified households as married/cohabiting (in which case, the household respondent was chosen randomly) or non-married (single/widowed/separated/divorced) and adjusted for differences in household characteristics, including the presence of children.SettingCanada.SubjectsAnalysis was restricted to households dependent on employment/self-employment and whose reported annual household income was below $CAN 100 000. Exclusions included respondents less than 18 years of age, any welfare receipt, and missing food insecurity, marital status, income source and amount, or household composition data.ResultsFor non-married households, increased food insecurity in female-v. male-led households was accounted for by significant differences in household socio-economic characteristics. In contrast, in married/cohabiting households with or without children, higher food insecurity rates were reported when the respondent was female and neither respondent characteristics nor socio-economic factors accounted for the differences.ConclusionsHigher rates of food insecurity in non-married households in Canada are largely attributable to women's socio-economic disadvantage. In married households, women appear to report higher levels of food insecurity than men. These findings suggest a possible bias in the measurement of population-level household food insecurity in surveys that do not account for the sex of the respondent in married/cohabiting households.
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Graber, Jessica E., Douglas Williams, and Jason Clark. "Comparability of in-person and web screening: Does mode affect what households report?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): e0277017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277017.

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Household screening is common when information about characteristics of household members is needed for selection of survey respondents. When key characteristics have a low prevalence, or are oversampled, this can result in a large number of sampled households screened, many of which have no persons selected. For in-person surveys this can be inefficient and costly, especially in an environment of declining response. A multimode design using a mail, push-to-web approach is an attractive alternative due to lower cost and high internet penetration. However, little is known about the comparable data quality properties between in-person and web modes. While in-person screening is considered a gold standard approach, respondents may fail to report household members and interviewers may unintentionally screen out reluctant respondents. Similarly, those self-responding sometimes fail to report unrelated household members or young children. In this study we compared in-person and web screening in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Households were randomly selected to complete a self-administered web screener and subsequently be screened by an interviewer during an in-person visit. We report on the comparability of household characteristics between modes to determine if web screening provides data equivalent to in-person screening. We examine time between the web and in-person screening to see if true change can account for differences. In the presence of conflicting data, we examine selection criteria based on the screening responses to see how inaccuracies affect selection status, or if inaccuracies or person omissions are systematically related to a specific mode. Approximately 93% (80/86) of households agreed on selection status between the web and in-person modes. Household composition matched fully for 84% (72/86) of households. These results indicate that web screening is a viable option enumerating households in population surveys.
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Bokun, Natalia. "Sample surveys of households in Belarus: state and perspectives." Statistics in Transition new series 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.59170/stattrans-2013-006.

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The main principles, characteristics and problems of three sample surveys of households (HH), conducted by the State Statistics of Belarus are considered: 1) The Household Sample Surveys (on expenses and incomes), 2) Private Subsidiary Plots in rural areas (PSP) and 3) Labour Force Survey (LFS). For each of them the purpose, sampling plan, sample design, data collection mode, the methods of estimation and possible ways to improve the surveys are discussed.
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Romanach, Lygia, and Elisha Frederiks. "Understanding the Key Determinants of Residential Firewood Consumption in Australia: A Nationwide Household Survey." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206777.

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A range of energy sources are used by households across the globe, including electricity, gas, solar, and wood. While there is a large body of international research aimed at understanding household energy use in general, very few studies have focused on the specific topic of residential firewood consumption. In Australia, empirical research to investigate and quantify residential firewood consumption is scarce and outdated, despite the importance of such research for better understanding overall household energy costs and carbon emissions. Unlike other power sources, such as electricity, gas and solar, firewood consumption is not systematically monitored or measured in an objective way, thereby making it difficult to obtain accurate data on the amount of firewood consumed in the residential sector. To address this data gap, the current study used survey data from a sample of 4844 households (including 1168 firewood users) to explore what socio-demographic, dwelling-related and behavioural factors were important for predicting the amount of firewood consumed by Australian households. The results revealed that a range of variables—including geographical location, dwelling type, the number of wood-fired appliances per household, and behavioural factors such as the purpose, timing, frequency, and duration of firewood use—were key determinants of residential firewood consumption in Australia, as self-reported by households. Together, these findings underscore the value of measuring not only geographical and location-based factors in household surveys, but also a range of socio-demographic, dwelling-related, and behavioural variables. By doing so, self-report data collected through surveys is likely to better predict the amount of residential firewood consumption reported (or estimated) by households. Overall, this study makes an important and timely contribution to the literature by demonstrating how social science methods such as household surveys can help improve current estimates of residential firewood consumption used to inform government policy, planning, and decision-making for the future.
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FRAVAL, SIMON, JAMES HAMMOND, JANNIKE WICHERN, SIMON J. OOSTING, IMKE J. M. DE BOER, NILS TEUFEL, MATS LANNERSTAD, et al. "MAKING THE MOST OF IMPERFECT DATA: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF STANDARD INFORMATION COLLECTED IN FARM HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 230–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479718000388.

