Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Household economic'
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Padula, Mario. "Household investment behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252203.
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Samuda, Karelle. "Household economic resources, household structure and secondary schooling in Jamaica." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3709.
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Moffatt, Peter Grant. "Microeconometric models of household purchasing behaviour." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307355.
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Caceres-Delpiano, Julio F. "Testing economic models of household resource allocation." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2905.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Mitchell, Steven. "Behavioural economic opportunities to increase household saving." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75265.
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Research has found many positive attributes to individual financial saving, from both a macroeconomic and individual perspective. Yet inadequate saving remains a global issue, particularly in emerging markets such as South Africa. Through thirty-one, semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study sought to better understand the financial decision-making and saving behaviour in South Africa. These findings were used to determine whether the success of the United States’ behavioural economic-based ‘Save More Tomorrow’ program would have the same positive effect on the saving rate in South Africa.
By developing the research instrument through behavioural economic theory, the study established that the participants’ behaviour corresponded with the irrationalities and biases theorised in behavioural economics. In some cases even to a heightened extent as a result of the participants’ low financial literacy and difficult circumstances. This created and compounded constraints and limitations on the participants, making it exceptionally difficult to adequately save. These insights informed a framework that advocated that the ‘Save More Tomorrow’ programme would positively affect South African individuals’ saving behaviour. Moreover, pre-defined withdrawal terms and peer-based saving were identified as two additional design elements which would further minimise irrationalities and bias whilst leveraging existing local saving behaviour.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Liao, Qun. "Household consumption in urban China during transition : model and evidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264884.
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Gørtz, Mette. "Leisure, household production, consumption and economic well-being /." Copenhagen, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/513745483.pdf.
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Baichen, Jiang. "Rural household food demand : a microeconomic analysis of Jilia Province, China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391119.
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LIPPO, ENRICO. "Essays on Poverty Dynamics and Household Perceived Financial Hardship." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/198956.
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Nella mia tesi analizzo le tematiche della povertà e della percezione delle difficoltà finanziarie da parte delle famiglie. Nel primo capitolo, studio la povertà da un punto di vista dinamico, analizzando le determinanti dell’entrata e della permanenza in stato di povertà. Particolare enfasi è dedicata al concetto di dipendenza da stato. La persistenza in stato di povertà (la circostanza di trovarsi in stato di povertà per periodi consecutivi) potrebbe essere causata da differenze, osservabili o non osservabili, fra gli individui (eterogeneità) o dall’effetto casuale della povertà passata su quella presente (dipendenza dallo stato genuina). Al fine di decomporre questi due effetti, la letteratura ha sviluppato apposite tecniche econometriche. Inoltre, la stima dell’ammontare della dipendenza da stato genuina ha importanti implicazioni di politica economica. Se gli individui permangono in stato di povertà principalmente a causa del fatto di esser stati poveri in passato, le misure di politica economica dovrebbero focalizzarsi su politiche di supporto al reddito che spezzino la trappola della povertà. D’altra parte, se la persistenza è spiegata principalmente dall’ eterogeneità degli individui, gli interventi dovrebbero focalizzarsi su quelle caratteristiche che proteggono dalle avversità economiche. I dati utilizzati in questo primo capitolo sono quelli dell’Indagine sui Bilanci delle Famiglie Italiane della Banca d’ Italia e coprono l’arco temporale che va dal 1998 al 2014. La strategia econometrica adottata è riconducibile alla famiglia dei modelli markoviani di primo ordine, in particolare, viene stimato un modello probit bivariato con switching endogeno, che permette di tenere in considerazione il problema delle condizioni iniziali utilizzando il livello di istruzione dei genitori come strumento. Per validare i miei risultati, prendo in considerazione anche l’ipotesi di abbandono dell’indagine da parte degli individui in maniera non casuale, stimando un probit trivariato con switching endogeno e utilizzando il clima generale dell’intervista come strumento. Uno dei principali risultati del mio capitolo è che più del 60% della probabilità di essere poveri in un determinato periodo dipende in maniera causale dalla condizione di essersi trovati in stato di povertà in passato. Un risultato, questo, in linea con la precedente letteratura.
