Journal articles on the topic 'Household employees – France – History'
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1
Ilyinykh, Vladimir A. "PERSONAL HOUSEHOLD PLOTS OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES OF SIBERIA IN THE 1930S: DYNAMICS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS." Ural Historical Journal 76, no. 3 (2022): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-144-152.
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Formation of a new model of agrarian system was the result of mass collectivization in the USSR. Collective farms were its organizational and production basis. The second largest sector of agriculture in terms of production potential consisted of personal household plots. They were main producers of potatoes, vegetables and milk, and a significant part of meat products. Soviet and Russian historiography has paid main attention to the study of the personal plots of collective farmers, overlooking the dynamics of personal plots of workers and employees. The author of the article reconstructs factors and trends of development of personal household plots of workers and employees in Siberia in the 1930s. It was found that in the early 1930s the size of personal plots of this category of population was minimal. State farm workers were prohibited from personal farming, and personal household plots of other categories of workers and employees were taxed at the rates of individual farmers. After the 1932–1933 mass famine, several restrictions on the development of personal household plots were canceled. Level of its taxation was decreased. Liberalization of state policy and an increasing part of workers and employees in population of the region led to a rapid growth in production potential of their personal plots. Development rate of workers and employees’ personal plots was higher than that of collective farmers. In the late 1930s a campaign took place to limit the size of personal household plots. Taxation was increased. This led to decline in the personal sector of agricultural economy.
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Broomhall, Susan. "Understanding Household Limitation Strategies among the Sixteenth-Century Urban Poor in France." French History 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/cri056.
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Harvey, Margaret. "The Household of Cardinal Langham." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 47, no. 1 (January 1996): 18–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900018625.
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Simon Langham, archbishop of Canterbury and former abbot of Westminster, was made cardinal priest of St Sixtus by Urban v on 22 September 1368. Resigning Canterbury, he joined the pope in Italy, formally entering on his duties at Montefiascone on 24 May 1369. He returned with the pope to Avignon in late 1370. In early 1371 he was employed by Pope Gregory XI as a legate in France, England and the Low Countries but by April 1373 was rejoining the curia. After that he lived continuously in Avignon until his death on 22 July 1376, though little is known about his activities. At the curia like all cardinals he maintained a household. The aim of this study is to discuss who were its members, to consider their recruitment and careers and to ask a few questions about Langham's patronage.
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Boxer, Marilyn J., and Susan Bachrach. "Dames Employees: The Feminization of Postal Work in Ninetenth-Century France." American Historical Review 90, no. 2 (April 1985): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1852729.
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Hardwick, Julie. "Fractured Domesticity in the Old Regime: Families and Global Goods in Eighteenth-Century France." American Historical Review 124, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz645.
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Abstract The fractured nature of emergent domesticity in its first phase in the 1760s was inextricably tied to the perils as well as promises of commerce for individual households in an unpredictable global economy, although historians have focused on the metropolitan roots of domesticity. A microhistorical exploration of the world of a single household in the French city of Lyon brings the fault lines of a globalizing economy, consumption, and domesticity into sharp focus as lived experience. It suggests the uneven terrain of domesticity, in terms of gender, household, and family, as well as for producers and consumers. In the experiences of household members and in the classified advertisements in the local newspaper, fractured domesticity was manifest, the conjugal labor—reproductive and productive—that made global domesticity local was evident, and the centrality of commercial risk as a fault line in domesticity was clarified. The power and limits of “domesticity” as an emotional, cultural, and economic as well as political project were located in familial practice. The potency and limits of domesticity functioned as a system of power that was contingent, layered, and fragmented and that highlighted and elided emotional, reproductive, and productive costs in particular ways at particular times.
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Ahmed, Meherun. "Added Worker Effect Revisited: The “Aubry’s Law” in France as a Natural Experiment." Review of European Studies 8, no. 1 (February 13, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n1p102.
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<p>The Added Worker Effect (AWE) refers to an increase in the labor supply of secondary earners in a household in response to a decrease in the income of the primary earner. Most empirical research on the AWE has focused on increases in the labor force participation of married women when their husbands experience unemployment spells, but recent government-mandated decreases in standard hours in several European countries provide an alternative source of exogenous decreases in the work hours of married men. Empirical research in evaluating the effectiveness of such policy, mostly investigated the impact on the workers who were directly affected by the policy. A model of household decision making suggests that work hour restrictions without full wage compensation should have spillover effects on the labor supply of other household members, but little is known about this possible spillover effect. This is the first attempt which empirically investigates the existence of AWE using mandatory reduction in standard working hours in France (<em>Aubry’s Law 1998</em>) as a natural experiment. The results show that the exogenous reduction in standard work hours for husbands does not lead to any unemployment to employment transition of wives but increases the number of hours worked by wives who are already in the market and are not affected by the law themselves. It is also found that in terms of hours worked, AWE is more prominent in low income families and for families with more members as family size is positively correlated with the degree of credit constraint.</p>
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Cebulla, Andreas. "The social orientations and ideologies of UK finance employees at the onset of the Global Financial Crisis." Capital & Class 41, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816816678574.
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Debates about the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 have pointed at institutional and individual-behavioural factors as its causes. Using the British Household Panel Survey, this article highlights marked differences in perceptions of societal and economic fairness among financial services employees in investment or management positions in the United Kingdom and the general working population at the brink of the Global Financial Crisis. Panel data analysis suggests that financial services and occupations did not necessarily attract employees with pro-market attitudes, but that employment in these institutions and occupations made it more likely that employees came to display these perceptions, contributing to the construction of a distinct attitudinal profile of finance employees.
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Corley, Christopher R., and Julie Hardwick. "The Practice of Patriarchy: Gender and the Politics of Household Authority in Early Modern France." Sixteenth Century Journal 30, no. 3 (1999): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2544865.
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Brunelle, Gayle K., and Julie Hardwick. "The Practice of Patriarchy: Gender and the Politics of Household Authority in Early Modern France." American Historical Review 104, no. 4 (October 1999): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649719.
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McQuillan, Kevin. "Family Composition and Remarriage in Alsace, 1750–1850." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 33, no. 4 (April 2003): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00221950360536512.
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Data from a family reconstitution study of five villages in Alsace, France, point to the importance of family composition as a determinant of remarriage. For widows and widowers, the likelihood of remarriage increased with the number of children fourteen years of age or younger in their household, though the result was statistically significant only for men. Moreover, having an older daughter (fifteen to twenty-one years of age) was associated with a much lower likelihood of remarriage for widowers, and, surprisingly, for widows as well.
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Babich, I. L. "Professional Adaptation of North Caucasians in Emigration (1920–1930s, France)." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 4 (2020): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.412.
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This article considers models of the professional arrangement of North Caucasian émigrés in France in the 1920s and 1930s. Using new archival and field ethnographic materials, we explore the social and political activities of North Caucasians as a profession and as a view of life; and the activities of the Caucasian group of oil owners (leader — Nobel), who before the Revolution were engaged in oil production in the Caucasus or owned shares of oil firms. France had the most cars in Europe for the 1920s and 1930s. Therefore, it was not surprising that many emigrants from Russia, including North Caucasians, began working as chauffeurs, taxi drivers, and auto mechanics. In addition, they often became employees of auto factories (e. g. as specialists and laborers). Since there were many military people among North Caucasian émigrés, many they decided to join the French Foreign Legion. Emigrants from the North Caucasus pursued publishing, literary, journalistic, scientific, and teaching activities. In Russia many North Caucasians received a legal education but could not work as lawyers in France. Medical activity was also rare. In emigration there were several North Caucasians who became artists, singers, and dancers who performed in restaurants opened by North Caucasians. The children of the first wave of North Caucasian emigrants, as a rule, received higher education in France, and many of them managed to obtain excellent careers.