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SUMMARYHousehold surveys are one of the most commonly used tools for generating insight into rural communities. Despite their prevalence, few studies comprehensively evaluate the quality of data derived from farm household surveys. We critically evaluated a series of standard reported values and indicators that are captured in multiple farm household surveys, and then quantified their credibility, consistency and, thus, their reliability. Surprisingly, even variables which might be considered ‘easy to estimate’ had instances of non-credible observations. In addition, measurements of maize yields and land owned were found to be less reliable than other stationary variables. This lack of reliability has implications for monitoring food security status, poverty status and the land productivity of households. Despite this rather bleak picture, our analysis also shows that if the same farm households are followed over time, the sample sizes needed to detect substantial changes are in the order of hundreds of surveys, and not in the thousands. Our research highlights the value of targeted and systematised household surveys and the importance of ongoing efforts to improve data quality. Improvements must be based on the foundations of robust survey design, transparency of experimental design and effective training. The quality and usability of such data can be further enhanced by improving coordination between agencies, incorporating mixed modes of data collection and continuing systematic validation programmes.
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Oksinenko, V. G. "Experience in Using Sample Surveys in Assessing the Prerequisites for Emigration to Russia (On the example of the Republic of Armenia)." Voprosy statistiki 29, no. 5 (November 3, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2022-29-5-61-71.

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The purpose of this work is to examine the characteristics of households in the Republic of Armenia that send migrants to Russia compared with households that do not have migrants or that are not in Russia. The author used data from the sample survey – the Household’s Integrated Living Conditions Survey in the Republic of Armenia. The relevance of the study is emphasized, in particular, in connection with Armenia's accession to the EAEU and the creation of a single labor market.The article focuses on the survey programme, which includes questions that allow to characterize households by various parameters (in particular by household size, average per capita income, level of education, proportion of women, children and elderly in a household, migration component).The paper analyses households included in the survey (with household members who emigrated to the Russian Federation). Comparing this group with households without migrants or with migrants in other countries and regions shows that Russia is mainly chosen by labor migrants from households that live in rural areas, have a relatively small proportion of children, women, and the elderly. At the same time, such households are more numerous, the age of their heads is within the limits of the senior working age, and the proportion of working members is higher than in other households. Statistical analysis based on the data of the sample survey under consideration suggests that emigration to Russia is chosen mainly by households with a relatively low level of financial well-being. Thus, for a certain part of Armenian households, participation in labor migration to Russia is, in their opinion, a keyway to obtain a livelihood or an opportunity to increase the level of financial well-being of the entire household.
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Ramesh, Rohan Michael, William E. Oswald, Gideon John Israel, Kumudha Aruldas, Sean Galagan, Hugo Legge, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan, Judd Walson, Katherine E. Halliday, and Sitara S. R. Ajjampur. "Representativeness of a mobile phone-based coverage evaluation survey following mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths: a comparison of participation between two cross-sectional surveys." BMJ Open 13, no. 10 (October 2023): e070077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070077.