Nel secondo capitolo analizzo l’effetto causale che la politica fiscale ha sulla percezione delle famiglie circa la propria situazione economica. Per farlo, analizzo un bonus fiscale per lavoratori dipendenti introdotto in Italia nel 2014 e dati dell’Indagine sui Bilanci delle Famiglie della Banca d’Italia. Come variabile dipendente utilizzo la capacità percepita dalle famiglie di arrivare alla fine del mese misurata da un’apposita domanda del questionario. La mia analisi utilizza la metodologia del difference- in – differences (DD) e mostra l’esistenza di un impatto causale della politica fiscale sulla percezione degli individui. In particolare, l’effetto causale del bonus è stato di aver diminuito dal 5% al 7% la probabilità per le famiglie di sentirsi in difficoltà economiche.In my thesis I investigate the themes of poverty dynamics and household perceived financial hardship. In the first chapter, I study poverty in Italy from a dynamic perspective, investigating the determinants of poverty entry and poverty persistence. A special emphasis is dedicated to the issue of state dependence. Persistence in poverty status (i.e. the fact that an individual is found in poverty status for consecutive periods) may be due to observed or unobserved differences among individuals (heterogeneity) or to the causal effect of past poverty on current poverty. To decompose these two effects econometric techniques have been developed by the previous economic literature. Moreover, estimating the magnitude of poverty genuine state dependence has important policy implications. If individuals remain in poverty mainly because they have experienced poverty in the past, policies should focus on income transfers that break the poverty trap. On the other hand, if persistence is explained mainly by individual heterogeneity, policies should focus on those characteristics that protect against economic hardship. Data used are those from nine consecutive waves of the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), running from 1998 to 2014. My econometric strategy relies on a first order Markov model. In particular, I estimate a bivariate endogenous switching probit model, controlling for the initial condition problem and using parental background as exclusion restrictions. To validate my results, I also take into account non-random panel attrition, estimating a trivariate probit model with endogenous switching and using the general climate of the interview as instrument. One of the main findings of my work is that more than the 60% of the probability of being poor in a given period is caused by the fact of having experienced poverty in the past, a result in line with previous literature. In the second chapter I investigate the causal effect of fiscal policy on perception of households regarding their own economic situation. To do this, I examine a national massive tax rebate for employees introduced in Italy in 2014 and data from the Bank of Italy-Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW). As my dependent variable I exploit individual self-assessed ability to make ends meet, measured through a specific survey question. My analysis relies on a difference-in-differences (DD) methodology and shows that a causal impact of the policy on individuals perception do exist. I found that household who received the tax bonus experienced a decrease in the probability of perceive financial hardship from 7% to 5% according to the econometric specification used.
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Mohammed, Ahmed. "Household viability and the informal sector : the case of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357124.
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León, Federico. "South latitude and household economic control by Peruvian women." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102309.
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Southern women’s greater autonomy versus northern women’s more traditional submission to the husband were hypothesized in 1984 to explain variations in Peruvian women’s fertility desires. An analysis of data from Peru 2004-2008 Continuous Demographic and Family Health Survey supports this hypothesis by showing a significant north-to-south growth of women’s control upon husband’s income and, less consistently, household purchasing decisions. These relationships are not explained by variables also correlated with meridionality, such as aboriginal ethnicity, women’s material/informational power, age difference with the husband’s, or working for cash. Findings suggest new hypotheses, concerning the distribution of assertiveness and warmth in the Peruvian territory.Mayor autonomía de la mujer sureña versus mayor sometimiento tradicional al marido por la norteña fueron conjeturados en 1984 para explicar variaciones en el deseo fecundatorio de las mujeres peruanas. Un análisis de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar Continua Perú 2004-2008 apoya esta hipótesis al revelar un crecimiento significativo de norte a sur del control de la mujer sobre el ingreso del cónyuge y, menos consistentemente, las decisiones adquisitivas hogareñas. Estas relaciones no son explicadas por variables correlacionadas, como la etnicidad indígena, poder material/informacional de la mujer, diferencia de edad con el marido, o que trabaje por dinero. Los hallazgos sugieren nuevas hipótesis, sobre la distribución de la asertividad y la calidez en el territorio peruano.
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Serov, Ilya. "Three Essays on Household Debt and Aggregate Economic Activity." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23513.
