Relevant bibliographies by topics / Household strategie

Academic literature on the topic 'Household strategie'

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Published: 13 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Household strategie"

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Loktionová, Světlana, Drahoslava Kšandová, and Tereza Hejzlarová. "Sociální a ekonomické strategie života městských domácností v Kyrgyzstánu." HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2022.7.

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The dissolution of the USSR and the transition from a planned to a market economy gave rise to significant changes across all areas of people’s daily lives in Kyrgyzstan. These processes have influenced its social institutions through an effect on household survival strategies. The purpose of this article is to identify differences and similarities in the means of survival chosen by Kyrgyz and Russian households. Employment, income, and expenses are important components of budget planning that affect the saving behaviour of household members. A qualitative method – a semi-structured interview – along with statistical data, was used to identify differences and similarities in the behaviour of Kyrgyz and Russian households, especially regarding their attitude to loans and social networks. The findings highlight the attitudes of different generations of households in contrasting cultural settings to these components.
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Khusaini, Mohamad, Ferry Prasetyia, and Yennie Dwi Rozanti. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.009.02.05.

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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Rozanti, Yennie Dwi, Mohamad Khusaini, and Ferry Prasetyia. "Determinants of Household Poverty Status in Kediri City." Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 9, no. 2 (2021): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiae.2021.009.02.5.

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Analyses of the causes and the characteristics of poverty at micro levels provide more efficient strategies for the attainment of main Sustainable Development Goals. This study aimed to analyze the extent to which the characteristics of individuals, households, and communities influence the probability of household poverty status. The 2019 Social Welfare Integrated Data and Village Potential Data of Kediri City were analyzed using an ordered logit regression model and then interpreted based on marginal effect calculation. The study found that household heads’ squared-age, household members’ education, household members’ occupation, household head gender (female), ownership of assets, access to the internet, access to proper sanitation, and access to financial institutions reduced the probability of households being categorized as very poor and poor. This finding indicated that household productivity influenced by the household head’s characteristics in managing productive assets, supported by access to infrastructure, could increase the household's welfare. However, the household head’s age and marital status, dependency ratio, and access to health facilities increased household’s probability of being very poor and poor. Policies regarding poverty must be adjusted to the poverty characteristics and status. Improving access, equalizing education, and improving job opportunity and infrastructure management that ensure accessibility and enhancement in service quality need to be made to increase the status of households with the lowest 40% welfare in Kediri City. Policies regarding poverty should be focused more on social programs for very poor and poor households. Meanwhile, those near-poor and vulnerable-to-poor need more empowering programs.
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Thomas, Barbara P. "Household strategies for adaptation and change: participation in Kenyan rural women’s associations." Africa 58, no. 4 (October 1988): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160349.

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Opening ParagraphRecent literature on Third World households suggests that the household is a critical unit of analysis in decision-making and economic organisation for development (Smith, Wallerstein and Evers, 1984; Netting, Wilk and Arnould, 1984). Increasingly, this literature is addressing intra-household behaviour, the ways in which households relate to other institutions and the degree to which they are autonomous or embedded in more comprehensive social structures (Guyer and Peters, 1984; Folbre, 1985; Moock, 1986). Indeed, the household focus requires not only close examination of the household's internal dynamics, but also its external context. That context includes the physical setting, international as well as national political and economic structures, and the local political economic and social systems.
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Lowsky, David J., Donald K. K. Lee, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Health Savings Accounts: Consumer Contribution Strategies and Policy Implications." MDM Policy & Practice 3, no. 2 (July 2018): 238146831880937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318809373.

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Background. Health savings accounts (HSAs) are tax-advantaged savings accounts available only to households with high-deductible health insurance. This article provides initial answers to two questions: 1) How should a household budget for its annual HSA contributions? 2) Do current contribution limits provide households with the flexibility to use HSAs efficiently? To answer these questions, we formulate the household’s problem as one of determining a contribution strategy for minimizing total expected discounted medical costs. Methods. We use the 2002–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to develop a novel data-driven model for forecasting a household’s health care costs based on its current cost percentile and other characteristics. A dynamic policy, in which the contribution each year brings the HSA balance up to a household-specific threshold, is derived. This is compared to a simpler static policy in which the target HSA balance is simply the plan’s out-of-pocket maximum, with contributions in any year capped by a limit. Results. We find that: 1) the dynamic policy can save a household up to 19% in costs compared to the static one that is a proxy for typical contribution behavior; and 2) the recommended contribution amounts for 9% to 11% of households in a given year materially exceed what is currently allowed by the federal government. Conclusions. The dynamic policy derived from our data-analytic framework is able to unlock significant tax savings for health care consumers. To allow all households to use HSAs in a tax-efficient manner, a two-tiered contribution policy is needed: Allow unlimited contributions up to some balance, and then impose restrictions thereafter. The resulting impact on overall tax receipts is estimated to be well below what is currently allowed by legislation.
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Asmare, Fissha, Hailemariam Teklewold, and Alemu Mekonnen. "The effect of climate change adaptation strategy on farm households welfare in the Nile basin of Ethiopia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-10-2017-0192.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of crop diversification (CD), as a climate change adaptation strategy, on farm household’s welfare in terms of farm income and demand for labor. It explores whether adoption of CD is a win-win strategy on household income and demand for on-farm labor. It also examines the determinants of rural household’s net farm income and family labor demand. Design/methodology/approach A household-plot level data were collected in 2015 from 929 rural farm households and 4,778 plots in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The data comprise farm and household characteristics accompanied by geo-referenced climate data such as long-term average temperature and amount and variability of growing season rainfall. The authors estimate an endogenous switching regression model to measure the effect of CD on the farm household’s welfare, using net farm income and household labor demand as a welfare indicator. Findings The results indicate heterogeneous effects of climate variables on farm income between adopters and non-adopters of CD. The study also confirms the win-win effect of adoption of CD with a positive and significant effect on farm income and a reduction in demand for on-farm labor. The results suggest that adoption of CD helps improve the well-being of farm households and build a resilient agricultural system. Research limitations/implications As the study used a cross-sectional data, it is limited to show the time effect of practicing CD on the household’s welfare. Originality/value First, the authors investigate, to their knowledge for the first time, the existence of synergy or tradeoff in the effect of CD on two dimensions of rural households’ welfare (net farm income and labor demand). Second, they investigate the heterogeneous effect of climate change adaptation strategies on the farm household’s welfare between adopters and non-adopters. This is unlike previous studies that consider climate change adaptation strategies as having a homogeneous effect. However, this approach is inappropriate since the effect of adaptation strategies is different for adopters and non-adopters.
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Bakeri, Nur Arina, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Nur Syaqiera Mansor, Wan Ying Gan, and Seok Kwan Tan. "Socio-economic Status, Food Security Status and its Coping Strategies among ‘The Lost Food Project’ (TLFP) Recipients in Klang Valley during COVID-19 Pandemic." JANUARY 2023 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.1.12.