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Pouquet, Marie, Dorine Decarreaux, Pol Prévot-Monsacré, Corentin Hervé, Andréas Werner, Brigitte Grosgogeat, Hélène Blanché, et al. "Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies among Four Groups of Primary Health-Care Workers and Their Household Contacts 6 Months after the Initiation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in France: SeroPRIM Study Protocol." Pathogens 10, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070911.
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Background: The protocol study will focus on the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection as well as the history, symptoms, and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in four primary health-care workers (PHCWs) and their household contacts in metropolitan France. Methods: Here, we propose a protocol for a nationwide survey to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection in four PHCW populations (general practitioners, pediatricians, pharmacists and assistants, and dentists and assistants) and their household contacts. Participants will be included from June to July 2021 (Phase 1) among PHCW populations located throughout metropolitan France. They will be asked to provide a range of demographic and behavioral information since the first SARS-CoV-2 wave and a self-sampled dried blood spot. Phase 1 will involve also a questionnaire and serological study of PHCWs’ household contacts. Seroprevalence will be estimated using two ELISAs designed to detect specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in humoral fluid, and these results will be confirmed using a virus neutralization test. This study will be repeated from November to December 2021 (Phase 2) to evaluate the evolution of immune status achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection of PHCWs and to describe the history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Sturdy, D. "Shorter notice. The Practice of Patriarchy. Gender and the Politics of Household Authority in Early Modern France. J Hardwick." English Historical Review 114, no. 459 (November 1, 1999): 1309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.459.1309.
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Ford, Philip. "An Early French Renaissance Salon: The Morel Household." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i1.8942.
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Dès la fin des années 1540, la famille de Jean de Morel accueillait dans sa maison de la rue Pavée à Paris les poètes et les humanistes les plus proéminents de la capitale: Nicolas Bourbon, Jean Salmon Macrin, Jean Dorat parmi les néo-latins; Joachim Du Bellay, Ronsard, Jean-Antoine de Baïf, pour ne citer que quelques-uns des poètes de langue vulgaire. Or, la femme de Morel, Antoinette de Loynes, et ses trois filles, Camille, Lucrèce et Diane, avaient toutes les quatre reçu une éducation humaniste, leur permettant non seulement de participer aux activités littéraires et humanistes de ce que l'on a appelé le premier salon en France, mais encore d'attirer l'admiration du monde cultivé de l'époque. En examinant la correspondance des membres de la famille ainsi que certains ouvrages imprimés, cet article se propose d'illustrer les relations que les membres de la famille ont entretenues avec les visiteurs du salon ainsi que les changements d'attitude qui ont eu lieu au cours du XVIe siècle à l'égard de l'éducation des jeunes filles.
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Bancel, Nicolas, and Herman Lebovics. "Building the History Museum to Stop History: Nicolas Sarkozy’s New Presidential Museum of French History." French Cultural Studies 22, no. 4 (October 26, 2011): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155811417069.
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When he ran for president in 2007 Nicolas Sarkozy promised to build a museum of French history. He declared that he was troubled by the lack of a coherent account of the nation’s great moments and great heroes. On being elected, he started the planning process, finally settling on the Hôtel de Soubise, part of the Archives nationales, as the site of the future Maison de l’histoire de France. Although his project was supported by a certain number of intellectuals, many university scholars, especially the historians, raised strong objections to a concept that returned to the old Third Republic civic history in the style of Ernest Lavisse. The future museum was to offer visitors old-fashioned narrative history of male achievements, with no account taken of new insights that women’s, gender, social, cultural, colonial and immigration history have added to any discussion of what France is or might be. It rejects the idea that there have been, and can be, many ways of being French. The critics of the museum project deplored the instrumentalisation of the nation’s past – one of several such presidential ventures – for short-term political gain. The strike of archive employees, which lasted for several months, scuttled that site as the future home of the history museum. The story is not finished. The discussion of the presidential museum initiative is placed in a larger context in which increased economic neo-liberalism, greater state interventions at home and overseas, and the propagation of a nostalgic-conservative vision of the nation’s past reinforce each other, even as they coexist in uneasy union.
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Li (李永), Yong. "Institutional Discrimination and Workplace Racism." Journal of Chinese Overseas 16, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 267–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341426.
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Abstract For the past ten years, foreign students have provided the largest contingent of skilled migrants in France. Yet both the career paths of these graduates and their subjective experiences have remained largely unexamined. This paper focuses on the difficulties of Chinese graduates in France initially during their period of job seeking and then in their working lives. The paper has a two-fold objective. Firstly, it highlights the discriminatory nature of French immigration policy, one which maintains non-EU foreign graduates in a precarious legal position during the transition from study to work. Their precarious situation generates discrimination in the workplace from employers. Secondly, it shows that in the contemporary business world Chinese employees are subjected to subtle forms of racism, forms that are embedded in the routine functioning of companies. These experiences of discrimination and racism have a strong impact on these Chinese employees’ career paths and their access to rights.
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SCHÜRER, K. "Introduction: Household and family in past time further explored." Continuity and Change 18, no. 1 (May 2003): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416003004491.
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The articles in this special issue of Continuity and Change arose from a workshop held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, between 9 and 11 September 1999, hosted by the Universitat de les Illes Balears. The workshop was called to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of another conference, that held in Cambridge at the Faculty of History and at Trinity College in September 1969. It was this conference in 1969 that resulted in the publication of Household and family in past time: comparative studies in the size and structure of the domestic group over the last three centuries in England, France, Serbia, Japan and colonial North America, with further material from Western Europe, which itself has just celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. Household and family in past time (hereafter abbreviated to HFPT), in part largely due to the ‘analytic introduction on the history of the family’ contributed by Peter Laslett, subsequently became a seminal work in the field. It not only mapped out the methodological groundwork for the quantitative study of the historical co-resident domestic group, but perhaps unwittingly helped define a research agenda into comparative familial and social structural history that was followed for many years by Laslett, his colleagues at the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, and researchers from around the world. It became in a sense a manifesto, and one with which Peter Laslett personally was inexorably linked. Thus, with the sad death of Peter on 8 November 2001, this special issue of Continuity and Change took on a new double purpose: not only to mark the path-breaking 1969 conference and the subsequent publication of HFPT, but also to pay tribute to the remarkable life and work of Peter Laslett.
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Marks, John. "Le roman d’entreprise: Breaking the silence." French Cultural Studies 28, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155817724957.
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This article looks at three recent French novels in order to explore key themes in what has become known as the roman d’entreprise: Pierre Mari’s Résolution (2005), Nathalie Kuperman’s Nous étions des êtres vivants (2010) and Thierry Beinstingel’s Retour aux mots sauvages (2010). The figure of the entreprise functions both as a fictional representation of the post-Fordist workplace environment in companies such as France Télécom, and also as a means of tackling wider issues of work and social organisation in an era of neoliberal managerialism. The concepts of capitalist realism, organisational miasma and virtuality are used to analyse the ways in which the three novels convey the distinctive affective landscape of the contemporary entreprise. Fiction is used to consider the prolix and self-referential nature of the managerialist entreprise, which enables it to exert a significant influence on the individual and collective subjectivities of employees. The three novels focus on the capacity of the entreprise to capture language and impose an affect of silence on employees.
