Journal articles on the topic 'Household economic'
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1
Majumder, Sacchidanand, and Soma Chowdhury Biswas. "Health and Socio-economic Implications of Poverty in Bangladesh." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 29 (October 31, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p301.
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The objective of this study was to explore the influences of the health and socio-economic factors associated with the poverty level of households in Bangladesh, through an analysis of data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010 conducted by Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). A total of all 12,240 households was considered in this study. CBN method was applied for estimating poverty of the household. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the main factors that influence the household’s poverty. The results showed that the probability of the household being poor was higher when the household’s head suffered from various chronic diseases like chronic fever, injuries/disability, eczema, leprosy, and asthma/breathing trouble as compared to the household whose head didn’t suffer from any chronic diseases. From the analysis, it was also found that when a large number within household suffered from any chronic disease, the probability of the household being poor was increased. The household that had no access to health care was poorer than the household that had access to health care. The results also showed that with increased investment in health, the probability of the household being poor was decreased. The results showed that rural households were poorer than urban households. Monthly income, land ownership, construction materials of walls and roofs, types of the latrine, source of drinking water, household size; age, sex, and employment status of the household’s head all had a significant impact on the poverty level of the household.
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Thomas, Barbara P. "Household strategies for adaptation and change: participation in Kenyan rural women’s associations." Africa 58, no. 4 (October 1988): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160349.
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Opening ParagraphRecent literature on Third World households suggests that the household is a critical unit of analysis in decision-making and economic organisation for development (Smith, Wallerstein and Evers, 1984; Netting, Wilk and Arnould, 1984). Increasingly, this literature is addressing intra-household behaviour, the ways in which households relate to other institutions and the degree to which they are autonomous or embedded in more comprehensive social structures (Guyer and Peters, 1984; Folbre, 1985; Moock, 1986). Indeed, the household focus requires not only close examination of the household's internal dynamics, but also its external context. That context includes the physical setting, international as well as national political and economic structures, and the local political economic and social systems.
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Dynan, Karen E. "Changing Household Financial Opportunities and Economic Security." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23, no. 4 (November 1, 2009): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.23.4.49.
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Households have experienced an expansion of financial opportunities over the past several decades. Expanded financial opportunities, such as the democratization of credit and new lending approaches, can yield benefits in terms of household economic security. However, the financial crisis that began in 2007 has powerfully illustrated that expanded financial opportunities can also pose dangers for households. By increasing the scope for investment in risky assets, people may end up with larger swings in wealth than they had anticipated. Households may borrow too much and then face obligations that are unsustainable given their resources. To explore these issues, I examine household data on wealth, assets, and liabilities going back 25 years and, in some cases, 45 years. I argue that changes in household finances in the decades leading up to the mid-1990s—including the gradual rise in indebtedness—likely increased household well-being, on balance, and contributed to a decline in aggregate economic volatility. However, changes in finances since the mid-1990s—in particular, a much sharper rate of increase in household debt—appear to have been destabilizing for many individual households and ultimately for the economy as a whole. I consider how the lessons learned in the current crisis might change household financial opportunities and choices going forward.
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Grimes, Paul W., Kevin E. Rogers, and William D. Bosshardt. "Economic Education and Household Financial Outcomes during the Financial Crisis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14070316.
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Using cross-sectional data from a nation-wide survey of American head-of-households conducted in the spring of 2010, we examined the ameliorating effects of economic literacy on the probability of specific household financial outcomes resulting from the 2008 financial crisis and the associated Great Recession. A series of probit regressions were estimated to capture the impact of economic literacy on the probability that households experienced job loss, delinquent mortgage payments, delinquent credit card payments, delinquent auto loan payments, loss of home, and personal bankruptcy. The head-of-household’s economic literacy was measured by the level of formal education received in economics and by the score achieved on an in-survey quiz of basic economic concepts and principles. The results indicate that realized quiz scores were correlated with the mitigation of job loss, late payment behavior, and personal bankruptcy, ceteris paribus. However, the results for the impact of formal economic coursework in school were mixed.
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Lee, Kenneth, Edward Miguel, and Catherine Wolfram. "Does Household Electrification Supercharge Economic Development?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.1.122.
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In recent years, electrification has reemerged as a key priority in low-income countries, with a particular focus on electrifying households. Yet the microeconomic literature examining the impacts of electrifying households on economic development has produced a set of conflicting results. Does household electrification lead to measurable gains in living standards or not? Focusing on grid electrification, we discuss how the divergent conclusions across the literature can be explained by differences in methods, interventions, potential for spillovers, and populations. We then use experimental data from Lee, Miguel, and Wolfram (2019) — a field experiment that connected randomly selected households to the grid in rural Kenya — to show that impacts can vary even across individuals in neighboring villages. Specifically, we show that households that were willing to pay more for a grid electrification may gain more from electrification compared to households that would only connect for free. We conclude that access to household electrification alone is not enough to drive meaningful gains in development outcomes. Instead, future initiatives may work better if paired with complementary inputs that allow people to do more with power.
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Bohr, Jeremiah, and Anna C. McCreery. "Do Energy Burdens Contribute to Economic Poverty in the United States? A Panel Analysis." Social Forces 99, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz131.
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Abstract For many households, energy consumption represents a non-discretionary portion of their budget and directly relates to quality of life. As researchers continue to study the environmental impacts of energy behavior, it is important to explore how energy consumption relates to socio-economic wellbeing. This paper examines the economic impacts of being energy-burdened in the United States, defined as spending at least 10% of household income on heating and electricity services; energy burdens are partially, but not entirely, driven by income, since energy needs and costs can vary substantially due to housing characteristics, utility rates, and other factors. Using panel data of US household income and energy expenditures during 1999–2017, this analysis demonstrates that energy-burdened households were at about 150%–200% greater risk of transitioning into or extending the duration of economic poverty over a two-year timeframe relative to non-burdened households. This analysis indicates that dedicating inordinate amounts of income to energy services can threaten a household’s economic well-being over time, possibly by preventing a household from engaging in other economic activities or compounding existing economic hardship. These results emphasize the importance of energy assistance and energy efficiency for low-income households, drawing attention to how structures of energy consumption, the welfare state, and social stratification intertwine.
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Al-Dala'een, Jawad Atef. "The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Plant Home Gardens." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n1p28.