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ObjectivesWith increasing mobile phone subscriptions, phone-based surveys are gaining popularity with public health programmes. Despite advantages, systematic exclusion of participants may limit representativeness. Similar to control programmes for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), the DeWorm3 trial of biannual community-wide mass drug administration (MDA) for elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection used in-person coverage evaluation surveys to measure the proportion of the at-risk population treated during MDA. Due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, a phone-based coverage evaluation survey was necessary, providing an opportunity for the current study to compare representativeness and implementation (including non-response) of these two survey modes.DesignComparison of two cross-sectional surveys.SettingThe DeWorm3 trial site in Tamil Nadu, India, includes Timiri, a rural subsite, and Jawadhu Hills, a hilly, hard-to-reach subsite inhabited predominantly by a tribal population.ParticipantsIn the phone-based and in-person coverage evaluation surveys, all individuals residing in 2000 randomly selected households (50 in each of the 40 trial clusters) were eligible to participate. Here, we characterise household participation.ResultsOf 2000 households, 1780 (89.0%) participated during the in-person survey. Of 2000 households selected for the phone survey, 346 (17.3%) could not be contacted as they had not provided a telephone number during the census and 1144 (57.2%) participated. Smaller households, households with lower socioeconomic status and those with older, women or less educated household-heads were under-represented in the phone-based survey compared with censused households. Regression analysis revealed non-response in the phone-based survey was higher among households from the poorest socioeconomic quintile (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.7) and lower when heads of households had completed secondary school or higher education (PR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8).ConclusionsOur findings suggest phone-based surveys under-represent households likely to be at higher risk of NTDs and in-person surveys are more appropriate for measuring MDA coverage within programmatic settings.Trial registration numberNCT03014167.
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Enriquez, Diana, and Adam Goldstein. "COVID-19’s Socioeconomic Impact on Low-Income Benefit Recipients: Early Evidence from Tracking Surveys." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312097079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120970794.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced manifold dislocations in Americans’ lives. Using novel survey data samples of Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients and U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey data, the authors examine the incidence of COVID-19-induced hardships among low-income/benefits-eligible households during the early months of the crisis. Five repeated online surveys of SNAP recipients measured perceived and realized housing insecurity, food scarcity, new debt accrual, and recent job loss. These data were supplemented by creating parallel measures among all low-income households from Household Pulse Survey. Food insecurity and debt accrual grew more prevalent between from April to June 2020, and job losses compounded. Although the magnitude of racial differences varies across indicators and data sources, black respondents fared consistently worse than non-Hispanic whites in both survey data sets, and Latinx respondents fared worse than whites in the Household Pulse Survey. These results provide early systematic evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on poor Americans and racial disparities therein.
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Acerenza, Santiago, and Néstor Gandelman. "Household Education Spending in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evidence from Income and Expenditure Surveys." Education Finance and Policy 14, no. 1 (January 2019): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00241.

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This paper characterizes household spending in education using microdata from income and expenditure surveys for twelve Latin American and Caribbean countries and the United States. Bahamas, Chile, and Mexico have the highest household spending in education and Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay have the lowest. Tertiary education is the most important form of spending, and most educational spending is performed for 18- to 23-year-old individuals. More educated and wealthier household heads spend more in the education of household members. Households with both parents present and those with a female main income provider spend more than their counterparts. Urban households also spend more than rural households. On average, education in Latin America and the Caribbean is a luxury good, whereas it may be a necessity in the United States. No gender bias is found in primary education, but at secondary school age and up households invest more in females than in males.
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Anderson, Heather, Elizabeth A. Wood, Agata Kowalewska, Nargiza Ludgate, and Sarah McKune. "Household remoteness and patterns of food production and consumption in Tajikistan." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 07–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.01.2373.