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Stuchebrukhov, Olga. "The "Nation-less" State of Great Britain and the Nation-State of France in Household Words." Victorian Periodicals Review 38, no. 4 (2005): 392–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vpr.2006.0017.
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Shishkin, Vladimir. "Ecclesiastical Household of Anna Yaroslavna, Queen of the Franks (1051–1075)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 5 (December 2020): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.5.1.
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Introduction. The court of Anna Yaroslavna, the French queen of the 11th century, has not been specifically studied in historical literature. The author proposes to find out how the ecclesiastical environment of the Queen was formalized and structured in 1051–1075, who of the church persons formed her inner circle, and whether the royal ecclesiastical household had an influence on the formation of the church policy of the crown. Methods. The methodology is a combination of institutional and social history as part of the systemic approach that makes it possible to understand the evolution of the Queen’s household within the curial Capetian system. Analysis. The reviewed sources indicate that Anna Yaroslavnas staying in France and her relationships with the curial clerics were very close. The Royal acts attest to Anna’s high level of involvement in the ecclesiastical affairs of France, her regular support for the church persons of Curia regis, the Chancellor-Bishop and his servants, as well as the state of curial priests. Results. The ecclesiastical entourage of King Henri I and Queen Anna largely shaped the policy of the Capetians and strengthened dynastic authority. As a widow and queen mother, Anna Yaroslavna played in accordance with the policies of Henry I and his predecessors, contributing to the further strengthening of the church presence at the court, and in particular the bishops in Curia regis, as opposed to the feudal clans and influence of the pope. At the same time, all her actions were aimed at the interests of the crown in order to guarantee the safe preservation of the throne for her son Philip I.
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SILVESTRO, L., M. CAPUTO, S. BLANCATO, L. DECASTELLI, A. FIORAVANTI, R. TOZZOLI, S. MORABITO, and A. CAPRIOLI. "Asymptomatic carriage of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in farm workers in Northern Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 5 (October 2004): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002390.
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Faecal samples from 350 farm workers on 276 dairy farms and 50 abattoir employees from seven different operations were examined for the presence of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) by an O157-specific enzyme-linked fluorescent assay followed by immuno-concentration. VTEC O157 was isolated from four (1·1%) of the farm workers. A second stool sample was obtained from the positive farm workers as well as from their household contacts. VTEC O157 was isolated from the wife of one of them. The strains from the same household shared the same Verocytotoxin genes profile, phage type and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. The VTEC O157-positive subjects had neither intestinal symptoms at the moment of sampling nor a history of bloody diarrhoea or renal failure. Our study seems to confirm the hypothesis that farm residents often develop immunity to VTEC O157 infection, possibly due to recurrent exposure to less virulent strains of VTEC.
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Reynolds, Jeremy, and Ashleigh Elain McKinzie. "Riding the Waves of Work and Life: Explaining Long-Term Experiences with Work Hour Mismatches." Social Forces 98, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 427–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy112.
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AbstractPaid work has become more precarious in the recent decades, prompting many conflicts between employers and employees, including struggles over work hours. To better understand these struggles, we provide the first examination of long-term experiences with work hour mismatches (i.e., gaps between the number of hours people prefer to work per week and the number of hours they actually work). Using sequence analysis and nearly two decades of data from the British Household Panel Study, we find heterogeneous but patterned experiences. Nearly everyone has an hour mismatch eventually (typically overemployment), and most people oscillate between having and not having hour mismatches. Existing theoretical accounts anticipate some hour mismatch sequences, but the data contradict several key predictions. Moreover, no account predicts the most dominant pattern: oscillating overemployment. We thus offer a new explanation, which proposes that hour mismatches usually come in waves but can be generated in different ways. Sometimes mismatches are caused by unstable work schedules. Other times, mismatches stem from inflexible work hours or job demands that intentionally or unintentionally prevent employees from altering their work hours to accommodate changing personal needs.
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Ashri, Muhamad Hasrol Mohd, Hazizi Abu Saad, and Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam. "Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life among Government Employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052626.
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The current rapid growth of the economy has necessitated an assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its associated factors among employees. Unfortunately, there are still limited data available in this area among the Malaysian working population in government sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with HRQOL among government employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study recruited 460 eligible government employees who worked in the area of Putrajaya through simple random sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to these participants to collect information on the SF-36 profile of scores, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and medical history. The results of this study signify that most of the participants were identified as having good HRQOL with the mean score of overall HRQOL was 72.42 ± 14.99. Multivariate analysis showed that being younger, receiving a better monthly personal income, a smaller household number, performing more physical activity, not having any chronic disease, and not using any long-term medication were significantly positively associated with overall HRQOL. The participants who did not have a family history of chronic disease were reported to be significantly associated with better mental component summary (MCS). Further, males were significantly positively associated with bodily pain (BP) and general health (GH) only, whereas better occupational status was limited to social functioning (SF). In conclusion, the results of this study provide motivation for future research and initiatives for improving the physical, emotional, and social well-being of government employees.
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Black, Robert A., and Claire G. Gilmore. "Crowding Out during Britain's Industrial Revolution." Journal of Economic History 50, no. 1 (March 1990): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700035749.
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Contrary to earlier assertions, the historical data for Britain do confirm a (lagged) crowding-out effect during the Industrial Revolution. Heavy government borrowing after 1793 for the wars with France raised interest rates. These results are confirmed with nominal-interest-rate equations rather than with real-rate equations, which impose restrictive assumptions about the adjustment of nominal rates to inflation expectations. We see no reason to abandon the neoclassical, factor- allocation model of saving and investment in favor of a theory asserting that firms accumulate capital for investment independently of household saving decisions.
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Kistaubayeva, А. K. "Labor immigration of Kazakhs to France." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-133-4-77-86.
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This article examines the state of labor immigration of the Kazakh Diaspora, as well as studying the possibilities of conditions for economic adaptation of Kazakhs in developed capitalist countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of labor migration of Kazakhs to France. Based on this goal, the study solves the following tasks aimed at studying the history and current situation of Kazakhs living in France, in the focus of analyzing the policy of the French government in relation to immigration workers and employees in the 1945- 1980-ies; the reasons for labor immigration of Kazakhs to France. Western Europe has become a center of attraction for foreign workers coming here, primarily from the less developed countries of the continent, as well as from Turkey. In the last ten years, inter-state migration of workers in Western Europe has grown to unprecedented proportions. Every year, more than a million workers were sent from one European country to another in search of work. The reasons lay in the political and economic crisis, the increase in the unemployment rate, which was the result of an increase in the number of migrants among Kazakhs in France. The post-war economic situation caused the demand for workers to restore the economy destroyed by the war, and led to an increase in the level of tariffs (wages). Scientists believe that the active replenishment of the French labor market with cheap foreign labor from other countries is due to the convenient location of France.
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Robin, Stéphane R. "Housing Careers for Social Tenants in France: A Case Study." Open House International 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2005-b0005.