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This thesis investigates the relationships between household balance sheets, credit conditions and aggregate economic activity. It is motivated by the increasing importance, both theoretically and in policy formulation, of better understanding the extent to which high household debt burdens represent a macroeconomic vulnerability. The thesis presents empirical evidence on three related research questions in an Australian context. First, it analyses Australian household survey data and examines the relationship between household debt and consumption expenditures. It concludes that the relationship is broadly negative, implying that highly indebted households reduce their spending in subsequent periods. It also concludes that there are significant heterogeneities in the effects of household leverage on consumptions, both in terms of heterogenous effects of high debt burdens, and among different population groups. Secondly, the thesis evaluates the impact of shifting credit conditions on the way Australian households shape their balance sheets. It utilises both survey data and data based on independent expert judgment as a measure of prevalent credit conditions to find strong evidence that Australian households tend to move their balance sheets towards an ‘optimum’ debt- and liquid asset- ratio level. In addition, evidence is uncovered that changes to household liquid asset holdings are negatively correlated with the degree of development of mortgage markets, suggesting that in a more developed institutional setting, households tend to hold lower levels of liquid assets. Thirdly, the thesis includes an investigation of the relative importance of credit conditions and consumer beliefs in explaining fluctuations in the housing market. Employing a non-linear interacted VAR model, it shows that shifts in consumer beliefs about the housing market have asymmetric effects: the effects are much stronger during time of tight credit availability. The thesis sheds additional light on recent theoretical debates regarding the relative importance of household debt, consumer beliefs and credit conditions.
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Karner, Paul Edward. "Family networks and household outcomes in an economic crisis." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/32884.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityThis thesis theoretically and empirically analyzes the nature and consequences of interactions between family members. The first chapter tests whether children's human capital accumulation was significantly affected by earnings shocks to their nonresident kin in the context of the 1997-8 financial crisis in Indonesia. The crisis produced sudden, heterogeneous shocks that facilitate the construction of an exogenous measure of earnings changes. Results indicate that earnings shocks to nonresident kin - including extended family and relatives living in other districts- significantly affected children's human capital accumulation between 1997 and 2000, and ultimate educational attainment measured nearly a decade after the crisis hit. Supplementary results point to intra-family transfers, underpinned by ex post altruism, as an important channel of causation. The second chapter develops a theoretical model of private transfers underpinned by ex post altruism among members of a network. I use this model to analyze equilibrium transfer patterns and inequality under alternative income distributions and network structures. I demonstrate the general intuition that transfers obtain in equilibrium when the amount of altruism is sufficiently strong relative to income inequality. Within the networks that I analyze, every equilibrium involving transfers takes the same form: unique income thresholds separate senders from receivers. Effective risk sharing takes place among senders and receivers, while those at intermediate incomes remain in autarky. Every equilibrium gives rise to the same set of allocations. I contrast these predictions with insurance-based theories of transfers in which risk sharing is operative for small in come differences and may fall apart at large income differences. The third chapter uses longitudinal data spanning nearly fifteen years to test whether transfers among family members within Indonesia are consistent with ex post altruism, against the alternative of insurance. I use the predicted effects of permanent versus transitory income on transfers, as well as theoretical predictions from the second chapter regarding the shape of transfer functions , to carry out this test. The results provide some evidence that transfer motives are inconsistent with insurance but consistent with ex post altruism.
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Kondeh, Sahr M'Gbenbo. "The determinants of household consumption expenditure patterns in Sierra Leone : an empirical investigation." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336839.
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Ali, Farman. "Models of household behaviour in subsistence agriculture : a case study of NMFP in Pakistan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306094.
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Masa-ud, Abdul Gafar Abubakar. "Crowding-out Of Household Expenditure By Tobacco In Ghana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31620.
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This paper examines whether other expenditure in Ghanaian households is crowded out by expenditure on tobacco over the period under study (2005/2006 and 2012/2013) and whether the magnitude of crowding-out over the period has been changed by the introduction of the tobacco control law in July, 2012. The paper uses household survey data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey in the years 2005/2006 and 2012/2013. A system of quadratic conditional Engel curves was estimated for a set of eleven groups of commodities for both periods. The results show a crowding-out of food, alcohol, clothing and transport and a crowding-in of furnishings, health and communication expenditure by tobacco. The magnitude of crowding-in and crowding-out declined over the period under study. The tobacco control law of 2012 was positively associated with a reduction in the prevalence rate of tobacco use among households, and a reduction in household budget share allocation to tobacco.
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Zhang, Linxiu. "The Chinese farm household system : economic analysis and policy perspective." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283670.
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Finn, Arden. "Economic mobility in South Africa: evidence from household survey data." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26903.
