Journal articles on the topic 'Household strategie'
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Loktionová, Světlana, Drahoslava Kšandová, and Tereza Hejzlarová. "Sociální a ekonomické strategie života městských domácností v Kyrgyzstánu." HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2022.7.
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The dissolution of the USSR and the transition from a planned to a market economy gave rise to significant changes across all areas of people’s daily lives in Kyrgyzstan. These processes have influenced its social institutions through an effect on household survival strategies. The purpose of this article is to identify differences and similarities in the means of survival chosen by Kyrgyz and Russian households. Employment, income, and expenses are important components of budget planning that affect the saving behaviour of household members. A qualitative method – a semi-structured interview – along with statistical data, was used to identify differences and similarities in the behaviour of Kyrgyz and Russian households, especially regarding their attitude to loans and social networks. The findings highlight the attitudes of different generations of households in contrasting cultural settings to these components.
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Khusaini, Mohamad, Ferry Prasetyia, and Yennie Dwi Rozanti. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.05.
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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Rozanti, Yennie Dwi, Mohamad Khusaini, and Ferry Prasetyia. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2021.009.02.5.
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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Thomas, Barbara P. "Household strategies for adaptation and change: participation in Kenyan rural women’s associations." Africa 58, no. 4 (October 1988): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160349.
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Opening ParagraphRecent literature on Third World households suggests that the household is a critical unit of analysis in decision-making and economic organisation for development (Smith, Wallerstein and Evers, 1984; Netting, Wilk and Arnould, 1984). Increasingly, this literature is addressing intra-household behaviour, the ways in which households relate to other institutions and the degree to which they are autonomous or embedded in more comprehensive social structures (Guyer and Peters, 1984; Folbre, 1985; Moock, 1986). Indeed, the household focus requires not only close examination of the household's internal dynamics, but also its external context. That context includes the physical setting, international as well as national political and economic structures, and the local political economic and social systems.
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Lowsky, David J., Donald K. K. Lee, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Health Savings Accounts: Consumer Contribution Strategies and Policy Implications." MDM Policy & Practice 3, no. 2 (July 2018): 238146831880937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318809373.
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Background. Health savings accounts (HSAs) are tax-advantaged savings accounts available only to households with high-deductible health insurance. This article provides initial answers to two questions: 1) How should a household budget for its annual HSA contributions? 2) Do current contribution limits provide households with the flexibility to use HSAs efficiently? To answer these questions, we formulate the household’s problem as one of determining a contribution strategy for minimizing total expected discounted medical costs. Methods. We use the 2002–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to develop a novel data-driven model for forecasting a household’s health care costs based on its current cost percentile and other characteristics. A dynamic policy, in which the contribution each year brings the HSA balance up to a household-specific threshold, is derived. This is compared to a simpler static policy in which the target HSA balance is simply the plan’s out-of-pocket maximum, with contributions in any year capped by a limit. Results. We find that: 1) the dynamic policy can save a household up to 19% in costs compared to the static one that is a proxy for typical contribution behavior; and 2) the recommended contribution amounts for 9% to 11% of households in a given year materially exceed what is currently allowed by the federal government. Conclusions. The dynamic policy derived from our data-analytic framework is able to unlock significant tax savings for health care consumers. To allow all households to use HSAs in a tax-efficient manner, a two-tiered contribution policy is needed: Allow unlimited contributions up to some balance, and then impose restrictions thereafter. The resulting impact on overall tax receipts is estimated to be well below what is currently allowed by legislation.
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Asmare, Fissha, Hailemariam Teklewold, and Alemu Mekonnen. "The effect of climate change adaptation strategy on farm households welfare in the Nile basin of Ethiopia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2017-0192.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of crop diversification (CD), as a climate change adaptation strategy, on farm household’s welfare in terms of farm income and demand for labor. It explores whether adoption of CD is a win-win strategy on household income and demand for on-farm labor. It also examines the determinants of rural household’s net farm income and family labor demand. Design/methodology/approach A household-plot level data were collected in 2015 from 929 rural farm households and 4,778 plots in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The data comprise farm and household characteristics accompanied by geo-referenced climate data such as long-term average temperature and amount and variability of growing season rainfall. The authors estimate an endogenous switching regression model to measure the effect of CD on the farm household’s welfare, using net farm income and household labor demand as a welfare indicator. Findings The results indicate heterogeneous effects of climate variables on farm income between adopters and non-adopters of CD. The study also confirms the win-win effect of adoption of CD with a positive and significant effect on farm income and a reduction in demand for on-farm labor. The results suggest that adoption of CD helps improve the well-being of farm households and build a resilient agricultural system. Research limitations/implications As the study used a cross-sectional data, it is limited to show the time effect of practicing CD on the household’s welfare. Originality/value First, the authors investigate, to their knowledge for the first time, the existence of synergy or tradeoff in the effect of CD on two dimensions of rural households’ welfare (net farm income and labor demand). Second, they investigate the heterogeneous effect of climate change adaptation strategies on the farm household’s welfare between adopters and non-adopters. This is unlike previous studies that consider climate change adaptation strategies as having a homogeneous effect. However, this approach is inappropriate since the effect of adaptation strategies is different for adopters and non-adopters.
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Bakeri, Nur Arina, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Nur Syaqiera Mansor, Wan Ying Gan, and Seok Kwan Tan. "Socio-economic Status, Food Security Status and its Coping Strategies among ‘The Lost Food Project’ (TLFP) Recipients in Klang Valley during COVID-19 Pandemic." JANUARY 2023 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.1.12.
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Introduction: The Lost Food Project (TLFP) is a non-profit organization who continuously working on their strategic plan in combating the food insecurity problem by distributing food surplus to low income households within Klang Valley. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the socioeconomic status, food security status and its coping strategies among TLFP recipients in Klang Valley during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted from April to June 2021. There were 88 respondents recruited through convenience sampling. A set of questionnaires regarding food assistance, nutrition knowledge, food security and its coping strategies was prepared, and the respondents were interviewed either by phone, face-to-face or self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity among households in this study was 59.1%. Most of them have moderate (37.5%) to good (27.5%) nutrition knowledge. The coping strategy that most of the respondents applied was ‘using less expensive food’ (58.3%) with at least once per week within the past one month. Food insecure households tend to adopt more coping strategies compared to those food secure households (p<0.001). Moreover, households who rent their house (p<0.01), low household income (p<0.05) and high monthly food and drinks expenditure (p<0.01) were associated with the food insecurity among TLFP recipients. Conclusion: The study concluded that lower household income, higher food and drinks expenditure and those who rent the house have negative impacts on household’s food security status. Thus, the situation forced them to apply more food-related coping strategies in their daily life. Further research should be conducted on the effectiveness of TLFP in helping them to improve Malaysian’s food security status.
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Suhendi, Riky Novalia, Budhi Gunawan, and Teguh Husodo. "Livelihood Resilience of Households Affected by The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower Development Project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1211, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1211/1/012007.
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Abstract This article examines the impact of the large-scale Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower (UCPSH) development project, in West Java, Indonesia on household livelihoods. The process of land acquisition and resettlement has taken away land-based resources that are the source of livelihood for households in 4 villages around the project. This article discusses how the resilience of household livelihoods occurs 5 years after land acquisition and resettlement. This study was conducted by interviewing 134 households affected by land acquisition and resettlement living in the vicinity of the UCPSH project site. The level of severity is studied to see how the household can respond to disturbances. Livelihood resilience in affected households occurs when the household’s livelihood system can absorb disturbances, then responds by re-establishing livelihood capital and assets. Livelihood strategies are carried out based on the capacity possessed to maintain and improve the quality of life. As a result, there are two livelihood strategies carried out by the affected households, the agricultural intensification strategy has improved 9% of living conditions and the livelihood diversification strategy has improved 2.5% of living conditions.