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In France, social housing provides a significant proportion of housing services. The present contribution seeks to identify housing careers for social tenants, using event history analysis on a sample of over 40,000 households located in the Lille metropolitan area (in northern France). The data was provided by a local social housing company, and contains extensive geographical information. The analysis was conducted for the metropolitan area and for its three main cities (Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing). This made it possible to measure the effect of geographical location at both the agglomeration and neighbourhood levels. Our main results are threefold. First, access to better housing depends more on individual characteristics than on residential location; thus, it appears that comparatively favoured households may use social housing to increase their “upward mobility.” Secondly, forced mobility (eviction) depends on household histories and characteristics, but is spatially heavily concentrated. Finally, urban renewal, by increasing the quality of the built environment, tends - at least in some neighbourhoods - to make social housing more desirable (by giving households a stronger incentive to stay). It may thus improve the quality of life of people who are less likely to become homeowners or to access larger/more comfortable houses.
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Polino, Marie-Noëlle. "Railway workers in Second World War: Towards a reconciliation in historiography?" Journal of Transport History 39, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526618761426.
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New developments in research about the role of railway workers in the holocaust reopen the historical discussion and the public debates on the responsibility of agencies and individuals in the deportation of the Jews during Second World War. The role of French railway employees is central in the controversy. This paper, focusing on new publications regarding the case of France, aims to summarize the debate and offers two main questions, which still ask for more historical investigation.
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Bogomazov, N. I. "Forgotten, but not Ignored, Personnel: Female Labor on the Railways of the Russian Empire." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 1 (2022): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.112.
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The article discusses the book Forgotten Personnel. Female labor on the railways of the Russian Empire, written by V. A. Serdiuk. This book belongs to the popular scholarly trend of “gender history,” but it is not only a work on the history of women on the railways and an analysis of their work experience. The book is equally a study of the history of Russian railways in general: the author, using new data, presents a fresh look at the development of Russian railways from 1838 to 1917. The strength of the work is the presence in each of chapter of a separate paragraph on the development of the same “gender” processes on foreign railroads, especially in the USA, Great Britain, France, and Germany. This allows us to better understand Russian problems. The monograph shows that “in terms of the number of female employees and the degree of their involvement in railway activities”, Russia was second only to France. At the same time, the article presents some comments. First of all, there is insufficient analysis of the period of Nicholas II, especially the First World War. Although general trends are shown, such as the increase in the number of women employed in the railways, nevertheless, a number of aspects require further and more detailed study. This is especially important for the railways located in the theater of military operations. However, the monograph by V. A. Serdiuk is largely a pioneering work that significantly expands our understanding of the problem.
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Pimenova, Ludmila. "The Diplomatic Service of Louis XVI: The Work of French Foreign Affairs Department in the 1780s." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014872-7.
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The article aims to examine the organization of work of the State Secretariat for Foreign Affairs of France in the last decades before the Revolution of 1789 when the department was headed by Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes. By this time, there had developed a practice of preferentially appointing as head of the foreign affairs department people who had the first-hand experience of diplomatic service at the helm of embassies. He managed to create an efficiently working ministry apparatus. The details of its work are known thanks to the primary source for the research presented in this article, namely a note drawn up by one of Vergennes’ subordinates, the head of the “northern” directorate of the State Secretariat Pierre-Michel Hennin. During the years of Vergennes’ ministry, the staff was increased and a topographic bureau was created, which was tasked with drawing up a general map of the clarified borders of the French kingdom. The directorates of the State Secretariat were headed by professional diplomats who had received a good education and had practical experience working in embassies. Within the department, a well-thought-out system of clerical work was established. The difficulty in the work of the department, not mentioned in Hennin’s note, was the impossibility of career growth for ordinary employees. They could count on a seniority salary increase, but not a promotion. Thus, by the end of the Ancien Régime, there were two types of professional careers in the State Secretariat for Foreign Affairs of the French king: diplomatic one for high and middle echelons and clerical for ordinary employees.
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MEWS, CONSTANT J., and MICHA J. PERRY. "Peter Abelard, Heloise and Jewish Biblical Exegesis in the Twelfth Century." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 62, no. 1 (December 14, 2010): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046909992764.
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This paper revisits the question of the influence of Jewish biblical exegesis on Christian scholars in twelfth-century France, by focusing in particular on Abelard's response to a question of Heloise in herProblemataabout questions raised by1 Samuel ii.35–6 (=1 Regum ii.35–6)concerning ‘the faithful priest’ prophesied as Eli's successor, the meaning of ‘will walk before my anointed’ and the nature of the offering his household should make. Abelard's discussion of the views of an unnamed Jewish scholar illustrates a consistent movement evident in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries for certain Christian exegetes to approach Jewish scholars to resolve problems posed by the text of the Old Testament. While the passage in1 Samuelwas traditionally interpreted in a Christocentric fashion, Heloise implicitly supports a more historical reading of the text in the question she puts to Abelard. The Jewish scholar's interpretation reported by Abelard is very close to that of Rashi's twelfth-century disciples.
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Castro, Madelyn Yiseth Rojas, Ludivine Orriols, Benjamin Contrand, Marion Dupuy, Catherine Sztal-Kutas, Marta Avalos, and Emmanuel Lagarde. "Cohort profile: MAVIE a web-based prospective cohort study of home, leisure, and sports injuries in France." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0248162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248162.
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MAVIE is a web-based prospective cohort study of Home, Leisure, and Sports Injuries with a longitudinal follow-up of French general population volunteers. MAVIE participants are voluntary members of French households, including overseas territories. Participation in the cohort involves answering individual and household questionnaires and relevant exposures and prospectively reporting injury events during the follow-up. Recruitment and data collection have been in progress since 2014. The number of participants as of the end of the year 2019 was 12,419 from 9,483 households. A total of 8,640 participants provided data during follow-up. Respondents to follow-up were composed of 763 children aged 0–14, 655 teenagers and young adults aged 15–29, 6,845 adults, and 377 people aged 75 or more. At the end of the year 2019, 1,698 participants had reported 2,483 injury events. Children, people aged 50 and more, people with poor self-perceived physical and mental health, people who engage in sports activities, and people with a history of injury during the year before recruitment were more likely to report new injuries. An interactive mobile/web application (MAVIE-Lab) was developed to help volunteers decide on personalized measures to prevent their risks of HLIs. The available data provides an opportunity to analyse multiple exposures at both the individual and household levels that may be associated with an increased risk of trauma. The ongoing analysis includes HLI incidence estimates, the determination of health-related risk factors, a specific study on the risk of home injury, another on sports injuries, and an analysis of the role of cognitive skills and mind wandering. Volunteers form a community that constitutes a population laboratory for preventative initiatives.
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MEIKLE, MAUREEN M., and HELEN M. PAYNE. "From Lutheranism to Catholicism: The Faith of Anna of Denmark (1574–1619)." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 64, no. 1 (January 2013): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046911000868.
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There has long been speculation about Anna of Denmark's faith. How and when the consort of King James VI and I came first to use the Catholic liturgy and then to convert from Lutheranism is explained here in detail. Powerful women within the queen's household were crucial to this change of faith, which gave hope to Catholics that Anna might convert her children and persuade the king to be more tolerant towards them in his multiple kingdoms. Even though these hopes were unrealised, the possibility is explored that she sought to found a monastery in France. That she had remained Catholic during such a turbulent era in British religious history is remarkable.
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Khudokormov, A. G. "“Economic Miracle” in France: Formation and Results of the Dirigisme Model in 1944–1973." World of new economy 13, no. 2 (December 8, 2019): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-2-55-69.