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The objective of this research is to highlight the socio-economic characteristics of households that practice urban plant production through their household gardens. The questionnaire was a tool used to collect data. Stratified sample was which divided the population into six strata. The first five strata were depending on family income, while the sixth strata was depending on the households in suburban areas. The results showed that the distribution of gardens was affected by the family income, the free space inside household. Most of households showed that the production is used either for family consumption or used as entertainment tool inside household. The educational level affected the care for household gardens. In low income families, the low educational individual used to care for gardens, while the contrary was recorded for higher income layers. In the suburban areas, the care for garden was taken over by all family members.
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Hoover, Gary A., Ryan A. Compton, and Daniel C. Giedeman. "More on the Impact of Economic Freedom on the Black–White Income Gap." Public Finance Review 46, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116668253.
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Using household-level data from 1980 to 2010, we examine whether economic freedom, as measured by the Economic Freedom of North America Index, has similar effects on white household income as it does on black household income. Our findings suggest that the positive effect of economic freedom found in most studies affects black households less than white households. Further, using the Oaxaca decomposition, our results show that economic freedom is an important factor explaining the gap between black and white household incomes.
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Gromek, Natalia, and Jolanta Perek-Białas. "Pet goods consumption in Polish households." Econometrics 26, no. 3 (2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/eada.2022.3.01.
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This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.This paper expands the considerations of Becker’s and Leibenstein’s family theories with a focus on the additional member of the household (pet/animal) in the analysis of consumption. It is the first analytical approach regarding pet goods consumption with references to microeconomic theories based on Polish data. The study analyses the households’ characteristics that have an impact on expenditure on pet goods. This article used the Polish Household Budget Surveys for 2018. The findings from the logistic regression models suggest that the household’s socio-economic group, place of living, children in household and whether the household rents the flat/accommodation impact on determining the probability of owning a pet among Polish house-holds; analyses of interactions between significant variables were also conducted. However, the human-animal bond could not be included in analysis, which is a limitation, the overall work is pioneering, as it shows the quantitative approach to household economy that highlights the need to elaborate the economic family theories of Becker and Leibenstein by a new family member – a pet.
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Manh Quach, Hao. "Does access to finance improve household welfare?" Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2).2016.08.
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In this paper, the author develops an econometric framework to analyze the effect of access to credit on the economic welfare of households in Vietnam. The findings confirm that household credit contributes positively and significantly to the economic welfare of households in terms of per capita expenditure, per capita food expenditure and per capita non-food expenditure. The positive effect of credit on household economic welfare is observed regardless of whether they are poor or better-off households. The author also finds that credit has a greater positive effect on the economic welfare of poorer households and finds that the age of the household head, the household size, land ownership, and savings and the availability of credit at village level are key factors that affect household borrowing. Some policy implications are drawn
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Ali, Hina, and Sohail Naseer Naseer. "Household Characteristics and Higher Education Role in Creating Sustainable Development, In the Future." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 5, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v5i4.273.
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The present study has been designed to examine household characteristics and higher education's role in creating sustainable development in the future in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. It indicates the sustainability in education based upon core knowledge and scientific methods that are used to increase the interest of households toward economic growth. Household higher education for sustainable development (HESD) is a good method but it is affected by different social and economic factors. Primary data was collected from 200 respondents from urban households. Data on the household higher education was collected by the respondent by asking a series of questions. For data estimation ordered logistic regression was used. The final findings of our study concluded that age, income, and covidvacine19 have positive coefficients and which indicates a household's higher level of education has a positive impact on sustainable development for creating sustainability in the future, and household family size and landholding have a negative coefficient. Measuring sustainability and the economic progress of household characteristics through higher education is the best way and it indicates a good standard of household lifestyles. Proper policies should be implemented that increase the interest of the government to increase funding for educational institutions at the province level in creating sustainable development in the future in southern Punjab Pakistan.
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Karina, Dea, Tri Astuti Nuraini, and Prita Indriawati. "PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN DIKELURAHAN MANGGAR BARU BALIKPAPAN." Jurnal Edueco 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/edueco.v1i2.17.
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Uncertainty of income obtained by the head of the family as a fisherman encourages the housewife member of the fisherman to work in order to fulfill the household's living needs. This research was conducted to determine the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households in Manggar Baru Balikpapan and also to find out what obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households. This research was also conducted to determine government policies in empowering coastal women. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data from this study were obtained by observing, interviewing, and documenting studies and processed using source triangulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that the role of women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households taking care of the household is a top priority, accompanying their husbands, taking care of their children and helping their husbands work as crab skin peelers or running small shops can increase household economic income. In carrying out this role they did not escape the obstacles they faced, the obstacles faced by women in increasing the economic income of fishermen households were the constraints of unhygienic and unsafe water sources for individual and household needs as well as the absence of strengthening women fishermen groups for small business industries is a constraint faced by women in increasing household economic income. In terms of empowering coastal communities, the Government participates in conducting coaching for coastal communities in the Manggar Baru Balikpapan village through trainings even though the training is not regularly scheduled.
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Zhu, Qiaoqiao, Xiaowen Sang, and Zhengbo Li. "Economic growth and household energy footprint inequality in China." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): e0282300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282300.
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There are significant differences in energy footprints among individual households. This study uses an environmentally extended input-output approach to estimate the per capita household energy footprint (PCHEF) of 10 different income groups in China’s 30 provinces and analyzes the heterogeneity of household consumption categories, and finally measures the energy equality of households in each province by measuring the energy footprint Gini coefficient (EF-Gini). It is found that the energy footprint of the top 10% income households accounted for about 22% of the national energy footprint in 2017, while the energy footprint of the bottom 40% income households accounted for only 24%. With the growth of China’s economy, energy footprint inequality has declined spatially and temporally. Firstly, wealthier coastal regions have experienced greater convergence in their energy footprint than poorer inland regions. Secondly, China’s household EF-Gini has declined from 0.38 in 2012 to 0.36 in 2017. This study shows that China’s economic growth has not only raised household income levels, but also reduced energy footprint inequality.
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Sutanto, Wiliyanti, Mayumi Sakaguchi, Eka Rastiyanto Amrullah, Aris Rusyiana, and Akira Ishida. "Accurate targeting in the Indonesian RASKIN program." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 11 (October 6, 2020): 1363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2020-0124.