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Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are significant public health problems in the Central Asian country of Tajikistan, with over 26% of children under age 5 being stunted and 30% being anemic. The Khatlon Province is the country’s largest agricultural area where people are often dependent on home gardens to ensure food security. The proximity of households to resources such as markets, roads, and infrastructure can affect food availability, diets, and diversity of agricultural products for consumption. This study aims to evaluate whether the remoteness of a household affects the production, consumption, and acquisition of specific crops among households in Khatlon Province, Tajikistan. A remote household was defined as one that is distant from markets and the main center of population, difficult to travel to, and has limited resources. This cross-sectional study used a household survey and focus groups to measure crop production, consumption, and food acquisition. Household surveys were administered to 107 households in six Khatlon districts and 15 focus groups were conducted in various rural villages within Khatlon. Data was analyzed using a two-sample t-test for the household surveys and NVivo software for capturing major themes within the focus groups. Results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference when comparing households for remoteness in regard to crop production, frequency of consumption, and acquisition. Frequency of food consumption was similar when comparing remoteness but significantly decreased among all households when the crop was not in season. Programs that increase agricultural knowledge about production and extended growing season are extremely beneficial to improve nutrition in these vulnerable households. Additionally, gender-related concerns were discovered within the qualitative data such as the double burden of working to maintain crops as well as managing a household. Therefore, interventions based around agricultural production and acquisition should target women.
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Bricka, Stacey, Johanna Zmud, Jean Wolf, and Joel Freedman. "Household Travel Surveys with GPS." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2105, no. 1 (January 2009): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2105-07.

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Ziegel, Eric R., Robert M. Groves, and Mick P. Couper. "Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys." Technometrics 41, no. 4 (November 1999): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1271375.

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Alba, Sandra, Franz Wong, and Yngve Bråten. "Gender matters in household surveys." Significance 16, no. 6 (November 21, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2019.01340.x.

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Hurd, Michael D. "Subjective Probabilities in Household Surveys." Annual Review of Economics 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2009): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.economics.050708.142955.

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Warschburger, Sabine. "Nonresponse in household interview surveys." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 30, no. 4 (June 1999): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9473(99)90024-5.

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Vaidyanathan, A. "Household consumption surveys in India." Économie appliquée 47, no. 2 (1994): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.1994.1516.

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First is shown how PC. Mahalanobis launched empirical studies after Indépendance before building framework for a national statistical system in India and how he monitored its development during the seventies. The story of the famous «National Sample Surveys» is reported. Before discussing the quality of data worked out by this system, the author displays the main studies which have followed this involvement into issuing data.
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Olson, Kristen, Mathew Stange, and Jolene Smyth. "Assessing Within-Household Selection Methods in Household Mail Surveys." Public Opinion Quarterly 78, no. 3 (2014): 656–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfu022.

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Salo, Matt T. "Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys:Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys." American Anthropologist 101, no. 3 (September 1999): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.3.699.

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39

Roth, Shelley, Andrew Caporaso, and Jill DeMatteis. "Variables appended to ABS frames: Has their data quality improved?" PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): e0269110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269110.

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Address based sampling (ABS) has become current state-of-the-art methodology for conducting household surveys by mail, telephone or web in the United States. One potential advantage of ABS frames is that additional information about the sampled households can be appended and leveraged for data collection and analytic purposes. The appended data come from many sources and are of variable quality and completeness. The goals of this research were to evaluate data quality of demographic and socioeconomic variables provided for recent ABS samples from one vendor, and to examine their potential usefulness for sample design, including oversampling. We report on the completeness of the appended data as well as their concordance with data reported by respondents to two recent large ABS household surveys, one that invited households to complete the survey online and another that was mail only. Based on the quality assessment, we also examine the utility of the appended variables for oversampling. Our general conclusions are that the quality of select appended variables has improved such that the Hispanic origin, Hispanic surname, and presence of age group 65+ variables may be used to efficiently oversample these subgroups. However, this is not the case for oversampling other subgroups through appended variables for home tenure; those with head of household whose educational attainment is high school or less; low income households; households with children; presence of age groups 18–24, 25–34, and 35–64; or households based on the number of adults in the household.
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Hegde, Ravi, Gary Q. Bull, Sven Wunder, and Robert A. Kozak. "Household participation in a Payments for Environmental Services programme: the Nhambita Forest Carbon Project (Mozambique)." Environment and Development Economics 20, no. 5 (September 30, 2014): 611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x14000631.