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The purpose of the article is to show the determining role of dirigisme in the restoration and prosperity of France in the period 1944–1973; the influence of nationalization of enterprises of leading industries, banks on a compensatory basis; indicative planning for the revival of the country’s economy and achieving high rates of its growth; the rise of agriculture; the formation of a unified system of state social insurance. As a result of the reforms carried out in the 1950s and 1960s, these decades were a period of accelerated and almost continuous growth of the French economy. The ‘engines’ of economic growth were heavy industries, which accounted for the majority of all investment in the industry. The equipment in machine building (first of all in the car and aircraft construction, production of machines and devices) was updated; metallurgy, electrical engineering, chemistry, oil refining were modernised; the nuclear industry was created for the first time in the history. At the same time, in agriculture was held large-scale mechanisation. All this was accompanied by significant positive changes in the social sphere: soon after the end of WWII, the 40-hour working week was restored, annual leave for workers and employees was returned. Already by 1946, a unified state social insurance system was formed, which extended to all categories of employees, except for workers in the agricultural sector. As a result, the dirigisme model in France in the period 1944–1973 allowed this country not only to restore the war-ravaged economy, and also to achieve impressive success in industry, agriculture and the social sphere, to return it to one of the key positions in the world. It leads to the conclusion that the experience of using the conductor model in France can be used in the development of areas of reform of the Russian economy in current conditions.
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Lawoko, Stephen. "Factors Associated With Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: A Study of Women in Zambia." Violence and Victims 21, no. 5 (October 2006): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.21.5.645.
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Demographic, social, and empowerment factors associated with attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated in a random sample of women (n = 5,029) aged 15–49 years in Zambia. Data was retrieved from the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001–2002 (2003). The findings indicated demographic, social, and structural differences in attitudes toward IPV. Married/previously married and less educated women, employees in the agricultural sector, and women with a history of IPV were more likely to tolerate IPV. In addition, structurally disempowered women (i.e., women lacking access to information and autonomy in household decisions) were more likely to justify IPV than more-empowered peers. Most variables remained significant even when possible confounding was adjusted for using a logistic regression. The findings are discussed and implications for prevention as well as methodological issues considered.
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Van Dyk, Garritt. "A Tale of Two Boycotts: Riot, Reform, and Sugar Consumption in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain and France." Eighteenth-Century Life 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9272999.
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Atlantic sugar production and European sugar consumption rose dramatically in the late eighteenth century. Despite this increase, there were two separate calls to refrain from consuming sugar in both Britain and France at the end of the eighteenth century. Demands for abstinence were directed toward women to stop household consumption of sugar. In Britain, abolitionists urged women to stop buying West Indian sugar because it was a slave good, produced on plantations where enslaved Africans were subject to cruelty and where mortality rates were high. In France, the call to forego sugar came during the early years of the Revolution of 1789, in response to rising sugar prices. The women of Paris were asked to refrain from buying sugar at high prices that were assumed to be a result of market manipulation by speculators and hoarders engaging in anti-revolutionary behavior. The increase in Parisian sugar prices was not driven primarily by profiteering, but by a global shortage caused by the slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti. Comparing these two sugar boycotts, one in Britain, the other in France, provides an opportunity outside of national historical narratives to consider how both events employed the same technique for very different aims. The call to renounce sugar in both cases used economic pressure to create political change. An exploration of these movements for abstinence will provide a better understanding of how they critiqued consumption, and translated discourses, both abolitionist and revolutionary, into practice.
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Zahler, Reuben. "Complaining Like a Liberal: Redefining Law, Justice, and Official Misconduct in Venezuela, 1790-1850." Americas 65, no. 3 (January 2009): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.0.0069.
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One night in April 1822, a slave snuck into Caracas' main plaza, and under cover of darkness, threw the feces of his entire household into the public well. A month later, a local magistrate appeared at the store of José Castellano and Manuel Gonzalez with a contingent of soldiers and arrested them for having ordered their slave to commit this heinous crime. From their jail cell, the two men asserted their innocence and insisted that the magistrate had behaved unacceptably: “Because we have never had any previous warning, because we have not previously been called to appear in court and also because there is no proof … [the magistrate] cannot have been authorised to commit the public insult that he has shamelessly and scandalously put upon our persons.” Their defense relied not only on questions of evidence but also on attacks against the magistrate's civility; they claimed that his actions had transgressed both proper legal and social behavior. This combination of legislative and non-legislative concerns was typical for complaints against officials from the colonial period, and we see it persist directly after independence. In the coming years, however, the formal responsibilities of government employees would change, as would the paradigm for complaints against them.
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Bertin, P., P. Goupille, F. Tubach, E. Lespessailles, N. Harid, S. Sequeira, J. M. Fayette, B. Fautrel, and R. M. Flipo. "FRI0274 HISTORY OF BIOLOGICS AND FEMALE GENDER ARE LINKED TO GOLIMUMAB DISCONTINUATION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE GO-PRACTICE STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3025.
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Background:Golimumab (GLM) is the latest anti-TNFα to be indicated for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The GO-PRACTICE study was performed in France at the request of the French Health Authorities, for the reevaluation of GLM in real-life.Objectives:The primary objective was to estimate GLM persistence at 2 years from initial prescription. This abstract focuses on a post-hoc analysis of the factors linked to GLM discontinuation in axSpA patients.Methods:Observational, prospective, multicenter study, that consecutively recruited adult patients with RA, PsA and axSpA who were newly prescribed GLM. Patients were followed-up for 2 years and outcomes data were collected at baseline (BL), 1 and 2 years. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, disease history, comorbidities and treatment history were also collected at BL. Persistence was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess factors associated with persistence. Selected BL characteristics were studied in univariate models, where those associated withp-value <0.20 were included in multivariate analysis. Significance level was set atp<0.05.Results:478 patients with axSpA were included from Jan 2015 to Mar 2016. Mean age was 43 years and 55% were female; 61% of patients were biologic-naïve (BN, n=291) and 39% (n=187) were biologic-pretreated (BP). Median time-elapsed in years since axSpA diagnosis was 1.7 (range 0–45.1) and 6.9 (range 0.2–51.8) in BN and BP patients, respectively (P<0.001); 97% patients were prescribed 50 mg GLM monthly and co-treatments included DMARD (34%), corticosteroids (17%) and NSAIDs/analgesics (90%).Cumulative persistence probability of GLM at 2-years was 52.6% (Fig 1). Table 1 details the binary variables associated with GLM discontinuation atp<0.20. Among continuous variables, BL CRP level was associated withp<0.20. A multivariate analysis of these factors revealed that being female (HR 1.92, 95%CI 1.43–2.56,P<0.001) and being BP (HR 1.45, 95%CI (1.11–1.90),P=0.007) were risk factors for GLM discontinuation (Table 1).Table 1.Logistic model results for variables of interest and their link to GLM discontinuation in axSpAFactorModalitiesχ2(p)Hazard ratio (HR)95% CIHR following univariate analysis (p>0.20)AgeContinuous variable0.5201.000.99–1.02Disease duration0.4011.010.99–1.03Inflammatory bowel diseaseYes vs. No0.2770.740.43–1.28Gastrointestinal disease0.3441.270.78–2.06Uveitis0.2370.800.55–1.16Psoriasis0.2380.920.64–1.31 HR following multivariate analysis (variables with p<0.20 at univariate analysis)GenderFemale vs. Male< 0.0011.921.43–2.56Biologics historyPretreated vs. naïve0.0071.451.11–1.90Serum CRPContinuous variable0.1770.990.98–1.00DMARD historyYes vs. No0.0621.370.99–1.90Ongoing corticosteroids0.6931.080.73–1.61Anemia0.1701.820.78–4.24Kidney Disease0.5081.500.45–4.97Other physical illness0.4351.280.69–2.34Conclusion:2-year GLM persistence in axSpA patients was 52.6%. Females and those who were biologics-pretreated were at greater risk for discontinuing GLM before 2 years.Disclosure of Interests:Philippe Bertin Consultant of: MSD France, Philippe Goupille Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Lilly, Janssen, Medac, MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB, Florence Tubach Grant/research support from: Florence TUBACH is head of the Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi) of the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris and of the Clinical Research Unit of Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, both these structures have received research funding, grants and fees for consultant activities from a large number of pharmaceutical companies, that have contributed indiscriminately to the salaries of its employees. Florence Tubach didn’t receive any personal remuneration from these companies., Eric Lespessailles Consultant of: Amgen, Celgene, Lilly, MSD France, Novartis, UCB, Speakers bureau: Amgen, Celgene, Lilly, MSD France, Novartis, UCB, Naoual HARID Employee of: MSD France, Saannya Sequeira Consultant of: MSD France, Jean-Marie Fayette Consultant of: MSD France, Bruno Fautrel Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Medac MSD France, Nordic Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, SOBI and UCB, René-Marc Flipo Consultant of: Johnson and Johnson, MSD France, Novartis, Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Johnson and Johnson, MSD France, Novartis, Sanofi
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Mitrofanov, Andrey. "A French diplomat in the Russian Service. Missions of the Count d'Antraigues in Venice (1795–1797)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014909-7.