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PurposeUsing nationally representative data, this study estimated the probability of a household receiving RASKIN rice in general as well as the rate of excluding poor households and including nonpoor households in relation to the targeting accuracy of the RASKIN program.Design/methodology/approachThe data came from the National Socioeconomic Survey conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics in March 2015. Several independent variables were included, such as the head of household's age, gender and marital status, in addition to highest educational level among family members, household size, economic status, regional district and residential classification.FindingsThe results showed that a household's probability of receiving RASKIN rice increases if the head of household is older, female and a widower, and the household has more human capital accumulation, more family members, lower economic status and is in a rural area and/or Java and Nusa Tenggara. The estimated probabilities of poor households excluded from the RASKIN program and nonpoor households included are 44.8 and 35.1%, respectively, suggesting mistargeting occurred where eligible recipients were undercovered, and revealed the loss of funds to ineligible households.Originality/valueThe present study focused on the program's targeting accuracy while at the same time keeping in mind the social and geographical conditions in Indonesia. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, little to no such research has been conducted.
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Lago, Manuel E., and Ignacio Lago. "From the Brady Bunch to Gilmore Girls: The Effect of Household Size on Economic Voting." American Politics Research 49, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 400–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x211005672.
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This article examines whether household size affects economic voting. We argue when individuals are asked about national economic conditions and their personal financial situation that moderate or mid-range responses are more likely in multi-person households than in one-person households. The aggregation of personal economic evaluations within households reduces the variation in economic opinions across household members. As a result, it is harder for an individual to say that the national economic conditions and her personal financial situation are good or bad as the number of household members increases. Using individual-level data from the American National Election Studies from 1966 to 2016, the authors find that both evaluations of the national economy and personal economic conditions are endogenous to household size. The aggregate, state-level evidence from five presidential elections in the U.S. shows that the impact of the economy on the incumbent support increases the larger the number of one-person households.
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Bamgboye, Elijah, Tayo Odusote, Iyabode Olusanmi, Joshua Akinyemi, Yussuf Bidemi, Ayo Adebowale, Ashaolu Gbenga, and Oladapo Ladipo. "Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 20, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i2.47.
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Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulner- ability is household hunger.
Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1300 OVC households in 5 selected Local Government Areas. The LGAs were select- ed using the Household Vulnerability Assessment index. Data collection was by personal interview of households’ heads/ caregivers using a structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, household economic profile and food-related variables. A multivariate logit model was fitted to identify independent predictors of household hunger after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results: The population density was 5.1 and 52.8% were females. A larger proportion of females (84.6%) than males (78.3%) reported that they had no food to eat in the last four weeks prior the survey. Poor household economic status (OR=1.41, CI: 1.03-1.92), age and marital status of caregiver were independent predictors of household hunger. The odds of hunger increased with caregiver’s age; higher in households headed by never married (OR=3.99, CI: 1.15-13.89) and di- vorced/separated caregivers (OR=2.39, CI: 1.11-5.12).
Conclusion: OVC households experienced severe hunger. Household economic strengthening would be useful strategy to mitigate the nutrition challenges of OVC in Lagos state.
Keywords: Orphans; vulnerable; children; households food security; caregivers; economy; Nigeria.
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Dermawan, Alvindo, Nofialdi Nofialdi, and Yusmarni Yusmarni. "Economic Analysis of Household Processing Sugar Nagari Bukik Batabuah Agam District." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v2i1.707.
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This study aims to describe household economic processing brown sugar and identify the factors that affect decision sugar confection red and household consumption processing brown sugar in nagari bukik batabuah kecamatan canduang kabupaten agam. Methods used are the method survey. Populations are all households processing brown sugar traditionally in nagari bukik batabuah kecamatan canduang kabupaten agam with 528 unit households. A method of the respondents is by means simple random sampling as many as 30 households respondents. Analysis the data used was deskripsitif qualitative. The result of this research is that torrent of working hours in in the processing brown sugar greater than activities outside processing brown sugar so income derived from the sale of red is also greater of income outside activities processing brown sugar of rp.2.581.667 or 82 % household income comes from income brown sugar, their household needs processing brown sugar could not be fulfilled some of their income spent for consumption needs food without capable of savings and invest. Factors that affects decision sugar confection red in nagari bukik batabuah is the number of raw materials, sugar price red and needs of the households, while that affects household consumption processing brown sugar namely household income, the number of family members, and the number of families to that are still at school. Advice provided researchers that is as well
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Sahoo, Sanjaya Kumar, and Sukanta Chandra Swain. "Analysis of Economic Participation of Out-Migrants from Odisha in Household Management." Restaurant Business 118, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i10.9150.
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Household is the key economic agent of any country. Efficient management of the household calls for automatic efficiency in other agents - firm, government and foreign sector. Managing household in economic front in Odisha has been a challenge owing to dismal percapita income and concentration of economic power with a few. This, in turn, calls for economic participation of more members of the household but Odisha fails to cater engagement avenues to all individuals who aspire to participate in economic management of their respective households. Thus, people get insisted to migrate different places to earn and remit to support their households. The scope of this study is confined only to out-migrants from Odisha placed temporarily in other states of India. The Objectives of this Study are to sketch the broad demography of out-migrants from Odisha and unfold the reality of economic participation of such migrants in their household management.
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Gholipour, Hassan F., and Mary Elizabeth Dunkley. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Household Financial Assets." Applied Economics Quarterly: Volume 65, Issue 2 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/aeq.65.2.101.
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Abstract We examine the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and patterns of two major household financial assets. Using data from a set of OECD countries from 1995 to 2016 and applying cointegrating regressions, we find evidence that escalations in EPU shift households’ portfolios away from shares and towards currency and deposits. Our results have important implications for macroeconomic policymakers and corporate finance managers. JEL Classifications: G11, D81 Policy Uncertainty; Household Financial Assets; FMOLS
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LEPEYKO, Tetiana, and Inna KOZLOVA. "FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON HOUSEHOLD INVESTMENT BEHAVIOR UNDER UNCERTAINTY." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-4-28.