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Salam, Shakila, Siegfried Bauer, and Md Salauddin Palash. "Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40666.
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Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019
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Mondal, Md Sanaul Haque, Takehiko Murayama, and Shigeo Nishikizawa. "Determinants of Household-Level Coping Strategies and Recoveries from Riverine Flood Disasters: Empirical Evidence from the Right Bank of Teesta River, Bangladesh." Climate 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9010004.
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Although recurrent floods cause detrimental impact for the people living in riverine floodplains, households are taking up various risks management strategies to deal with them. This paper examined household’s post-disaster coping strategies to respond and recover from riverine floods in 2017. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 377 households from the right bank of Teesta River in Bangladesh. Households employed different coping strategies including borrowing money, assets disposal, consumption reduction, temporary migration, and grants from external sources, to cope with flood. Results from logistic regression models suggested that increasing severity of flood reduced households’ consumption. Exposed households were more likely to borrow money. Consumption reduction and temporary migration were mostly adopted by agricultural landless households. Income from nonfarm sources was found to be an important factor influencing household’s decisions on coping. Furthermore, households that recovered from the last flood disaster seek insurance through their own savings and available physical assets, highlighting the role of disaster preparedness in resilient recovery. This study calls for the policy intervention at the household-level to enhance the adaptive capacity of riverine households so that people at risk can cope better and recover from flood disaster using their resources.
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Maroto, Michelle. "The Great Balancing Act: Households, Debt, and Economic Insecurity." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312098819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120988199.
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Balancing finances is a complicated and precarious act for many U.S. households, with constant concerns that income will not be enough. What happens when households are no longer able to keep up this balancing act? This research draws on 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances data to examine varying experiences of economic insecurity, measured as whether a household’s expenses exceeded its income in the previous year, and households’ strategies for managing economic insecurity. The author explores the ties among economic security, household debt burdens, and credit market access. By comparing the actual strategies that insecure households used to weather insecurity with the hypothetical strategies proposed by more secure households, the findings show that the resources that protect against insecurity also influence how households manage it. Although most insecure households relied on borrowing when their spending exceeded their incomes, secure households most often recommended spending from savings or finding additional income.
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Wester, Misse. "My Fault or Default—Household Behaviors Living in a Climate-Smart Building." Buildings 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020245.
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Decreasing climate impact of households is a concern for many actors. One way to address this challenge is to focus on household behaviors related to energy use and consumption. Another is to construct climate-smart houses that encourage households to utilize smart functions that reduce emissions. This article examines the link between these two strategies and investigates how living in a climate-smart house affects household behaviors, by conducting interviews with households before and after they moved into a climate-neutral house. Results indicate that overall, emissions decrease after the move, mostly due to the features of the building itself rather than changes in behavior. Unintended effects were also observed, calling into question which strategy is most effective in reducing a household’s climate footprint.
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Ariska Nurfajar Rini and Lienggar Rahadiantino. "FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Business and Society 24, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 832–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5967.2023.
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There is extensive attention on financial inclusion and its benefits, recently strategy to stimulate financial inclusion has focused on innovation and technology penetration. This paper analyzes the effect of financial inclusion on a household’s income and the role of cellphone and internet access in household financial inclusion in Indonesia. We develop the financial deprivation of each household to calculate financial exclusion. The Indonesia Family Life Survey year 2014 data are utilized in this paper. Our methodology is Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to examine how the role of financial institutions affects a household’s income. In the second model, we use Probit estimation to determine the likelihood of household financial deprivation due to cellphone and internet access. We also check the robustness of previous models using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) estimation. Our estimation results found that financial exclusion has a highly significant impact on a specific group of households. With middle-level income households, the financial exclusion would deprive income of almost 80 percent. This finding explains that middle welfare households benefited more from financial inclusion than households in the poorest and the wealthiest group. Another result found that cellphone and mobile banking significantly impact decreasing financial deprivation, respectively.
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Berra, Wondu Garoma. "Household Food Insecurity Predicts Childhood Undernutrition: A Cross-Sectional Study in West Oromia (Ethiopia)." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 9, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5871980.
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Background. Despite mixed reports, food insecurity emerges as a predictor of nutritional status, assumably limiting the quantity and quality of dietary intake. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of childhood undernutrition and food insecurity is highly pronounced. However, whether household food insecurity predicts undernutrition in children was not yet well established. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the link between household food access and undernutrition in children aged 6–23 months in West Oromia zones, Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 525 households during June–October 2016. Food access was measured as Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaires were employed to collect data on sociodemographics, child health, child dietary practices, household food security, and anthropometrics. The height and weight of children aged 6–23 months in each household were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between household food insecurity and child nutritional status measured from undernutrition indicators. Results. Overall, more than two-thirds (69%) of households were classified as food insecure (had insufficient access to adequate food), with a mean (SD) household food access score of 7.9 (7.7). The respective prevalence of mild and moderate food-insecure households was 56.6% and 12.4%. Higher proportions of children in food-insecure households were stunted (41.8% vs. 15.5%), underweight (22.0% vs. 6.1%), and wasted (14.9% vs. 6.1%). Overall, the prevalence of child undernutrition was 21.3% in the target population, with 16.2% stunted, 6.9% underweight, and 6.3% wasted. The present finding shows food-secure households were 54% protective (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.84) for child undernutrition. Compared to children in food-secure households, children who were reportedly living in moderately food-insecure households were over twice more likely stunted (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.02–4.28) and over 4 times more likely underweight (OR: 4.73, 95% CI: 1.81–12.35). However, household food insecurity was not a correlate for acute malnutrition (wasting) in children. Conclusions. The prevalence of household’s food insecurity situation is very common and more pronounced among households with undernourished children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. The analysis of this work shows that moderately food-insecure households are a salient predictor for composite undernutrition, stunting, and underweight, but not for wasting. Thus, this finding informs the need for multisectoral strategies and policies to combat household’s food insecurity and multiple forms of child undernutrition, beyond the socioeconomic wellbeing.
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Kaliyeva, Samal, Francisco Jose Areal, and Yiorgos Gadanakis. "Attitudes of Kazakh Rural Households towards Joining and Creating Cooperatives." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110568.
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The government of Kazakhstan is currently developing strategies and policies to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level to increase milk processing capacity. We use and expand the reasoned action approach as a framework to study the factors underlying the rural household’s motivation to participate in a governmental programme aimed at increasing rural cooperative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production using primary data acquired from 181 randomly selected dairy households in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. We account for the rural household’s psychological factors and socio-demographic characteristics along with the household’s risk attitudes, production structure, level of information about the government support programme and cooperatives, cultural aspects as well as the household’s proximity to the main market. A bivariate probit model is used to jointly estimate the impact of these factors on the rural household’s intention to join and create a cooperative. The results show that rural households which hold positive views towards cooperatives, have a relatively high production capacity, are aware/know of cooperatives, and do not have a dairy business as a source of household income are relatively keen to participate in collective actions. Perceived social norms and household risk attitudes also play a significant role in the rural household’s intention to participate in collective actions. Finally, gender and nationality are found to be positively associated with joining and creating a cooperative, while higher educated rural households are found to be less motivated to participate in the programme. In order to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level through a policy that encourages collective action, we recommend a policy that (a) supports rural households which have the capacity to produce and are in need; (b) is attractive to rural households which consider dairy as a source of income; and (c) is well disseminated and well explained to the targeted rural households.