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The article deals with the history of secret diplomacy of the time of the French Revolution. It aims to show unknown aspects of the French émigré сount d'Antraigue's activities as a councillor to the Russian embassy in Venice and as a personal representative of Louis XVIII in 1795–1797. Unpublished documents from the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the memoirs of contemporaries form the source base of the research. The practice of appointing French royalists “under Russian protection” as employees of Russian diplomatic missions was proposed by the Russian court in 1794. The case of d’Antraigues, therefore, was not unique. D'Antraigues' duties in this post were related to the search for information on revolutionary France, the French army in Italy, the politics of the Italian states. His contacts with Swedish agents, French royalists, and French army officers were the most fruitful. At the same time, he was associated with British diplomats. Bonaparte used the errors of the diplomat to his advantage: сount d'Antraigues’s notes served as a pretext for the coup d'état of 18 Fructidor, Year V. Although he сount lost credibility in the eyes of the royalists yet, thanks to the support of A.K. Razumovsky, he continued his service as correspondent and honorary “pensionnaire” of the Russian court. It was after 1797 that a “black legend” developed around the name of the count, thanks, in particular, to former secret agents of the Directory and Napoleon Bonaparte, depicting him as an opportunist.
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Johnson, Andrew Alan. "Foreign Bodies: Horror and Intimacy in Singapore's Migrant Labor Regimes." positions: asia critique 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-10122112.
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Abstract Singapore depends upon foreign bodies to maintain its hypermodern, sleek exterior. For many Singaporeans, a live-in foreign domestic worker (FDW) marks a milestone in achieving a certain kind of bourgeois lifestyle, but the incorporation of a stranger into the household gives rise to certain fears. Intimate labor evokes unexpected feelings, and anxieties about the boundaries of class, nation, gender. In tabloid articles, message boards, and everyday conversation, employers discuss the problem of witchcraft practiced by FDWs—stories such as the incorporation of bodily fluids into employers’ food, the unwanted generation of affection or warm feelings toward those who according to labor contracts should be employees, the surreptitious switching of FDWs’ facial features with those of the employer's children, or other concerns over boundaries and their violation. This article argues that the horror revealed by such stories is one that challenges Singaporean claims to ethnic and economic supremacy in the region, as it points to a return of a perceived threat from an allochronous rural world. Each presents a particular challenge to a sealed, prosperous, “first world” Singaporean self-imagining, a porosity that calls for magical and magico-bureaucratic interventions to set right.
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Batmaev, Maksim M. "Калмыцкая повседневность XVII–XIX вв.: постановка проблемы и история изучения." Oriental studies 15, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-59-1-8-18.
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Introduction. The majority of Russian historiographic works deal with political history, namely: class struggle, wars, sociopolitical and socioeconomic development, prominent figures, etc. Meanwhile, it is evident enough that an ultimate basis for historical development and existence of any ethnos is everyday labor of the masses. The article reviews the emergence and development — in historical science as such and Russian historiography proper — of the research trend exploring everyday life. The paper notes virtually no such works have been published in Kalmykia, nor can one find any essential scholarly narratives on everyday life of Kalmyks. Goals. The study aims at delineating long-term benefits of academic insights into Kalmyk routine life, all estates and social groups throughout the 17th to 19th centuries. Results. The paper revisits activities by founders of the Annales school (France) — Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. Special attention is paid to similar works on everyday life in Russian historiography. Conclusions. The available ethnographic narratives examine the past household life of Kalmyks, their rites, economic affairs and other aspects integral to the subject area ‘mundane life’. However, the article concludes no special works to have covered Kalmyk routine life of the past have been published yet.
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Federman, Sarah. "Rewriting Institutional Narratives to Make Amends: The French National Railroads (SNCF)." Narrative and Conflict: Explorations in Theory and Practice 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13021/g87s3v.
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In 1940, France, threatened with total annexation by Nazi Germany, signed an armistice agreement with Germany that placed the French government in Vichy France and divided the country into an occupied and unoccupied zone. The Armistice also requisitioned the rolling stock of the SNCF—French National Railways—which became a significant arm in the German effort, transporting soldiers, goods, and over 75,000 deportees crammed into merchandise wagons toward Nazi extermination camps. Between 3,000-5,000 survived. Of the roughly 400,000 SNCF employees, Nazis murdered a couple of thousand for resistance or alleged in subordination. Railway men who resisted the Germans also often has to resist their employer as well. After the liberation of French at the end of WWII, the company—not simply the brave individuals -- received France’s Medal of Honor for its alleged role in the ultimate defeat of the Germans. This medal, along with other postwar propaganda in the form of films and books, instilled a singular narrative about the company’s heroic wartime role. This narrative continued uninterrupted until the 1980s. Those who returned, along with the relatives of many who did not, increasingly challenge the company’s simplified wartime narrative. In the 1990s, lawsuits against the company began in France and continue through 2016 in the United States. In response, the SNCF made efforts to intertwine story of deportation with the company narrative of resistance. One key forum for this attempt was a colloquium held in 2000 at the Assemblée Nationale in Paris.That colloquium is examined here through the lenses of three forms of narrative analysis: structural, functional, and post-structural. Each analytic frame illuminates different challenges to that colloquium’s attempts at revising history through altering a mystified institutional narrative. Through the analysis of this case, the author establishes the power of these analytic frameworks when examining problematic discursive spaces that hold in place master narratives and limit moral work.
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NIGHTINGALE, MADELINE. "Stepping-Stone or Dead End: To What Extent Does Part-Time Employment Enable Progression Out of Low Pay for Male and Female Employees in the UK?" Journal of Social Policy 49, no. 1 (April 23, 2019): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000205.