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Introduction. The basis of economic development in any country is the investment activity of economic entities. To increase investment activity in the country, it is necessary to involve households in investment activities, which can significantly increase the level of investment at all levels through active investment behavior. The purpose of the research is to analyze the impact of factors on the households’ investment behavior in conditions of uncertainty, which is realized by analysis of the main sources of households’ investment activity at the macro, meso and micro levels; study of the composition of investment expenditures in the households; correlation analysis of the impact of the identified factors on the households’ investment behavior. Results. Investment behavior of households is the action to convert investment sources into certain types of income depending on the areas of investment activity. The main sources for investment in households are cash resources in the form of wages, income from entrepreneurial activities; financial assistance from various sources. The structure and level of the households’ income depend on the households’ location, their age structure, educational and cultural level of household members. Investment expenditures of households are the basis of their investment behavior. The most popular among Ukrainian households are the following investment expenditures: purchase of property to generate income; deposits in banks; spending on educational services, child development and health support of household members. The expenditures structure also depends on the characteristics of the household. Correlation analysis was used to determine the impact of factors, including the uncertainty factor, on household investment expenditures. The uncertainty factor is based on the index of consumer confidence of households. Conclusions. The households’ investment behavior is influenced by many factors, but the most significant factors are the level of household savings, the level of household income, the index of consumer confidence of households as a factor in assessing the level of uncertainty. Keywords: household’s investment behavior, household income, investment expenditure of households, uncertainty factor.
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Al-Dala'een, Jawad Atef. "The Socio-economic Factors Affecting Animal Breeding in Urban Households." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n1p36.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the socio-economic conditions of households who have animal production gardens. The questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire concentrated on collecting data about animal breeding patters, the extent of these animals in these gardens. The sample was distributed on six stratified layers each layer represent a pattern of household income except the sixth layers which represents household gardens suburban areas. The results showed that households concentrate on animal breeding in their gardens. The type of animal breeding depends on the location of layers and laws, which regulate this process. In suburban areas, all kinds of animal were allowed to breed in household gardens. The production attained of animal breeding was very considerable and can be considered as part of household income.
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Mupeta, Mavis, Elias Kuntashula, and Thomson Kalinda. "Impact of Urban Agriculture on Household Income in Zambia: An Economic Analysis." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 10, no. 2 (July 17, 2020): 550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2020.102.550.562.
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The study aimed to empirically determine the impact of urban agriculture on household income in Zambia. The analysis was based on the 2007/2008 Urban Consumption/ Expenditure secondary data collected in Kitwe and Lusaka districts, with a total sample size of 2,682 urban households. The propensity score matching approach is used to estimate the impact of urban agriculture on household income since the method takes into account the systematic differences in socio-economic characteristics between the urban agriculture practicing and non-practicing households by matching from both groups with similar characteristics. Results indicate that urban agriculture has a significant positive effect on household income. The income of households that practiced urban agriculture increased by 13.7% to 19.1%. It implies that urban agriculture has the potential to improve household livelihood through enhanced income.
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Megawati, Suci, Muhammad Farid Ma’ruf, Eva Hany Fanida, Fitrotun Niswah, and Trenda Aktiva Oktariyanda. "Strengthening Family Resilience through Financial Management Education in Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic." Journal La Bisecoman 1, no. 5 (December 29, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallabisecoman.v1i5.246.
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The spread of Covid-19 in a short time paralyzed the order of life as well as had a real impact on social and economic aspects. Mitigation and preparation for household economic recovery are the contributions of social science that are used as the basis for policy change for the Indonesian nation. Households are at the core of the nation's economic resilience. The household is a unit of analysis that cannot be ignored considering that this country cannot have high resilience when the household cannot survive properly. This research is aimed at examining how the economic impact of households in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and how the solution focuses on the accuracy of household financial management.
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Maroto, Michelle. "The Great Balancing Act: Households, Debt, and Economic Insecurity." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312098819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120988199.
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Balancing finances is a complicated and precarious act for many U.S. households, with constant concerns that income will not be enough. What happens when households are no longer able to keep up this balancing act? This research draws on 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances data to examine varying experiences of economic insecurity, measured as whether a household’s expenses exceeded its income in the previous year, and households’ strategies for managing economic insecurity. The author explores the ties among economic security, household debt burdens, and credit market access. By comparing the actual strategies that insecure households used to weather insecurity with the hypothetical strategies proposed by more secure households, the findings show that the resources that protect against insecurity also influence how households manage it. Although most insecure households relied on borrowing when their spending exceeded their incomes, secure households most often recommended spending from savings or finding additional income.
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Matheson, Jesse, and Lynn McIntyre. "Women respondents report higher household food insecurity than do men in similar Canadian households." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300116x.
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AbstractObjectiveWe investigated factors accounting for the consistently higher levels of household food insecurity reported by women in Canada.DesignTwo cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey for the years 2005/2006 and 2007/2008 were pooled to examine the association between household food insecurity, measured using the Household Food Security Survey Module and other metrics, and respondent sex. We stratified households as married/cohabiting (in which case, the household respondent was chosen randomly) or non-married (single/widowed/separated/divorced) and adjusted for differences in household characteristics, including the presence of children.SettingCanada.SubjectsAnalysis was restricted to households dependent on employment/self-employment and whose reported annual household income was below $CAN 100 000. Exclusions included respondents less than 18 years of age, any welfare receipt, and missing food insecurity, marital status, income source and amount, or household composition data.ResultsFor non-married households, increased food insecurity in female-v. male-led households was accounted for by significant differences in household socio-economic characteristics. In contrast, in married/cohabiting households with or without children, higher food insecurity rates were reported when the respondent was female and neither respondent characteristics nor socio-economic factors accounted for the differences.ConclusionsHigher rates of food insecurity in non-married households in Canada are largely attributable to women's socio-economic disadvantage. In married households, women appear to report higher levels of food insecurity than men. These findings suggest a possible bias in the measurement of population-level household food insecurity in surveys that do not account for the sex of the respondent in married/cohabiting households.
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Mustapa, Wan, Abdullah Al Mamun, and Mohamed Ibrahim. "The Effect of Economic Vulnerability on the Participation in Development Programs and the Socio-Economic Well-Being of Low-Income Households." Societies 8, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc8030060.
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This study intends to examine the effect of economic vulnerability on participation in development initiatives, household income, micro-enterprise income and net worth of micro-enterprise asset among low-income households in the state of Kelantan, Malaysia. Adopting a cross-sectional design, this study collected data from randomly selected 450 micro-entrepreneurs who were being served by three major development organizations in Kelantan, Malaysia. The findings revealed that the level of economic vulnerability among the respondents had a significantly negative effect on the participation of development initiatives, household income, micro-enterprise income and the net worth of microenterprise asset among the low-income Kelantanese households. This study provided insights for a comprehensive policy formulation for rural development as it identified program participation issues and gaps faced by the targeted cohort, which if effectively addressed can lead to an increase in participation in development programs, together with household and micro-enterprise income and assets, among the low-income economically vulnerable households in Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Saviour Lusaya and Namoonga Mulunda. "Factors determining household savings in Zambia: A logit regression model from the micro-economic perspective." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0007.
