Journal articles on the topic 'Household employees Employment Malaysia'
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1
Hamat, Zahri, R. B. Radin Firdaus, and M. S. Shaharuddin. "Benefit in Kind: Should It Be Exempted From Zakat?" Ulum Islamiyyah 22 (December 15, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol22no0.2.
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In general, emoluments, allowances and all forms of income related to employment are considered as employment income zakat in Malaysia. However, based on the practice of zakat institutions in Malaysia, not all that is received in relation to employment is liable for mandatory zakat, including all forms of benefit in kind (BIK). On the other hand, in terms of taxation practice, all benefits in kind received by an employee are taxable by Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (LHDN), except for benefits listed in Paragraph 9. BIK refers to benefits given to employees, which cannot be convertible into money, such as motorcar and household furnishings, apparatus and appliances. It is worth noting that the discussion on the imposition of zakat on benefits in kind has not been given enough thought and justifiably raises questions. Therefore, in this study, three central questions have been raised with regards to BIK and zakat in Malaysia. Should BIK be considered under the category of “whatever received related to employment”? Why BIK should be subjected to employment income zakat? How BIK can be charged under the context of employment zakat? Based on the content analysis method, this paper presented a brief review to answer these questions. In general, this study is of the opinion that BIK is zakatable and LHDN’s income tax assessment method could be adopted for employment income zakat accounting.
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Et al., Asiah Bidin. "LEGAL POSITION OF DOUBLE EMPLOYMENT IN MALAYSIA." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2316.
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Double employment is a situation where an employee holds double paid jobs, either as an employee or as being self-employed. The issue of double employment has been subject to discussion and even has brought to industrial dispute between employer and employee which require the judicial intervention. While some employers allow their employees to engage in double employment, there are few legislations clearly prohibit this practice. In Malaysia, as to date there is no specific law regulating double employment by employees. This article aims to analyse the position of double employment in Malaysia.
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Buchler, Sandra, Michele Haynes, and Janeen Baxter. "Casual employment in Australia." Journal of Sociology 45, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783309335648.
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This article uses data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) 2001 survey to examine whether there is a difference in financial well-being between casual and permanent employees. The study examines two measures of financial difficulty and one measure of financial satisfaction and finds that casual employees fare worse than permanent employees on all three measures. The results indicate that casual employees are less likely to afford basic costs of living, such as bills and mortgage/rent, and have higher levels of financial difficulty as well as lower levels of financial satisfaction. The article concludes that casual employment imposes significant financial strains on employees.
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Lebert, Florence, and Erika Antal. "Reducing Employment Insecurity." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401667176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016671769.
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The perception of job insecurity is known to be a stressful condition for employees. Less is known about employment insecurity and the ways employees and their families deal with it. This study investigates whether participation in further training is a strategy that employees adopt to reduce perceived employment insecurity. As participation in further training is often costly and time-consuming, we assume that the family context is of importance for the decision to take part in further training. To take account of possible self-selection, we apply a propensity score matching procedure on longitudinal data from the Swiss Household Panel (2004-2013). Three main findings can be emphasized: first, participation in further training is not a strategy adopted particularly by employees who perceive high employment insecurity as they are less likely to train than their secure counterparts. Second, even though further training is not a strategy that is actively adopted, employees who train subsequently report lower levels of perceived employment insecurity. Third, the family context indeed influences the likelihood to train: partnered employees are more likely to train and preschool-aged children act as a constraint on women’s but enhance men’s participation in further training. Yet, in the context of high perceived employment insecurity, children generally reduce their parents’ likelihood to train as the parents may turn to other strategies that reduce perceived employment insecurity.
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Petkova, Lesia, Ivan Zagoruiko, and Dmytro Palamarchuk. "Model of impact of household assets on labor price: European experience." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v6i2.297.
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This article deals with existing models of household behavior, based on the assumption of the possibility of employees to determine their own level of consumption and employment, depending on a given wage rate and accumulated assets. An alternative view is offered that the wage rate accepted by employees can be expressed through financial assets and employment. Based on this assumption, the model "financial assets – labor price" was developed, determining the impact of the volume of financial assets of households and the level of employment on the wage rate, the minimum acceptable for workers.
The model was tested in twelve European countries. The calculations confirmed the basic hypothesis of the study, namely the dependence of the level of wages on the volume of available assets and employment.
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Wen, Linhong, and Siying Yao. "The Impact of Rural Labor Transfer Status Differences on Household Land Management Decisions." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 7, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v7i1.3963.
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In the context of large-scale population mobility, this study investigated the effect of income substitution on land management decisions of peasant families. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the employees without fixed employers, the employment status of employees with fixed employers, self-employed workers and employers all increased the possibility of families choosing more socialized management modes such as farming generation and land transfer; (2) Employment identity difference plays a role in household land management decisions through income substitution effect.
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Abdul Wahab, Harlida, Siti Suraya Abd Razak, and Nik Ahmad Kamal Nik Mahmod. "LEGAL ISSUES OF WORKING FROM HOME AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 13, No.2 (July 21, 2022): 163–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2022.13.2.7.
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Flexible work arrangements are common during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of the movement restriction and the closure of the economic sector. Among the flexibility practices is the implementation of remote working, in particular, working from home (WFH) where employees are physically working outside and remote from their organisations. The mandated WFH has changed the working scenario without confirming whether employers and employees are prepared for this new norm. However, the WFH arrangement requires legal consideration as its arrangement needed a legal predicament. The concern over WFH must be addressed on the grounds of managerial rights and boundaries besides determining the rights of employees while working remotely. From the legal viewpoint, there is a question of whether the existing labour law in Malaysia is accommodating to the WFH practice. Hence, this paper aims to examine the employment-related matters concerning WFH practice in Malaysia on employment terms like wages and leaves, matters on safety and health, social security, and confidentiality and security of information. This study applied a doctrinal approach using authoritative legal texts in solving the legal problems that arise from WFH. The analysis of legal provisions and case studies were employed to present the benefits of the employment relationship and industrial relations in the changing employment landscape and work culture linked to WFH.
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Kartseva, Marina A., and Polina O. Kuznetsova. "Short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and income of the Russian population: which groups were affected the most?" Population and Economics 6, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.6.e90410.
