Relevant bibliographies by topics / Household emissions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Household emissions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Household emissions"

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Xu, Chengcheng, and Shuyue Wu. "Evaluating the Effects of Household Characteristics on Household Daily Traffic Emissions Based on Household Travel Survey Data." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061684.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of household characteristics on household traffic emissions. The household travel survey data conducted in the Jiangning District of Nanjing City, China were used. The vehicle emissions of household members’ trips were calculated using average emission factors by average speed and vehicle category. Descriptive statistics analysis showed that the average daily traffic emissions of CO, NOx and PM2.5 per household are 8.66 g, 0.55 g and 0.04 g respectively. The household traffic emissions of these three pollutants were found to have imbalanced distributions across households. The top 20% highest-emission households accounted for nearly two thirds of the total emissions. Based on the one-way ANOVA tests, the means of CO, NOx and PM2.5 emissions were found to be significantly different over households with different member numbers, automobile numbers, annual income and access to the subway. Finally, the household daily traffic emissions were linked with household characteristics based on multiple linear regressions. The contributing factors are slightly different among the three different emissions. The number of private vehicles, number of motorcycles, and household income significantly affect all three emissions. More specifically, the number of private vehicles has positive effects on CO and PM2.5 emissions, but negative effect on NOx emissions. The number of motorcycles and the household income have positive effects on all three emissions.
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Irfany, Mohammad Iqbal, and Stephan Klasen. "Affluence and emission tradeoffs: evidence from Indonesian households' carbon footprint." Environment and Development Economics 22, no. 5 (August 9, 2017): 546–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x17000262.

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AbstractThis study estimates Indonesian households’ carbon emissions that are attributed to their expenditures in 2005 and 2009 to analyze the pattern, distribution and drivers of their carbon footprint. Employing an input-output-emission-expenditure framework, the authors find a significant difference in household carbon emissions between different affluence levels, regions and educational levels. They also find that, while many household characteristics influence emissions, total expenditure is by far the most important determinant of household emissions, both across households and over time. Consequently, emissions inequality is very similar to expenditure inequality across households. The decomposition analysis confirms that changes in emissions are predominantly due to rising expenditures between the two periods, while expenditure elasticities analysis suggests that the rise in household emissions is mainly caused by the overall rise in total household expenditure, and not by shifting consumption shares among consumption categories. The paper discusses policy options for Indonesia to reduce this very strong expenditure–emissions link.
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Lai, Siyue, Xinyue Wang, and Yuchen Li. "Carbon Footprint of Household Consumption of Different Income Groups —— Evidence from Micro-data of Chinese Households." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018502019.

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It is significant to discuss the carbon emissions in household consumption to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the CLA analysis method, this paper calculates the carbon emissions of Chinese households in 2015 from a micro perspective, and analyzes the characteristics and structure of household carbon emissions at different income levels in different regions. The results show that most household carbon emissions come from direct energy, food, medical and daily necessities consumption, and the proportion of these three factors in household total carbon emissions gradually decreases with the increase of income level. At the regional level, the increase in income level does not necessarily lead to an increase in carbon emissions. Household carbon emissions and carbon emission structure fluctuate with income in a certain trend.
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Fan, Jingbo, Aobo Ran, and Xiaomeng Li. "A Study on the Factors Affecting China’s Direct Household Carbon Emission and Comparison of Regional Differences." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184919.

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As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has been attracting attention. In the global carbon emission structure, the proportion of household carbon emissions continues to increase, and it is necessary to focus on the issue of household emissions. Based on the perspective of the family sector and the comparison of urban–rural and interprovincial differences, this study makes a thorough and systematic analysis of the factors affecting direct household carbon emissions. The average carbon emission of urban households is higher than that of rural households. Both personal background and household energy consumption facility use have important impacts on household carbon emissions, and the degree of impact varies between urban and rural areas and between provinces. Reducing household carbon emissions and achieving a harmonious coexistence between man and nature are the common goals of the government and society. The government should explore the model of green sustainable development on the basis of ensuring the energy needs of residents. Residents should also further establish a low-carbon life concept and focus on the cultivation of low-carbon lifestyles.
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Mwaura, F. M., M. Ngigi, and G. Obare. "Determinants of Households’ Agricultural and Energy Associated Greenhouse Gases Emissions among Smallholders in Western Kenya." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (July 30, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n4p177.

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Global efforts in reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and mitigating the impacts of climate change necessitates prioritization of developing effective strategies for estimating per capita carbon footprint, forecasting and addressing the major drivers. A survey was administered among 380 agricultural households in western Kenya with specific objectives of i) to utilize various emissions indices to establish total households emissions, ii) to establish households production and consumption related GHGs’ emissions and iii) determine socio-economic factors influencing per adult equivalent GHGs’ emissions at the households. Four cluster Sub-counties including Mt. Elgon, Bumula, Bungoma North and Sabatia were purposively sampled as influenced by agro-ecological, socio-economic, agricultural production and biomass energy sourcing characteristics for the study. A pre-set questionnaire was used to collect demographic, agricultural production, and energy sourcing and utilization information. Using the survey, households various agricultural activities and levels of utilization of agricultural inputs and energy sources were quantified. The quantified values were multiplied by respective emission’s factor derived from global statistics to estimate total emission. Enteric emissions accounted for 98 percent of livestock management associated GHGs. Every household emitted 2922kg CO2 Equivalent (Eq) from livestock management per annum. Maize associated GHGs emission in 2017 was 12817kg CO2 Eq with 81, 13 and 6 percent linked to residue decomposition, organic soil management and soil nutrient replenishment respectively. Maize production, biomass cooking energy, livestock management and lighting accounted for 47, 37, 13 and 3 percent respectively of total household emissions. Factors that significantly influenced adult equivalent GHGs emissions were consumption expenditure (P<0.01), household size (P<0.01), maize yield (P<0.01) and geographical locations. Efforts to reduce households GHGs emissions need to address adoption of clearner cooking and lighting energy, efficiency in livestock production and use of inorganic farming inputs for crop production.
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Zhang, Hongwu, Lequan Zhang, Keying Wang, and Xunpeng Shi. "Unveiling Key Drivers of Indirect Carbon Emissions of Chinese Older Households." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205740.