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Introduction: The Lost Food Project (TLFP) is a non-profit organization who continuously working on their strategic plan in combating the food insecurity problem by distributing food surplus to low income households within Klang Valley. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the socioeconomic status, food security status and its coping strategies among TLFP recipients in Klang Valley during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted from April to June 2021. There were 88 respondents recruited through convenience sampling. A set of questionnaires regarding food assistance, nutrition knowledge, food security and its coping strategies was prepared, and the respondents were interviewed either by phone, face-to-face or self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity among households in this study was 59.1%. Most of them have moderate (37.5%) to good (27.5%) nutrition knowledge. The coping strategy that most of the respondents applied was ‘using less expensive food’ (58.3%) with at least once per week within the past one month. Food insecure households tend to adopt more coping strategies compared to those food secure households (p<0.001). Moreover, households who rent their house (p<0.01), low household income (p<0.05) and high monthly food and drinks expenditure (p<0.01) were associated with the food insecurity among TLFP recipients. Conclusion: The study concluded that lower household income, higher food and drinks expenditure and those who rent the house have negative impacts on household’s food security status. Thus, the situation forced them to apply more food-related coping strategies in their daily life. Further research should be conducted on the effectiveness of TLFP in helping them to improve Malaysian’s food security status.
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Suhendi, Riky Novalia, Budhi Gunawan, and Teguh Husodo. "Livelihood Resilience of Households Affected by The Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower Development Project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1211, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1211/1/012007.

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Abstract This article examines the impact of the large-scale Upper Cisokan Pumped Storage Hydropower (UCPSH) development project, in West Java, Indonesia on household livelihoods. The process of land acquisition and resettlement has taken away land-based resources that are the source of livelihood for households in 4 villages around the project. This article discusses how the resilience of household livelihoods occurs 5 years after land acquisition and resettlement. This study was conducted by interviewing 134 households affected by land acquisition and resettlement living in the vicinity of the UCPSH project site. The level of severity is studied to see how the household can respond to disturbances. Livelihood resilience in affected households occurs when the household’s livelihood system can absorb disturbances, then responds by re-establishing livelihood capital and assets. Livelihood strategies are carried out based on the capacity possessed to maintain and improve the quality of life. As a result, there are two livelihood strategies carried out by the affected households, the agricultural intensification strategy has improved 9% of living conditions and the livelihood diversification strategy has improved 2.5% of living conditions.
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Salam, Shakila, Siegfried Bauer, and Md Salauddin Palash. "Impact of income diversification on rural livelihood in some selected areas of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40666.

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Diverse set of income generating activities may have varying effect on household’s welfare situation. This study intends to assess the extent of different income diversification strategies on rural household welfare. A total sample of 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh was randomly selected. Considering simultaneous causality between different livelihood strategies and welfare indicators, the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) methods with instrumental variable was applied to estimate impact of the strategies on household welfare. Household per capita expenditure was treated as the welfare indicator which includes both food and non-food expenditures. The findings show that involving in any type of non-farm activities jointly with farming has a significantly positive effect on the household’s welfare. Among different non-farm activities, participation in wage employment and migration along with agricultural activities ensured significantly higher per capita household expenditure. On the other hand, the impact of currently participation in only agricultural activities on household expenditure is insignificant. Besides, Farm size, higher education and infrastructural facilities also play an important role in improving household’s welfare. Therefore, policy should be directed to create opportunities to participate in non-farm activities through establishment of small and medium industries, especially agro-based industries in the rural areas. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 73–79, March 2019
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Mondal, Md Sanaul Haque, Takehiko Murayama, and Shigeo Nishikizawa. "Determinants of Household-Level Coping Strategies and Recoveries from Riverine Flood Disasters: Empirical Evidence from the Right Bank of Teesta River, Bangladesh." Climate 9, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9010004.

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Although recurrent floods cause detrimental impact for the people living in riverine floodplains, households are taking up various risks management strategies to deal with them. This paper examined household’s post-disaster coping strategies to respond and recover from riverine floods in 2017. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey from 377 households from the right bank of Teesta River in Bangladesh. Households employed different coping strategies including borrowing money, assets disposal, consumption reduction, temporary migration, and grants from external sources, to cope with flood. Results from logistic regression models suggested that increasing severity of flood reduced households’ consumption. Exposed households were more likely to borrow money. Consumption reduction and temporary migration were mostly adopted by agricultural landless households. Income from nonfarm sources was found to be an important factor influencing household’s decisions on coping. Furthermore, households that recovered from the last flood disaster seek insurance through their own savings and available physical assets, highlighting the role of disaster preparedness in resilient recovery. This study calls for the policy intervention at the household-level to enhance the adaptive capacity of riverine households so that people at risk can cope better and recover from flood disaster using their resources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Household strategie"

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Alobo, Sarah. "Options de survie, processus de changement et transformation structurelle. Diversification des moyens de subsistance chez les ménages agricoles des régions rurales de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0022.