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Babovic, Marija, and Slobodan Cvejic. "Survival strategies of Serbian households." Sociologija 44, no. 2 (2002): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0202097b.
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Concept of household strategies was firstly used in poverty surveys in Africa and Latin America, and lately developed in economic changes surveys in Western developed societies. Connecting the structure and action, macro and micro level of analysis and focusing on households, rather than individual as basic unit of analysis, the concept opened possibilities for better understanding of household economic behavior during social and economic changes. New developments concept experienced in numerous surveys in post-socialist as well as 'post-fordists' societies. The economic household strategies surveys were conducted in Serbia in two waves - in summer of 2000. and autumn of 2002. Comparative analysis of results has not show significant changes in socio-economic position of households. However, changes were evident in the field of action (economic strategies of households and individuals). Decreasing of passive and defensive strategies and increasing of pro-active, particularly working strategies were significant trends from survey.
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Ahvenniemi, Hannele, and Tarja Häkkinen. "Households’ potential to decrease their environmental impacts." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the potential levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) and cost savings from a set of households’ energy saving measures, considered as “everyday choices”. Design/methodology/approach Four areas of living were selected for the study: household electricity, space heating, transport and food consumption. The study used a quantitative research approach in which the impact of selected scenarios of an average Finnish household was assessed. Findings Findings suggest that GHG savings from behavioural change regarding household electricity remain marginal in comparison to savings gained from transportation related measures. Transportation also provides the most cost-efficient ways to decrease GHGs but not in all cases. Based on the results, the authors suggest that smart technologies, such as on-line, active feedback systems could have a major role in guiding household energy use. Also, given the high GHG savings from transport, the authors highlight the importance of providing infrastructure and services for clean mobility, and in designing well-functioning and compact cities enabling shorter travels. Originality/value The aim of our study was twofold – by analysing the case household’s choices, we obtained information on environmental and economic impacts, but in addition to this, the aim was to open discussion on the role of households in tackling climate change and how to support households in making sustainable choices. Although research regarding household energy behaviour is vast, so far very few studies have focused on both economic and environmental impacts of households’ everyday actions.
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Hamed, Mohammad M., and Walid M. Abdelwahab. "Effect of government policies and vehicle marketing strategies on household vehicle demand and fuel consumption." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-867.
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The objective of this paper is to develop demand models to forecast household vehicle demand and corresponding fuel consumption in Jordan. Understanding the factors that influence household vehicle quantity holdings provides a useful tool for developing strategies aimed at curtailing the contribution of automobiles towards environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and traffic accidents in urban areas. The demand for automobile and fuel by a household is simultaneously estimated by a joint discrete and continuous choice model. A multinomial logit model is used to examine the number of vehicles owned by a household, whereas a multiple regression model is used to predict the amount of fuel consumed. A random sample of households from the Greater Amman area is used to estimate demand and choice models. Results suggest that the socioeconomic characteristics of a household, government policies relating to vehicle import duties and vintage, and private sector marketing strategies, all influence a household's decision on the number of vehicles owned. Results strongly show that households with different vehicle ownership levels respond differently to government policies and car dealers' marketing strategies. Policy makers and transportation planners can use the results of this study to forecast the expected demand for used cars, and the increase in the number of new cars, given a set of government and private sector strategies. The results also can be used to predict fuel demand at various levels of household vehicle ownership. Transportation planners can also use these results to assist in formulating strategies regarding urban road network improvements, and future demand for public transportation. Key words: vehicle ownership, fuel consumption, logit model, government policy.
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Brigita, Stevani, and Martua Sihaloho. "Livelihood Strategy, Vulnerability, and Resilience of Farmer Household in Flooded Area." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.2.2.239-254.
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Flooding is a natural disaster that provides various impacts on life, especially for the survival of farm households. Farmers in doing the farming certainly depends on the nature and weather. Floods certainly have an impact because it can make the crops decline even to the occurrence of crop failure. Facing such circumstances requires farmers' households to determine the livelihood structures undertaken and demand that farm households determine how to conduct livelihood strategies in order to maintain and improve existing livelihoods. A livelihood strategy is a person's or a group's way of meeting their needs or achieving an improvement in life. The livelihood strategies undertaken will affect the vulnerability of a household and have a relationship with the resilience of the farm household in the event of a flood disaster. Livelihood structures and livelihood strategies of farm households living in flooded areas may be different from those in other areas not experiencing crisis or flood disaster. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategy, vulnerability and resilience of household livelihoods of farmers in flood-prone areas.Keywords : farm household, livelihood strategy, resilience, vulnerability---------------------- ABSTRAK Banjir merupakan suatu bencana alam yang memberikan berbagai dampak terhadap kehidupan, khususnya bagi keberlangsungan hidup rumahtangga petani. Petani dalam melakukan usahataninya tentunya sangat bergantung dengan keadaan alam dan cuaca sekitar. Bencana banjir tentunya memberi dampak karena dapat membuat hasil panen menurun bahkan sampai terjadinya gagal panen. Menghadapi keadaan tersebut menuntut rumahtangga petani untuk menentukan struktur nafkah yang dilakukan dan menuntut rumahtangga petani menentukan bagaimana melakukan strategi nafkah dalam upaya mempertahankan dan meningkatkan sumber nafkah yang ada. Strategi nafkah adalah cara seseorang atau kelompok untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka atau mencapai peningkatan hidup. Strategi nafkah yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhadap kerentanan suatu rumahtangga dan memiliki hubungan dengan ketahanan (resiliensi) rumahtangga petani dalam menghadapi situasi bencana banjir. Struktur nafkah dan strategi nafkah rumahtangga petani yang tinggal di kawasan terpapar banjir dapat saja berbeda dengan wilayah lain yang tidak mengalami situasi krisis atau bencana banjir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strategi, kerentanan dan resiliensi nafkah rumahtangga petani di wilayah rawan bencana banjir.Kata Kunci : kerentanan, resiliensi, rumahtangga petani, strategi nafkah
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Kuhe, Aondoyila, and Danladi Yusufu Bisu. "Influence of situational factors on household’s energy consumption behaviour." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-03-2019-0017.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a systematic scoping review of the influences of some situational factors on the energy consumption behaviour of households. Household’s energy choice and manner of utilization define its energy consumption behaviour; it is a key factor in determining the energy efficiency of households. Despite the energy-efficient technological innovations and awareness on environmental/health implications of using certain energy sources and technologies, households still use inefficient, traditional energy sources and technologies. Some researchers have attempted to use economic and psychological theories to explain the situation with the hope of achieving a change in behaviour towards sustainable energy utilization but to no avail. This is because the theories fail to consider situations beyond individuals or households. A clear understanding of situational factors and how they influence household energy behaviour will provide information that will aid deeper research and policy formulation towards sustainable energy behaviour of households. Design/methodology/approach A scoping systematic review of available literature regarding real-life cases in both developed and developing countries was carried out to determine the possibility of situational factors affecting household energy choices and utilization. Findings The result of the review showed that situational factors have a significant influence on household’s energy consumption. The main policy implications observed are the need for laws that will encourage energy-saving renovations in houses, make compulsory the provision of recreational facilities in residential areas to reduce in-home energy consumption. The need for increased access to electricity and other efficient energy sources and cooking technologies has also been observed. Intensive awareness campaigns are required to disabuse the minds of people about cultural issues that mitigate improved cook stove adoption. Originality/value The paper provides information on the influence of some of the factors, which affect energy consumption in households, which fluctuate depending on the current situation of the consumer and are time-bound (situational factors). The information will help policymakers and regulators to understand the influence of situational factors on household energy consumption, thereby enabling them to make policies that will enhance sustainable energy consumption.