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Although not directly linked in time and space, the low savings in an economy will pose a huge challenge on the growth prospect of the country as both private and public savings remain catalytic to economic growth. The classical and neo-classical growth theories have placed emphasis on the critical role of savings in the economy and indeed the need for high savings cannot be overemphasised. This study sought to examine microeconomic determinants of household savings in Zambia using cross sectional data obtained from the Central Statistics Office 2015 Living Condition Monitoring Survey comprising 12251 households. The study conducted an analysis of factors using a Logistic regression model. The results of the study found that income and employment status of the households had a positive and significant influence on the probability of a household to save. On the other hand, household size, age and region (living in urban areas) negatively influenced household savings and was significant at all critical levels. The marginal effects which measures the magnitude of the impact of the independent variable on the independent variable was analyzed and it was found that for income ceteris paribus, a 1% increase in income was found to increase the probability of a household to save by 0.01percentage point while an improvement in employment of household heads increases the probability of a household to save by5.6 percentage point ceteris paribus. Furthermore, ceteris paribus, an additional year of the household head age reduces the likelihood to save by 1.4 percentage point. On the basis of household size, the study found that ceteris paribus, adding an extra person to a given household reduces the likelihood of a household to save by 1.14 percentage point. For the region variable, the study used rural region as a benchmark region to distinguish between urban and rural household propensity to save. It was found that households that were located in urban areas were 9.8% less likely to save compared to households located in rural areas. Given the findings above, it was concluded that low levels of savings in Zambia are attributed to; low household incomes, overgrowing informal sector and overpopulated households. It was recommended that the government should increase its funding towards economic empowerment to boost job creation which would enhance household income and reduce over dependency of household members.
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Kamo, Yoshinori. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family Households." Sociological Perspectives 43, no. 2 (June 2000): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389794.
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Prevalence of extended family households and factors associated with them are examined for non-Hispanic whites, African Americans, Asians, and Hispanics using data from the 1990 U.S. Census. Nuclear family households and three distinct types of extended family households (upward, downward, and horizontal) are identified, and racial/ethnic differences in the distribution of these types are noted. I contend that household extensions occur as a result of a combination of economic, demographic, and cultural factors. To examine economic aspects of household extension, I first examine income distributions across various household types. Then, using multinomial logistic regression, I identify economic, demographic, and cultural factors related to the three different types of extended family households. Even after racial/ethnic differences in demographic and economic variables are accounted for, preferences for downward extension among African Americans, upward extension among Asians, and horizontal extension among Hispanics still remain, suggesting an independent effect of racial/ethnic culture regarding household extension.
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Dhungana, Ananta Raj, and Dipendra Pandit. "Socio - Economic Impact of Remittance on Households in Lekhnath Municipality, Kaski, Nepal." Economic Literature 12 (May 10, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/el.v12i0.14886.
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<p>The study aims to explore the impact of remittance on social and economic status at households. For this purpose, one hundred and forty seven households having migrant family member (at least one) were selected in Lekhnath Municipality of Kaski District, Nepal. The information was collected via interview by using structured interview schedule. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were carried out to analyze the impact of remittance. Paired t-test was carried out to see the economic change before and after the remittance received. The impact of remittances on both economic status and the social status of the sampled households is remarkable. The perceived status of the household in the past migration period is better than that in the pre-migration period. Yearly remittance in a household is significantly associated with other socio-economic variables. So, overseas remittance has brought a qualitative change in children’s education and health status. An improvement in the economic status of migrant households, the involvement of the household in community development activities, and participation of the household in social organization have brought a positive change in the overall socio-economic status of the migrant households.</p><p>Economic Literature Vol.12 2014: 39-49</p>
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Devi, Bisla, and Thiagu Ranganathan. "Emerging Challenges in Rural Non-Farm Sector and Inequality in Rural India." Finance & Economics Review 3, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/finance-economics-review.v3i1.303.
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Purpose: This paper highlights the changing patterns of income diversification and the effects of various socio-economic factors influencing the non-farm (NF) income of rural households in India. The study also explores the inequality effects of the non-farm earnings of the households by using the Fields inequality decomposition.
Method: The study compares and evaluates the determinants and trends of inequality in 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 in the NF sector. It uses nationally representative data from two rounds of the Indian Household Development Survey (IHDS), which includes a panel of 36,278 households at all levels in India. The Censored Least Absolute Deviation (CLAD) model is used to estimate household determinants for non-farm income. The Fields decomposition decomposes total income inequality by considering the socio-economic factors.
Results: The study finds that variations in non-farm earnings have increased. Field's Income Inequality Decomposition estimates show that income inequalities between households are significantly high due to factors such as education, level of the household head, land ownership, and population density, but also appear to be declining in 2011-12. Also, the earning gaps based on gender, age, and geographical zones have increased.
Implications: Overall, the non-farm income during the studied period was observed to be biased towards the better-off households. However, it opened up opportunities for underprivileged households as well. The non-farm sector has huge potential in augmenting incomes for unprivileged rural households. Therefore, the government should pay attention to this sector as a means of reducing income inequality and alleviating poverty.
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Vidová, Jarmila, and Peter Sika. "Globalization processes and their effects on the household economy." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 05028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219205028.
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Research background: Globalization influences the behavior of all economic actors. The aim of the presented scientific article is to examine households and household economics, which is affected by current social and innovative changes. The role of households is very important in any economy, they support economic growth with their expenditures, and it depends not only on the growth rate of household consumption, but also on the large share of income of household expenditures. Purpose of the article: The authors in the scientific article will examine households and their decision-making processes, which mainly concern consumption, taking into account income, expenditure, structure, savings, indebtedness and income stratification in the context of maintaining the required quality of life. Methods: To meet the goal, we will use available data, we will use statistical methods to analyze, compare with each other and, based on the findings, propose the necessary measures. Findings & Value added: Globalization processes are part of us and must be accepted in order for households to be able to meet their needs. As their income in particular becomes important, it will be necessary to decide which group of expenditures the household will prefer in order to achieve them. So far, according to statistical data, a very low part of household expenditures went to education, although it is the higher educational level of household members that presupposes that the household will be able to adapt to the challenges of globalization.