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The paper analyzes short-term factors of job loss, wage reduction and factors of household income reduction in Russia in the context of the coronavirus crisis. Panel data of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) served as empirical basis of the study. According to the study results, the highest risks of job loss are registered among females, young employees, unskilled workers, workers without professional education, and workers with low wages. However, almost the only factor of wage reduction (in case of retained employment) is employment in the most affected industries. Household income prior to the pandemic is the key determinant of household income reduction – the higher the level of material wellbeing, the higher the risk of income reduction. Increased probability of income reduction is also reported for families with children. The study has confirmed the hypothesis about negative impact of vulnerable employment on employment and wages of individuals, as well as household income.
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Dawson, Chris, Michail Veliziotis, and Benjamin Hopkins. "Temporary employment, job satisfaction and subjective well-being." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x14559781.
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This article is concerned with whether employees on temporary contracts in Britain report lower well-being than those on permanent contracts, and whether this relationship is mediated by differences in dimensions of job satisfaction. Previous research has identified a well-being gap between permanent and temporary employees but has not addressed what individual and contract specific characteristics contribute to this observed difference. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the article finds that a large proportion of the difference in self-reported well-being between permanent and temporary employees appears to be explained by differences in satisfaction with job security. Other dimensions of job satisfaction are found to be less important. In fact, after controlling for differences in satisfaction with security, the results suggest that temporary employees report higher psychological well-being and life satisfaction. This indicates that an employment contract characterized by a definite duration lowers individual well-being principally through heightened job insecurity.
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Ha, Rangkyoung, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, and Chang-Yup Kim. "Employment Status and Self-Reported Unmet Healthcare Needs among South Korean Employees." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010009.
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We aimed to examine the association between employment status and self-reported unmet healthcare needs and to identify factors influencing self-reported unmet healthcare needs by employment status. Nationally representative data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Participants were classified by employment status as either permanent or precarious workers. Explanatory variables included sociodemographic, labor-related, and health-related factors. Multivariate logistic regression ascertained the association between employment status and self-reported unmet healthcare needs and explanatory factors associated with self-reporting of unmet healthcare needs. Precarious workers had a higher prevalence of self-reported unmet healthcare needs than permanent workers, with a statistically significant odds ratio (OR) (1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19–2.54). Male precarious workers working >40 h per week were more likely to self-report unmet needs than male precarious workers working <40 h (OR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.40–10.87). Female precarious workers with a lower household income were about twice as likely to self-report unmet needs. Working hours and household income were significantly influential factors determining self-reporting of unmet healthcare needs, especially among precarious workers. Policy interventions to improve access to healthcare for precarious workers are needed.
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León, Margarita. "Migration and Care Work in Spain: The Domestic Sector Revisited." Social Policy and Society 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746410000126.
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This paper explores the increasing significance of domestic workers in Spain, a country that has the highest figures of registered household employees in the EU, many of them female migrant workers. The paper focuses on how the domestic sector has grown in recent years along with mass migration flows. The growth of the household sector in Spain is situated within the context of the welfare and migration regimes. The household sector in Spain is currently absorbing a large part of the demand for childcare and elderly care provision. Although the domestic sector in Spain is more regulated than in many other countries, greater efforts to formalise and improve the labour and employment rights of household employees are needed to counterbalance occupational segregation and social inequality.
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TAN, PECK-LEONG, and JOHN GIBSON. "DOES OUTSOURCING HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION HARM FUTURE HUMAN CAPITAL? EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA." Singapore Economic Review 62, no. 05 (December 2017): 959–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815500745.
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In some Asian countries, households import young women from poorer countries to work as live-in caregivers and maids. These caregivers are typically less educated than the child’s mother, so academic performance may suffer. The effects of ever having a foreign maid, a private tutor or a working mother are examined for Malaysian teenagers. Contrary to expectations, those ever having a foreign maid perform better in school examinations, recent private tutoring has positive impacts but earlier tutoring does not, and there is little effect of maternal employment. These results suggest no adverse effects on human capital from outsourcing household production.
13
Mohd Hussain, Azlina, and Mohd Syahril Ibrahim. "THE RISING IMPACT OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN MALAYSIA: POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 25 (September 19, 2021): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.625007.
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Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, the informal employment sector has been experiencing steadily increasing popularity. Although market trends and most workers enjoy the flexibility and challenges of informal employment, such employment does have its own risks, especially now, amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, employee protection have been side-lined for more important considerations such as businesses and/ or employers struggling to stay afloat and not file for bankruptcy proceedings and/or being wound-up. Extenuating circumstances such as economic sustenance, employer-reduced mobility for expansion, employee movement, etc. have all contributed to the more precarious position of informal employees. Yet, there is a great advantage of informal employment in the new norm. This paper aims to address current, prominent issues relating to women and children amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. It seeks to examine their roles and status in informal employment, their contributions in mobilizing the county’s fiscal economy, and eventually its permanence in the country’s employment landscape.
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Leinonen, Taina, Tarani Chandola, Mikko Laaksonen, and Pekka Martikainen. "Socio-economic differences in retirement timing and participation in post-retirement employment in a context of a flexible pension age." Ageing and Society 40, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18000958.
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AbstractSocio-economic circumstances influence later-life employment participation, which may take different forms as retirement processes are complex. We aimed to explore the diverse effects of various socio-economic sub-domains on pre- and post-retirement employment. We used Finnish register data to examine socio-economic predictors of time to retirement (i.e. receiving the statutory pension) using Cox regression analysis and on time spent in post-retirement employment using repeated negative binomial regression analysis over a follow-up between the ages of 63 and 68, i.e. the flexible pension age range. An average wage earner still employed at age 62 spent 13.5 months in pre-retirement employment (this corresponds to time to retirement) and 4.8 months in post-retirement employment. Those with tertiary education retired later, but the educational differences in the total time spent in employment were small when post-retirement employment was also considered. There was little variation in the timing of retirement by household income, but those in the highest quintile spent the longest time in post-retirement employment. Upper non-manual employees, home renters and those with high household debt retired later, and those with high household debt also spent a longer time in post-retirement employment. In a national flexible pension age system, high occupational class and household income thus appear to encourage either later retirement or participation in post-retirement employment. However, economic constraints also appear to necessitate continued employment.