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AbstractQuantitative research on household participation in the Payments for Environmental Services (PES) programme remains scarce. This paper aims to determine the key factors influencing household participation in a PES programme in Mozambique. Questionnaire-based quarterly surveys were conducted with 290 randomly selected households. We used the instrumental variables technique to identify the factors influencing household participation. The instrumental variables used for forest dependence were: household head born in the village, duration of residence of the household head in the village, ethnicity of the household head, business ownership of the household head and off-farm income of the household. The results show that education of household head and households' trust towards community members positively influenced household participation in PES, while forest dependence influenced it negatively. Future PES projects may thus need to focus more on developing social capital and the resource dependence of households.
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Kuwawenaruwa, August, Kaspar Wyss, Karin Wiedenmayer, Emmy Metta, and Fabrizio Tediosi. "The effects of medicines availability and stock-outs on household’s utilization of healthcare services in Dodoma region, Tanzania." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 3 (January 13, 2020): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz173.

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Abstract Low- and middle-income countries have been undertaking health finance reforms to address shortages of medicines. However, data are lacking on how medicine availability and stock-outs influence access to health services in Tanzania. The current study assesses the effects of medicine availability and stock-outs on healthcare utilization in Dodoma region, Tanzania. We conducted a cross-sectional study that combined information from households and healthcare facility surveys. A total of 4 hospitals and 89 public primary health facilities were surveyed. The facility surveys included observation, record review over a 3-month period prior to survey date, and interviews with key staff. In addition, 1237 households within the health facility catchment areas were interviewed. Data from the facility survey were linked with data from the household survey. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regressions models were used to assess the effects of medicine availability and stock-outs on utilization patterns and to identify additional household-level factors associated with health service utilization. Eighteen medicines were selected as ‘tracers’ to assess availability more generally, and these were continuously available in ∼70% of the time in facilities across all districts over 3 months of review. The main analysis showed that household’s healthcare utilization was positively and significantly associated with continuous availability of all essential medicines for the surveyed facilities [odds ratio (OR) 3.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–12.04; P = 0.047]. Healthcare utilization was positively associated with household membership in the community health insurance funds (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.23–3.17; P = 0.005) and exposure to healthcare education (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.84–4.08; P = 0.000). These results highlight the importance of medicine availability in promoting access to health services in low-income settings. Effective planning and medicine supply management from national to health facility level is an important component of quality health services.
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Swer, Charlene May. "Credit Participation among Rural Households in North Eastern India with special reference to Meghalaya." Spectrum: Humanities, Social Sciences and Management 7, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54290/spectrum/2020.v7.2.0004.

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This study is an attempt to examine the status of credit participation among rural households in NER and Meghalaya by using data sources from national surveys like All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS) as well as primary data collected from Meghalaya. These surveys report that the majority of rural households in NER are indebted to institutional sources, mostly banks. Another main finding of the study is that there has been a reduction in the importance of non-institutional sources of credit in the states of the region except in Manipur. Money lenders do not occupy an important place in the rural credit markets of NER as compared to the importance of this source at the national level. Rural and agricultural households of the region have instead relied heavily on friends and relatives for disbursement of credit. In Meghalaya, the rate of participation in rural credit markets is quite low, reasons being lack of awareness and apprehension towards debt. However, household characteristics like gender of head of household, education level of the spouse, main occupation of the household, asset ownership, having a bank account and being a member of any social organization are factors that have been found to be associated with credit participation among rural households in the state.
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Pérez-Cueto, F. J. Armando, Androniki Naska, Javier Monterrey, Magaly Almanza-Lopez, Antonia Trichopoulou, and Patrick Kolsteren. "Monitoring food and nutrient availability in a nationally representative sample of Bolivian households." British Journal of Nutrition 95, no. 3 (March 2006): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051661.