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L'objectif général de cette thèse est de comprendre le rôle de la diversification à l’échelle des ménages, ses caractéristiques, ses déterminants et ses effets sur les petits exploitants agricoles d’Afrique subsaharienne. La thèse utilise une méthodologie mixte en combinant différents types de données sur les petits exploitants ruraux d’Afrique subsaharienne pour répondre aux objectifs fixés – une revue bibliographique, des données empiriques tirées d'enquêtes de terrain quantitatives et qualitatives. Les résultats sont présentés en trois articles :Le premier article présente un état de l’art sur la nature et l'évolution de la diversification des moyens de subsistance en milieu rural (« rural livelihoods ») en Afrique subsaharienne, et la situation à l’échelle des petits exploitants. Il révèle des résultats mitigés sur les causes et les conséquences de la diversification des moyens de subsistance des petits exploitants ruraux qui adoptent cette stratégie. De nombreuses études suggèrent que ce sont les petits exploitants les plus aisés ayant suffisamment d'actifs qui réalisent une diversification performante de leurs moyens de subsistance, principalement en exploitant les opportunités et les synergies entre les activités agricoles et non agricoles. Cela met en évidence qu’à cause de contraintes sur les actifs, l’augmentation des revenus et de la richesse grâce à la diversification des moyens de subsistance n'a pas encore bénéficié à la grande majorité des petits exploitants d’Afrique subsaharienne. Le deuxième article examine les caractéristiques et les déterminants de la diversification des sources de revenus en utilisant des données transversales sur les ménages agricoles ruraux de six régions du Sénégal et du Kenya. L'analyse des données quantitatives a été com-plétée par des informations de terrain qualitatives. Les résultats montrent que les caractéristiques et les déterminants de la diversification sont spécifiques et diffèrent sensiblement entre les différentes régions, avec des facteurs « attractifs » et « répulsifs » agissant parfois en même temps. Bien que la région joue sur la diversification des revenus, le classement de celle-ci semble jouer d’avantage, car il influence le type de diversification auquel les ménages se livrent. Dans le troisième article, j'utilise des données de panel pour explorer les dimensions géographiques et sexospécifiques de la diversification des moyens de subsistance et de ses déterminants dans deux régions agricoles du Kenya rural (Kakamega et Nyeri). J'ajoute également aux données de panel, les données qualitatives de mon propre travail de terrain. L'enquête empirique sur la dynamique et les motivations pour la diversification des moyens de subsistance montre, que les effets fixes des ménages soient inclus ou non dans les modèles économétriques de données de panel, qu'il existe une relation positive et significative entre les changements dans la richesse des ménages et la diversification des moyens de subsistance, ceteris paribus. Outre la richesse patrimoniale, d'autres déterminants importants des changements positifs dans la diversification des moyens de subsistance au cours de la période étudiée sont: le niveau initial de diversification, les changements démographiques tels que l'âge, le sexe (étant un ménage dirigé par une femme) et le niveau d'éducation du chef du ménage à Kakamega, et l'utilisation accrue de la main-d'œuvre embauchée
The overall objective of this thesis is to understand the role of diversification at household level, its patterns, determinants and effects on rural smallholder farmers in SSA, as well as its implications for the process of structural transformation in SSA. In the thesis, I use a mixed methodology and combine different types of data on rural smallholders in SSA to answer the objectives – a review of previous literature, empirical data from quantitative surveys and qualitative fieldwork. The findings are presented in three articles:In the first article, I undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on the nature and evolution of rural livelihood diversification in SSA among smallholder farmers. It reveals mixed findings about the causes and consequences of livelihood diversification on the rural smallholders adopting this strategy. It shows that because of asset constraints increase in incomes and wealth based on livelihood diversification has not yet benefitted the large majority of smallholders in SSA. On the other hand, there are a lot of evidence from the literature suggesting that it is relatively better-off smallholders with sufficient assets, who achieve successful livelihood diversification, mainly by exploiting opportunities and synergies between farm and nonfarm activities. In the second article, I investigate the spatial and geographical patterns and determinants of income diversification using cross-sectional data on rural farm households from six regions in Senegal and Kenya. In addition, I supplement the analysis of the quantitative data with information from qualitative fieldwork. The findings show that the specific patterns and determinants of diversification differ significantly between regions, with push and pull factors sometimes acting concurrently. Although geographical location matters for income diversification, the context of the region seems to matter even more, as it influences the type of diversification households may engage in. In the third article, I use panel data to explore the geographical and gender dimensions of livelihood diversification and its determinants in two agricultural regions of rural Kenya (Kakamega and Nyeri). I complement the panel data with data from my own qualitative fieldwork. The empirical investigation into the dynamics and motivations for livelihood diversification shows that whether or not household fixed effects are included in the econometric panel data models, there is a positive and significant relationship between changes in household asset wealth and changes in livelihood diversification, ceteris paribus. In addition to asset wealth, other important determinants of positive changes in livelihood diversification over the study period include: the initial level of diversification, changes in demographic factors such as age, gender (being a female headed household) and level of education of the household head (in Kakamega), and increased use of hired labour
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Bell, Sandra. "International brand management of Chinese companies : case studies on the Chinese household applicances and consumer electronics industry entering US and Western European markets /." Heidelberg : Physica, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/558190448.pdf.

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Lambertini, Riccardo <1996&gt. "Household finance: life-cycle strategies." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18124.

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Longevity is increasing and retirees face the risk of outliving their income resources, perceived by the (compulsory) second pillar pension scheme. In this regard the European Commission has launched the pan-European pension program (PEPP) to help workers to deal with this type of risk. In the thesis I address the potential risks and benefits of different life-cycle strategies, which could be adopted in a (voluntary) third pillar pension scheme. I run a simulation and compare the results of eight strategies. The analysis aims at suggesting which one fits best the capital protection characteristics required by a default option in PEPP. The main results of the thesis concern the greater ability of life-cycle strategies in providing a higher wealth realization at retirement with respect to a minimum capital guarantee policy, and the very low probability that these strategies cannot recoup the amount of contributions paid by the worker.
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Mulandi, Bernice N. "Gaining women's views on household food security in Wote Sublocation, Kenya." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1194870643.

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Musekiwa, Pamela. "Livelihood strategies of female headed households in Zimbabwe: the case of Magaso Village, Mutoko District in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005967.

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This research study explored livelihood strategies that female headed households adopt in Magaso village of Mutoko district in Zimbabwe. The study intended to achieve the following objectives: (i) examine the existing livelihood strategies of female headed households (ii) explore the various challenges faced by female headed households and (iii) establish the support mechanisms in place for female headed households to cope with life challenges .The literature reviewed in the study was drawn from several researchers, and the study was shaped by the strengths perspectives and the liberal feminism perspective. The study was qualitative in nature and used interviews to collect data from fifteen (15) female headed households. The data collection process used an interview guide. The research employed a qualitative research design in the form of a case study cum a phenomenological study design. Data was analysed qualitatively using the content thematic data analysis which used interpretive approaches and presentation is textual rather than statistical. The study findings were the following: engaging in subsistence farming was found to be the main livelihood activity of the female heads; engaging in home gardens; exchanging labour for food; involvement in business; reliance on temporary employment from different agencies; reliance on handouts from government and other bodies; and household heads sanctioning child labour that compromises school attendance. Moreover, these female heads faced numerous difficulties ranging from emotional, social to financial problems that resulted in worsening the condition of women, and hence validating feminization of poverty among them. Several support mechanisms were discovered to be available for the female heads but they fail to produce to fruitful results to the lives of the female heads. The study made the following recommendations: mainstreaming gender education from childhood stage; efforts aimed at job creation; financial empowerment through setting up of micro schemes for rural women amongst; seeking the services of agricultural extension services to the female head farmers; improving the social services delivery in Zimbabwe equitably across genders and strengthening informal strategies to improve women‘s social capital. Lastly, the study concluded that little is being done in terms of policy formulation to make the support structures responsive to the female headed households especially in rural areas, hence the need for sustainable development through empowerment.
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Stokes, Michelline. "The Household Survival Strategies of Manufacturing Workers Displaced in Henry County and the New River Valley, 1990-2010." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73871.