15
Shi, Bing. "An exploratory study of job insecurity in relation to household registration, employment contract, and job satisfaction in Chinese state-owned enterprises." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 5, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-09-2015-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the household registration and of employment contract on employee job insecurity in the Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The relationships between job satisfaction and the two components of job insecurity are also analysed. Design/methodology/approach The research uses original data collected through a questionnaire survey in six Chinese SOEs. In all, 309 samples are analysed mainly using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings The research finds household registration is a predictor of job insecurity while employment contract is not. Job satisfaction is found to be positively related to one of the components of job insecurity: the perceived severity of job loss. Social implications To improve job security of the employees who are in vulnerable positions, improving the equality of social safety net is significant. In China, household registration causes unequal access to social welfare and employment opportunities; improving the equality may be more significant than seeking for permanent employment. Originality/value The research suggests two levels of factors influencing job insecurity: the macro-level factors that include the institutional configurations of social safety net; and the micro-level factors that include employment contract. The macro-level factors have fundamental influence while the micro-level factors are more apparent. The micro-level factors may manifest their influence only when the macro-level factors equally cover all the employees. The macro-level factors may also intermediate the relationship between job insecurity and satisfaction.
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Shahrol Nidzam, Nazirul Nazrin, Mohamad Amin Hamid, Nornadiah Mohd Razali, Az'lina Abdul Hadi, and M. A. S. M. S. Khaliq. "COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effects on Household Income in Malaysia during Lockdown." Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 4, no. 2 (October 12, 2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/josma.vol4no2.4.
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The goal of this study is to identify the most vulnerable socioeconomic group of people to the effects of the pandemic as well as to examine the socioeconomic group that is more likely to be affected, in terms of income loss, by the pandemic. The data were collected via online questionnaire to the 395 respondents in Malaysia. The dependent variable involved in this study was income loss while the predicted variables included were age, gender, gross household income, employment sector, residential environment, education level and status of ‘Bantuan Sara Hidup’ (BSH) one-off relief. By employing Multinomial Logit Regression (MLoR) analysis via IBM SPSS Statistics 24, the most significant predictor is employment sector (P = 0.000), where those who are business owner, self-employed and unemployed are the most susceptible to the income loss due to COVID-19. The finding indicated those who own business or self-employed were 4.098 times more likely to have their income decrease (P = 0.002) while the unemployed respondents were 6.725 times more likely to have their income decrease (P = 0.014) rather than no changes in income during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Kazi, Shahnaz, and Bilquees Raza. "Households Headed by Women: Income, Employment and Household Organization." Pakistan Development Review 27, no. 4II (December 1, 1988): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v27i4iipp.781-790.
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The poverty of households headed by women has emerged as an important development issue in the recent past. Evidence from many developing countries, specially in Latin America and Africa, has underlined the economic vulnerability of this group and predicted an increasing incidence of female•headed households in developing societies [Buvinic and Youssef (1978); Kossaudji and Mueller (1983); Merrick and Schmink (1983)]. Among Asian countries sample surveys have revealed a significant proportion of female-headed households in Sri Lanka, Malaysia and some states in India (Visaria 1980). In the context of Pakistan, research in this area is virtually non-existent. Although the questionnaires of the various censuses do provide information on sex and other characteristics of household heads, this data are not available in tabulated form in any of the census reports. However, a recent survey of 1000 women in Karachi conducted in 1987 makes it possible for the first time to investigate, in detail, the characteristics of female-headed households. The sample of 680 working women and 320 non-working women covered a whole range of social and income classes. Among the 680 working women was included the sub-sample of 100 female heads of households. Combined information was collected on women and their households through a fairly lengthy questionnaire: the interview schedule comprised questions on earnings, ethnic affiliations, education, age, sex, and occupation of all household members, division of domestic responsibilities in the household and employment history of individual women.
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Mohd Hussain, Azlina, Mohd Syahril Ibrahim, and Anie Farahida Omar. "INFORMAL EMPLOYEE: THEIR IMPORTANCE AND PROTECTION UNDER MALAYSIAN LABOUR LAWS." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 25 (September 19, 2021): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.625006.
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This paper aims to address the issue of informal employees in Malaysia. The informal employee is the employee that works for wages in an informal and/ or formal employment setting. Most informal employees have no formal contracts, social benefits, and basic employment legal protection as enjoyed by formal employees. It is important that we identify and address the issues of informal employment as there seems to be an increasing trend towards this kind of employment in the current market economy. The methodology that will be adopted in conducting this study would be a qualitative analysis of all local labour legislations that will provide an insight into the social and legal protection afforded to these informal employees. The findings/ results so far show that none of the local labour legislation provides nor addresses specifically the issues of social and legal protection for the informal employee. We hope to recommend through this paper either specific legislation is created to address the social and legal protection for the informal employee or to propose amendments to the current local labour legislation to incorporate the informal employee in their protection.
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Gashi, Ardiana, and Colin C. Williams. "Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Unregistered Employment in Kosovo: Lessons from a 2017 Survey." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2019-0001.
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Abstract Despite the growing recognition that unregistered employment remains a common problem both in South-East Europe and well beyond, there has been little evidence available on its prevalence and distribution. This paper contributes to filling the gap, by utilising data from a 2017 large scale national representative survey of 8,533 households in Kosovo. This reveals that 34.6% of all employees are engaged in unregistered employment (i.e., they have no employment contract). A Probit regression analysis reveals significant associations between unregistered employment and individual, household, employer and job-related characteristics. Unregistered employment is significantly more prevalent among men, younger people, single, widowed or divorced, those with fewer years in education, living in rural areas and in larger households. It is also significantly more prevalent among those working in construction and services, part-time employees, with shorter employment durations, lower wages, and those in elementary occupations and craft and related trades. The wider theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.
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Cheah, Y. K., A. Abdul Adzis, J. Abu Bakar, and S. D. Applanaidu. "Factors associated with household expenditure on oil and fat products in Malaysia: application of quantile regression." Food Research 5, no. 3 (May 23, 2021): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(3).650.
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In today’s rapidly urbanising society, high-fat dietary behaviour is one of the main causes of obesity and various chronic diseases. The objective of the present study is to investigate factors associated with the consumption of oil and fat products among the Malaysian population. This research examined the oil and fat products expenditure patterns among 12798 households using the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey (HES) 2014. Results were derived from the quantile estimation on cross-sectional data. Household heads’ sociodemographic and household characteristics are used as the explanatory variables. We found positive relationships between the quantiles of household expenditure on oil and fat products and age, educational level, and household size. In terms of marital and employment status, households with married or employed heads tend to spend more on all the quantiles of oil and fat products relative to households headed by single or unemployed individuals. Furthermore, the quantiles of expenditure were higher among urban households than rural households. The findings of the present study lend support to the fact that the quantiles of household expenditure on oil and fat products vary across household heads’ sociodemographic and household characteristics. The findings had important implications for how a nationwide intervention measure directed towards reducing dietary fat intake in the Malaysian population is formulated.