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Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola, Abeeb Babatunde Omotoso, Saidat Adebola Daud, Oluwadara Pelumi Omotayo, and Babatunde Afeez Adeniyi. "Rising Food Prices and Farming Households Food Insecurity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy Implications from SouthWest Nigeria." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030363.
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The government’s lockdown and restriction measures on the COVID-19 pandemic adversely altered livelihoods, commodity/food prices as well as food security status in Nigeria, especially for rural farming households. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 480 rural farming households across three selected states of the SouthWest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. This research entailed rapid evaluation of the determining factors of rising food expenditure, implications for food security as well as households’ coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data that were analyzed using the following descriptive and inferential statistics: double-logarithmic analysis, Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) and probit regression analysis. The results showed that 60% of respondents were married, mean years spent in school was 17, mean age was 49 years, household size was 7 people and monthly income less than $200. The FGT model results for head count ratio showed that 78% of households were food insecure. The depth of food insecurity and severity before COVID-19 were 18.4% and 9.9% respectively, and 27.1% and 13.0% during the pandemic. The double-logarithmic regression revealed that household income, size, age and occupation significantly influenced the household’s food expenditure. Probit regression showed that households’ income, size, amount spent on food, and the household’s head, gender and educational level influenced its food security status. The research concluded that food security was indeed influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic among rural farming households in Nigeria. Intervention policies are needed to promote and enable sustainable livelihoods to eradicate hunger and food insecurity due to high food prices and high household sizes in relation to their low average income to enable rural farming households to economically recover and have the capacity to sustain themselves against future shocks.
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Harahap, Tinur Fitri Ayu, and Arya Hadi Dharmawan. "Strategi Nafkah dan Pemanfaatan Relasi-Relasi Sosial Rumahtangga Petani Kelapa Sawit." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 2, no. 3 (May 15, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.2.3.383-402.
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This study aims to identify the structure and strategy of the household livelihoods, identify the utilization of livelihood capital that influences household livelihood strategies of oil palm farmers and identifies the utilization of social relationships of oil palm farmers' households. There is a difference in the livelihood structure of households of oil palm self-reliant with plasma palm oil farmers. This research is done by quantitative method supported by qualitative data. The result of this research is explaining that the average of households' livelihood structure of palm oil farmers is from non-farm sector, whereas in households of plasma oil palm farmers is dominated by on farm sector supported by non-farm sector. The utilization of subsistence capital by two types of oil palm farmers is also different. Both types of farmers have diverse social relationships in support of farm household income.Keywords: livelihood assets, livelihood strategies, oil palm farmer household, social relations----------------------- ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur dan strategi nafkah rumah, mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan modal nafkah yang mempengaruhi strategi nafkah rumahtangga petani kelapa sawit serta mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan relasi-relasi sosial rumahtangga petani kelapa sawit. Terdapat perbedaan struktur nafkah rumahtangga petani kelapa sawit swadaya dengan petani kelapa sawit plasma. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini memaparkan bahwa secara rata-rata struktur nafkah rumahtangga petani kelapa sawit swadaya berasal dari sektor non farm, sedangkan pada rumahtangga petani kelapa sawit plasma didominasi oleh sektor on farm yang didukung oleh sektor non farm. Pemanfaatan modal nafkah oleh dua jenis petani kelapa sawit juga berbeda. Kedua jenis petani ini memiliki relasi sosial yang beragam dalam mendukung pendapatan rumahtangga petani.Kata Kunci: modal nafkah, petani kelapa sawit, relasi sosial, strategi nafkah
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Gautam, Narayan Prasad, Nirmal Kumar Raut, Bir Bahadur Khanal Chhetri, Nirjala Raut, Muhammad Haroon U. Rashid, Xiangqing Ma, and Pengfei Wu. "Determinants of Poverty, Self-Reported Shocks, and Coping Strategies: Evidence from Rural Nepal." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041790.
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This paper assesses the interrelationship between poverty, climatic and non-climatic shocks, and shock coping strategies adopted by farm-based rural households in Nepal. An analysis is based on a comprehensive data set collected from 300 randomly selected households from three purposively chosen villages of Gandaki province. The study utilizes binary and ordered probit regression models to analyze the determinants of poverty, shocks, and coping strategies. Findings reveal that the Dalit (ethnic group), large-sized, and agricultural households are more likely to be characterized as poor. The study further shows that majority of the households are exposed to the severe shock of climatic types. Patterns of shock exposure vary with the household’s characteristics. In particular, poor households in the hills primarily dependent on forest for livelihood are more likely to experience severe shocks. Further analyses indicate that the households ex-post choose dissaving, borrowing, shifting occupation, and migration to cope with severe climatic shocks. The analyses also reveal that the nature of shocks, socio-economic, demographic, geographic contexts, and factor endowments effect adopting a particular coping strategy. Findings suggest household level-specific support should be provided to mitigate the effects of shock, and appropriate measures are taken to protect their means of living.
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Pratiwi, Liana Fatma Leslie, Ali Hasyim Al Rosyid, and Maftuh Kafiya. "Sustainable Livelihood Strategies Rural Household in Sanden District Bantul Regency." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.590.
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People living in the countryside mostly have a profession as a farmer. Farming is one of the largest sources of income for rural households. In the district of Sanden, rural communities utilize a variety of land agroecosystems for agriculture. Utilization of various types of agricultural land agroecosystem is one of the household livelihood strategies. Livelihood strategies undertaken by rural communities aim to reduce poverty and improve household welfare. This research aims to (1) describe strategy of rural households to support the achievement of sustainable livelihoods (2) Knowing the inequality of farmers ' income distribution based on livelihood strategies used by rural households. The basic method used is a descriptive analytical method. The research site in Sanden district, Bantul regency was then taken by random farmer owners of 30 people as respondents. Rural household strategy to support sustainable livelihood achievement is calculated using descriptive statistics, and the inequality of farmer's income distribution based on livelihood strategies used by rural households is calculated using the Gini index and the Lorentz curve. The results showed that farmers ' household strategy to support the greatest sustainable livelihoods achievement in the form of consolidated strategies, and inequality of revenue distribution based on households livelihood strategies is moderate distribution inequality.
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Setiadi, D. O. R., and M. Baiquni. "Household livelihood strategies of inhabitant traditional javanese house in brayut tourist village." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1089, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012078.
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Abstract The traditional house as a tourist attraction in Brayut Tourism Village is an assest need of great treatment. This study tries to describe the livelihood condition of household in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village and identify the household livelihood strategy in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village. Combination quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory model are used with census techniques. Assets in households participate in the tourist village activities show human capital having the highest score. Physical capital like electronic, transportation, and household furnishings is the highest capital the household not participate in the tourist village activities. Households capable of inhabiting of Javanese traditional house is divided into two categories that is households that have only able to survive the occupies a house, consist of survival and passive income strategies. And households that have high capabilities and capital. This category consist of a intensification consolidation, diversification consolidation, and accumulation strategies.
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Kuntashula, Elias, Lydia M. Chabala, Terence K. Chibwe, and Peter Kaluba. "The Effects of Household Wealth on Adoption of Agricultural Related Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Zambia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 4 (September 10, 2015): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n4p88.