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The rapid urbanization and growing population aging have become salient features in China. Understanding their impacts on household emissions is crucial for designing mitigation policies for household carbon emissions. By integrating Chinese older household survey data with an unconditional quantile regression model, this paper examines the heterogeneous impacts of household characteristics on indirect carbon emissions of older Chinese households. There are three main findings: (1) The effects of urbanization on emissions at different quantiles of carbon emissions appear to be inverted U-shaped, which means that the rise of urbanization level increases carbon emissions more at the middle than at the bottom or the top, and helps to alleviate carbon emission inequality, (2) though carbon emissions rise with the increase of income, there is a clear urban-rural divide in the effects of income on carbon emissions, and (3) the rise in the share of well-educated people contributes to the increase in carbon emissions. The higher the degree of education is, the larger the impact is. These findings contribute to understanding the determinants of carbon emissions and are helpful for policymakers to design targeted policies in reducing carbon emissions from the consumption-side.
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Khaosang, Jutamas, and Sarawut Thepanondh. "Emission of Oxide of Nitrogen from Household Activity in Rayong Province, Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.655.

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This study is aimed to determine the emission of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), released from combustion of LPG, used in households cooking. The emission factor and emission inventory of NOX for the household activity are developed taking into consideration local characteristic of the household in Thailand. Activities data in this study are collected in Rayong province. These data will serve and assist in developing the emission database under the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registration (PRTR) program. Emission factors of NOx, based on amount of LPG usage per household per year are calculated for different size of household. These values are 142.2, 213.3 and 426.6 kg of NOx /1000 household/year for small, medium and large sizes of household, respectively. It is estimated that the total amount of NOx emissions from households LPG cooking will be about 60.31 tons per year in Rayong province.
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Liu, Yulin, Min Zhang, and Rujia Liu. "The Impact of Income Inequality on Carbon Emissions in China: A Household-Level Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2020): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072715.

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This study investigates the impact of income inequality on household carbon emissions in China using nationwide micro panel data. The effect is positive—households in counties with greater income inequality emit more—and remarkably robust to a battery of robustness checks. We also explore the roles that consumption patterns, time preference, and mental health play in the relationship between income inequality and household carbon emissions. The findings suggest that the change in consumption patterns caused by income inequality may be an important reason for the positive effect of inequality on household carbon emissions and that a lower time preference for consumption and improved mental health can mitigate the positive effect of income inequality on household carbon emissions. Furthermore, substantial differences are found among households at different income levels and households with heads of different ages. The findings of this study provide important insights for policy makers to reduce both inequality and emissions.
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Nurani, Idea Wening, Sandy Budi Wibowo, Zithny Ilman Prihastopo, Aura Puteri Pelangi, and Sunardi Sunardi. "Contribution of waste bank in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Bandung Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020002004.

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Households with all their activities produce waste which can be a source of GHG emissions if not managed properly. Reducing waste from its source is one of the ways to reduce GHG emissions. In Bandung Regency, one of the ways to reduce household waste is by running the Waste Bank program. Research is needed to find out how much the reduction of GHG emissions from waste management in the Waste Bank. This study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods with descriptive analysis including IPCC method to estimate GHG emission reductions from waste management and in-depth interview with the operators in one of the Master Waste Banks (Bank Sampah Induk) in Bandung Regency, Y Waste Bank. The results showed that the potential GHG emission reductions from Y Waste Bank reached 0.016 Gg CH4 or equivalent to 401.273 tons of CO2eq, reducing GHG emissions from total household waste in Bandung Regency by 0.0007 %. Program and technology innovations and also assistance for customers or fostered groups are expected to be able to increase the quantity of waste managed at the Y Waste Bank up to the household level so that it can give higher contribution in reducing GHG emissions in Bandung Regency.
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Eshete, Zerayehu Sime, Dawit Woubishet Mulatu, and Tsegaye Ginbo Gatiso. "CO2 emissions, agricultural productivity and welfare in Ethiopia." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 5 (September 28, 2020): 687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-07-2019-0046.

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Purpose Climate change has become one of the most important development challenges worldwide. It affects various sectors, with agriculture the most vulnerable. In Ethiopia, climate change impacts are exacerbated due to the economy’s heavy dependence on agriculture. The Ethiopian Government has started to implement its climate-resilient green economy (CRGE) strategy and reduce CO2 emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of CO2 emission on agricultural productivity and household welfare. Design/methodology/approach This study aims to fill these significant research and knowledge gaps using a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model to investigate CO2 emissions’ impact on agricultural performance and household welfare. Findings The results indicate that CO2 emissions negatively affect agricultural productivity and household welfare. Compared to the baseline, real agricultural gross domestic product is projected to be 4.5% lower in the 2020s under a no-CRGE scenario. Specifically, CO2 emissions lead to a decrease in the production of traded and non-traded crops, but not livestock. Emissions also worsen the welfare of all segments of households, where the most vulnerable groups are the rural-poor households. Originality/value The debate in the area is not derived from a rigorous analysis and holistic economy-wide approach. Therefore, the paper fills this gap and is original by value and examines these issues methodically.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Household emissions"

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Hedman, Björn. "Dioxin emissions from small-scale combustion of bio-fuel and household waste." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-593.