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The study objective was to estimate food and nutrient availability in Bolivian households using data from the nationally representative under the Programme for the household surveys undertaken yearly from 1999 to 2002 Improvement of Surveys and the Measurement of Living Conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean (MECOVI). In the present study, we analysed data from four repeated, cross-sectional surveys and applied European Data Food Networking (DAFNE) methodology for post-harmonising the data. Raw data of 19 483 households in Bolivia (3035 in 1999, 4857 in 2000, 5845 in 2001 and 5746 in 2002) were retrieved from the databases of the national household surveys. Results showed that the Bolivian diet is characterised by higher availability of foods of plant origin (cereals, fruits, potatoes and vegetables). Meat, milk and their products follow in the dietary preferences of Bolivians. Disparities in food availability within the country were also observed. Rural households systematically recorded lower amounts of food available, in comparison with the urban ones. Households of higher social status recorded higher availability values for all food groups, except for potatoes and cereals. Findings suggest that Bolivian households of lower socio-economic status prefer energy-dense and cheaper food sources. We concluded the dietary and socio-demographic data collected in the MECOVI household surveys could serve nutrition surveillance purposes. In addition, the application of DAFNE methodology for post-harmonising the data allows both national and international comparisons.
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Langlois, Breanne K., Leah Beaulac, Katherine Berry, Oyedolapo Anyanwu, Ryan B. Simpson, Aris Ismanto, Magaly Koch, Erin Coughlan de Perez, Timothy Griffin, and Elena N. Naumova. "Household Flood Severity and Migration Extent in Central Java: Analysis of the Indonesian Family Life Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 5706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095706.

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Central Java, Indonesia, is prone to river and coastal flooding due to climate changes and geological factors. Migration is one possible adaptation to flooding, but research is limited due to lack of longitudinal spatially granular datasets on migration and metrics to identify flood-affected households. The available literature indicates social and economic barriers may limit mobility from flood prone areas. The Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) provides self-reported data on household experiences with natural disasters among 1501 Central Java households followed over two waves (2007 and 2014). We examined how the severity of flooding, defined by household-level impacts captured by the IFLS (death, injury, financial loss, or relocation of a household member), influenced the extent of household movement in Central Java using a generalized ordered logit/partial proportional odds model. Households severely impacted by floods had 75% lower odds of moving farther away compared to those that did not experience floods. The most severely impacted households may be staying within flood-affected areas in Central Java. Public health, nutrition, and economic surveys should include modules focused on household experiences, impacts, and adaptations to facilitate the study of how climate changes are impacting these outcomes.
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Ogle, Jennifer, Randall Guensler, and Vetri Elango. "Georgia's Commute Atlanta Value Pricing Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1931, no. 1 (January 2005): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193100104.

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The Commute Atlanta program is an instrumented vehicle research program funded by the FHWA Value Pricing Program and the Georgia Department of Transportation. A major objective for the multiyear program is to assess the effects of converting fixed automotive costs into variable driving costs. The main research hypothesis is that given a per mile pricing system, participants will modify their driving patterns in an effort to reduce their total costs, pocketing the savings. The Commute Atlanta project includes the parallel collection of instrumented vehicle data, household sociodemographic surveys, 2-day travel diaries, and employer commute options surveys. The research team will monitor the changes in driving patterns and will use statistical analyses of household characteristics, vehicle travel, and relevant employer survey data to examine the relationships between the incentives offered and subsequent travel behavior changes. This paper focuses on the recruitment methods and travel diary response rates for the 2-day diary surveys conducted in February and March 2004. As in other instrumented vehicle studies, researchers collected data that allow the comparison of reported diary travel with monitored vehicle travel. However, this paper focuses on a new type of comparison. Because the households had been recruited into the study 8 months before the diary study and their vehicles were transmitting activity data, the research team could examine whether there were differences in household vehicle activity between that 77% of households that completed the diary data collection and the 23% that did not. The differences were significant at both the high and low ends of the travel-reporting spectrum and may have some major implications for evolving household travel survey methods.
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Gibbons, Damon. "Unsustainable Household Debt: Problems of Measurement." Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.89.1.101.

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Summary: In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, a significant research effort has been made to better understand the links between household debt levels, financial stability risks, and the ongoing implications of the ‘debt overhang’ for economic growth. However, accurately measuring the household debt burden remains problematic. Aggregate measures of household indebtedness (e. g. household liabilities relative to income) fail to fully capture the debt servicing burdens of households, particularly in periods when real incomes are declining (as has been the case in the UK in recent years). They also provide no insight into the distribution of debt burdens, which may be important for both future financial stability and economic growth. We attempt to address this problem by combining a new analysis of aggregate data with insights gleaned from household debt surveys. We first construct a new measure of debt interest payments as a percentage of the overall household surplus from the aggregate data. This indicates a significant increase in household debt burdens between 2016 and 2018. We test the validity of this measure by analysing household debt surveys over the period, and report on the most affected households. The findings support a case for a lowering of the thresholds used in official measures of financial vulnerability and over-indebtedness and for greater impetus in policymaking to relieve the financial pressures of households in debt.
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Harriden, K. "Water Diaries: generate intra-household water use data – generate water use behaviour change." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.015.