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Akhtar, Rulia, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, and Md Sohel Rana. "Labour Force Participation and Nature of Employment Among Women in Selangor, Malaysia." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 11, no. 1 (March 2020): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425320906285.
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There is an honest nexus between women’s participation in the workforce and national economic growth. However, the participation of women in the workforce in developing countries is still lagging behind compared to developed nations. Hence, the fundamental question that arises here is what are the key determinants to influence women to participate in the workforce with a special reference to Malaysia? To answer this research question, this study aims to identify the influencing determinants that motivate women to participate in the labour market in Malaysia. Based on data that have been collected from primary and secondary sources, logit model is used to analyse the factors affecting female labour force participation. The findings reveal that education, household income, financial condition of the households, family size and family background play a substantial role for female participation in the workforce. It implies that educated women and those who belong to joint families are more willing to participate in the workforce due to financial obligation. Based on the positive findings of this study, policymakers can take substantive steps to accelerate women’s participation in the workforce in Malaysia.
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Abdull Rahman, Nurul Labanihuda, and Noor ‘Izzati Ahmad Shafiai. "Modelling Financial Wellbeing Among Young Employees in Malaysia During Movement Control Order (MCO)." Jurnal Intelek 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v16i1.379.
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Financial wellbeing is important for individuals to have a better life which is achievable by managing their personal finance. In fact, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, Malaysia has witnessed the loss of employment among young employees. Previous research relating to financial wellbeing has focused on the factors which are financial literacy and financial problems towards financial wellbeing. However, financial capability and work environment were not much explored. Therefore, this research will target young employees aged 20-40 who are affected during Movement Control Order (MCO) in the Northern Area. This paper presents the factors that will be examined and several issues on the inconsistent results from previous studies. The findings from this study are important to identify which determinant gives impact to the financial wellbeing and faced by young employees in Malaysia. Furthermore, employers will gain additional information regarding their employees’ financial situation and able to overcome their difficulties. The government will also be able to provide financial assistance or job placement for young employees who are affected by this financial constraint in their life.
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Cheah, Yong Kang, Azira Abdul Adzis, Juhaida Abu Bakar, and Shri Dewi Applanaidu. "HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE ON SUGAR-ADDED FOODS AND BEVERAGES IN MALAYSIA: EVIDENCE FROM QUANTILE ESTIMATION." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 18, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v18i1.2684.
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The present study attempts to examine factors affecting household expenditure on sugar-added foods and beverages (SAFB) in Malaysia. The spike in sugar-related diseases and the lack of comprehensive study related to factors associated with consumption of added sugar in Malaysia are the motivations for the present study. Acquiring a better understanding of what kind people consume more or less SAFB is important for policy development. A nationally representative data with a large sample size, i.e., the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey (HES) 2014, was used for secondary analysis. In the survey, a two-stage stratified sampling approach was adopted. The first stage was based on Enumeration Blocks (EBs), while the second stage was based on living quarters (LQs). Quantile regressions were utilised to analyse the effects of household heads’ demographic and household factors on quantiles of household expenditure on SAFB. On average, the monthly household income, age of household head and expenditure on tobacco were Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 5973.63, 46 years and RM 60.81, respectively. The majority of household heads were secondary educated (57%), Bumiputera (69%), males (85%), employed (93%) and married (80%). Education, age, ethnicity, employment status, marital status and smoking behaviour were associated with expenditure on SAFB. Households headed by individuals with no formal and primary-level education spent around RM 1.02-24.6 and RM 0.73-23.68 less on all the quantiles of SAFB, respectively, compared with households headed by individuals having tertiary-level education. An additional year of age of household heads increased all the quantiles of household expenditure on SAFB by RM 0.11-0.90. Compared to non-Bumiputera households, Bumiputera households spent approximately RM 1.02-2.53 more on 0.1-0.75 quantiles of SAFB. Households with employed and married heads spent about RM 1.11-9.16 and RM 1.28-6.41 more on all the quantiles of SAFB, respectively, than their counterparts with unemployed and single heads. Household expenditure on tobacco was positively associated with 0.25-0.9 quantiles of household expenditure on SAFB (RM 0.28-1.23). In conclusion, household heads’ demographic and household profiles played an important role in influencing quantiles of expenditure on SAFB. Therefore, as a nationwide policy towards reducing consumption of added sugar, intervention measures should be designed in light of these profiles.
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Caraher, Kevin. "Malaysia: Approaches to Income Security in Old Age." Social Policy and Society 2, no. 4 (October 2003): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474640300143x.
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In most developed and developing nations individuals are actively being encouraged to save towards retirement via a plethora of savings mechanisms. In Malaysia, the reliance on individual savings through the Employees Provident Fund has costly implications for those in low paid, insecure employment, women and those working in the informal sector. Focussing on Malaysia, this paper seeks to present the pitfalls of such over reliance on the provident fund mechanism, which allows early access to savings and diverts members' contributions to subsidiary accounts. In conclusion, the paper suggests paths of reform which would, at the very least, lessen the growing threat of poverty and social exclusion amongst older Malaysians.
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Lewandowicz-Machnikowska, Monika. "Osoba fizyczna jako pracodawca." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 113 (September 12, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.113.6.
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A NATURAL PERSON AS AN EMPLOYERThe study presents comments on the legal situation of natural persons who hire employees. Special attention was also paid to employers who hire employees to meet their personal needs or to work in a household. The necessity to limit the application of some provisions of the Labor Code to such employers was pointed out as justifi ed by the specifi city of functioning of such employers and as a possible factor in the reduction of illegal employment.
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Muniapan, Balakrishnan. "The Industrial Law and Right to Retrench in Malaysia from a Human Resource Management Perspective." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2013040101.
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This paper explores the legal right to retrench employees from a human resource management perspective in Malaysia. The paper is based on the analysis of the relevant statues on retrenchment such the Employment Act 1955, The Industrial Relations Act 1967, the Employment (Termination and Lay-Off Benefits) Regulations 1980 and the Code of Conduct for Industry Harmony 1975. The author has also used criterion based sampling of the Industrial Court and Superior Court awards to analyze retrenchment cases and to provide recommendations to human resource management practitioners. Findings from these cases analyses reveal that many of the retrenchment awards were made against the employers due to poor selection of workforce for retrenchment, and the handling of the retrenchment exercise itself which violated the relevant statutes and the established procedures. The author suggests that retrenchment should not be viewed as a reactive but a proactive exercise, which begins with effective human resource planning aligned with the organizational strategic plan. The retrenchment exercise should also need be seen as a last resort when limiting recruitment, reduction in working hours, helping the employees (workmen) to find alternative employment, encouraging early retirement, offer of voluntary separation scheme (VSS) and other measures have been exhausted. The author hopes with many proactive measures, taken by employers in the management of retrenchment, the number of unfair retrenchment claims made to the Industrial Relations Department will be reduced.