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In this dissertation, I use interview data to answer three questions concerning the deindustrialization of southwest and southside Virginia. First, how have Radford City, Montgomery County, Pulaski County, the City of Martinsville and Henry County been affected by plant closures and mass layoffs at the community level? Second, how have displaced workers and their households been affected by this loss of manufacturing jobs? And third, what survival strategies have displaced workers and their households employed as a result of being displaced? In carrying out this research, I engage with four theoretical discussions: (1) deindustrialization of the US South, (2) the impact of deindustrialization on local communities and economies, (3) the impacts of deindustrialization on workers, and (4) workers' strategies for coping with job loss. I argue that the strategies employed are influenced, shaped, and/ or constrained by regional resources, family structure, and previous experience(s) with job loss due to plant closures and layoffs. The findings from this research suggest that household survival strategies are based on four influential or motivating factors: (1) the presence of a spouse and/or children in the home, (2) having prior experience with being displaced, (3) use of personal networks, and (4) utilization of spouses' knowledge, skills, and abilities. At the community level, there are two major findings. First, there is a level of resilience in the worst affected communities that keeps them moving forward, if at a slower pace than desired. Second, deindustrialization does not affect all manufacturing communities the same way. Local economic profiles, local resources, and past ties to manufacturing matter both in the severity of impacts and the options for rebounding and/ or creating new economic identities. For these reasons and others, it is suggested that future research continue to focus on individual communities and localities which are working to identify good long term solutions to address changes due to large scale economic disruption.
Ph. D.
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Temple, Bogusalawa. "Household Strategies and Types: The construction of social phenomena." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494583.

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Greenough, Karen Marie. "STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY: HOUSEHOLD ECOLOGIES OF FUL’BE IN TANOUT, NIGER." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/123.

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(Agro)pastoralism in Sahelian Niger, as elsewhere, operates through household enterprises. Katsinen-ko’en (Fulбe) households, interconnected within kin and community networks, utilize a range of flexible strategies to manage a variety of ecological and economic risks. This dissertation argues that (agro)pastoralist households and communities maintain or improve viability in risky environments first by employing various mobility patterns, among other strategies, and relying on the tightly knit interdependence between household and herd. Secondly, households that most successfully sustain a cooperative integrity (i.e. partnerships between husband and wife, or wives, and parents and children) to negotiate decisions and strategies best withstand adversities such as droughts. The continuance of vital links between household and herd helps the household enterprise more easily weather difficult times and profit during advantageous times. Thirdly, the transfer of endowments from parents to children of ecological, economic and political knowledges and socio-economic networks ensures the continuity of family livelihoods. This dissertation analyzes a range of household/herd mobility patterns on a livelihood continuum from sedentary agropastoralism to exclusive pastoralism, and the household decisions that lead to those mobilities. In this way, it adds to a growing body of literature that examines household strategies employed in very uncertain natural environments, contributing to pastoral studies and environmental anthropology. By folding household economics and political ecology into household ecology, it analyses resource and asset transfers within and between households, all under the influence of the natural and political-economic environments. Contributing to development anthropology, I argue that the most important buffer against the risks of unpredictable environments is a stable, undivided household, migrating with and managing its own herd. I conclude by showing how development research and projects should support household/herd integrity to enhance livelihood security. When government or development agencies institute policies and projects that remove children from the household, or separate households and herds, they endanger the integrity of the household and the reproduction of livelihoods that make essential contributions to national economies. Rather than urging pastoralists to modify their livelihoods to fit images held by ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION administrators, these organizations and agencies should help pastoralists to build on adaptations that already facilitate their management of risky environments.
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Watts, B. M. "Regional strategies for managing and developing household waste recycling." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639365.

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The UK has found it difficult to improve recycling levels with a market driven waste management strategy. These difficulties manifest themselves in barriers to both the supply of and demand for secondary materials. The thesis exposes the need to manage the collection of recyclable materials so as to improve its cost effectiveness and to develop existing and novel higher value markets for the materials recovered. This research has attempted to provide a practical contribution to furthering recycling on a regional level, whilst also providing useful inferences beyond this scope by investigating aspects of both the supply and demand side barriers pertaining to the recycling industry. On the supply side, the thesis presents findings from an audit of a kerbside recycling collection scheme and a survey of public participation. Among the conclusions are that collection must be strategically located and thus the optimisation of the scheme is explored. However, it is imperative that all parts of the recycling loop are addressed concurrently and that recycling strategies are not purely focused on collection. Therefore, the influence of changes in market conditions on the optimal location of collection is investigated. This also enables the prioritisation of material markets to be developed. On the demand side, the thesis examine some initiatives intent on developing markets for recyclate and propagates the need to engage small and medium sized enterprises in using secondary materials and for the provision of support in this regard on a regional level. Consequently, the findings of a series of structured interviews with small manufacturing companies are presented and the needs of industry in being able to utilise secondary materials discussed. Several conclusions are developed and the need for a regional authority to be established to facilitate the regionalisation of waste markets is propounded. In addition, some recommendations are made regarding regional strategies for managing and developing household waste recycling.
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Quinlan, Robert J. "Household composition and reproductive strategies in a Caribbean village /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974675.

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Books on the topic "Household strategie"

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Brusdal, Ragnhild. Husholdenes økonomi: Beredskap og strategier = Household economy : preparedness and strategies. Lysaker: Statens institutt for forbruksforskning, 1994.

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1948-, Niehof Anke, ed. The domestic domain: Chances, choices, and strategies of family households. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

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A, Mannan M. Female-headed households in rural Bangladesh: Strategies for well-being and survival. Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue, 2000.

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Islam, Mahmuda. Woman heads of household in rural Bangladesh: Strategies for survival. [Dhaka, Bangladesh]: Narigrantha Prabartana, 1991.