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Ahvenniemi, Hannele, and Tarja Häkkinen. "Households’ potential to decrease their environmental impacts." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the potential levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) and cost savings from a set of households’ energy saving measures, considered as “everyday choices”. Design/methodology/approach Four areas of living were selected for the study: household electricity, space heating, transport and food consumption. The study used a quantitative research approach in which the impact of selected scenarios of an average Finnish household was assessed. Findings Findings suggest that GHG savings from behavioural change regarding household electricity remain marginal in comparison to savings gained from transportation related measures. Transportation also provides the most cost-efficient ways to decrease GHGs but not in all cases. Based on the results, the authors suggest that smart technologies, such as on-line, active feedback systems could have a major role in guiding household energy use. Also, given the high GHG savings from transport, the authors highlight the importance of providing infrastructure and services for clean mobility, and in designing well-functioning and compact cities enabling shorter travels. Originality/value The aim of our study was twofold – by analysing the case household’s choices, we obtained information on environmental and economic impacts, but in addition to this, the aim was to open discussion on the role of households in tackling climate change and how to support households in making sustainable choices. Although research regarding household energy behaviour is vast, so far very few studies have focused on both economic and environmental impacts of households’ everyday actions.
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Duffy, Lauren N., Garrett Stone, H. Charles Chancellor, and Carol S. Kline. "Tourism development in the Dominican Republic: An examination of the economic impact to coastal households." Tourism and Hospitality Research 16, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415613118.
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Coastal tourism projects are promoted in the Dominican Republic as national-level economic development initiatives that will create jobs for local residents, subsequently benefiting the households in these communities. However, the economic benefits of tourism can be severely weakened as a result of the neoliberal economic policies that guide such projects. Like other economically developing countries—particularly small island nations—the Dominican Republic embraced neoliberal policies that have ultimately reshaped the country’s economic, political, cultural, and physical landscape. As a result, transnational companies, foreign investors, and large-scale enclave tourism projects are the dominant form of tourism development in the Dominican Republic. Though companies’ revenue and profit data are not available for analysis of economic leakage, households can be investigated to understand the level of economic benefits obtained by residents of the local communities. Toward this end, 360 household surveys were collected to examine household income and material assets across 12 coastal communities in three regions of the Dominican Republic. Because of the noted differences in previous development literature, gender of the head of households and whether the household was dependent on income from tourism employment were compared across these measures after adjusting for regional differences. Results indicate that the gender of the head of the household and tourism dependency positively predicted household income, while only gender of the head of the household predicted material assets.
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Setyari, Ni Putu Wiwin, A. A. Bagus Putu Widanta, and Ida Bagus Putu Purbadharmaja. "Women’s Control Over Economic Resources Effect to Family Welfare." JEJAK 11, no. 2 (September 10, 2018): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v11i2.16051.
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Within the framework of neo-classical analysis, each individual is assumed homogeneous. However, homogeneity assumption becomes incompatible when discussing human behavior. Latest literatures conclude that men and women allocated resources under their control in different ways systematically. This study was intended to see whether there is an increase in the household’s welfare if the head of household is a women and granted credit access to financial institutions. Women’s access to all financial services, is essential to allow them to benefit fully from economic opportunities. The data used came from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for two last waves (IFLS 2007 and 2014). Analyses were performed using fixed effect model to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity, especially in terms of the individual character. The results indicated that the credit received by the female head of households can significantly increase household income. These results support the policy of increasing women empowerment in order to improve family welfare.
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Schröder, Carsten, Johannes König, Alexandra Fedorets, Jan Goebel, Markus M. Grabka, Holger Lüthen, Maria Metzing, Felicitas Schikora, and Stefan Liebig. "The economic research potentials of the German Socio-Economic Panel study." German Economic Review 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 335–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-2020-0033.
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AbstractWe provide a concise introduction to a household-panel data infrastructure that provides the international research community with longitudinal data of private households in Germany since 1984: the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). We demonstrate the comparative strength of the SOEP data in answering economically-relevant questions by highlighting its diverse and impactful applications throughout the field.
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Chua, Nina Ellorah A., Shaira Kasey L. Kiong, Kristine Honey M. Villa, and Ronald B. Paguta. "A Tobit Analysis of the Determinants and Potentials of Savings in the Case of Payatas Households." Information Management and Business Review 8, no. 3 (July 31, 2016): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v8i3.1331.
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This case study aims to identify the factors affecting household savings in the Area B of Payatas, Quezon City. Particularly, the variables included in the analysis are economic expectations, homeownership, household consumption, household debt, household disposable income, and number of dependents in the household. This paper also aims to analyze the saving potentials of households in Payatas. A total of 422 conditionally and randomly selected households were interviewed through a guided survey questionnaire. The researchers utilized Tobit regression and computed for the conditional marginal effects for both the censored and truncated sample. The results of the study were divided into three: Tobit regression results, conditional marginal effects results on all respondents, and the conditional marginal effects results on household savers. Significant variables such as economic expectations and household disposable income were found to be positively related to household savings, and household consumption was negatively related to household savings. This case study shows that Payatas B households do have saving potentials irrespective of their low income showing high request for accessibility on formal saving institutions.
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Wu, Weixing, and Jing Zhao. "Economic policy uncertainty and household consumption: Evidence from Chinese households." Journal of Asian Economics 79 (April 2022): 101436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2021.101436.
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Abid, Abidullah, and Muhammad Hakimi Mohd Shafiai. "Determinants of household financial vulnerability in Malaysia and its effect on low-income groups." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v6i1.8772.
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Household financial vulnerability is an important area of research in household economic studies. Hence, a number of studies have attempted to identify the factors that make households vulnerable to financial shocks. In Malaysia, the research is scant on this topic especially when it comes to low-income households. Therefore, the study aims to identify the macroeconomic factors that make the household vulnerable to financial shocks. For this purpose, the study uses the autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach as an estimation technique. The results revealed that household debt, prices of goods, interest rate and unemployment have a positive long-run relationship with household financial vulnerability while income has a negative relationship. Further analysis confirms that these predictors of financial vulnerability also affect the low-income groups. This study would be of interest to the academicians and policy makers in the area of household economics.
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Justino, Patricia. "Poverty and Violent Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective on the Causes and Duration of Warfare." Journal of Peace Research 46, no. 3 (May 2009): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343309102655.