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Despite increased emphasis targeting climate change adaptation strategies towards the poorer sections of communities, few adoption studies assess the uptake of these practices by these groups in a systematic and comprehensive manner. In this study, we used a combination of participatory rapid approaches and quantitative principal component analysis to determine each household’s wealth status, and to assess the relationship between wealth and the adoption of various agricultural related climate change adaptation strategies. Evidence from a random sample of 1231 households across six districts of Zambia showed that the more well-endowed households than their poorly endowed counter parts, adopted most of the climate change adaptation strategies. The relatively well-endowed households had a high probability of 10.6%, 9.5%, 7.1%, and 5.5% to embrace crop rotation, minimum tillage, fertiliser trees and change crop varieties due to climate change, respectively, than their poorly endowed counter parts. Most, if not all of these strategies require some level of resource investment hence only those households who could afford such resources are most likely to adopt them. The influence of household resource endowment on the uptake of several climate change adaptation strategies call for the subsidising of the relatively poor endowed households to encourage adoption of these strategies among this category of farmers.
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Junaidi, Junaidi, Amril Amril, and Riski Hernando. "Economic coping strategies and food security in poor rural households." Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal 8, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 30–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51599/are.2022.08.01.02.
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Purpose. This study aims to analyze economic coping strategies and their relationship to the food security of poor rural households.
Methodology / approach. This research was conducted by comparing food crop farming households with those who farm plantation crops. The used data were sourced from surveys in four sample rural areas in two districts of Jambi Province, Indonesia, namely Merangin Regency and Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. The used analysis tool was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).
Results. The results show that poor rural households’ economic coping strategies are still low, both in the context of a passive strategy (cutting back expenses) and an active strategy (generating income). Plantation households have a lower economic coping strategy than food crop farming households. The level of food security in food crop households is relatively good compared to that of plantation crop households. Nearly half of food crop households are categorized as having good food security, while only around 20 % of plantation crop households are so categorized. Family characteristics and coping strategies significantly influence household food security in plantation crop households. On the other hand, the level of household food security in food crop households is not influenced by coping strategies, but only by family characteristics.
Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is in a study approach that links household food security with coping strategies and family socio-economic conditions. Furthermore, this study specifically conducted a comparative study of households of food crop farmers and plantation crop farmers, considering that these are the two main livelihood commodities for rural residents.
Practical value / implications. Through this research, it is hoped that the concept/theory of improving the food security of poor households (especially in rural areas) can be developed based on the potential and real conditions of the households themselves, so that the formulated policies can be more effective and sustainable.
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Wildayana, Elisa, Mustika Edi Armanto, Zulkifli Idrus, Iwan Adi Radiatmoko, Syuhada Adjiz Umar, Bella Syakina, Nursittah, Mubarika, Reszki Oktavia, and Eka Sari. "Surviving Strategies of Rural Livelihoods in South Sumatra Farming System, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186802001.
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The research aimed to analyze surviving strategies of rural livelihoods in South Sumatra farming system, Indonesia. The research was conducted in in January to April 2018 using the field survey, respondents were divided into two categories, namely the respondents for Analytical Hierarchy Process and Participatory Rural Appraisal. The collected data were analyzed to determine the significance at the level of 5%. The research resulted that the very poor and poor households focused on primary aspects (food and drink), while moderate and rich households emphasized on the fulfillment of social needs. Household income was different for each household rank and different at the 5% test level. Rich households earned income from various sources, such as on-farm (farming, plantation, livestock, fishery etc.) and off-farm, while very poor and poor households focused only on-farm income. All income sources were significantly different for each group households ranks. Surviving household can be done with three strategies, namely income-generating strategy; expenditure-reducing strategy; and migration. It is needed an Governmental intervention to help the very poor and poor households in their poverty alleviation, i.e. providing direct cash fund; involving in government projects; and making public policy in favor of these groups.
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Šoltés, Eric, Silvia Komara, Tatiana Šoltésová, and Martin Mišút. "Analysis of work intensity in Slovakia using testing and estimation of linear combinations of GLM parameters." Argumenta Oeconomica 2023, no. 2 (2023): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2023.1.03.
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Not only unemployment itself but also the reduced work intensity of a household has a major impact on the social exclusion of a person. The work intensity of households is currently being monitored in Europe mainly for purposes of identifying those people or households that are excluded from the labour market. The households’ work intensity directly affects the inclusion or exclusion from the labour market, which is one of the three social exclusion dimensions. Moreover, it also, as confirmed by several studies, fundamentally affects the other two dimensions of social exclusion, namely income poverty and material deprivation. The aim of the paper was to assess which factors in interaction with the economic activity status of a person significantly affect the household’s work intensity and, depending on these factors, to estimate the household’s work intensity. For this purpose, the general linear model and the associated analysis of marginal means and the contrast analysis were used. The analyses are based on a database EU-SILC 2020 for the Slovak Republic and performed in the SAS Enterprise Guide and by means of PROC GLM in the SAS programming language using CONTRAST and ESTIMATE statements. The article examines between which levels of significant factors there is a significant difference in terms of a household’s work intensity and in particular provides estimates of work intensity depending on the household type, educational attainment level and the age of a person. At the same time, in all three cases households are broken down by the economic activity status of the person. The presented analyses revealed categories of persons that are the most and the least threatened by labour market exclusion from the point of view of the considered factors.
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Yulhendri, Yulhendri, Tri Kurniawati, and Nora Susanti. "STRATEGI INVESTASI PADA RUMAH TANGA PETANI TRADISIONAL DI KECAMATAN MAPATTUNGGUL SELATAN." JURNAL EKONOMI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jepk.v6n1.p15-30.
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Analyzing household’s investment behavior in remote environments is attractively conducted as a scientific effort to tackle the problem of poverty in the long term. The population of study was households located in remote areas in Pasaman Regency, district of South Mapattunggul. It is about 1,991 heads of household. The sample is 307 households which are formulated by using Slovin formula. This study uses multiple regression analysis and qualitative analysis on mixed method perspective. Investment behavior in traditional farming households in the District of South Mapattunggul is influenced by consumer behavior, knowledge, hope the old days, learning, price, and level of education. Partially, learning process and life expectation do not affect the investment behavior. Knowledge of pricing information has a negative correlation with the investment. It means that the higher the price, or the risks they run, the lower investments. This is in line with the general logic that the higher the risk, the less people are willing to enter into an investment. Society is mainly prioritizing daily consumption as the main priority use of their revenue when the prices are high.Community learning process does not consistently affect the investment behavior including expectations of the old days. It is caused by lower educational facilities and low level of households expectations in improving their old days lives.
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Ajefu, Joseph Boniface. "Income shocks, informal insurance mechanisms, and household consumption expenditure." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1818–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2015-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of income shocks on household real consumption expenditure, taking into account the various informal coping strategies adopted by the households. Using Nigerian Household Panel Survey data for the year 2010/2011 and 2012/2013 respectively, and probit model estimation approach, the results suggest that idiosyncratic shocks have effect on household consumption expenditure and the informal insurance strategies play only limited roles in providing the needed insurance to households in the face of shocks. Also, the effect of shocks vary according to households characteristics, which depends on whether the household is headed by male or female and urban or rural dweller. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores the fixed effects and probit model estimation approach to examine the relationship between the effect of covariate and self-reported idiosyncratic shocks on household welfare. The study examines the effectiveness of the various informal coping measures adopted by households against shocks. Findings The results suggest that idiosyncratic shocks have been found to have little effect on real consumption expenditure and the informal insurance strategies play only limited roles in providing the much needed insurance to households in the face of shocks. Also, the effect of shocks vary according to households characteristics, whether the household is headed by male or female and urban or rural dweller is important. Originality/value The novelty of this essay is to investigate the relationship between variation in self-reported shocks to income across households and real consumption expenditure in Nigeria – a poor, risk-prone country – considering also, the ease with which households adopt the various risk-coping strategies, which help them in smoothing consumption over time.