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Amare, Yared. Household resources, strategies and food security in Ethiopia: A study of Amhara households in Wogda, Northern Shewa. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Published jointly by the Dept. of Sociology and Social Administration and the Addis Ababa University Press, 1999.

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Kaufmann, Lena. Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734.

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How do rural Chinese households deal with the conflicting pressures of migrating into cities to work as well as staying at home to preserve their fields? This is particularly challenging for rice farmers, because paddy fields have to be cultivated continuously to retain their soil quality and value. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and written sources, Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China describes farming households' strategic solutions to this predicament. It shows how, in light of rural-urban migration and agro-technological change, they manage to sustain both migration and farming. It innovatively conceives rural households as part of a larger farming community of practice that spans both staying and migrating household members and their material world. Focusing on one exemplary resource - paddy fields - it argues that socio-technical resources are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Overall, this book provides rare insights into the rural side of migration and farmers' knowledge and agency.
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Lim, Hin Fui. Poverty & household economic strategies in Malaysian new villages. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Pelanduk Publications, 1994.

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Social Scientists' Association of Sri Lanka., ed. Negotiating household politics: Women's strategies in urban Sri Lanka. Colombo: Social Scientists' Association, 2004.

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Herren, Urs. Pastoral peasants: Household strategies in Mukogodo Division, Laikipia District. Nairobi, Kenya: Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, 1988.

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McAndrew, John P. Interdependence in household livelihood strategies in two Cambodian villages. [Phnom Penh]: Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Household strategie"

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Nickanor, Ndeyapo, Lawrence Kazembe, and Jonathan Crush. "Food Insecurity, Food Sourcing and Food Coping Strategies in the OOO Urban Corridor, Namibia." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_9.

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AbstractThe urbanizing world population has seen increased food insecurity in urban spaces, a result of unsustainable food systems, growing inequalities and weak urban governance that lacks urban food strategies. To improve our knowledge of household strategies employed to survive in urban spaces, we conducted a household survey to examine the relationship between coping strategies,food insecurity and dietary diversity in the secondary cities corridor of Oshakati-Ongwediva-Ondangwa (OOO) in Northern Namibia. The data were collected from 853 households, using a cluster-stratified sampling design. Household food insecurity in the corridor was77%, while the mean dietary diversity was less than 5. These measures differed by coping strategy andfood sourcing mechanism. The most common coping strategy was to rely on less preferred and less expensive foods (67%). Rural–urban food transfers were another common strategy (55%), while some households grow some of their own food in rural areas (23%). Urban agriculture is very limited as are informal social protection strategies such as sharing meals, borrowing from neighbours and providing food to neighbours or other households in the community.
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Fernández de Pinedo, Nadia, Maria Paz Moral, and Emiliano Fernández de Pinedo. "Un changement radical dans la consommation de tissus par la royauté et son milieu (1293-1504): de la laine au lin et à la soie." In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 119–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.09.

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Since the reign of Juan II and especially Queen Isabel I of Castile, we have found that silk fabrics had displaced expensive dyed wool cloths from the first place, at least among the privileged groups. At the same time, a very fine linen fabric, the holanda spread in a spectacular way, at least in the case of the House of Isabel I, especially as body linen and household line. In this article, we discuss how these changes could be transmitted downwards through some examples of different social groups - nobility, townspeople, peasants - considering the economic and social limitations that would have been relevant in its diffusion.
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Ndesanjo, Ronald Boniphace, Ida Theilade, and Martin Reinhardt Nielsen. "Pathways to Enhance Climate Change Resilience among Pastoral Households in Northern Tanzania." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2591–609. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_128.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the pathways to enhance resilience to increased climate variability and directional change among pastoral households in Simanjiro District in Northern Tanzania. The study used household survey and rainfall and temperature data. Results indicate increasing temperature and decreasing precipitation trends over the past four decades. Also, extreme climatic events, particularly drought, have become more frequent. Food and water insecurity are key factors causing an increased household vulnerability. Increased climate change-induced malaria prevalence poses additional health risks. Household adaptive strategies include livelihood diversification and migration. Local institutions are instrumental in enhancing climate change resilience at the local level. We conclude that livelihood diversification and migration are key pathways to enhancing households’ climate change resilience.
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Raimundo, Inês Macamo, and Mary Caesar. "Understanding Food Security and Hunger in Xai-Xai, Mozambique." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 273–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_13.

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AbstractThe cyclical alternation of drought, cyclones and floods threaten food security for households in rapidly growing coastal cities such as Xai-Xai, Mozambique. Inhabitants of Xai-Xai are highly dependent on urban subsistence agriculture and informal markets in order to guarantee food for their households. Both of these food security strategies have been affected by natural disasters in recent years making it difficult for households to access food. Recent research discussed in this chapter demonstrates that urban households are deprived of basic needs and live under permanent stress manifested by their inability to provide a pot of xima meal on household’s tables. The area around Xai-Xai used to be the granary of the southern Mozambique, but it is no longer able to guarantee that role. A common response among Xai-Xai residents to questions about urban food security is that food security is a concept for experts who do not understand their lived experiences. To them, food security associated with the whole household having enough xima. This chapter examines the concept of food security from the perspective of what really matters to households in the context of extreme events. The chapter integrates the lead author’s reflections on her community’s experiences with hunger and food security during her childhood with recent research on food security in Mozambique. The significance of this method in this instance is, as stated above, to uncover food security experiences that may well escape rigorous quantitative methods.
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Chakona, Gamuchirai. "Household Dietary Patterns and Food Security Challenges in Peri-Urban South Africa: A Reflection of High Unemployment in the Wake of Rising Food Prices." In Transforming Urban Food Systems in Secondary Cities in Africa, 231–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93072-1_11.

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AbstractUrbanization is one of the major social changes in developing regions. This has influenced urban food insecurity and malnutrition in South Africa where poverty, unemployment and high food prices are dominant and influencing dietary change. The study considered dietary diversities and food security of households in four peri-urban settlements in South Africa through household surveys with 314 randomly selected households. Dietary diversity was generally low with high levels of food insecurity across the peri-urban sites, with male-headed households generally worse off than female-headed households. There was high dependence on food purchasing in all sites, although female-headed households were more likely than male-headed households to supplement food purchases with other food strategies such as urban agriculture, collection from open spaces and receiving donations. Food insecurity was associated with high poverty levels, unemployment and low education levels. A coherent response that effectively addresses food and nutrition insecurity challenges in peri-urban areas is an important component in addressing food insecurity in peri-urban settings of South Africa. Such a response should support localized and diverse “context specific” food systems which are sustainable and healthier and make food more affordable.
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Ota, Tetsuji, Pichdara Lonn, and Nobuya Mizoue. "Contribution of Community-Based Ecotourism to Forest Conservation and Local Livelihoods." In Decision Science for Future Earth, 197–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_9.