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High levels of inequality, poverty and unemployment are some of the most substantial challenges facing post-apartheid South Africa. Most of the research addressing these questions has used micro datasets to compare snapshots of welfare over time. Although these studies are both interesting and useful, they have been unable to extend their analysis into a nationally-representative dynamic setting, due to the lack of available data. The paucity of large longitudinal datasets has also limited the number of studies of economic mobility, which allows researchers to track the welfare measures of the same individuals over time. This means that while we know a great deal about how South Africans are doing at a particular point in time, we know far less about how they are faring dynamically. Understanding how and why economic mobility happens in South Africa is therefore a question that demands attention. From both a distributive justice as well as a policy point of view, the distinction that arises when we drop the assumption of anonymity and move from a cross-sectional measure of welfare to a dynamic one is important. This is because many of the conclusions about longer-run welfare are dependent on the level of economic mobility present in society. This study contributes to the body of work on welfare in South Africa by addressing three different aspects of economic mobility. The first of these is about how a particular kind of measurement error in household surveys is best detected, and what effect its presence has on the understanding of labour market mobility. The second is about how best to model money-metric poverty dynamics in South Africa in order to better understand who escapes poverty and who enters poverty over time. The third is about how the persistence of intergenerational earnings should be calculated in a society with high unemployment, and what the role of education is in shaping these mobility dynamics.
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Balasuriya, Gunawardana. "An economic analysis of farm household pluriactivity in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU116445.
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Experience in Sri Lanka has shown that agricultural development alone is not capable of significantly improving farm family welfare. Studies conducted elsewhere have shown that when farm households members were pluriactive, they were generally able to enhance their well-being. The objectives of this study are to examine the factors that determine the decisions of farm operators and their wives to be pluriactive in Sri Lanka and assess the effects of farm household pluriactivity on technical efficiency of farming. Off-farm labour supply decisions of farm operators and their wives were explained theoretically, using household production theory. Data collected from 240 farm households, randomly selected from four villagers, were used to test the models. First, determinants of pluriactivity of farm operators and their wives were estimated separately for farm operators and their wives, using both a logit model and a probit model. Second, a bivariate probit model was used to estimate the determinants of pluriactivity of farm operators and their wives together, considering simultaneity of their decisions. Individual, farm and household characteristics influenced mainly farm operators decisions to be pluriactive, whereas individual, household and locational characteristics were more important for wives' decisions. Income from pluriactivity was a major contributor to the well-being of most farm households. However, pluriactive income appears to increase income inequality among farm households. The impact of pluriactivity on technical efficiency of farming was examined by estimating the farm-level technical efficiency of rice production, using the frontier production function technique and then using ANOVA. A positive association was observed between the technical efficiency of rice production and pluriactivity of farm households. Pluriactivity can be seen as a major contributor to household well-being and future strategies to alleviate poverty in rural areas must recognise the potential gains arising from increasing pluriactivity.
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Wasi, Nada. "Essays on household mobility, urban amenities, economic opportunities and costs /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3161970.
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Thirumurthy, Harsha. "Household saving behavior and the real interest rate: an empirical study." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1354811060.
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Khan, Rumman. "Essays in poverty and household analysis in Africa." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45535/.