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Thi Thu Quynh, Nguyen. "Coping Strategies of Households in Lao Cai Province in Dealing with Risks in Tea Cultivation." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 1883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2023.6.3.06.
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Tea farming households in Lung Vai commune, Muong Khuong district have been facing different types of risks. This study aimed to analyze their current risk-coping strategies, then to propose some solutions for the future. A total of 90 farmers in 3 villages with different production scales had been interviewed using semi-constructed questionare of how they identified and measured risks based on their observations and experience. The statistical descriptions and comparisons results pointed out that most of them were very proactive and flexibly applied different strategies and measures to prevent and minimize losses. However, the differences in the strategies chosen and the level of application among the households depended largely on the household’s resource capacity as well as the awareness of the household head. To promote the sustainable development of tea production in this area, the government and relevant actors in the local tea value chain should work together in order to develop solutions to intervene and support households to improve their capacity to apply risk-coping strategies more effectively in the future.
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Sri Astiti, Ni Wayan, Dwi Putra Darmawan, and Dewa Gede Raka Sarjana. "Women's Empowerment Model through Development of Households Industry Locally Specific in District of Abang, Karangasem Regency." Journal of Sociological Research 9, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v9i2.13130.
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This study aims to identify the profile of households handicraft industries and to propose strengthening women’s strategic role models through the development of households industries locally specific. Household industry profiles were analyzed descriptively and The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was selected as women's empowerment priority decision analysis tools and Super Decisions software as supporters.The results showed that (a) most household’s handicraft industries in the District of Abang, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province are classified as business-type starters and undeveloped; (b) rural people assume that women's businesses are conducted merely as a sideline and there has been no attempt to reach a wider market segment; (c) the contribution of women in the household handicraft industry can be summed up very strong, but not as a profitable business for themselves; (d) the results of Analytic Network Process (ANP) showed that the strengthening of the competence of human resources is the best alternative to the empowerment of women by relative priority of 39%.It is therefore, in applying the strategy of strengthening the competency of human resources, women need to incorporate important strategic orientation and product innovation capabilities in order to expand the business and in turn is able to increase the scale of their business from households scale only becomes SMEs.
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Luintel, Youba Raj. "Livelihood Change and Household Strategies: Social Displacement of the Upper Class in Dhading." Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 9 (December 7, 2015): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v9i0.14021.
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This article examines livelihoods transition among agrarian households in a cluster of villages adjacent to Kathmandu in a post-Neoliberal context. It specifically looks at the way these households respond to capitalist expansion in Nepal’s agrarian rural setting privileged to draw cash earnings. Looked at from the quest of longer term social change, this article identifies a great deal of similarity in household responses along class lines, and thus, concludes that household strategies broadly embrace class-specific behaviour. In identifying patterns of household response, this article also argues that class-differentiated analysis of household response can potentially illuminate social science understanding of the way capitalism penetrates into the countryside and brings social differentiation. Finally, this article demonstrates that social differentiation of agrarian households in rural Nepal is a mechanism of siphoning off of the rural surplus somewhere else (in this research context Kathmandu)–a mechanism widely attributed for an uneven development and underdevelopment of countryside Nepal.
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Tione, Sarah Ephrida. "Agricultural Resources and Trade Strategies: Response to Falling Land-to-Labor Ratios in Malawi." Land 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120512.
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This study assesses how growing land scarcity relative to family labor is influencing farm household decisions to trade in agricultural land and labor markets to improve their livelihood. Using the farm household model, I analyze decisions to rent-in land or hire out labor among smallholders in Malawi. I use data from two rounds of a nationally representative balanced-household panel and apply a systems approach to jointly estimate land rental and labor market decisions while controlling for simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. The results indicate that the falling owned-land-to-labor-endowment ratio can push households to participate in either land rental or seasonal agricultural labor markets. However, the probability of hiring out labor for casual work and short-term gains decreases when potential tenant households rent-in land. Based on asset-wealth-to-labor-endowment ratios, wealthier households are more likely to rent-in land while poorer households, including most smallholder households, are more likely to hire out labor. These results suggest higher friction in the land rental market compared to the agricultural labor markets and liquidity constraints dictating what is necessary to support agricultural operations and household needs. Accordingly, agricultural policy in Malawi should aim to reduce friction in factor markets.
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Faisal, Buyinza, Teera Joweria, and Bateganya Fred Henry. "Consequences of HIV Infection on Household Assets and Human Capital Investment in Uganda: Micro Evidence." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 12 (November 19, 2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p202.
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This paper studies the effect of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic decision making using the Uganda National Household Survey (2010). The findings indicate that household’s HIV and AIDS status, education and social-economic factors are important in explaining low household’s asset accumulation and school enrolments of children in Uganda especially at primary school level. Household savings and assets accumulation findings show that household’s HIV and AIDS status and their education levels, marital status and the employment status are consistently associated with lower savings. Major implications of these results is that raising women’s education improves their economic opportunities and the behavioral responses in sexual interaction will lead to decline in HIV infection by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. In fact, we find that educational performance declines in those HIV infected households in which the father is living with HIV. The paper recognizes the policy challenges surrounding the HIV and AIDS -education linkage and considers some of the strategies that have been implemented to improve the schooling outcomes of children from households of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We find a weak positive effect of HIV infection on savings and a significant positive effect on school enrolment and educational expenses for children. High-perceived infection risk has a positive albeit imprecise influence on school enrollment and educational expenses, but no effect on savings.
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Sassi, Maria. "Household Splitting Process and Food Security in Malawi." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (May 2, 2023): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092172.
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Despite the frequent changes in household composition in Sub-Saharan Africa, the literature on the household division process is sparse, with no evidence of its effect on food security. This paper addresses the topic in Malawi, where the fission process is evident and malnutrition is a severe problem. Using the Integrated Household Panel Dataset, this study applies the difference-in-difference model with the propensity score matching technique to compare matched groups of households that did and did not split between 2010 and 2013. The results suggest that coping strategies adopted by poor households and life course events determine household fission in Malawi, a process that benefits household food security in the short term. On average, the food consumption score is 3.74 units higher among households that split between 2010 and 2013 compared to the matched households that did not. However, the household division might have long-run adverse effects on food insecurity, especially for poor households due to the adoption of coping strategies that might compromise their human capital and income-generating activities. Therefore, this process warrants attention for the more accurate understanding, design, and evaluation of food security interventions.
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Dewi, Risti Kurnia, Firdaus Firdaus, Salsabil Naqiyyah, and Sheisvi Noviaresika Putri. "Household food coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Padang City." AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal 8, no. 2 (June 3, 2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v8i2.908.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted life sectors, including food access. It drives people to make some responses called food coping strategies to adapt to the current situation to fulfill their food access. This study aimed to analyze some of the food coping strategies done by households in Padang City during the pandemic. It was a descriptive study involving 87 households in Padang City located in the working areas of Anak Air, Lubuk Buaya, and Seberang Padang Health Center. Data on household characteristics and food coping strategies were collected through direct interviews. Data analysis showed a decrease in the household economic situation, shown by a 7,7% decrease in total expenditure per capita in a group below 40% compared to last year. 65,5% of the households did a tingkat two food coping strategy, and 14,9% even had to do the most extreme. Most of the households did food coping strategies by changing their food habits. We hope that government can evaluate the current policy so that no household has to do the most extreme coping strategies.