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Denna avhandling behandlar rökgasutsläpp av persistenta organiska föroreningar, framförallt dioxiner, vid förbränning av fasta biobränslen och torrt hushållsavfall i relativt små anläggningar (5-600 kW) utan avancerad rökgasreningsteknik.

Samförbränning av avfall och biobränsle i effektiva mindre biobränslepannor testades som en alternativ strategi till den vanligen förekommande storskaliga hanteringen och förbränningen fast hushållsavfall. Medan storskalig förbränning av avfall ger investeringsmässiga fördelar med rökgasreningsteknik etc. kan små lokala anläggningar ha transportmässiga fördelar och möjligheter till utnyttjande av lokala biobränsletillgångar. Källsorterat, torrt, brännbart hushållsavfall insamlades från hushåll i glesbygd och samförbrändes i brikettform med energigräset rörflen i 150-600 kW biobränslepannor. Endast undantagsvis understeg dioxinemissionerna gällande gränsvärden för avfallsförbränning och nivåerna av väteklorid i rökgas översteg gränsvärdena flerfaldigt. Det bedömdes att någon form av extra rökgasrening är nödvändig för att säkerställa nivågränserna. Dioxiner hittades också i det eldade avfallet, framförallt i textilfraktionen. Dioxinmängderna i rökgaserna var oftast lägre än i det ingående bränslet.

Intermittent pelletseldning gav oväntat höga utsläpp av dioxiner med en emissionsfaktor på 28 ng(WHO-TEQ)/kg. Vedeldning i en modern miljömärkt villapanna gav betydligt lägre utsläpp av dioxiner än eldning i en gammal kombipanna och eldning med full lufttillförsel, som kan jämföras med användning av ackumulatortank, resulterade i upp till 90% minskning av utsläpp av dioxiner jämfört med eldning med reducerat lufttillskott (’pyreldning’). Eldning av plastavfall i en vedpanna gav höga utsläpp av dioxiner.

Okontrollerad förbränning av trädgårdsavfall och hushålls avfall i tunna eller som öppen eld ’bakgårdsbränning’, gav stora variationer i utsläppsnivåer som bara delvis kunde kopplas till avfallsinnehåll. Resultaten visar att denna typ av förbränning kan vara en betydande källa till dioxiner i miljön, och ett emissionsfaktorintervall på 4-72 ng (WHO-TEQ)/kg föreslås för bedömningar av utsläpp från backgårdsbränning av avfall med låga eller måttliga klorhalter.

En sammanfattande slutsats av alla försök är att dioxin utsläpp beror på komplicerade samband mellan bränsleinnehåll och förbränningsbetingelser. Bränslen med mycket höga klorhalter av ger oftast högre utsläpp av dioxiner än bränslen med låga klorhalter medan små skillnader döljs av variationer i förbränningsbetingelser.


This thesis deals with emissions of persistent organic pollutants, primarily dioxins, from the combustion of solid biofuels and dry combustible household waste in relatively small facilities, 5-600 kW, without advanced air pollution controls.

Co-combustion of waste and biofuel in effective small boilers was tested as an alternative to prevailing large-scale management and combustion strategies for handling municipal solid waste. This approach includes no advanced air pollution control systems, but offers two advantages: limiting transport and providing scope to use local biofuel resources. Source-sorted, dry, combustible household waste was collected from households in a sparsely populated area and co-combusted as briquettes together with reed canary-grass in 150-600 kW biofuel boilers. Most trials showed difficulties to meet regulative limits for the emissions of dioxins valid for incineration of MSW and the regulated limits for emissions of hydrochloric acid were exceeded manifold. It was concluded that additional flue-gas cleaning will be needed to ensure that emissions are sufficiently low. Dioxins were also found in the waste, especially in the textile fraction. The mass of dioxins in the flue-gas emissions was generally lower than the mass in the fuel input.

Intermittent combustion of wood pellets in a residential boiler resulted in an unexpectedly high dioxin emissions factor of 28 ng (WHO-TEQ)/kg fuel. Combustion of wood in a modern environmentally certified boiler yielded considerably lower dioxin emissions than combustion in an old boiler, and combustion with a full air supply, i.e. with use of heat storage tank, resulted in up to 90% reductions in dioxin emission factors compared to combustion with reduced air supply. Combustion of plastic waste in a residential wood boiler resulted in high emissions of dioxins.

Tests of uncontrolled combustion of garden and household waste in barrels or open fires, ‘backyard burnings’, resulted in emissions with large variations that could only be partly correlated to the waste constituents. The results imply that this may be an important source of dioxins in the environment and an emission factor range of 4-72 ng (WHO-TEQ)/kg is suggested for estimating emissions from backyard burnings of lightly and moderately chlorine-contaminated waste.

A summarized conclusion from all of the experiments is that predicting emission levels from waste contents is not straightforward (except that fuels with very high chlorine levels will usually result in high levels of dioxins in flue-gas emissions). Moderate differences in chlorine levels will usually be masked by the effect of variations in combustion conditions.