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AbstractUsing data from Understanding Society and the British Household Panel Survey, this article explores the relationship between working part-time and progression out of low pay for male and female employees using a discrete-time event history model. The results show that working part-time relative to full-time decreases the likelihood of progression out of low pay, defined as earning below two-thirds of the median hourly wage. However, part-time workers who transition to full-time employment experience similar rates of progression to full-time workers. This casts doubt on the idea that part-time workers have lower progression rates because they have lower abilities or work motivation and reinforces the need to address the quality of part-time jobs in the UK labour market. The negative effect of working part-time is greater for men than for women, although women are more at risk of becoming trapped in low pay in the sense that they tend to work part-time for longer periods of time, particularly if they have children. Factors such as childcare policy and Universal Credit (UC) incentivise part-time employment for certain groups, although in the right labour market conditions UC may encourage some part-time workers to increase their working hours.
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Zegura, Elizabeth Chesney. "What the Monk’s Habit Hides: Excavating the Silent Truths in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron 31." Renaissance and Reformation 38, no. 2 (October 5, 2015): 53–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v38i2.25620.
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In Heptaméron 31, Marguerite de Navarre portrays a lascivious “Cordelier” or Franciscan who takes over a matron’s household during her husband’s absence, kills her servants, and disguises the woman as a monk before abducting her. Despite its surface resemblance to Rutebeuf’s “Frère Denise,” which also unveils a Franciscan’s lechery, Marguerite’s narrative is not a simple anticlerical satire. Within it we find a critique of the over-trusting husband, metaphors of censorship, an inquest into the dialectics of silence and (in)sight, a foregrounding of the victims’ body language, and analogies between the body politic and the body of the family. With these tools Marguerite folds into her nouvelle an allegory of reading; a cautionary tale about the dangers of mistaking outward “works” for true godliness; and an histoire tragique with political overtones that figure a crisis of authority between Reform theology’s “two kingdoms,” or secular and sacred governance, in sixteenth-century France.
Marguerite de Navarre, dans le conte 31 de L’Héptaméron, dépeint un « cordelier » (franciscain) luxurieux qui, en l’absence du mari, s’empare du foyer d’une dame, tue ses serviteurs, la déguise en moine et l’enlève. Malgré la ressemblance avec le «Frère Denise” de Rutebeuf, qui met aussi en scène un franciscain débauché, le récit de Marguerite n’est pas une simple satire anticléricale. On y trouve en effet d’autres éléments: une critique du mari trop confiant, des métaphores de la censure, une exploration de la dialectique entre silence d’une part et vue (et perspicacité) de l’autre, le spectacle du langage corporel des victimes, et des analogies entre les corps politique et le corps familial. Par ces moyens, Marguerite insère dans sa nouvelle une allégorie de la lecture, une mise en garde contre le danger de méprendre les « actes » visibles pour de l’authentique bonté et, enfin, une histoire tragique aux accents politiques où se donne à lire une crise de légitimité opposant les « deux royaumes » de la théologie de la Réforme dans la France du seizième siècle: le gouvernement d’ici-bas et le gouvernement sacré.
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Naberhaus, Taylor, Nicole K. Early, Kathleen A. Fairman, and Kelsey Buckley. "Rates and Predictors of Physician-Recommended and Self-Reported Aspirin Use in 2015." Senior Care Pharmacist 35, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2020.556.
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OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the rate of providerrecommended aspirin use through the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database versus self-reported aspirin use through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database and identifies factors that predict initiation of aspirin. This study provides insight into the rate of providerrecommended aspirin use versus self-reported aspirin use prior to the 2016 United States Preventive Service Task Force primary prevention recommendation update.<br/> DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of US population data obtained from medical records (NAMCS) and community-dwelling residents in four states (BRFSS) in 2015.<br/> SETTING: Physician offices (NAMCS) and households or telephone (BRFSS).<br/> PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: NAMCS: visits made by patients 40 years of age or older to physicians who permitted federal employees to abstract officevisit data. BRFSS: household or telephone interview respondents 40 years of age or older.<br/> INTERVENTIONS: Comparisons of persons with (secondary prevention) versus without (primary prevention) cardiovascular disease.<br/> MAIN OUTCOME MEASURED: Recommended (NAMCS) or self-reported (BRFSS) use of aspirin.<br/> RESULTS: The sample included 19 170 patients (NAMCS), with 2 205 having a history of cardiovascular disease and 14 872 respondents (BRFSS) with 2 024 having a history of cardiovascular disease. For both primary and secondary prevention, respondents from BRFSS reported higher rates of aspirin use (27.7% primary, 65.6% secondary prevention) compared with prescribed rates from NAMCS (11.7% primary, 45.6% secondary prevention).<br/> CONCLUSIONS: Study results highlight the value of obtaining a complete medication history, including aspirin use, from all patients.
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Naberhaus, Taylor, Nicole K. Early, Kathleen A. Fairman, and Kelsey Buckley. "Rates and Predictors of Physician-Recommended and Self-Reported Aspirin Use in 2015." Senior Care Pharmacist 35, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2020.556.
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OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the rate of providerrecommended aspirin use through the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database versus self-reported aspirin use through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) database and identifies factors that predict initiation of aspirin. This study provides insight into the rate of providerrecommended aspirin use versus self-reported aspirin use prior to the 2016 United States Preventive Service Task Force primary prevention recommendation update.<br/> DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of US population data obtained from medical records (NAMCS) and community-dwelling residents in four states (BRFSS) in 2015.<br/> SETTING: Physician offices (NAMCS) and households or telephone (BRFSS).<br/> PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: NAMCS: visits made by patients 40 years of age or older to physicians who permitted federal employees to abstract officevisit data. BRFSS: household or telephone interview respondents 40 years of age or older.<br/> INTERVENTIONS: Comparisons of persons with (secondary prevention) versus without (primary prevention) cardiovascular disease.<br/> MAIN OUTCOME MEASURED: Recommended (NAMCS) or self-reported (BRFSS) use of aspirin.<br/> RESULTS: The sample included 19 170 patients (NAMCS), with 2 205 having a history of cardiovascular disease and 14 872 respondents (BRFSS) with 2 024 having a history of cardiovascular disease. For both primary and secondary prevention, respondents from BRFSS reported higher rates of aspirin use (27.7% primary, 65.6% secondary prevention) compared with prescribed rates from NAMCS (11.7% primary, 45.6% secondary prevention).<br/> CONCLUSIONS: Study results highlight the value of obtaining a complete medication history, including aspirin use, from all patients.
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Kölbl-Ebert, Martina. "Sketching Rocks and Landscape: Drawing as a Female Accomplishment in the Service of Geology." Earth Sciences History 31, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 270–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.31.2.n436w6mx3g846803.
Full textAbstract:
Women as amanuenses have played an important role in early British geology. Among their varied tasks often was the sketching and drawing of fossils, landscape and outcrops. Such drawings served several purposes. They were used to give an idea of landscape and outcrops in publications or to figure new species in palaeontological papers, but they also served as proxies for individual fossils in dialogues conducted by means of letters. Mary Anning used them to advertise new finds to potential buyers, while Mary Buckland painted huge displays to be used in her husband's lectures. Drawing was part of the education of ‘accomplished’ British women in the early nineteenth century. Like music, embroidery and dancing, drawing was often taught in special schools or academies, sometimes by quite competent artists. Other women, however, such as Mrs Mantell, were self-taught or had to familiarise themselves with new techniques, learning to do line engravings and how to make lithographs in order to illustrate her husband's books more cheaply. In Germany or France, by comparison, the ability to draw was less central to girls' education, who in Germany at least were expected instead to excel in cooking, knitting and other household duties. But even there, an amateur palaeontologist might fall back on the assistance of his daughter, when he needed someone to illustrate his letters with drawings of specimens.