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This thesis consists of three self-contained chapters on issues relating to the empirics of poverty and household analysis in Africa. The first analyses poverty at the country level, highlighting the diversity of experience in poverty reduction performance over the last few decades and assessing its causes. The other two studies are more methodological in their content, exploring how poverty and related issues can be analysed at the household level using existing survey data that pose difficulties as they do not track the same set of households over time. Chapter 2 highlights the fact that although growth has improved substantially in most African countries in recent years, poverty across the continent has fallen very little in the aggregate. Poverty reduction performance has varied across countries: there are apparently ‘two Africas’, one with an ability to reduce poverty and one without. The main argument is that one reason for this difference is rooted in colonial times. Countries with strong smallholder cash crop sectors emerged into independence with broad-based labour-intensive economies supporting a more equitable income distribution conducive to inclusive growth and poverty reduction compared to initially more inequitable mineral resource and large farm based economies. This did not necessarily determine the post-colonial path: many peasant export economies achieved no poverty reduction (often because of little growth), and some mine/plantation economies did achieve poverty reduction. The key reasons for this evolution lie in the motivation and ability of African elites to form pro-poor coalitions, which in some cases were then able to implement policies supporting a pro-poor pattern of growth. Chapter 3 focuses on pseudo-panel estimation and how it enables the estimation of panel models when only repeated cross-sections rather than panel data are available. It involves the grouping of individual into cohorts and using the cohort means as if they are observations in a genuine panel. The usual assertion is that as long as there are enough individuals within cohorts so that the cohort sample means are a good approximation of the cohort population means then pseudo-panel estimates are consistent, otherwise they may suffer from measurement error bias. We show that there can be substantial bias arising from the grouping process itself due to the loss of variation and heterogeneity as one moves from the individual to the cohort level. Thus we find many of the common methods used for grouping into cohorts produces inconsistent estimates. We develop some measures for assessing whether the cohort level data contains sufficient variation for pseudo-panel estimates to be consistent, focusing on the variation across cohort means, over time and within cohort groups. We then test the measures empirically and with Monte Carlo simulations, providing useful thresholds that can be used to accept or reject the cohort construction method. Chapter 4 assesses four different estimation methods of binary response models with individual effects where the data is a time-series of independent cross-sections. We compare Deaton’s (1985) linear fixed effects estimator, which is most often used in applied work, to three non-linear estimators. The first is a simplified version of Collado’s (1998) Minimum Distance estimator. The other two are based on the fractional response estimators developed by Wooldridge and Papke (2008) which, unlike Collado’s estimator, can be used for dynamic models as well. Results from Monte Carlo simulations and from an empirical application indicate the linear estimator is just as good as the other non-linear estimators and is generally more robust to problems arising from the process of creating the pseudo-panel.
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Ngenzebuke, Rama Lionel. "Essays on Intra-household Decision-making, Gender and Socio-Economic Development." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246695.
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This dissertation comprises four chapters, which mainly deal with female's participation in household decision-making, a very important aspect of female's bargaining power within the household and closely linked to female's empowerment. The first three chapters, which all deal with female's participation in household decision-making, are two sides of the same coin, in that while the first one delves into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, the second and third chapters deal with its beneficial consequences. The fourth chapter is linked with Chapter 1. As a matter of fact, the data used in Chapter 1 has been collected in Rural Burundi, in the framework of the FNRS/FRFC-funded project “Microfinance Services, Intra-household Behavior and Welfare in Developing Countries: A Longitudinal and Experimental Approach”, which funded my PhD scholarship. In 2012, the project funded data collection in Rural Burundi. In respect to the experimental component of the project, these are baseline data. The 2012 household survey targeted a sample of rural households that have been interviewed in 1998 and 2007. This is where the longitudinal design of the project comes into play. Independently from the experimental research, the longitudinal nature of the data, that is to say three waves of data (1998, 2007 and 2012), had the advantage of allowing panel analysis of interesting and relevant issues in development, including for example the long-term welfare effects of shocks at either individual or household levels.In Chapter 1, entitled “The Power of The Family: kinship and Intra-household Decision-making in Rural Burundi” and co-authored with Bram De Rock and Philip Verwimp, we delve into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, by laying a particular emphasis on the role of female's kinship. We show that in rural Burundi the characteristics of the female's kinship are highly correlated with her decision-making power. First, a female whose own immediate family is at least as rich as her husband's counterpart enjoys a greater say over children- and asset-related decision-making. Second, the size, relative wealth and proximity of the extended family also matter. Third, kinship characteristics prove to be more important than (standard) individual and household characteristics. Finally, we also show that the female's say over asset-related decision-making is positively associated with males' education, more than with female's education per se. All these correlation patterns can inform policies aiming at empowering women or targeting children through women's empowerment.In Chapter 2, entitled “The Returns of I Do: Multifaceted Female Decision-making and Agricultural Yields in Tanzania?”, I use the third round of the Tanzanian National Panel Survey to investigate the effect of multifaceted female's empowerment in agriculture on agricultural yields. The classic approach in the empirical literature on gender gap in agriculture includes the gender of the plot's owner/manager as the covariate of interest and interprets the associated coefficient estimate as the gender gap in agricultural productivity. Unlike this classic approach in the analysis of productivity differentials, my approach lays emphasis on the overlapping and interaction