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Jamaluddin, Siti Zaharah, Mohammad Abu Taher, and Ng Seng Yi. "KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS IN MALAYSIA: A LEGAL ANALYSIS." IIUM Law Journal 27, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v27i2.430.
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Key performance indicators (KPIs) are considered as measurable values used by for companies, institutions, or organisations in order to estimate the success rate of their set objectives. Therefore, it is important to select appropriate indicators that will be used for the measurement. In Malaysia, the KPI came into the spotlight when the Prime Minister introduced it for measuring the performance of the cabinet ministers in 2009. Since then, KPIs became the focus in the private and the public sectors in Malaysia. Thus, this article attempts to examine the values behind KPIs and its function within the contract of employment. The article further examines whether non-performance of KPIs can be categorised as poor performance, which could open employees to termination or disciplinary actions. This article is mainly based on the analysis of existing literature, journal articles, books, information obtained in online news portals and judicial decisions. The article finds that non-performance of KPI can be used as a basis to terminate or dismiss an employee from employment.
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Ullah Shah, Syed Inaam, Amina Bashir, and Muhammad Ishaq Biland. "Psychological Determinants of Household Financial Sustainability: The Perspective of Employees in Manufacturing Sector of Malaysia." Journal of Finance & Economics Research 5, no. 2 (June 2020): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20547/jfer2005205.
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Park, JungHo, and Yongjin Ahn. "Government Employees’ Experience and Expectation of COVID-19 Hardships: The Moderating Role of Gender and Race in the United States." American Review of Public Administration 52, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02750740211049280.
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This article examines government employees’ experience and expectation of socioeconomic hardships during the COVID-19 pandemic—employment income loss, housing instability, and food insufficiency—by focusing on the role of gender and race. Employing the Household Pulse Survey, a nationally representative and near real-time pandemic data deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau, we find that government employees were less affected by the pandemic than non-government employees across socioeconomic hardships. However, female and racial minorities, when investigated within government employees, have a worse experience and expectation of pandemic hardships than men and non-Hispanic Whites. Our findings suggest a clear gender gap and racial disparities in the experience and expectation of pandemic hardships.
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Cebulla, Andreas. "The social orientations and ideologies of UK finance employees at the onset of the Global Financial Crisis." Capital & Class 41, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816816678574.
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Debates about the Global Financial Crisis of 2007 have pointed at institutional and individual-behavioural factors as its causes. Using the British Household Panel Survey, this article highlights marked differences in perceptions of societal and economic fairness among financial services employees in investment or management positions in the United Kingdom and the general working population at the brink of the Global Financial Crisis. Panel data analysis suggests that financial services and occupations did not necessarily attract employees with pro-market attitudes, but that employment in these institutions and occupations made it more likely that employees came to display these perceptions, contributing to the construction of a distinct attitudinal profile of finance employees.
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Bhar, Sareen Kaur, and Shameem Rafik-Galea. "Role of English language in agricultural organisations." F1000Research 11 (March 2, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73580.1.
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Background – The importance placed on having good English language proficiency and skills to secure employment in Malaysia is a well-known fact. However, very little is known about the role of the English language in multilingual organisations within the agricultural industry in Malaysia. As such, this study aimed to examine the employees’ perception of the use of the English language in a professional context particularly in the Malaysian agricultural and agricultural related sectors. Methods – A concurrent triangulation design was used to quantitatively evaluate the data. A total of 320 questionnaires from employees of 10 agriculture and agriculture related companies were analysed. Additionally, interviews were also conducted with 10 employers from the human resources department as they provided deep insights into the language matters of the organisations. Results – The employers and employees agree that English language proficiency has economic value and can play an important role at the workplace, as this skill can influence one’s career path in terms of employability and career progression. Conclusions - From the standpoint of employees, a more insightful idea on the influence of English on career development in the agricultural industry has been obtained. These findings have implications for learning outcomes of students, education system, and policymakers aspiring for the human capital which is needed for Malaysia to become a high income and developed nation.
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JURIAH ABD JALIL, HALYANI HASSAN,. "A CASE STUDY ON MISUSE OF COMPANY’S CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION IN MALAYSIA: SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2312.
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Directors and employees are individuals who involved in the course of company’s business and would inevitably expose themselves to company’s confidential information. At present there are in existence legal provisions imposing duties upon the directors and employees for the purpose of protecting the company’s confidential information. In addition, the employees would normally be subjected to non-disclosure agreement upon their employment. The progress of the present technology has exposed company’s information at a high risk to be manipulated by individuals who involved in the company. This paper aims to discuss the viability of the present safeguard in protecting the company’s confidential information. The research intends to analyse decided cases on the approach adopted in determining whether there is misused or misappropriation of company‘s confidential information by the directors or the employees. The discussion would also focus on whether the non-disclosure of company’s confidential information would still be relevant when the directors or employees leave the company. In suggesting improvement for the present scenario it would be pertinent to analyse as well case laws from different jurisdiction. This study would be significant to ensure that the company’s confidential information is being sufficiently protected so that the company would remain competitive and dynamic
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Fen, Lim Suk, Duangta Shet, Norhasmah Mohd Zain, and Soon Lean Keng. "Pregnant women's knowledge of venous thromboembolism in Malaysia." British Journal of Midwifery 30, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2022.30.8.458.
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Background Venous thromboembolism is an acute condition resulting in maternal morbidity and death. Aims This study aimed to assess venous thromboembolism knowledge among pregnant women in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 pregnant women recruited via convenience sampling. Data gathered included demographic characteristics and knowledge of venous thromboembolism. The Fisher exact test examined the association between knowledge and outcome factors. Results Of the 143 pregnant women, 95.8% had low knowledge about venous thromboembolism. A significant association was found between level of knowledge and employment status (P=0.003) and monthly household income (P<0.001). Conclusion The study's participants demonstrated a deficit of knowledge of venous thromboembolism among pregnant women in Malaysia. Healthcare policymakers and maternal health services should put in place policies to improve pregnant women's knowledge of the danger of venous thromboembolism and its associated risk factors.