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This article discusses how endogenous mechanisms linking processes of violent conflict and the economic well-being of individuals and households in combat areas provide valuable micro foundations to the ongoing debate on the causes and duration of armed conflict. Notably, the endogenous relationship between conflict processes and household economic status leads to the emergence of symbiotic associations between armed groups and households living in areas they control that affect substantially the probability of a conflict starting and its effectiveness thereafter. Households in conflict areas draw on local armed groups to protect their economic status when anticipating violence and during the conflict, while armed groups make use of different levels of (either reluctant or voluntary) participation, support and cooperation from local populations to advance their strategic objectives at the onset and throughout the conflict. The level of household participation at the start and during the conflict is a function of two interdependent variables, namely household vulnerability to poverty and household vulnerability to violence. The poorer the household is at the start of the conflict, the higher is the probability of the household participating and supporting an armed group. The higher the risk of violence, the higher is the probability of the household participating and supporting armed groups. The interaction between these two variables varies with the conflict itself and is defined by the direct and indirect effects of conflict-induced violence on the economic behaviour and decisions of households in combat areas.
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Babovic, Marija, and Slobodan Cvejic. "Survival strategies of Serbian households." Sociologija 44, no. 2 (2002): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0202097b.
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Concept of household strategies was firstly used in poverty surveys in Africa and Latin America, and lately developed in economic changes surveys in Western developed societies. Connecting the structure and action, macro and micro level of analysis and focusing on households, rather than individual as basic unit of analysis, the concept opened possibilities for better understanding of household economic behavior during social and economic changes. New developments concept experienced in numerous surveys in post-socialist as well as 'post-fordists' societies. The economic household strategies surveys were conducted in Serbia in two waves - in summer of 2000. and autumn of 2002. Comparative analysis of results has not show significant changes in socio-economic position of households. However, changes were evident in the field of action (economic strategies of households and individuals). Decreasing of passive and defensive strategies and increasing of pro-active, particularly working strategies were significant trends from survey.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Mohd Asrul Hery Bin Ibrahim, Rajennd Muniady, Mohammad Bin Ismail, Noorshella Binti Che Nawi, and Noorul Azwin Binti Md Nasir. "Development programs, household income and economic vulnerability." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 14, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-01-2018-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the socio-economic condition of low-income households in Malaysia, many products and services are available, including access to working capital and enterprise development training programs. This study examined the impact of access to working capital and micro-enterprise development training programs on household income and economic vulnerability among participants of development initiatives in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) in Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a cross-sectional design, the authors collected data randomly from the selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (national poverty data bank) located in four states of Peninsular Malaysia. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews with the respondents from October to November 2017. Findings Both the length of participation and total amount of economic loan were found to increase the household income. However, there was no positive and significant impact of total number of training hours on household income. Interestingly, length of participation was found to reduce the level of economic vulnerability, except total amount of economic loan, and total number of training hours. Originality/value Despite the overwhelming empirical evidence, the findings indicated that the impact of enterprise development training programs was inconclusive. The effect of total amount of loan on economic vulnerability was also inconclusive. Hence, both policy makers and development organizations should understand how their programs benefit the poor households that can be improved through new implementation strategies.
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Lakshmanasamy, T. "THE DIFFERENTIAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN INDIA: QUANTILE REGRESSION ESTIMATION." MAN, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY 3, no. 1 (2022): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/mes.2022.v03i01.13.
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Rural electrification not only provides affordable modern energy to rural households at a cheaper price but also improves the quality of life and economic development of the rural sector. The welfare gains of electricity are not the same across households. This paper tries to understand who benefits the most from rural electrification - the poor or the rich rural households. The differential effects of rural electrification on household income and expenditures on health and children’s education are estimated using the 2011-2012 IHDS-II survey data applying the quantile regression method. The estimated results show that household electrification increases both household income and expenditure. The higher-income rural households benefit more than the lower-income households from rural electrification. The upper-income rural households gain more in terms of the education of children relative to poor-income households from rural electrification. Rural electrification benefits are higher for median health expenditure households than either for lower or upper quantile households. The larger benefits from rural electrification accrue to the better-off rural households through higher consumption and use of electricity for many productive uses and electrification benefits accrue from multiple channels.
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Василь Порохня and Роман Іванов. "МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ НА ОСНОВІ САМООРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ЇХ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СТРУКТУР." World Science 1, no. 8(36) (August 30, 2018): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30082018/6054.
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The study considers some aspects of the formation and regulation of household economic behavior. It is shown that innovation-intellectual behavior is the main factor of self-organization of a household's activity. The conceptual approach to the definition of the structure of the logistic behavior of the household and the modeling of their self-organization is proposed.The theoretical basis of the proposed concept of modeling the economic behavior of households on the basis of the self-organization of their logistic structures should be a synergistic approach to the management and construction of mechanisms that can provide efficient functioning, sustainable development and economic security. A formal model can be represented as a system of divertial equations. The detailed structure of management of economic behavior of a household can be described by the tuple of parameters describing the set of elements of the system, the set of vectors of properties of elements of the system, the set of links between elements, the purpose and structure of the goals, the external environment.
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Keesstra, Saskia, Tamara Metze, Linda Ofori, Marleen Buizer, and Saskia Visser. "What Does the Circular Household of the Future Look Like? An Expert-Based Exploration." Land 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071062.
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Circularity is a necessity for the future of our society but individual households often find it difficult to contribute to this transition. This paper presents possible future visions of circular (and climate-neutral) households, inside and outside the house, regarding their contributions to the circular society, and taking into account food, energy, waste, household devices, and recreation. We combined expert interviews and a literature review to (1) explore imaginable futures for circular households, and (2) make a qualitative evaluation of the inside- and outside-house influences of households on a climate-neutral and circular society. Interviewees were selected to represent different scientific backgrounds. The four household types were organized according to more local or global, and collective or individual, levels: (1) the Househood (centering around neighborhoods); (2) the HouseNet (connecting households); (3) the Sharing Household (sharing goods between households); and (4) the Designing Household (input from circular-by-design products). The analysis shows that households can become more circular by connecting developments in social, ecological, and technological systems, such as those in price dynamics, policies, or land-use design. However, barriers and limitations need attention, including: (1) public awareness and willingness to change; (2) economic models; (3) waste; and (4) social justice.