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Komissarov, Mykola, and Oleksiу Sokolov. "STARTING PISTOLS AND REVOLVERS: LEGAL REGULATION OF CIRCULATION AND FORENSIC ANALYSIS." Law Journal of Donbass 74, no. 1 (2021): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-122-132.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the problematic issues of circulation and expert research of products, which are classified by the manufacturer as alarming and signaling weapons, as well as starting pistols and revolvers. The history of origin, evolution and distribution of these objects of ballistic origin in Ukraine and in the world is reviewed. The experience of expert practice of forensic investigation of these devices in the units of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is analyzed and its comparison with the experience of expert evaluation of these products by employees of expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. A detailed study of the design features of the most common samples of firearms made by processing products classified by the manufacturer as alarms and alarms, as well as starting pistols and revolvers. Ways to make changes in their design of inverse and irreversible changes in order to bring into a state suitable for firing kinetic projectiles. The methods used by forensic experts in forensic investigation and testing of objects with firearms not classified by the manufacturer for household, sports and special purpose products are described in detail. Examples of illicit trafficking, distribution and use of these products as firearms during the commission of crimes are given. The normative documents that regulate the order of circulation in Ukraine of products with the characteristics of firearms, which the manufacturer classifies as devices of household, sports and special purpose, are analyzed. The basic requirements for alarming and signaling weapons, as well as starting pistols and revolvers by national standards and methods of ballistic examination are considered. The problematic aspects of the Ukrainian national legislation in the sphere of circulation of firearms objects and their consequences for the state are investigated. On the basis of the analysis of the European experience in regulating the circulation of alarm and signal weapons, ways of improving the national legal acts regulating the circulation of similar products in Ukraine have been proposed.
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Şenel, Dilek. "Tarım Sektöründe İstihdamın Yapısal Analizi." International Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 26 (October 1, 2022): 233–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.26.14.
Full textAbstract:
The agricultural sector is a strategic economic component that has importance at micro level in the sense of meeting basic food needs and being the main supplier of other sectors and at macro level in the sense of creating employment and increasing national income. In this context, the agricultural sector can directly shape the labor market with its employment dimension and be affected by the dynamics of the labor market. This study was conducted to determine the structural and characteristic features of the agricultural sector in the labor market in Turkey. Within the scope of the study, micro dataset of the 2019 Household Labor Force Survey of Turkish Statistical Institute was used. The findings indicated that 18.2% of those employed in Turkey were active in the agricultural sector and women were working in agriculture more than other sectors. A significant portion of those employed in the agricultural sector work in small-scale enterprises (the rate of enterprises with less than ten employees: 96.4%). In the study, it was also determined that the unpaid family worker (46.1%), unregistered (86.6%), part-time (24%), and temporary work (71.1%) status of those working in the agricultural sector were significantly higher compared to general employment. Agricultural production is made mostly in Black Sea Region and at least in Istanbul. Average income of agricultural laborers is quite low compared to general employment. The average incomes of male and female workers also differ significantly. This difference is more evident against women working in the agricultural sector. Keywords: Agricultural Sector, Employment, Labor market
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Kilar, Wioletta. "Przemiany funkcjonowania Zakładów Przemysłu Dziewiarskiego „Jarlan” S.A. w Jarosławiu (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem lat 1999–2003)." Studies of the Industrial Geography Commission of the Polish Geographical Society 9 (January 1, 2006): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20801653.9.13.
Full textAbstract:
The Knitting Factory “Jarlan” in Jarosław was established in 1972, when the country’s economy was centrally controlled. Initially, “Jarlan” comprised of four smaller plants, but in the process of shifting to market economy some of them were closed as they proved unprofitable. In 1992, the Factory was turned into a sole shareholder company of the Treasury. Subsequently, together with other companies in the clothing – knitting field, “Jarlan” became a part of the “Próchnik” holding, and in 2002 the controlling interest was purchased by Krzysztof Dajczak.Due to the nature of its production, women prevail among “Jarlan’s” employees. In the 1980’s, out of 3000 people employed, two-thirds were women. During the transformation period, employment was reduced to 982 people, 199 men and 783 women, which constituted only 28% of the 1980 employment level. The year 2000 was a breakthrough for “Jarlan”, which resulted from the difficulties that the “Próchnik” holding, to which the Factory belonged, was going through. The number of finished articles dropped significantly and the sales profits were the lowest in the company’s entire history – 11 million of estimated losses. Measures were undertaken to regain “Jarlan’s” financial fluency and its position on the market through winning new customers, especially abroad. As soon as 2002, the profits amounted to 1mln. Presently, the Knitting Factory “Jarlan” is an international company, selling their turtlenecks, round-neck sweaters, vests, cardigans and tunics mainly to England, Spain, Germany and France. Due to high quality products and varied sets of patterns and colours, the company is extremely competitive, which has been recognized by Polish customers as well.
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Nyberg, Anita. "Hemnära marknadstjänster - kvinnornas befriare?" Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 20, no. 3 (June 16, 2022): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v20i3.4450.
Full textAbstract:
In Sweden — as in other European countries - the question of tax deduction of domestic services is being discussed. The argument is that the high taxes in Sweden hinder the growth of a märket for domestic services. By introducing tax deductions prices would be lowered and the demand for such services would increase. This would in turn enhance employment and transform "black märket work" into regular employment. It would also further gender equality since women who could buy domestic services would spend less time performing household work and more on paid work or a career. However, in all countries domestic services are usually performed outside the regular terms of employment, i.e. neither taxes nor social security is paid. This is true whether taxes are high as for example in Germany or low as in the U.S. But the people doing this kind of work probably differ between countries. In Germany it is common that "housewives" do domestic work for pay in other peoples' homes and in the U.S. such work is often done by unregistered immigrants. The number of unregistered immigrants performing domestic work is probably growing in European countries. The large märket for domestic services in Germany can not be seen as a sign of a high degree of gender equality, but rather the reverse. Since there have been limited employment opportunities for women on the regular labour märket, domestic work outside the regular labour märket has provided an alternative. In the U.S. a märket for domestic services is presumably a result of big income differences in general. Women in high-income households can employ a person in their home at a very low wage. But in the very top positions in the private sector there are hardly any women in the U.S. as in Sweden. It is possible however, that there is a greater proportion of women managers in the private sector on lower levels in the U.S. than in Sweden. The reason is not necessarily that there are more female managers in general in the U.S. than in Sweden, but rather that the work women do - for example in hospitals - in the U.S. is done in the private sector and in Sweden in the public sector. Tax deductions have been introduced in several European countries. However, besides France, this has had very little effect on employment and black märket labour. In France subsidies have transformed black märket jobs into regular employment, which means that these employees have become part of the social security system. But it also means that high-income groups are subsidised and the costs have been high for the taxpayers. The subsidies were lowered in 1998. In Sweden the black märket for domestic services is probably quite small compared to many other countries, but it is growing. One current proposal is tax deduction of domestic services performed in the home, another is also tax deductions of services provided outside the home such as restaurants, dry cleaners, etc. This second proposal would mean that not only people with high incomes, but also those with quite low incomes could benefit, since most people for example at least some times eat in a restaurant. However, it is debatable whether this is the best way to transform black märket jobs into regular employment, to further employment or gender equality.