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Mansor, Zuraina Dato. "The Influence of Employer’s Behavior, Communication and Psychological Ownership in Promoting the Employee-Employer Relationship in the SMEs." Information Management and Business Review 7, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v7i3.1152.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be deceptively complex organizations to manage due to a broad range of challenges, such as issues relating to owner-managers, as well as employees and the employment relationship (Mallett & Wapshott, 2012). This study is conducted to study three factors, the behavior of the employer, the influence of communication and psychological ownership with relevant to promoting employee and employer relationship in the SMEs. Questionnaires were distributed to 150 employees of various SMEs in the Sri Serdang area of Selangor, Malaysia. The result was analyzed using the descriptive and correlation analysis.
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Cai, Yang, Weiwei Kong, Yongsheng Lian, and Xiangxin Jin. "Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Informal Employees in the Digital Era." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105211.
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The mental health status of informal employees is rarely studied in China. Nowadays, new economic forms such as gig economy and platform economy are emerging with the rapid development of information and communication technology, which has brought great changes to the labor market, especially to the informal employment field. Thus, it is of great significance to investigate the depressive symptoms among informal employees in the digital era. Based on the cross-sectional data of CFPS (China Family Panel Studies, 2018), this study takes a quantitative analysis framework to explore and analyze the association between informal employment and depressive symptoms in the Chinese labor market. After screening, a data set of 8893 employees (60.5% male and 39.5% female) was established. Several statistical methods, including the Mann–Whitney test and probit regression model, were used in the sample data analysis. The results show that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among informal employees is significantly higher than that among formal employees. Depressive symptoms are highly related to informal work and other factors, such as education, physical health, household income, etc. The impact of Internet use on informal employees’ depressive symptoms is not significant. The mental health inequality between formal and informal employees still exists in the digital era, and corresponding labor market regulations and social policies should be perfected to address this issue.
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Dahal, Ananta Raj. "Foreign Employment and its Socio-Economic Impacts on Rural People of Nepal: A Study Based on Mahalaxmi Municipality of Lalitpur." Patan Pragya 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v5i1.30436.
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Foreign employment plays vital role in maintaining the Nepalese’s economy. This paper analyses the nature and socio-economic impacts of the foreign employment in Nepal with reference to Mahalaxmi Municipality of Lalitpur district. Main source of information of this study is primary data and some secondary data are also used for the supplementary usage of the study. Primary data were collected through the direct questionnaire method used the semi-structured for the sample area of people who were selected by judgemental sampling method. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data by the help of micro excel program. Major destination for foreign employment is Malaysia and Qatar. Employees who pursue the employment in those countries manage borrowing in interest. They collect the information about employment from brokers, manpower companies and agents. The people of the sample area have made more income from foreign employment than other occupation in local jobs and they spend for food and education. Remittance from the foreign employment has played very positive role to improve school education and better health services of the people of sample area.
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Mohd Safar, Fauziah, Siti Farhana Hasnudin, and Noor Saidatul Natrah Saaidun. "THE ELEMENTS OF A GENUINE FIXED-TERM CONTRACT: A REVIEW ON MALAYSIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 7, no. 28 (June 22, 2022): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.728020.
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Fixed-term employment generally may be referred as an employment contract in which an organization hire an employee for a specific time period. The primary objective in offering a fixed-term employment contract is because the employer does not have to commit to the permanent employment of the incoming employee. There is no issue of unfair dismissal arises in the principle of fixed-term contract. The Court will determine whether the employment contract in dispute is in fact a genuine fixed-term contract or a permanent contract disguised as fixed-term instead. The employer is not obliged to renew the contract after its expiry and no reasons need be given for non-renewal once it was established that the employment contract is a genuine fixed-term employment. Furthermore, aside from various meaning of genuine fixed-term contract defined in Malaysian cases, it not may not always be successful to protect the employee. Thus, this paper focuses on the issue of the employees’ rights and protection recruited under fixed-term contract in Malaysia by referring to the previous cases.
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Sarfraz, Mudassira, Zubaria Andlib, Muhammad Kamran, Noor Ullah Khan, and Hanieh Alipour Bazkiaei. "Pathways towards Women Empowerment and Determinants of Decent Work Deficit: A South Asian Perspective." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 3 (August 9, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11030080.
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This research aims to assess the household and individual-level factors, specifically education, that affect the probability of women being engaged in decent work activities in the labor market. The study utilized the most recent labor force survey data from Pakistan with a sample size of 64,009 women. The research exploits the multinomial logit model (MNL) for data analysis. Several studies exist on the causes of female labor force participation nationally—in Pakistan—and internationally. However, there is a lack of research exploring the link between women’s access to decent work and various household and individual-level characteristics. This study intends to fill this literature gap by exploiting the largest nationwide labor force survey and exploring how household and individual-level factors, specifically focusing on women’s education level, relate to women’s employment status categories. The study’s findings reveal that education plays an essential role in uplifting women for better employment opportunities, i.e., educated women are more likely to be engaged in decent labor market activities such as paid employees and employers. The findings of the study propose some significant policy implications. E.g., (i) since education is the key to open better and decent work opportunities, it is crucial for women and their household heads to invest in education and vocational training; (ii) there is a dire need to have a policy shift in providing women access to at least a higher secondary (HS) level of education in Pakistan. The rationale is that less educated and illiterate women are concentrated in vulnerable employment; and (iii) at a micro level, there is a need to bring awareness among male household heads, specifically in rural areas, to realize that working women should not be considered a social stigma for the household.
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Lissowska, Maria. "The financial crisis and changing labour markets in post-transition countries." European Journal of Industrial Relations 23, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680116685490.
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Labour markets in post-transition countries have undergone radical changes, with a shift away from full employment and strong legal protection for employees, though the extent of these changes has differed between countries. I show that the loosening of employment protection went in parallel with growing income inequality and widening poverty levels, which led to a rise in household debt. This enabled additional consumption in the short term, but later deepened recession by hampering consumption. Following the financial crisis, the tendencies to make labour markets more flexible were confirmed and strengthened. This was facilitated by the weakness of trade unions, conditioned by structural changes brought about by transition.
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Ashri, Muhamad Hasrol Mohd, Hazizi Abu Saad, and Siti Nur’Asyura Adznam. "Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life among Government Employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052626.