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Nasif Ahsan, Md. "Effects of livelihood strategies on mangrove-forest resource." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 25, no. 6 (September 2, 2014): 696–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2013-0048.
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Purpose – The cumulative effects of climate change exacerbate interruption of social-ecological system. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the consumption smoothing along with other socioeconomic parameters of households affects the common pool resource base of a forest in an economic depression resulted from climate change triggered disasters. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a field level study of Koyra sub-district in the Southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh. Several parameters namely climatic trends and events, damage pattern suffered by households, change in land ownership and occupation pattern and consumption dependency pattern were considered. Methods used for data collection were household questionnaire survey and focus group discussions in the study area. Findings – Both the intensity and frequency of climate change led catastrophes are found higher in the study area resulting damage of assets and capital goods of households. The average annual disaster damage borne by per household is found US$177. Over the last two decades 8.21 per cent households become landless. During same time span more than 25 per cent households switched from cropping to other non-agricultural occupations and more than 26 per cent households depend on forest resource for their consumption smoothing. Originality/value – The paper provides insights how climate change led disasters induce the households to depend on the resource from the mangrove forest Sundarbans for their livelihood earning as well as consumption smoothing.
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Shongwe, Phindile, Micah B. Masuku, and Absalom M. Manyatsi. "Factors Influencing the Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Households: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland." Journal of Agricultural Studies 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v2i1.4890.
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The increased involvement of food relief agencies nearly on an annual basis is a clear indication that agricultural production continues to decline as a result of climate change. In order to mitigate the negative effect of climate change, households engage on adaptation strategies. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends mostly on the level of adaptation in response to climate change. The main objectives of the study were to identify the adaptation strategies employed by households and to analyse factors influencing the choice of adaptation strategies by households using personal interviews. The study used data from a random sample of 350 households. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The results showed that adaptation strategies employed were; drought tolerant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. The results showed that the choice of adaptation strategies by households was significantly (p <0.05) influenced by; age of household head, occupation of household head, being a member of a social group, land category, access to credit, access to extension services and training, high incidences of crop pest and disease, high input prices, high food prices, perceptions of households towards climate change. Moreover, the analysis showed that perceptions of households towards climate change significantly influence all adaptation strategies. However, sex and education level of the household head were insignificant in influencing household choice when adapting to climate change. It is recommended that there is need to educate households about the negative impact of climate change on cropping systems. The study also recommends that agriculture extension services should be strengthened, agriculture financial institutions should accommodate subsistence farmers on communal land and rural micro-finance institutions should be developed, in order to facilitate farmers to choose effective adaptation strategies.
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Raditasani, Muhammad Fathan, and Ekawati Sri Wahyuni. "Strategi Adaptasi Rumah Tangga Petani dan Non Petani Terdampak Banjir Rob." Jurnal Sains Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Masyarakat [JSKPM] 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jskpm.4.1.25-36.
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The impact of climate change increasingly felt in every country including Indonesia. One of the forms of climate change that happened in Indonesia is a tidal flood in the coastal areas, so the households should have to adapt to the tidal flood. The purpose of this study is to explain how coastal households survive the tidal flood. The research data collected by a survey to farmer’s and non-farmer’s household in Timbulsloko Village, Sayung Regency, Demak District, Central Java. Farmer’s and non-farmer’s household adapt in physical strategies like rising the house floor and economic strategies like getting additional income from non-agricultural works. Non-agricultural works have become the primary choice of work by the head and other members of a household because the only agricultural works left in the village is becoming fisherman as almost all the agriculture land and fishpond submerged by tidal flood.Keywords: adaptation strategies, farmer’s and non farmer’s household, tidal flood ABSTRAK Dampak perubahan iklim semakin terasa di setiap negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Salah satu bentuk perubahan iklim di Indonesia adalah banjir rob yang terjadi di pesisir Indonesia, sehingga penduduk yang terdampak harus melakukan adaptasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan upaya masyarakat pesisir dalam mengatasi banjir rob. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan survey pada rumah tangga petani dan non petani di Desa Timbulsloko, Kecamatan Sayung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak ada perbedaan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga petani dan non petani. Rumah tangga petani dan non petani beradaptasi dengan banjir rob dengan melakukan strategi fisik seperti mengurug lantai rumah dan strategi ekonomi dengan menambah pendapatan dari pekerjaan di bidang non pertanian. Pekerjaan non pertanian menjadi pilihan bagi kepala rumah tangga dan anggota keluarga lain karena pekerjaan pertanian yang tersisa hanya menjadi nelayan setelah tanah pertanian dan tambak terendam banjir rob.Kata Kunci: banjir rob, rumah tangga petani dan non petani, strategi adaptasi
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Danlami, Abubakar Hamid, Shri Dewi Applanaidu, and Rabiul Islam. "An analysis of household cooking fuel choice: a case of Bauchi State, Nigeria." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 12, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2016-0007.
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Purpose The primary purpose of this study is to assess the factors that influence households’ choice of cooking fuel in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach In total, 750 samples were selected using multistage area cluster sampling, of which 539 responses were analysed. Multinomial logit model was used to estimate the factors that determine a household’s main cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Findings The result has shown that income, location, price of firewood, hours of electricity supply and home ownership are among the factors that have a significant impact on influencing the type of cooking fuel to be adopted by households. Research limitations/implications The study cannot offer any explanation about the influence of time dimension on the pattern of household cooking fuel choice in the study area. Practical implications Implementation of policies to increase the income of households, ensuring the availability of clean cooking fuel source and the increase in the price of firewood will encourage households to switch from using firewood to using cleaner fuel sources such as kerosene, electricity and gas. Originality/value This study has contributed to the existing literature on household energy choice by conducting a micro-level analysis of households’ cooking fuel choice in Bauchi State where a similar study has not been conducted. The study developed approximately 13 hypotheses (out of which two were found to be irrelevant) and added one new variable to test the impact of the neighbourhood’s source of cooking fuel on households’ cooking fuel choice.
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Mazumdar, Sumit. "Assessing Vulnerability to Chronic Undernutrition among Under-Five Children in Egypt: Contextual Determinants of an Individual Consequence." International Journal of Population Research 2012 (July 1, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/939541.
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Nutritional outcomes remain an important development indicator and reflect a household's vulnerability to improved quality of life. Drawing upon recent household survey data from Egypt, this paper applies hierarchical models to test the effect of contextual factors on chronic undernutrition among under-five children and identifies the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics that underscore such vulnerability. Results indicate considerable neighborhood effects influencing a household’s nutritional choices. However, no significant effect could be identified for mother’s education and women’s decision-making power, but a clear positive association is evident between nutritional status and better health service utilization as well as child care and feeding practices. Focused intervention strategies need to augment household level behavioral change for these identified factors and supplement such individual efforts with targeted strategies aimed at vulnerable Egyptian communities to reduce child undernutrition.
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Subanti, Sri, and Arif Rahman Hakim. "Pengeluaran Pariwisata dan Karakteristik Sosial Demografi Rumah Tangga di Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Indonesian Journal of Applied Statistics 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijas.v1i1.24120.