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AbstractTropical forests significantly contribute to local livelihoods as well as global carbon storage and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, a strategy that harmonizes a better quality of life for local people with tropical forest conservation is required. In Community-based ecotourism (CBET), the local community participates in related economic activities. In this chapter, we summarize our current studies that quantified the contribution of CBET to the income and livelihoods of local people and forest conservation. We selected the Chambok CBET site in Cambodia for our case study. First, we quantified the effectiveness of CBET in forest conservation by analyzing forest cover change with published maps created from satellite images. Second, we evaluated the contribution of CBET to household income and livelihood changes through a household survey using a questionnaire. Analysis of the forest cover change maps revealed that deforestation had significantly decreased inside the CBET area as compared to outside it, although the reduction was not enough to stop net deforestation. The survey revealed that the total monthly income of CBET member households and non-CBET households was not significantly different. It also showed that the community members felt the livelihood change after the implementation of CBET. However, this change may have been caused by general socioeconomic changes in Cambodia. We conclude that CBET effectively contributed to forest conservation but in a limited capacity to household income.
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Toro, Francisca, Esteban Fernández-Vázquez, and Mònica Serrano. "The Gender–energy–poverty Nexus Under Review: A Longitudinal Study for Spain." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 117–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_6.

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AbstractLinks between gender, poverty, and energy have been hinted at in many studies mainly focused on livelihood strategy and economic development of low income, showing that the consequences of energy poverty may vary between women and men mainly because women are more exposed to deal with energy-related activities. At the European Union, where more than 50 million people are unable to afford proper indoor thermal comfort, the main research constraint is the lack of publicly access to gender-disaggregated data on energy poverty. This chapter contributes to literature on the gender–energy–poverty nexus, providing a quantitative analysis of the gender differences in energy consumption from a longitudinal perspective to empirically support previous studies on the topic. We focus on Spain as a case study, by using longitudinal data from Spanish Household Budget Survey from 1998 to 2018. To better analyze the gender effects, we study the energy consumption patterns of female and male breadwinner households as well as female and male one-person households. We also apply an Ordinary Least Square regression model to analyze the significance of gender and expenditure level considering the expenditure on residential energy and transport fuels and controlling for other household characteristics.
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Leonard, Madeleine. "Household Economic Strategies: Work Beyond Employment." In Invisible Work, Invisible Workers, 90–112. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371873_5.

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Faiella, Ivan, and Luciano Lavecchia. "Households’ Energy Demand and Carbon Taxation in Italy." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 173–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35684-1_8.

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AbstractSince the second half of 2021, Italian households have experienced a significant increase in energy prices. Nonetheless the relevance of this issue, information on energy use and how quantity reacts to price increases is still scant and with a very limited level of disaggregation. We propose a novel methodology to estimate the demand and elasticity of electricity, heating and private transport fuels by aligning the microdata of the Italian Household Budget Survey with several external sources. These estimates can be used to assess how energy expenditure weighs on vulnerable households and the effects of a carbon tax. A carbon tax would—as expected—raise significant revenues and curb CO2 emissions but it could also have sizable regressive effects. In order to limit these undesired effects and to increase social consensus, policymakers should devise a set of suitable revenue recycling strategies.
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Jansen, Gemma. "Rainwater Collection Strategies in Pompeian Houses." In Water in Ancient Mediterranean Households, 96–117. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003268222-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Household strategie"

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Wisnubhadra, Irya, Anggoro Cahyo Sukartiko, Rendayu Jonda Neisyafitri, and Jumeri. "Digital Marketing to Support the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Tuksono Village, Sentolo, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.22.

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The poverty rate in Indonesia is still at 7.60% or equivalent to 26.50 million people, which is still relatively high as of September 2021—women are the vulnerable subgroup among the impoverished and are often inevitably stigmatized. On the contrary, women’s tenacity to face an economic crisis following their capacity to sustain the household economy is an ineluctable fact. This is proven by the productive business ventures that have survived the economic crisis, founded and managed by Indonesian women. Household economic resilience may significantly impact a community's economic resilience. Thus, women in households’ empowerment in the economic realm are notably crucial. Looking for the best strategies to strengthen households’ economic resilience and upgrade the ability to compete in an intense economic rivalry becomes urgent. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) empowerment is one of the most efficient ways to develop a community. Tuksono Village is one of the villages with a high poverty rate in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Yet, based on early observations, several MSMEs exist in Tuksono Village, although Covid-19 has severely impacted most since early March 2020. Based on the latest MSME situation in Tuksono Village, The analysis indicates that various issues must be addressed immediately. Some problems were that most MSMEs are not currently competitive, unstable offline marketing progress due to the pandemic, and the absence of indicators to measure the effectiveness of household economy’s products marketing. This activity aims to design an information system and digital marketing platform for MSME products in Tuksono Village.
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Pakravan, Mohammad H., and Nordica MacCarty. "Evaluating User Intention for Uptake of Clean Technologies Using the Theory of Planned Behavior." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85992.

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Understanding and integrating a user’s decision-making process into design and implementation strategies for clean energy technologies may lead to higher product adoption rates and ultimately increased impacts, particularly for those products that require a change in habit or behavior. To evaluate the key attributes that formulate a user’s decision-making behavior to adopt a new clean technology, this study presents the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior, a method to quantify the main psychological attributes that make up a user’s intention for health and environmental behaviors. This theory was applied to the study of biomass cookstoves. Surveys in two rural communities in Honduras and Uganda were conducted to evaluate households’ intentions regarding adoption of improved biomass cookstoves. Multiple ordered logistic regressions method presented the most statistically significant results for the collected data of the case studies. Baseline results showed users had a significant positive mindset to replace their traditional practices. In Honduras, users valued smoke reduction more than other attributes and in average the odds for a household with slightly higher attitude toward reducing smoke emissions were 2.1 times greater to use a clean technology than someone who did not value smoke reduction as much. In Uganda, less firewood consumption was the most important attribute and on average the odds for households were 1.9 times more to adopt a clean technology to save fuel than someone who did not value fuelwood saving as much. After two months of using a cookstove, in Honduras, households’ perception of the feasibility of replacing traditional stoves, or perceived behavioral control, slightly decreased suggesting that as users became more familiar with the clean technology they perceived less hindrances to change their traditional habits. Information such as this could be utilized for design of the technologies that require user behavior changes to be effective.
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Farley, Alex, Hollis Belnap, and Masood Parvania. "Public Investment Strategies to Reduce Household Energy Burdens." In 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT-LA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-la56058.2023.10328325.