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Hedman, Björn. "Dioxin emissions from small-scale combustion of bio-fuel and household waste /." Umeå : Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-593.

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Rickwood, Peter. "The impact of physical planning policy on household energy use and greenhouse emissions." Electronic version, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/1085.

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This thesis investigates the impact of physical planning policy on combined transport and dwelling-related energy use by households. Separate analyses and reviews are conducted into dwelling-related and transport-related energy use by households, before a model is developed to investigate the city-wide implications of different land-use scenarios in Sydney, Australia. The analysis of household energy use in Chapter 3 suggests that medium density housing (i.e. lose-rise apartments, townhouses, and terraces) is likely to result in the lowest per-capita energy use, while also allowing for sufficient densities to make frequent public transport service viable. The analysis of transport energy in Chapter 4 confirms that increasing urban density is associated with decreased car ownership and use, independent of other factors. However, land use changes alone are likely to result in modest changes to travel behaviour. The results of the scenario modelling in Chapters 7-9 support the view that changes to land use alone can reduce household energy consumption, but the changes, even over a long time period (25 years) are small (~0-10%) for all but the most extreme land-use policies. Instead, a coordinated (land-use/transport and other policy levers) approach is much more effective. The results confirm that it is transport energy that is most sensitive to planning policy, but that a combined consideration of dwelling-related and transport-related energy use is still useful. The micro-simulation model developed to assess the impact of different land-use planning scenarios allows the establishment of a lower-bound estimate of the effect that housing policy has on household energy use, assuming ‘business as usual’ transport policy, household behaviour, and technology.
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Gunnarsdotter, Beck-Friis Barbro. "Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane during composting of organic household waste /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5793-9.pdf.

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Helander, Hanna, and Lovisa Larsson. "Emissions and Energy Use Efficiency of Household Biochar Production during Cooking in Kenya." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225772.

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This project examines the efficiency of a biochar-producing stove in meeting the needs of households in rural of Kenya. The stove has been tested and evaluated by five household in Embu, Kenya and compared with two other common cooking methods. The main parameters were time consumption, fuel consumption and emissions of carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Usability and energy use efficiency have also been evaluated. Three potential feedstocks have been examined for use in the biochar-producing stove; Grevillea prunings, maize cobs and coconut husks. The biochar-producing stove was well received by the households. It has potential of saving time, it saves fuel and it has a significantly lower level of emissions than other examined stoves. Despite some challenges related to the usability and the handling of the stove, an implementation of the biochar-producing stove can contribute to an alleviation of the women’s burdens, save fuel and contribute to a healthier indoor air climate.
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Beck-Friis, Barbro Gunnarsdotter. "Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane during composting of organic household waste /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009767821&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.
Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 5 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.
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Goodacre, Christopher. "Household end use energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions : a study of demand drivers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246356.

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Oladokun, Michael Gbolagade. "Dynamic modelling of the socio-technical systems of household energy consumption and carbon emissions." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2827.

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There is a growing need to curtail the carbon emissions in the globe in order to achieve the climate stabilisation goals based on the climate change threat. And as such, different initiatives and schemes of Government have targeted a number of policies at reducing energy and carbon emissions targets with the housing sector of the economy not an exception. In order to explore the feasibility of achieving carbon emissions reduction targets within the housing sector of the UK, the research views the issue of household energy consumption and carbon emissions as complex sociotechnical problem involving the analysis of both the social and technical variables. This thesis therefore describes the development of the system dynamics based model to capture and solve the problem relating to the future profiles of household energy consumption and carbon emissions by providing a policy advice tool for use by the policy makers. In order to investigate the problem, the research adopts the pragmatist research strategy involving collection of both qualitative and quantitative data to develop the model. The developed model has six modules, which are: population/household, dwelling internal heat, occupants’ thermal comfort, climatic-economic-energy efficiency interaction, household energy consumption, and household CO2 emissions. In addition to the ‘baseline’ scenario, the developed model was used to develop four illustrative scenarios of household energy consumption and carbon emissions; which are: ‘efficiency’ scenario, ‘behavioural change’ scenario, ‘economic’ scenario, and ‘integrated’ scenario. The ‘efficiency’ scenario generally considers the effects of improvements in energy efficiency measures on household energy consumption and ultimately on household carbon emissions. Additionally, the ‘behavioural change’ scenario tries to model the effects of occupants’ change of energy consumption behaviour on household energy consumption and carbon emissions profile. The ‘economic’ scenario assumes a case of policy change by Government favouring energy prices reduction, thereby reducing the energy bills payable by the householders and its consequences on household energy consumption and carbon emissions. And the ‘integrated’ scenario combines the assumptions in the first three scenarios and then analyses its effects on household energy consumption and carbon emissions. The ‘baseline’ results indicate that about 49% savings in carbon emissions by the year 2050 below the base year of 1990 are possible. Additionally, the results of the developed model for all the illustrative scenarios indicate that carbon emissions savings of 46%, 55%, 58%, and 63% below the base year of 1990 are possible from the ‘economic’, ‘efficiency’, ‘behavioural change’, and ‘integrated’ scenarios respectively. The research concludes that it is unlikely for any of the scenarios by its own to meet the required legally binding reductions of 80% cut in carbon emissions by 2050 unless this is vigorously pursued. The unique contribution of the research is the development of a model that incorporates socio-technical issues that can be used for decision making over time.
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Panigrahi, Manaswita. "Energy and cost analysis of household electricity efficiency improvements in a rental apartment building." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17151.