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The current rapid growth of the economy has necessitated an assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its associated factors among employees. Unfortunately, there are still limited data available in this area among the Malaysian working population in government sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with HRQOL among government employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This cross-sectional study recruited 460 eligible government employees who worked in the area of Putrajaya through simple random sampling. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to these participants to collect information on the SF-36 profile of scores, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, and medical history. The results of this study signify that most of the participants were identified as having good HRQOL with the mean score of overall HRQOL was 72.42 ± 14.99. Multivariate analysis showed that being younger, receiving a better monthly personal income, a smaller household number, performing more physical activity, not having any chronic disease, and not using any long-term medication were significantly positively associated with overall HRQOL. The participants who did not have a family history of chronic disease were reported to be significantly associated with better mental component summary (MCS). Further, males were significantly positively associated with bodily pain (BP) and general health (GH) only, whereas better occupational status was limited to social functioning (SF). In conclusion, the results of this study provide motivation for future research and initiatives for improving the physical, emotional, and social well-being of government employees.
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A., Mukrimah, Mohd Parid M., Motoe M., and Lim HF. "Ecotourism, Income Generation and Poverty Reduction: A Case of Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP), Pahang, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 3, no. 3 (December 15, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v3i3.535.
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Ecotourism is one strategy for supporting conservation, generating income, and creating employment for communities living around protected areas. In Malaysia, the management of national parks (protected areas) focuses on the planning and implementation of various activities which contribute to the long-term conservation of the areas while mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and the environment. The issue is whether ecotourism development helps to improve income and reduce rural poverty. A case study was conducted in 2014 where 158 Malay households from Kampung Kuala Tahan were interviewed. Villagers engaged in economic activities related to ecotourism development in Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP) area (2,477 sq. km) directly and indirectly. The result shows the average monthly household income of this village was RM4, 035. On the whole, about 90% of the average monthly household income was cash income while 10% income in kind. The income sources of villagers were from those within the state land forest areas (related to NTFP harvesting), and outside KTNP (related to forestry and ecotourism). Income generated outside KTNP(related to forestry and ecotourism) area was significantly high compared to those within state land forest and outside KTNP (non-forestry). On average, about RM1, 895 or 47% of the average monthly household income was generated from the ecotourism related activities and forest area. The highest percentage of cash income was from villagers’ engagement as tour guides. Income generated from this source accounted for 13% of household income. Ecotourism related retail stores or restaurant operators also significantly contributed to the average monthly household income at 10%. The incidence of poverty among the households in the village was 4% in 2014 compared to 3.4% among rural Malaysian households in 2012. The findings in this study showed that the income received from forestry related activities and ecotourism is important in reducing poverty among local households.
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Ibrahim, Idawati, Zainol Bidin, Natrah Saad, Muzainah Mansor, and . "Monthly Tax Deduction as Final Tax: The Case of Malaysian Employees." Webology 18, SI03 (January 13, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si03/web18018.
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Malaysia introduced Monthly Tax Deduction (MTD) as final tax system so that salaried earner can be excluded from reporting their employment income. However, the system is on voluntary basis and the take-up rate is low. So, this study was undertaken to examine the issues faced by employees on the implementation of MTD as final tax system in Malaysia. This study comprises a case study on MTD implementation at two institutions which remain anonymous due to confidentiality. Data was collected from 64 responses from open ended questionnaires to employees at both institutions. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings from the analysis revealed that employees‘ hesitation to such a system is more apparent. There are three main issues discovered from this study which are: lack of knowledge on MTD as final tax among employees; burden on claiming tax reliefs and the accuracy of MTD calculation; and employer‘s readiness. The findings provide evidence to the IRBM and it will provide good foundation for the IRBM to strategize on mechanisms to enhance the implementation of the scheme. For instance, the information on low readiness among employers may call for roundtable discussion between the tax authority and employers. This would help both parties to discuss possible ways to resolve the issue. Other implications and recommendations for policy makers were also discussed in this paper.
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Slonim-Nevo, Vered, and Michal Krumer-Nevo. "Membership in an Emerging Social Firm: A Case Study of Clients’ Perspectives." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 89, no. 4 (October 2008): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3813.
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We describe the concept of a social firm–-a business created for the employment of people with disadvantages in the labor market–-and illustrate how it can be implemented through the experience of employees who were unemployed and living on public allowances prior to commencement of the project. Our experience suggests that participating in a social firm may enable people who are dependent on public allowances to obtain employment that is suitable to their talents, to contribute financially to their household incomes, to have a place to be socially supported, to expand their social networks, and to acquire new knowledge. Implications for practice, in terms of the social firm arena and social work profession, are discussed.
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Midões, Catarina, and Mateo Seré. "Living with Reduced Income: An Analysis of Household Financial Vulnerability Under COVID-19." Social Indicators Research 161, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-021-02811-7.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis has led to substantial reductions in earnings. We propose a new measure of financial vulnerability, computable through survey data, to determine whether households can withstand a certain income shock for a defined period of time. Using data from the ECB Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) we analyse financial vulnerability in seven EU countries. We find that, out of the 243 million individuals considered, 47 million are vulnerable to a three month long income shock (the average length of the first wave COVID-19 lockdown), i.e., they cannot afford food and housing expenses for three months without privately earned income. Differences across countries are stark. Individuals born outside the EU are especially likely to be vulnerable. Being younger, a single parent, and a woman are also statistically significant risk factors. Through a tax-benefit microsimulation exercise, we look into the COVID-19 employment protection benefits, the largest income support measure in the countries considered. Considering as our sample individuals in households where someone receives a salary, we derive household net income when employees are laid-off and awarded the COVID-19 employment protection benefits enacted. Our findings suggest that the employment protection schemes are extremely effective in reducing the number of vulnerable individuals. The relative importance of rent and mortgage suspensions, (likewise, widespread COVID-19 policies), in alleviating vulnerability, is highly country dependent.
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Mohd Amar, Ismah Sumayyah, and Mohd Hisham Ariffin. "Retention factors of experienced Malay male Architects in Malaysian architectural design consultant firms in the Klang Valley, Malaysia." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603004.
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The Malaysian construction industry suffers from a high rate of talent attrition within architecture design consultant firms which hinders these firms from competing locally and globally. This talent attrition hinders strategic nurturing of employees needed to sustain the firms’ involvement in the global market. This paper reports the findings of an investigation into the factors that contribute to employee retention of a purposive sample of ten male professional Malay Architects in Malaysian architecture consulting firms in the Klang Valley. It explored the reasons for respondents remaining with their employers through data collected from qualitative interviews. The data in the form of interview transcripts, interview memos and analysis memos were analyzed using category coding to generate meaning units and categories of employment retention. The analysis was based upon Alderfer’s ERG motivation theory and intrinsic motivations. It was found that existence needs (convenience, physiological needs, material security), relatedness needs (group belongingness, social needs, family obligation, friendship obligation, employment group obligation, social obligation, and social esteem), growth needs (self esteem and self-actualization) and intrinsic motives (choices, progress, competence and meaningfulness) underlie the employment retention of the respondents. The research findings provide insights about Malay male Architects employment retention factors in Malaysian architecture consulting firms.