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Suhaeb, Firdaus W., Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng, Abdul Rahman, and Sampean. "Gender in Farmer Household Livelihood Strategies in South Sulawesi." In 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201014.130.

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Qin, Zhaoming, Haochen Hua, Hong Liang, Randa Herzallah, Yuyang Zhou, and Junwei Cao. "Optimal Electricity Trading Strategy for a Household Microgrid." In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264421.

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Gao, M., H. H. Guan, Q. B. Li, H. Yin, S. W. Xia, D. Y. Zhang, X. Gao, W. Wang, S. F. Zhang, and L. Y. Wang. "Cooperative Optimal Operation Strategy of Household Electric Heating." In 2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei2.2018.8582420.

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Guevara-Cedeño, Jessica Yarelys, and Esaú Saenz Jordán. "Strategies for Transition to Clean Energy: Household Cooking in Panama." In 21st LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education and Technology (LACCEI 2023): “Leadership in Education and Innovation in Engineering in the Framework of Global Transformations: Integration and Alliances for Integral Development”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2023.1.1.873.

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Pagels, Kelvin Østergaard, Mikkel Bayard Rasmussen, and Devarajan Ramanujan. "Addressing Information Gaps in Household Waste Sorting Using a Mobile Application." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97385.

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Abstract The Danish government has outlined a target of recycling 50% of total household waste by the year 2022. Improving household waste sorting is an important consideration towards achieving this goal. This paper focuses on understanding existing waste sorting practices among Danish residents and exploring whether a mobile application can help address any existing information gaps. We conducted a preliminary survey (N = 180) that assessed preference for sorting strategies and the types of waste sorted. Following this a more detailed survey was conducted (N = 357) that assessed residents’ motivation to sort household waste, knowledge of local sorting requirements, information gaps that prevent effective sorting, and need for specific features in a mobile application. Results show over one-third of respondents felt they needed additional waste sorting information. Respondents had fewer inaccuracies disposing items within a single waste stream (e.g., electronics waste) compared to items with mixed waste streams (e.g., milk carton with a plastic cap). Based on these findings we propose the design of a mobile application that can potentially improve household waste sorting.
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Luo, Xing, Xu Zhu, Enggee Lim, and Wolfgang Kellerer. "Electric Vehicles Assisted Multi-Household Cooperative Demand Response Strategy." In 2019 IEEE 89th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2019-Spring). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746613.

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Wang, Zhennan, Penghui Li, Zhong Liu, Wei Zheng, Yang Dong, Peng Sun, and Bo Yang. "Research on Optimal Control Strategy of Household Electricity Load." In 2021 3rd Asia Energy and Electrical Engineering Symposium (AEEES). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aeees51875.2021.9402980.

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Reports on the topic "Household strategie"

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Aizenman, Joshua, Eduardo Cavallo, and Ilan Noy. Precautionary Strategies and Household Saving. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21019.

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Gandelman, Néstor. Do the Rich Save More in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011692.

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This paper follows two strategies to address whether the rich save more. First, the paper implements a two-stage procedure in which the household's lifetime income is instrumented with the education level of the household head and the education level of his/her partner. Second, using information on home assets, the paper constructs a wealth index. There is evidence that the richest households save more in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay and Peru. On the other hand, no differences are found in saving rates by lifetime income or wealth in Bahamas, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay.
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Nazneen, Sohela, Raihan Ahamed, Syeda Salina Aziz, Anuradha Joshi, Miguel Loureiro, Niranjan Jathavedan Nampoothiri, Jahid Nur, Nowshin Sharmila, Rabeena Sultana Ananna, and Shahaduz Zaman. Being New Poor in Bangladesh: Coping Strategies, Constraints, and Trajectories. Institute of Development Studies, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.012.

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Recent studies of the Covid-19 pandemic have found that millions in Bangladesh fell into poverty during this time, and they were unable to recover to their pre-pandemic economic position. This study draws on qualitative panel data collected from 39 new-poor households in Khulna, coping with pandemic-induced shocks and attempting to come out of poverty. How are the new poor attempting to recover: what strategies are they using and what constraints do they face? What are the implications for governance of their efforts? Based on their pre-pandemic economic conditions, we divide these new-poor households into two categories: those that were ‘never poor’ and ‘the vulnerable non-poor’ households. All the new-poor households we engaged with used a variety of strategies to cope and recover which included financial strategies such as borrowing money, livelihood strategies such as having multiple occupations, cost-reduction strategies such as decreasing expenditure on health and education, and social safety strategies such as accessing social protection. The main constraints that these households faced were many. These included their inability to access loans and access finances, limited access to social protection, lack of trust and expectations from the local government to provide services to aid their recovery, and social norms around honour and shame which limited their ability to seek assistance or have female members of the household engage in an income-generating activity. Most ‘never-poor’ households were recovering while most of the vulnerable households were stuck. Governance implications of the experiences of these households include the state playing a bigger role in supporting the new poor, limiting the role intermediaries and informal networks play in how social protection is provided, strengthening practices that build trust in local government, and tackling corruption.
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Lee, Dong-Yeon, Bingrong Sun, Alana Wilson, Megan Day, Patricia Romero-Lankao, Nicole Rosner, Fan Yang, Aaron Brooker, and Jane Lockshin. LA100 Equity Strategies. Chapter 10: Household Transportation Electrification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2221842.

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Baliki, Ghassan, Tilman Brück, and Hala Ghattas. Syria: Do Complex Agricultural Interventions Strengthen Food Security? Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/ceb1.

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This evidence brief reports on the analysis of the impacts of a complex agricultural intervention on households’ food security status as well as agricultural crop and livestock production in a humanitarian setting. The authors consider income generated from agricultural value chain activities and individuals’ use of harmful livelihood strategies to cope with shortages of food. The impact analysis adopts a quasi-experimental approach using household survey data collected from beneficiary (treatment group) and non-beneficiary (control group) households in Syria before, during and after the interventions took place (3 waves in total). They also explore whether the outcome indicators vary meaningfully by gender and by access to irrigation.
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Chakravorty, Ujjayant, and Martino Pelli. Electrification and development: Empirical evidence on the effect of electricity provision on household welfare. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/soan1297.