effects of manifold aspects of female's empowerment in agriculture, including female plot's ownership, female plot's management and female output's control. I find significant productivity gaps, which the classic empirical approach does not bring out in the same context. As compared to plots (solely) owned, managed and controlled by male, (i) plots merely owned by female and (ii) those owned & managed (but not controlled) by female are less productive, but those owned, managed & controlled by female are not. Furthermore, the latter are the more productive among plots at least owned by female. All these productivity gaps are predominantly explained by the structural effect, that is differences in productivity returns to observable production factors. Our findings are robust along a number of dimensions and suggest that female's management and control rights are of prime importance. Therefore, female plot's owners should be entitled the rights to manage their plot and, subsequently and most importantly, the rights to control the (agricultural) output of their work, for their productivity to be enhanced and the gender gap in agriculture to be closed. In Chapter 3, entitled “Say On Income and Children's Outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria”, I delve into the effect of female bargaining power on child education and labor outcomes in Nigeria. Female bargaining power is proxied by “female say on labor income”, rather than by her income per se. This is motivated by the fact the female labor force participation might be low in some contexts, while control over income is by all means what matters the most. The empirical methodology accounts for a number of empirical issues, including endogeneity and sample selection issues of female say on labor income, the multi-equation and mixed process features of the child outcomes, as well as the fact that hours of work are left-censored. My findings are consistent with the overall idea that female say on income leads to better child outcomes, rather than female income earning per se. Nevertheless, the type of income under female control, child gender and child outcome matter. Chapter 4, entitled “Violence Exposure and Welfare Over Time: Evidence From The Burundi Civil War” and co-authored with Marion Mercier and Philip Verwimp, investigates the relationship between exposure to conflict and poverty dynamics over time. We use a three-wave panel data from Burundi, which tracked individuals and reported local-level violence exposure in 1998, 2007 and 2012. Firstly, the data reveal that headcount poverty has not changed since 1998 while we observe multiple transitions into and out of poverty. Moreover, households exposed to the war exhibit a lower level of welfare than non-exposed households, with the difference between the two groups predicted to remain significant at least until 2017, i.e. twelve years after the conflict termination. The correlation between violence exposure and deprivation over time is confirmed in a household-level panel setting. Secondly, our empirical investigation shows how violence exposure over different time spans interacts with households' subsequent welfare. Our analysis of the determinants of households' likelihood to switch poverty status (i.e. to fall into poverty or escape poverty) combined with quintile regressions suggest that, (i) exposure during the first phase of the conflict has affected the entire distribution, and (ii) exposure during the second phase of the conflict has mostly affected the upper tail of the distribution: initially non-poor households have a higher propensity to fall into poverty while initially poor households see their propensity to pull through only slightly decrease with recent exposure to violence. Although not directly testable with the data at hand, these results are consistent with the changing nature of violence in the course of the Burundi civil war, from relatively more labor-destructive to relatively more capital-destructive.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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Keeratipongpaiboon, Thuttai. "Population ageing : changes in household composition and economic behaviour in Thailand." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14570/.
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Shaw-Williams, Damian. "A techno-economic network assessment of household generation and battery storage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/129220/1/Damian_Shaw-Williams_Thesis.pdf.
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This study provides an integrated view of the economics of residential photovoltaics (PV) and battery storage both from the household and network operator perspectives. This research aims to evaluate residential battery storage in addressing the barriers to the further adoption of household PV and perform a comprehensive technical and economic analysis of the household and network impacts through a highly granular probabilistic model of households and network behaviour. It examines a range of value measures that must be considered in informing policy on the rate of transition of the energy sector to renewable generation. The research involved constructing a highly detailed model to evaluate both sector perspectives by incorporating a technical evaluation with the economic.
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Newall, Philip W. S. "Household financial decision making." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24473.
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Households are nowadays required to make financial decisions of increasing complexity in an increasing number of domains. This thesis explores psychological mechanisms, behavior change interventions, and potential inhibitory factors underlying wise household financial decisions in the domains of gambling advertising and mutual fund investing. In-depth investigations of these two domains were chosen to balance the depth of topic coverage versus the wide breadth of modern financial decision making. UK soccer gambling advertising was investigated via two observational studies and a range of online experiments. The experiments found that soccer fans struggle to form coherent expectations for the complex bets featuring in UK soccer gambling advertising. Mutual fund investors have to balance a number of cues in their investment choices. Normatively, mutual fund investors should minimize fees. However, a number of investors choose to maximize past returns instead. Three chapters investigate how mutual fund fees and financial percentage returns are psychologically processed, in order to uncover beneficial behavior change interventions. Many participants processed percentages additively, rather than follow the correct multiplicative strategy. Both percentages and corresponding “small” currency amounts were associated with systematic biases. Participant responses were closest to the normative strategy when either past returns were framed as a “small” currency amount, or when fees were framed as a 10 year currency amount. “Some people invest based on past performance, but funds with low fees have the highest future results” was the most effective disclaimer at nudging fee-sensitivity against the real world status quo, “Past performance does not predict future results.”