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Yanovich, P. "VALUES AND PREFERENCES IN HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR: REFLECTION IN ECONOMIC CONCEPTS." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 9 (June 27, 2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2019-9-63-70.
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The article deals with the approach to the issue of rationality of behavior and the ways to define a household in the neoclassical direction, in the neo-Austrian school, behavioral and experimental economy. The definitions of households as agents that maximize their benefits, as the result of maximizing the utility of individual members, as well as maximizing the overall utility for the common good are given. Rationality is considered in terms of the individual behavior of different household units and in terms of the whole household.
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Azwardi, Azwardi, Hayu Faldun Widyasthika, Rosmiyati Chodijah Saleh, and Nazeli Adnan. "Household Food Security: Evidence From South Sumatera." JEJAK 12, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i2.20264.
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This study aims to determine the phenomenon of food security in South Sumatra Province. Food security is calculated using Shortfall/Surplus Index and Head Count Ratio. Binary Logistic Regression method is used to determine factors affecting food security. This study obtains data from National Socio-Economic Survey on March 2017 regarding average number of calories consumed by household per day, socio-economic characteristics of household, and household heads in South Sumatra. The Survey used total sample of 9,752 households consisting of 3,099 urban households and 6,653 rural households. The results of the study shows that using 2,100 kcal standard limit, most of districts in South Sumatra have entered safe food security limit. However, they have not entered safe food security limit using 2,500 kcal standard limit. Factors that affect household food insecurity in South Sumatra Province are caused by the number of household members and the education of household heads.
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Adhikari, Krisnagopal. "Contribution of Remittance on Economic status of Dharan - 6, Panbari." Pragyajyoti 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pj.v4i1.44820.
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The study aims to explore the Contribution of remittance on economic progress of Dharan -6, Panmari. For this purpose, Twenty-five households having immigrant family members were selected in Dharan -6, Panmari. The information was collected through interview by using structured interview by using structured interviewed schedule. Descriptive statistics is carried out to analyze the Contribution of remittance on economic status of the sampled household in the past-migration period is better than that in the pre-migration period. In the study area, remittance is a main source of income. So, it has brought a qualitative change in economic status of migrant household. An improvement in the economic status of migrant household, the involvement of the household in community development activities and participation in social organization have brought a positive change in the overall socio economic status of the migrant household.
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Chirva, Olga, Anna Chirva, and Natalia Malyarchuk. "FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-5-213-220.
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The subject of the research is the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Methodology. The study used the following general scientific methods: theoretical generalization; methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Results. The purpose of the article is the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Analysis of the socio-economic status of households in Ukraine showed that the average monthly total income of one household in 2020 was 12248 UAH. Minor disproportions are observed because the urban household received on average 12620 UAH per month, while the rural household received 11470 UAH per month. It was determined that on average per one person in a household (hereinafter people) the equivalent aggregate income (hereinafter income) was 5832 UAH per month, in urban households – 6096 UAH, in rural households – 5286 UAH. It was proved that the level of average monthly income per person was 2.8 times higher than the established subsistence minimum (2078 UAH). It was found that the main source of income in households with one child was income from work (77%), and in households with three or more children the share of this income was 1.2 times lower. The socio-economic condition of Ukrainian households is analyzed. The structure of total resources of all households is examined The structure of total household expenditures is also analyzed. The distribution of users of Internet services by purpose is studied. The formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine in terms of sustainable development is carried out. It is proved that the mechanism of formation and development of socio-economic systems can be characterized as a mutually agreed system of legal and methodological support, based on the basic principles of territorial systems (sustainability, multilevel, partnership, dynamism, focus on local needs, public participation) and aimed at ensuring the welfare of the community, the well-being of residents and increasing the competitiveness of the territorial system, by developing appropriate tools.
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Anaman, Kwabena Asomanin, and Kinsley Delanyo Adjei. "Income Diversification and Economic Welfare of Rural Households in the Volta Region of Ghana." Research in World Economy 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n1p120.
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We established the factors influencing income diversification, and the linkage between income diversification and economic welfare of rural households, in the Volta Region of Ghana, using data from 894 randomly-selected households, obtained through the latest round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey undertaken by the Ghana Statistical Service from October 2016 to October 2017. The overall household income diversification, measured by the Simpson Index was positively influenced by the age of the household head, remittances received by the household, and the size of the household. Using another measure of diversification, the number of income-based activities (NIBA), we established that the age of the household head influenced NIBA in a cubic fashion, similar to an S-shaped curve. Income diversification declined at very young ages from 17 to 31 years; it then increased from 31 years to 74 years before declining during the household head’s advanced age and retirement period. The positive drivers of NIBA included moderate levels of formal educational attainment, remittance, household size and electricity connection. We showed that income diversification influenced economic welfare only when used at moderate to high levels.
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Bomela, Nolunkcwe. "Child Nutritional Status and Household Patterns in South Africa." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 16 (September 19, 2007): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.16.2140.
Full textAbstract:
About 25% of all children under 5 years in South Africa are severely malnourished. The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effect of person-related and household characteristics on nutritional status of children <5years old in South Africa before 1994 realization of democracy. A secondary analysis of 4 027 children under 5 years from the 1993 Living Standards and Measurement Survey (LSMS) conducted by the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU) in South Africa was performed. Only children with plausible Z-scores (n = 4 027) were selected for subsequent analyses. The influence of person-related and household related characteristics on the nutritional status of children were assessed, taking into account variables such as, gender of household head, de jure and de facto household head, relationship of child to household head, size of household, type of toilet facility and type of dwelling. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS/PC + ) was used for the analysis. Chronic malnutrition and underweight were significantly pronounced in children from households with de jure household heads (P<0.05). However, chronic malnutrition was markedly prevalent among children from male- headed households. Thus, the presence of the de facto household head and the gender of the head of the household are important in determining nutrition outcomes. Furthermore, children of the head of the household had better nutritional status (P<0.05) than the grandchildren and other children in the household. Both person related and household related variables were significantly associated with malnutrition, but at varied levels. Household expenditure, particularly on the basic needs of life, is the most frequently used measure of socio-economic status in nutritional analysis studies. Expenditure is considered as precisely representing the household’s reserves that influence the health status of its members. In the absence of variables used for measuring household expenditure proxy variables are used. The proxy variables (type of dwelling, household size, water source, and toilet location) for economic status of households seem to influence nutritional status more directly while the person related variables seem to indirectly influence nutritional status.