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In this thesis potential for (final and primary) energy and CO2 emission reductions and cost effectiveness of replacing existing household electric appliances and light bulbs with most popular or most energy efficient appliances in a multifamily apartment building in Växjö city is studied. The results showed that there is significant potential to reduce electricity demand and thereby to reduce primary energy use and CO2 emissions. The greatest potential lies with replacing existing incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs, while the lowest savings seem to be with replacement of microwave ovens. Assuming that reduced electricity demand reduces electricity generation in coal-based steam turbine (CST) technology, annually about 63 MWh of primary energy and 25 ton CO2 emissions could be reduced from the investigated building if the existing refrigerator/freezer, stove/oven, microwave oven, televisions and light bulbs are replaced with the most energy efficient alternatives available in the market today. Also, the results from ‚discounted payback period‛ and ‚cost of conserved energy‛ analyses also showed that it is cost-effective to install the most energy efficient appliances. This study for a single building is based on limited number of interviews, selected appliance types, and number of assumptions about marginal electricity production systems. To generalize the results more such studies in different conditions with measurement of actual energy use of all the household appliances should be conducted, which would help to fully understand the potential of primary energy savings and CO2 emission reductions in Swedish apartment buildings.
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Aretha, Aprilia. "HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA: EVALUATION ON HUMAN BEHAVIOUR, ECONOMY, AND GHG EMISSIONS." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215970.

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Books on the topic "Household emissions"

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Canada, Atomic Energy of. Radionuclide emissions from household humidifiers. Ottawa, Ont: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 1993.

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Anufriev, Valeriy, Yuliya Gudim, and Aytkali Kaminov. Sustainable development. Energy efficiency. Green economy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1226403.

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The monograph examines the problems of sustainable development and energy efficiency using the scientific and methodological approach proposed by the authors for the development of regional fuel and energy programs based on the KhMAO, the Sverdlovsk region, and the oil and gas production enterprise JSC Yuganskneftegaz, and presents the results of the environmental and economic assessment. This approach allows us to evaluate and select the most effective investment project for the utilization of associated petroleum gas from the point of view of energy, environmental and climate security on comparable indicators (tons, rubles). The authors proposed to distinguish from more than 200 UN indicators four basic indicators: the change in the green area (country, region, city, household) for the year; the level of energy efficiency; the amount of pollutants released per year; the annual amount of greenhouse gas emissions. It is proposed to consider the possibility of using the" energy " ruble of S. A. Podolinsky (kW / h) as a possible world reserve currency. Taking into account the unique experience of the region's participation in various projects of sustainable development, energy-efficient and low-carbon economy, it is proposed to create a market for waste and greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of the trade exchange of the Sverdlovsk region as a pilot platform for the implementation of the green economy. The history of the term "green economy", the essence of this concept is considered; the results of the application of green economy in different countries are shown. The international experience of green solutions and technologies is analyzed, the psychological aspects of the transition to a green economy are studied. For all those interested in the environmental development of the economy.
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Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency Emission Standards. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for source category: Metal furniture surface coating : background information for proposed standards. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2001.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for source category: Large appliances surface coating operations : background information for proposed standards. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2000.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for source category: Large appliances surface coating operations : background information for promulgated standards. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2002.

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Siqi, Zheng, and National Bureau of Economic Research., eds. The greenness of China: Household carbon dioxide emissions and urban development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Jarvis, Richard, Angie Bone, and Alex G. Stewart. Sustainability. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745471.003.0029.

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The concepts of ‘sustainability’ (the set of conditions where we meet current need without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs) and ‘sustainable development’ (the plan of actions required to achieve this) are increasingly gaining attention in the field of health protection. This chapter outlines how public health and health protection are intricately interlinked with all three pillars of sustainability (economic development, the environment, social equity) and the existential threats to human survival resulting from unsustainable development. The co-benefits of sustainable development are described (including health benefits: better cardiovascular and mental health, and decreased obesity and diabetes mellitus rates; reduced carbon dioxide emissions and improved household energy use), as well as suggestions as to how health protection can play a part in actions to improve sustainability.
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The Household Appliances (Noise Emission) Regulations 1990 (Statutory Instruments: 1990: 161). Stationery Office Books, 1990.

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The Household Appliances (Noise Emission) (Amendment) Regulations 1994 (Statutory Instruments: 1994: 1386). Stationery Office Books, 1994.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Emission Standards Division. and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., eds. National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for source category: Large appliances surface coating operations - background information for promulgated standards. Research Triangle Park, N.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Household emissions"

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Chen, Bin, Tasawar Hayat, and Ahmed Alsaedi. "Environment Emissions of Household Biogas Project." In Biogas Systems in China, 49–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55498-2_4.

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Washizu, Ayu, and Satoshi Nakano. "An Assessment of Carbon Taxation by Input–Output Analysis: Upstream or Downstream?" In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 151–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_9.