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Brewer, Mike, and Laura Gardiner. "The initial impact of COVID-19 and policy responses on household incomes." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 36, Supplement_1 (2020): S187—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/graa024.
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Abstract As soon as the scale of the coronavirus shock to the economy became clear, the UK government introduced three policies to protect directly household incomes: a Job Retention Scheme, to pay the wages of employees who were temporarily furloughed; a Self-Employment Income Support Scheme, to give grants to established self-employed people whose businesses had been affected; and a package of increases to entitlements to social security benefits, with Universal Credit at the core, that bolstered the UK’s means-tested ‘safety net’. This paper analyses the design and beneficiaries of these policies and, given the distributional pattern of the labour market shock, considers the emerging overall impact on living standards, particularly of low-income households.
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Sapkota, Kanhaiya. "Women in foreign employment: Its impact on the left behind family members in Tanahun district, Nepal." Geographical Journal of Nepal 13 (March 19, 2020): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v13i0.28153.
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Though, the migration process and its impact in the household economy has been extensively studied in the academic sectors, but much less attention has been given to the impact of female labor migration on the family members who are left behind at home. This paper attempts to determine socio-economic structure of female labor migrants from Tanahun District of Gandaki Province, Nepal. Similarly, it also attempts to analyze the causes of female migration, process and dynamics of foreign labor migration and its impact on the left behind family specially children and elder citizens at home. For this purpose, 180 households have been purposefully selected from three municipalities and conducted household survey through snowball methods. According to the survey findings, married women are preferred to go for abroad, whereas the age of migration is after 30 years. Literate are very less migrated for foreign labor. Majority of the female migrants preferred to go to Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)countries and then other countries, i.e. Malaysia, Lebanon, etc. There are both positive and negative impacts clearly observed. The positive impacts of remittance to support for the poverty alleviation at household level, enhance educational and health facilities as well as improve housing conditions. But, the negative impacts, especially on children are appeared, i.e. care deficit, aggressive behavior, physical abuse, deteriorating health condition and school dropout. To, eliminate or reduce negative impact, government should take initiation and formulate effective policies that can maximize positive effects.
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Syarafina Mohamed, Nur, Mustafa Mamat, Mohd Rivaie, Nur Hamizah Abdul Ghani, Norhaslinda Zull, and Syazni Syoid. "Estimating the unemployment rate using least square and conjugate gradient methods." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.15 (April 6, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.15.11360.
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Unemployment rate is one of the major issues among Malaysian citizens. The unemployment rate indicates the percentage of the total workforce who are actively seeking employment and currently unemployed. In this paper, a data of unemployment rate of a state in Malaysia from year 2000 until 2015 is collected. The statistics data is extracted by Labour Force Survey Malaysia (LFSM) which was conducted monthly by using household approach targeted to working ages between 15 to 64 years old. An estimation data for year 2016 can be forecasted by using discrete least square method of numerical analysis and conjugate gradient method in unconstrained optimization. These methods have been chosen based on its simplicity and accuracy. The calculations are based on linear and quadratic models for each the method together with their errors. Results showed that the conjugate gradient method is comparable with the least square method.
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Mohd Ashri, Muhamad Hasrol, Hazizi Abu Saad, and Siti Nur Άsyura Adznam. "Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Body Weight Status and Energy Intake among Users and Non-Users of Dietary Supplements among Government Employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072248.
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The use of dietary supplements is prevalent among many groups worldwide. However, few studies have examined their use among government employees. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association among sociodemographic characteristics, body weight status, and energy intake with dietary supplement use among government employees in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Simple random sampling was used to select a sample of 460 government employees from six ministries in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The data used in this study were collected through anthropometric measurements (height, weight, % body fat, waist and hip circumferences), a self-administered questionnaire (sociodemographic characteristics and dietary supplements use), and an interviewer-administered questionnaire (24-hour dietary recall; fruit and vegetable intake). The results indicated that the prevalence of dietary supplement use was 55.4%, with vitamin C (38.4%) being the most popular type of dietary supplement. Health issues (80.8%) were the most common reason for usage, internet (59.2%) was the main source of information, and pharmacies (71.8%) were the most indicated places to purchase dietary supplements. A multivariate analysis showed that participants who were female, married, had better monthly income, lived within a smaller household size, had a normal body mass index, classified as having unhealthily high body fat percentage, did not skip breakfast, and consumed at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day were significantly more likely to use dietary supplements. In conclusion, health-conscious groups were more prone to consume dietary supplements, and due to the high prevalence of dietary supplement use, dissemination of accurate scientific information regarding dietary supplements is highly recommended among government employees.
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Musa, Azalillah Ramdani, and Norngainy Mohd Tawil. "Cabaran Pemilikan Rumah untuk Generasi Milenium di Lembah Klang, Malaysia." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si5, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-si5(1)-03.
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The Millennium Generation is a cohort of generations classified as a group between the ages of 23 to 38 years in 2019, it can be a reference point to describe the characteristics and demographics of this generation. In this new era of 2020, the Millennium generation has faced great challenges in the issue of home ownership, to understand this issue this research will identify the factors that influence home ownership and its challenges for the Millennium generation in home ownership in the Klang Valley. The methodology of this study is conducted quantitatively through a questionnaire study conducted to 500 respondents and a total of 467 respondents who have provided feedback that is 94.3%. As a result of the analysis, factors that influence ownership and challenges are identified. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to analyse the data. The level of respondents’ agreement with the factor instrument was determined using mean values. Age, marital status, educational level, employer status, duration of employment, number of households, household income factors, and expenditure are factors that influence home ownership, based on the findings of the research. High cost of living, high house prices and lack of affordable housing supply, high instalment payments, high loan interest rates, no savings, high existing commitments, not eligible to buy a low-cost scheme house, employment is still unstable, and desire to buy a house after marriage are among the challenges that this Millennium generation face. The findings of this study are crucial in understanding why this problem occurs and how to address the problem of incapacity to purchase a home for this Millennium generation.