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With the current ‘water crisis’ essentially a crisis in water management, the need to clearly understand domestic water use is critical. In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the need to manage demand in all water sectors. However, demand mechanics at the intra-household scale are not well understood, with many utilities adopting a ‘command and control’ mentality rather than engaging with household water users, their water use knowledge and behaviours. This paper describes the Water Diary, a method to generate intra-household water use data, as a tool to promote water use behaviour change through sensitising users to their water behaviours and practices. Anecdotal evidence, of participants' increased water use sensitisation encouraging behaviour change, received following each of three Water Diary surveys (2007–2009), was quantified in 2010 with questionnaires and interviews of 40% of households that participated in the Water Diary surveys. The interviews revealed only three households did not become more aware of their water use and all but four recorded water use behaviour change, consequent to Water Diary participation. Requiring a high level of householder participation, water diary keeping can sensitise householders to their water use, to the point of enduring behaviour change.
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Claro, Rafael Moreira, Renata Bertazzi Levy, Daniel Henrique Bandoni, and Lenise Mondini. "Per capita versus adult-equivalent estimates of calorie availability in household budget surveys." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 26, no. 11 (November 2010): 2188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2010001100020.

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This study aims to estimate an adult-equivalent scale for calorie requirements and to determine the differences between adult-equivalent and per capita measurements of calorie availability in the Brazilian population. The study used data from the 2002-2003 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. The calorie requirement for a reference adult individual was based on the mean requirements for adult males and females (2,550kcal/day). The conversion factors were defined as the ratios between the calorie requirements for each age group and gender and that of the reference adult. The adult-equivalent calorie availability levels were higher than the per capita levels, with the largest differences in rural and low-income households. Differences in household calorie availability varied from 22kcal/day (households with adults and an adolescent) to 428kcal/day (households with elderly individuals), thus showing that per capital measurements can underestimate the real calorie availability, since they overlook differences in household composition.
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Chakraborty, Robin, Ilja Kristian Kavonius, Sébastien Pérez-Duarte, and Philip Vermeulen. "Is the Top Tail of the Wealth Distribution the Missing Link between the Household Finance and Consumption Survey and National Accounts?" Journal of Official Statistics 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2019-0003.

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Abstract The financial accounts of the household sector within the system of national accounts report the aggregate asset holdings and liabilities of all households within a country. In principle, when household wealth surveys are explicitly designed to be representative of all households, aggregating these microdata should correspond to the macro-aggregates. In practice, however, differences are large. We first discuss conceptual and generic differences between those two sources of data. Thereafter, we investigate missing top tail observation from wealth surveys as a source of discrepancy. By fitting a Pareto distribution to the upper tail, we provide an estimate of how much of the gap between the micro- and macrodata is caused by the underestimation of the top tail of the wealth distribution. Conceptual and generic differences, as well as missing top tail observations, explain part of the gap between financial accounts and survey aggregates.
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RODRÍGUEZ-MEZA, JORGE, DOUGLAS SOUTHGATE, and CLAUDIO GONZÁLEZ-VEGA. "Rural poverty, household responses to shocks, and agricultural land use: panel results for El Salvador." Environment and Development Economics 9, no. 2 (April 2, 2004): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x03001244.

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This paper addresses factors influencing agricultural land use in rural households in El Salvador, with particular attention paid to the effects of income. Two linkages between the area a household farms and income per capita are critical. First, there is a precautionary demand for land that can be used for subsistence agriculture and this demand declines as income rises. Second, the area a household is able to farm goes up as income increases. Together, these two linkages imply that the relationship between agricultural land use and per capita income takes the shape of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC).Using panel data collected since 1995 in four biennial surveys of a nationally representative sample of rural households, we have analyzed agricultural land use at the household level. Evidence of an EKC relating farmed area to per capita income has been obtained. In addition, other factors influencing a household's use of natural resources have been examined.
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