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The effect of electrification on economic outcomes is a major new area of study in environment and development economics. Almost a billion people in the world do not have access to grid electricity. Providing them a grid connection will be costly and polluting as well, even if powered by cleaner fossil fuels such as natural gas, instead of coal. However, the economic benefits of electricity are not well understood. Some studies find large effects on economic development in the long run, while others find small or negligible impacts on households in the short run. These benefits may also depend on household characteristics such as credit constraints that prevent them from consuming power or investing in complimentary assets. This paper highlights the state of current knowledge on the costs and benefits of electrification by reviewing the recent empirical literature. We discuss the identification strategies employed and evaluate the effect of electrification on a variety of household-level outcomes such as income, employment and education.
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Adelaja, Adesoji, Justin George, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Titus Awokuse, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Lenis Saweda O. Liverpool-Tasie. How Conflicts Affect Land Expansion by Smallholder Farmers: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.015.

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The expansion of smallholder farms into larger farm sizes is a key strategy for growing agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. This strategy could simultaneously expand farm incomes while addressing poverty since the majority of farms in sub-Saharan Africa are smallholder farms. There is limited existing research on the possible role of conflicts in stymying the ability of smallholder farmers to transition into larger-scale farming and on the impacts of conflicts in areas that are not directly within active conflict zones. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of conflict on the ability of smallholder farmers to transition to larger scales in two regions that are not in a traditional conflict zone, by developing a household utility maximisation model to explain choices made by farm households in response to conflict.
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Baliki, Ghassan, Dorothee Weiffen, Melodie Al Daccache, Aysegül Kayaoglu, Lara Sujud, Hadi Jaafar, Hala Ghattas, and Tilman Brück. Seeds for recovery: The long-term impacts of a complex agricultural intervention on welfare, behaviour and stability in Syria (SEEDS). Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp7.

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There is scarce evidence on whether and how assistance in humanitarian emergencies and conflict settings impacts household well-being and behaviour. Conducting rigorous impact evaluations in such settings poses multiple challenges in design and data collection. In SEEDS, we evaluate the impact of a complex large-scale multi-arm agricultural intervention on productivity, food security, and resilience in the context of an on-going humanitarian crisis in Syria. Specifically, we identify the causal impacts of agricultural asset transfers over various time horizons (the short-, medium-, and long-run), and across different conditions and subgroups (gender and conflict intensity) at the household-level. We evaluate the effectiveness of irrigation rehabilitation separately at the community-level. We use and combine various data sources, including a unique survey panel dataset collected over a period of four years from multiple governorates in Syria, satellite remote-sensing data, and publicly available violent conflict incidence and weather data. Our findings from using cutting-edge machine and deep learning approaches together with innovative balancing and analytical methods can be summarised as follows: For average treatment effects at the household-level, we find that the provision of agricultural asset support leads to significant improvements in food security in the short- and long-term, three years after the intervention. The positive and significant effect on food security is driven mainly by the increased consumption of healthy food items such as vegetables. In the long-run, livestock support reduces the use of harmful coping strategies households employ to deal with food shortages. Interestingly, we find that households who received vegetable kits are not just less likely to sell their productive assets in the long-term but also are less likely to marry off their young daughters or send their children to work. Overall, we find that both agricultural and livestock asset support is key to improving households’ resilience in the long-term. The irrigation rehabilitation interventions at the community-level positively affected agricultural productivity compared to the pre-intervention and pre-conflict periods. However, these effects were only significantly pronounced in the spring season. As for the heterogeneity analysis, we find that female-headed households benefit remarkably more in terms of food security in the medium-term compared to male-headed families. Moreover, households residing in areas that are moderately affected by violent conflict show stronger food security improvements compared to households from peaceful or conflict-intense settings. Overall, we draw three overarching lessons from our findings in SEEDS: First, agricultural support in protracted conflict settings effectively improves the long-term welfare and resilience of vulnerable households. In fact, the presence of an ongoing humanitarian operation acts as a social safety net if circumstances deteriorate suddenly. Second, not all interventions are equally effective, and not all households equally benefit, underscoring the need to design and implement inclusive context-specific interventions with detailed targeting. Third, methodologically, using multiple remote data sources and machine learning methods help overcome challenges in conducting rigorous impact evaluations in hard-to-reach humanitarian emergency settings.
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9

Hallward-Driemeier, Mary, Carmen Pagés, and Reyes Aterido. Does Expanding Health Insurance Beyond Formal-Sector Workers Encourage Informality?: Measuring the Impact of Mexico's Seguro Popular. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011476.

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Seguro Popular (SP) was introduced in 2002 to provide health insurance to the 50 million Mexicans without Social Security. This paper tests whether the program has had unintended consequences, distorting workers' incentives to operate in the informal sector. The analysis examines the impact of SP on disaggregated labor market decisions, taking into account that program coverage depends not only on the individual's employment status, but also on that of other household members. The identification strategy relies on the variation in SP's rollout across municipalities and time, with the difference-in-difference estimation controlling for household fixed effects. The paper finds that SP lowers formality by 0.4-0.7 percentage points, with adjustments largely occurring within a few years of the program's introduction. Rather than encouraging exit from the formal sector, SP is associated with a 3.1 percentage point reduction (a 20 percent decline) in the inflow of workers into formality. Income effects are also apparent, with significantly decreased flows out of unemployment and lower labor force participation. The impact is larger for those with less education, in larger households, and with somebody else in the household guaranteeing Social Security coverage. However, workers pay for part of these benefits with lower wages in the informal sector.
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10

Bérgolo, Marcelo, and Guillermo Cruces. Labor Informality and the Incentive Effects of Social Security: Evidence from a Health Reform in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011359.

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This paper studies the incentive effects of social security benefits on labor market informality following a policy reform in Uruguay. The reform extended health benefits to dependent children of private sector salaried workers, and thus altered the incentive structure of holding formal jobs within the household. The identification strategy of the reform¿s effects relies on a comparison between workers with children (affected by the reform) and those without children (unaffected by the reform). Difference in differences estimates indicate a substantial effect of this expansion of coverage on informality rates, which fell significantly by about 1.3 percentage points (a 5 percent change) among workers in the treatment group with respect to those in the control group. The evidence also indicates that individuals within households jointly optimized their allocation of labor to the formal and informal sector. Workers responded to the increased incentives for only one member of the household to work in the formal sector. These findings provide evidence of the relevant and substantial incentive effects of social security benefits on the allocation of employment.
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