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Abstract To analyze the ripple effects of CO2 emissions from the introduction of renewable energy power plants, this study developed input–output tables for analysis of next-generation energy systems (IONGES). The results revealed that the environmental benefits obtained from investing in power plants of the same capacity vary significantly depending on the type of renewable energy. Using the IONGES, under assumptions of three carbon taxation methods (upstream, midstream, and downstream), we calculated the taxable CO2 emissions induced when producing each good or service and estimated the carbon tax burden associated with the final demand. We found that, in the upstream method, the taxation effects of one unit of carbon tax is concentrated in energy goods such as coal products and petroleum basic, while the effects are relatively dispersed in the downstream taxation method. If renewable energy is added to the government target level in 2030, taxable CO2 emissions will decrease by 12–13.3%. Compared with the upstream taxation method, in the midstream and downstream methods, the CO2 emissions induced by each final demand are distributed more evenly across various goods and services. Compared to the downstream taxation method, upstream taxation leads to higher CO2 emissions from exports, but lower CO2 emissions from household consumption. This is because energy-intensive industries such as machinery have high export ratios. We analyzed which expenditure categories contribute to the carbon tax burden associated with household consumption. In the case of upstream taxation, households mainly focus on reducing electricity consumption; in the case of downstream taxation, households reduce consumption of various energy-intensive goods and services.
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Liu, Lancui, and Yiming Wei. "Impacts of Household Consumption and Export Trade on CO2 Emissions." In Energy Economics: CO2 Emissions in China, 117–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13847-8_5.

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Ayinde, Taiwo B., Benjamin Ahmed, and Charles F. Nicholson. "Farm-Level Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Reductions for the Predominant Production Systems in Northern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 875–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_4.

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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different economic sectors in Nigeria and emphasizes those arising from agriculture and forestry. The impacts of climate change on agricultural systems in Nigeria are likely to be large, motivating the need for additional knowledge to assess current practices and formulate appropriate modifications for both mitigation and adaptation. Some current farming practices are believed to be adaptive, but further study would provide better assessments. We also analyzed the trade-offs between household income and GHG emissions at two contrasting sites in northern Nigeria. A farm optimization model maximizing the value of crop, livestock, and tree production activities in a single representative year assessed the potential impacts for GHG reductions of 10% and 25% and the maximum allowable reductions of 26% and 30% on farm activities and income. Emissions reductions of 10% reduced annual household incomes by less than 5% but required substantive changes, especially in livestock owned. Maximum possible GHG emissions reductions (while still meeting minimum household consumption needs) would require marked changes in production pattern and would lower household incomes by 22–44%. We did not assess effects over longer periods, where the role of livestock as a key asset may imply additional negative impacts. Productivity-enhancing technologies that would simultaneously reduce GHG emissions and increase incomes are needed for smallholder farms to play a larger role in climate change mitigation without the burden of reduced incomes and greater risk. This suggests the need for programmatic and policy actions both by national agricultural research systems and the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
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Contaldi, Mario, Rino Caporali, and Domenico Gaudioso. "Standards and Labels of Household Appliances as an Opportunity to Reduce CO2 Emissions." In Energy Efficiency in Household Appliances and Lighting, 560–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56531-1_61.

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Surahman, Usep, and Tetsu Kubota. "Household Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions for Residential Buildings in Jakarta and Bandung of Indonesia." In Sustainable Houses and Living in the Hot-Humid Climates of Asia, 325–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8465-2_32.

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Castellucci, Laura, Alessio D’Amato, and Mariangela Zoli. "Environmental Quality and Income Inequality: The Impact of Redistribution on Direct Household Emissions in Italy." In Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform, 123–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230392403_5.

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Huang, Jingnan, Ming Zhang, and Ningrui Du. "Correlating Household Travel Carbon Emissions, Travel Behavior and Land Use: Case Study of Wuhan, China." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 179–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19424-6_11.

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Wünsch, Christoph, and Franz-Georg Simon. "The Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Source-Separated Collection of Household Waste in Germany." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 269–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_35.

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Momodu, A. S., E. F. Aransiola, T. D. Adepoju, and I. D. Okunade. "Global Strategy, Local Action with Biogas Production for Rural Energy Climate Change Impact Reduction." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1381–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_198.

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AbstractGlobal climate change impact is predicted to affect various sectors including the energy demand and supply sectors respectively. Combating this impact will require adoption of both global strategy and localized actions. The use of low carbon strategy based on renewables is a global strategy, while waste management of biodegradable materials through the use anaerobic technology to meet energy demand is a local action. Nigeria is among the vulnerable countries to global climate change impact; this is even more aggravated by its dependence on fossil fuel usage as well as poor waste management, which two, contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. This chapter presents analysis of purified compressed biogas production, a waste conversion option, as a local action to meet rural household energy demand and contribute to global strategy of reducing climate change impact. It discusses both technical and business model approaches to upscale a laboratory experimental procedure for biogas production through anaerobic digestion using vegetal wastes. It shows that using anaerobic technology can achieve efficient waste management and at the same time generate energy that can be used to achieve avoided emissions for climate change impact reduction. The study also concludes that upscaling the project will be sustainable for rural energy augmentation as it produces clean and renewable energy, reduces the use of fossil fuels, provides jobs for skilled and unskilled labor, and generates new return streams.
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Conference papers on the topic "Household emissions"

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Forbes, P. B. C. "Particle emissions from household fires in South Africa." In AIR POLLUTION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air120391.

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Ramirez, Angel D., Karla Crespo, Daniel A. Salas, and Andrea J. Boero. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Household in Ecuador." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23199.