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The study about tourism expenditure had been one of the important things in the formulation of tourism development, such as marketing analysis, strategies, and policies. Based on this condition, the purpose of our paper wants to know about the determinants of tourism expenditure at households level based on their demographic characteristics. The findings of this paper, (1) the important factors affecting household tourism expenditure are marital status, sex, household income per capita, education for heads of households, the length of study for household members in average, number of households, urban-rural, and industrial origin for head of household; (2) variables that are positively related to tourism expenditure are marital status, age, education, number of household, household income per capita, the length of study for household members in average, urban-rural, and home ownership. This paper suggest that the local governments should give an attention on households demographic characteristics to formulate the tourism marketing and the tourism policies.<br />Keywords : tourism expenditure, demographic characteristics, households
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Ali, Hina, and Sohail Naseer Naseer. "Household Characteristics and Higher Education Role in Creating Sustainable Development, In the Future." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v5i4.273.
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The present study has been designed to examine household characteristics and higher education's role in creating sustainable development in the future in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. It indicates the sustainability in education based upon core knowledge and scientific methods that are used to increase the interest of households toward economic growth. Household higher education for sustainable development (HESD) is a good method but it is affected by different social and economic factors. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents from urban households. Data on the household higher education was collected by the respondent by asking a series of questions. For data estimation ordered logistic regression was used. The final findings of our study concluded that age, income, and covidvacine19 have positive coefficients and which indicates a household's higher level of education has a positive impact on sustainable development for creating sustainability in the future, and household family size and landholding have a negative coefficient. Measuring sustainability and the economic progress of household characteristics through higher education is the best way and it indicates a good standard of household lifestyles. Proper policies should be implemented that increase the interest of the government to increase funding for educational institutions at the province level in creating sustainable development in the future in southern Punjab Pakistan.
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Morency, Catherine, and Hubert Verreault. "Assessing the Efficiency of Household Residential Location Choices." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (September 10, 2020): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120946023.
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As part of strategic plans, we often see car dependency reduction vision along with strategies to reduce car use and vehicle-kilometers traveled while promoting alternatives such as transit and active modes. It is less common to see strategies to generate more structural changes, even if such change can have much more important and sustainable impacts. Whereas it is well known that home location is one of the key drivers of travel behaviors, it is much less frequent to have planners put forward strategies to encourage people to move and choose their locations more wisely with respect to their needs. This research aims to assess the potential collective gain of an optimal allocation of households to available dwellings. It aims to estimate how inefficient the current distribution is of households among the dwellings with respect to where all household members need to travel. Results show that the household relocations reduce the distances for work and study by 37.9%. This reduction saves an average of 13.8 km per household per day or 4.9 km per work or study trip. If the mode choice remains constant despite the new trip conditions following the household relocations, the total mileage for work and study trips would decrease by 42.8% for car drivers, by 35.2% for car passenger, by 13.3% for school bus, and 34.2% for public transport. As a result of the household relocations, walking and cycling latent trips increased, respectively, from 2.6% to 15.5% and 26.1% to 39.9% of motorized trips.
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Tang, Hong, Jian Liu, Xiaowen Dai, Yun Zhang, Wendai He, Qi Yin, Feng Huang, Ruiping Ran, and Yunqiang Liu. "Household Groups’ Land Use Decisions Investigation Based on Perspective of Livelihood Heterogeneity in Sichuan Province, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159485.
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Land use decision-making is a vital livelihood strategy associated with the rational collocation of livelihood asset endowments by rural households. Based on the perspective of livelihood heterogeneity, this paper collected the data from 540 farm households in 27 villages in three Sichuan Province counties to identify the land use decision-making characteristics of the household groups. A land use decision-making framework (LUDF) based on the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) was established and dynamic and dual indicators were developed to divide the sample into six household groups. The household livelihood capital, livelihood strategies, and livelihood diversity were then analyzed at the regional and household group level, and the land use decisions of these household groups were explored, from which the following was found. (1) Overall livelihood capital in the study area was low, and except for human assets, there were few other assets, with households in the survey areas being more inclined to engage in non-farming livelihood activities; however, households in Nanjiang and Qionglai had greater livelihood activities choices than Luxian. (2) The LL-type household was the chief household group; the household group distribution in Qionglai was well-proportioned but uneven in Nanjiang and Luxian; and the HL-type, ML-type, and LL-type household livelihood strategy choices were polarized. (3) Most households were involved in land self-cultivation, followed by land transfer-in, land transfer-out, and land abandonment households. Specifically, there were more households that cultivated fragmented landholdings than specialized households with large-scale landholdings, the land transfer rate was relatively low, the transfer-in land area was far greater than the transfer-out land areas, and a small number of households that had abandoned their land were still involved in agricultural production. (4) There were obvious discordant human–land relationships and inefficient land uses in the study area. Based on these findings, relevant policy recommendations are given to improve farm household livelihood capital, optimize livelihood strategies, and assist in land use decision-making.
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Senadza, Bernardin. "Income diversification strategies among rural households in developing countries." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-05-2012-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the income strategies adopted by rural households in Ghana and analyzes the determinants of households’ choice of income portfolio. Design/methodology/approach – A multinomial logit approach is employed by the paper to investigate the determinants of various income strategies adopted by households in rural Ghana. Findings – Results indicate that household characteristics, location and infrastructure all play a role in explaining the adoption of income strategies other than a purely on-farm strategy by households. Education is a key determinant of income strategies involving non-farm wage employment, while access to credit and electricity play important roles in non-farm self-employment income strategies. Practical implications – The findings of the paper call for a promotion of off-farm income opportunities to complement farm incomes and to enhance access of rural households to these sources of income. Originality/value – The paper models rural household income portfolios into mutually exclusive categories which enables the application of the multinomial logit approach. The paper deviates from mainstream rural income diversification literature that has focussed on assessing the determinants of income shares.
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Onyeneke, Robert U., Chukwuemeka C. Emenekwe, and Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike. "COVID-19 Pandemic, household income and coping strategies in Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.03.4098.
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This study analyzed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on household income and the determinants of coping strategies in Nigeria, using the combination of the COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey data and the fourth wave of the General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019. The fourth wave of General Household Survey, Panel 2018-2019 data is part of the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and the National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria collected the data in collaboration with the World Bank and funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey 2020, Baseline was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the World Bank. The analyses were based on multinomial logistic and multivariate probit models. Multinomial logit regression analysis shows that households that consider the pandemic a substantial threat and households with older heads were more likely to have decreased income while households that received transfer income and self-employed were more likely to have increased income. Several household characteristics exhibited different levels of influence on the choice of coping strategies during the lockdown. Therefore, policy options and support facilities should be developed to foster meaningful (wage/self) employment and coping strategies to achieve optimal results in response to the pandemic.
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Idris, Amina Aminu, and Ali Abdullahi. "Gender Livelihood Strategies among Farmers’ Household in Kano State, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 42, no. 3 (February 26, 2024): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2024/v42i32382.
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Gender-based livelihood continues to be one of the most prevalent issues facing Nigerian households, with implications in virtually every industry. This study accessed the gender-based livelihood strategies of farmers’ households in Kano State, Nigeria. The research was conducted in Kano state, four Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano State were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure, and 215 farmers were randomly selected from 717 households in the LGAs. In addition, 80 households, of which 20 were randomly selected from each LGA, were interviewed about their means of subsistence. A combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques was used to gather information for the study. Both descriptive statistics and the Harvard Analytical Framework were used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that the average age of farmers in Kano State was 35 years, the majority (89.3%) were married, with an average household size of 9 people, and 55.8% had informal education. The majority of productive activities were carried out by men and boys; both men and women carried out activities that generated income; and more than 70 percent of reproductive activities were carried out by women, as revealed by the household's livelihood strategies. It further revealed that women had limited access to resources and that the majority of resources were under the control of males in the study area. Men dominated access to and control over the resources that were available. It is recommended that women be encouraged to devise legal means for accessing and controlling resources in order to improve their livelihood status.