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Abstract The life cycle assessment (LCA) of a middle-class household of 5 members in Guayaquil, Ecuador was performed in order to identify the life cycle stages and activities with higher environmental burdens. LCA is a quantitative tool for assessing the environmental performance of products or systems during its life span, through the compilation and further evaluation of the inputs, outputs, and potential environmental impacts. The life cycle of the house included a 50-year lifespan house divided into three stages: pre-occupation, occupation, and post-occupation stage. The type of house chosen for the analysis represents the current trend of urban growth and planning of the city, which is pointing towards residential zones and housing plans far away from central areas. The notion of household metabolism is associated with the occupation stage. Household metabolism refers to all flows of matter and energy related to anthropogenic activities conducted on a household, which is a socio-economic entity that consists of people living together occupying a dwelling or part of it. Households are key entities of the anthroposphere because the sum of all private households is the process on which all other processes depend on and serve directly or indirectly. The total energy use and emissions for which the sum of households is responsible reflects the importance of considering its influence when assessing the environmental impact of dwellings. Five energy case scenarios were analyzed. These included different energy mixes and the use of inductive cookers as an alternative to those that use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which are the most used in Ecuador. The influence of the energy production structure of the country on the environmental impact of the household is supported by the results. A higher share of hydroelectricity in the energy mix, compared with the share of thermal electricity, presented lower environmental impacts in most categories. Public policies that encourage a shift towards a cleaner electricity production technology may decrease the overall environmental impact of households and buildings. The occupation stage entails the highest contribution to all impact categories, e.g. 88% of global warming potential (GWP), followed by the pre-occupation stage, contributing 10% of GWP. Food consumption has not been considered in reviewed studies, although it represents the highest environmental burden within the occupation stage of the house, followed by electricity, and gas use: 43, 27, and 20% of GWP respectively. The results support the importance of including household metabolism in LCA studies due to the high environmental burden associated with it, and the influence of the electricity production structure of the country on the life cycle impact of households.
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Ventrella, Jennifer, and Nordica MacCarty. "Development and Pilot Study of an Integrated Sensor System to Measure Fuel Consumption and Cookstove Use." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86041.

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Accurate, accessible methods for monitoring and evaluation of improved cookstoves are necessary to optimize designs, quantify impacts, and ensure programmatic success. Despite recent advances in cookstove monitoring technologies, there are no existing devices that autonomously measure fuel use in a household over time and this important metric continues to rely on in-person visits to conduct measurements by hand. To address this need, researchers at Oregon State University and Waltech Systems have developed the Fuel, Usage, and Emissions Logger (FUEL), an integrated sensor platform that quantifies fuel consumption and cookstove use by monitoring the mass of the household’s fuel supply with a load cell and the cookstove body temperature with a thermocouple. Following a proof-of-concept study of five prototypes in Honduras, a pilot study of one hundred prototypes was conducted in the Apac District of northern Uganda for one month. The results were used to evaluate user engagement with the system, verify technical performance, and develop algorithms to quantify fuel consumption and stove usage over time. Due to external hardware malfunctions, 31% of the deployed FUEL sensors did not record data. However, results from the remaining 69% of sensors indicated that 82% of households used the sensor consistently for a cumulative 2188 days. Preliminary results report an average daily fuel consumption of 6.3 ± 1.9 kg across households. Detailed analysis algorithms are still under development. With higher quality external hardware, it is expected that FUEL will perform as anticipated, providing long-term, quantitative data on cookstove adoption, fuel consumption, and emissions.
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"Analysis of SVOCs in micro chamber thermal extracted emissions from household dust." In 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Sciences. International Academy of Arts, Science & Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a0515037.

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Laberteaux, Kenneth P., Regina R. Clewlow, and Karim Hamza. "A Study of Automotive Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Reduction Opportunities Through Adoption of Electric Drive Vehicles." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34745.

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This paper explores opportunities for reductions in lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through adoption of electric drive vehicles (EDV), including hybrid, plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. EDVs have generally lower GHG emission rates during operation than similar-class conventional vehicles (CV). However, a key observation is that GHG reductions per mile are much larger during city driving conditions than on the highway. An examination of the estimated GHG emissions is conducted for city and highway driving conditions for several CV and EDV models based on testing results from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), then compared with key findings from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS 2009). Through an empirical analysis of actual driving patterns in the U.S., this study highlights potential missed opportunities to reduce transportation GHG emissions through the allocation of incentives and/or regulations. Key findings include the significant potential to reduce GHG emissions of taxis and delivery vehicles, as well as driving pattern-based incentives for individual vehicle owners.
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Badyda, Artur, Andrzej Chcialowski, Piotr Dabrowiecki, Adam Stanczyk, Anna Gayer, Dominika Mucha, and Lukasz Adamkiewicz. "Influence of fine particulate matter from household emissions on selected respiratory and cardiovascular diseases – Initial results." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa399.

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Ma, Shuhong, Xingfang Sun, Yifan Geng, and Tao Yang. "Influences of Student Household Characteristics on Commuting CO 2 Emissions: A Case Study of Haining, Zhejiang Province, China." In 20th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483053.306.

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Chromec, Peter R., and Francis A. Ferraro. "Waste-to-Energy in the Context of Global Warming." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1954.

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In December 2007 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Bali. It was based on the IPCC report no. 4 presented in Barcelona on November 2007. The messages are briefly: • Warming of the climate system is unequivocal; • Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times; • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century; • Key mitigation technologies in the waste sector: Landfill Gas (LFG) methane recovery; waste incineration with energy recovery; composting of organic waste; controlled waste water treatment; recycling and waste minimisation; biocovers and biofilters to optimise methane oxidation. The above by the IPCC proposed mitigation technologies for the waste sector can be categorized regarding specific waste treatment scenarios and their efficiency expressed in kg CO2 equivalent emitted per ton of waste. • Landfill w/o LFG recovery 1850 kg CO2-eq; • Landfill with LFG recovery 250–775 kg CO2-eq; • Energy-from-Waste plant −1000..−100 kg CO2-eq. With a population of little over 300 million people and a per capita municipal waste generation rate of 760 kg/person.year, the total waste generated in the USA is about 230 million Mg/year (OECD). With the treatment scenarios discussed above, the following can be stated: • If all wastes were landfilled waste disposal would correspond to 425 million tons of CO2 equivalents. • If all wastes were incinerated in Energy-from-Waste (EfW) plants, the emissions could be reduced by about 500 million tons of CO2 equivalents (about 9% of today’s US CO2 output) and make the waste management sector a GHG emissions sink. • The total electricity generated from EfW plants could be as high as 15,000 MW replacing about 50 standard 300 MW power plant units. To an average US 4 person household about 3 t/year of municipal solid wastes can be allocated, corresponding to an annual difference between landfilling without LFG recovery and EfW treatment of about 6.9 Mg CO2-eq /year. If this household wanted to achieve the same reduction of CO2 equivalent emissions by other means than having these wastes burnt in a modern EfW plant, they have the following options: • Remove one automobile from use (EPA: 6.0 Mg CO2-eq /year); • Cut household electricity consumption by 80% (EIA: 7.8 Mg CO2-eq /year). The European parliament commission has proposed to reduce CO2 emissions in Europe to 20–30% below 1990 levels. In comparison with Europe, annual GHG emissions (CO2-eq/person year) in the U.S. today are on a level about double that of the Europe. In order to achieve a similar reduction in the U.S., significant efforts have to be done on all energy fronts. Energy-from-Waste (EfW) is one of them, which at the same time solves a space and pollution problem and does not leave these issues to future generations.
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Huang, Jiayu, Junfei He, Zeqiong Xie, Lijun Liang, Chao Feng, Zhenqian Xiao, and Canming Zhong. "Study on Factor Decomposition of Per Capita Carbon Emissions from Household Energy Consumption in Guangdong Province Based on LMDI Method." In 2017 International Conference on Economic Development and Education Management (ICEDEM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icedem-17.2017.98.

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Ramirez, Angel D., Edgar F. Perez, Andrea J. Boero, and Daniel A. Salas. "Carbon Footprint of Energy Systems: Liquefied Petroleum Gas Based Cooking vs Electricity Based Cooking in Ecuador." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70351.

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Cooking is one of the most important final household uses of energy. In Ecuador, the main energy carrier for this use is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which normally is supplied in bottles. LPG is imported and heavily subsidized for household consumption. The Government has promoted the use of electric induction stoves provided the hydropower generation capacity in Ecuador is projected to grow. Sustainability issues should be considered when changes in energy systems are analyzed. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodological framework that can be used to quantify the environmental performance of any product or service, including energy systems. LCA can be used to quantify a range of environmental impact categories including Climate Change. The life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of a product or service are also known as carbon footprint. The objective of this study is to quantify the change in the carbon footprint of the household cooking system from the current based on LPG to the proposed based on electricity, and the cumulative energy demand (CED) for cooking with both technologies, using the LCA methodology, in order to provide a basis for the development of policies to reach the maximum mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG). Several scenarios that consider different electricity generation mixes, cooking efficiency and emissions profile are studied. The functional unit for comparison was defined as “1 effective MJ”, which is 1 MJ transferred to the food during cooking. System boundaries for the assessment included resources extraction, processing, energy carrier supply, cooking and manufacturing of the stove. The results depend highly on the carbon footprint of the electricity system and, in a lesser extent, on the stove efficiency. Main results indicate that a carbon footprint mitigation occurs when changing the conventional LPG to a highly hydropower based cooking system, and that a higher life cycle energy efficiency is obtained when a high stove efficiency is considered. However, a greater carbon footprint may occur when cooking is performed using fossil derived power, which is a possible case when cooking is performed during peak demand of electricity.
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Reports on the topic "Household emissions"

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Zheng, Siqi, Rui Wang, Edward Glaeser, and Matthew Kahn. The Greenness of China: Household Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Urban Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15621.

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Lin, Jiang. Mitigating Carbon Emissions: the Potential of Improving Efficiencyof Household Appliances in China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/891826.

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Thomas, Angela. An Inquiry into the Efficiency of Carbon Pricing Policy: A study of Sweden, United Kingdom, and Japan. Web of Open Science, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/nsrl.v1i2.75.

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This study uses an exploratory research methodology to analyse the efficiency of carbon pricing policies in driving sustainable development by effectively reducing carbon emissions, encouraging research and development of alternative energy sources and innovations. The study also attempts to assess the impact of carbon pricing as a driver for inclusive growth. This is through the analysis of relevant indicators to evaluate the distributive policies used by the governments to mitigate the disproportionate effect of lower income households is analysed
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Banerjee, Onil, Juan M. Murguia, Martin Cicowiez, and Adela Moreda. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform Approach to Tourism Investment Analysis: An Application to Costa Rica. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002288.

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Public investment in different types of tourism, from business to leisure tourism, has differentiated impacts on local economies, environment, people and government revenues. A fully integrated analytical approach such as the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform is required to capture these multi-dimensional impacts. Applying IEEM to public investment in tourism in Costa Rica we find: investing in a higher skilled labor force particularly in traditional tourism-related activities will improve household welfare; similar increases in demand across all types of tourism show that Health tourism generates the greatest impact on household welfare, while Business tourism has the best prospects for reducing unemployment; Business tourism generates the largest increase in government revenues, but also has the largest greenhouse gas emission footprint, and; the whole of economy perspective of IEEM that captures direct, indirect and induced impacts results in a higher Net Present Value estimation of the investment.
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