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Mishra, Padmaja. "A quantitative study on regional household expenditure inequalities and a normative approach to federal allocation of resources in India." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292667.
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Wong, Yi-lee. "Family history and household economic strategies : a study of post-war Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17311032.
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Cunningham, Allison Elizabeth. "An economic analysis of the factors affecting household financial asset allocation decisions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58331.pdf.
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Qazi, Azra Nuruddin. "Household energy in rural Pakistan : a technical, environmental and socio-economic assessment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292021.
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Oyebamiji, Oyeleke. "The household economic impact of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29377.
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Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major public health concern in African countries due to the high rates of complications such as atrial fibrillation, stroke, infective endocarditis, and heart failure, all of which can result in premature death. In 2015, RHD was estimated to affect 33 million people globally and resulted in at least 320,000 deaths, nearly all of which were in low and middle-income countries. Comparing to other non-communicable diseases (NCDs), RHD imposes economic burden on households that if measures are not in place to mitigate this, it can impoverish such household. However, there are several literatures on the intergenerational economic consequences of other chronic diseases. But, there is no study regarding the household economic of RHD. This mini-dissertation sets out to estimate the household economic impact of RHD. Methods: This study was a follow-on study from the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (REMEDY), which was a multi-center, international, hospital-based prospective registry of patients with RHD. It was designed as a cohort study to document the disease characteristics and outcomes of individuals with RHD across many countries. We recruited participants in the REMEDY study who were resident in Cape Town and received care at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH). This study made use of patient and household member surveys to estimate the economic consequences of RHD among households in which REMEDY participants reside. REMEDY registry participants (index cases), their caregivers, and other household members were considered as respondents. 100 REMEDY participants receiving care at GSH was sampled. This sample size was chosen to balance feasibility and precision and to align with a parallel study of the cost of RHD to the health system that aimed to sample medical records from the same 100 REMEDY participants. Patient and household data collection was carried out between September 2017 to December 2017. Direct costs, indirect costs, and the downstream economic behaviors (coping strategies) that lead to medical impoverishment and other consequences were estimated. Cost of illness (COI) was used to assess the effect of ill-health and health-related expenditure on the consumption possibilities of households. Direct costs comprise both medical and nonmedical costs, which may include both the financial cost of resources as well as opportunity costs (e.g., of capital items). Human capital approach was used to calculate indirect cost. Implicit in the human capital approach is the assumption that changes in health status of household members can be reflected by losses in productivity, and losses in income generation. Productivity losses was estimated using the new South Africa minimum wage rate per month as proxy. Coping was estimated with the direct costs (e.g., borrowing from friends or relatives, or taking out formal loans) or indirect costs (e.g., intra-household labor substitution) and can be cost prevention strategies (e.g., ignoring illness, non-treatment) to cost management strategies (e.g., borrowing, selling assets, or labor substitution). Economic costs were valued in United State dollar (USD) converted from South African rand (ZAR) in 2017. Results: Direct medical cost was estimated to ZAR 0, because all patients were exempt from medical fees. Total direct non-medical cost for outpatient and inpatient visits was estimated to be ZAR 27,000 (USD 2000) and 29,000 (USD 2200) (respectively) over 302 and 74 encounters (respectively), an average of ZAR 270 (USD 20) and ZAR 290 (USD 22) per patient (respectively). Indirect costs incurred over the 302 outpatient encounters and 74 hospital admissions were estimated to be ZAR 41,000 (USD 3100) and ZAR 26,000 (USD 1900) (respectively), an average of ZAR 410 (USD 31) and ZAR 260 (USD 19) per patient. Direct cost had a very high impact on the household and they were compelled to adopt coping. Households observed in the study recorded that seventeen percent of households took out loans at an average of ZAR 1200 (USD 91) per loan (range ZAR 100 to ZAR 7000) (range USD 7 to 500). Fifteen percent received financial gifts at an average of ZAR 800 (USD 61) per gift. Two percent sold assets valued at ZAR 5600 (USD 120) on average. Five percent engaged in multiple coping strategies. Also, HH had to cope with indirect cost of illness as 15% of household caregivers changed jobs and 10% worked extra hours. About 4% of household members dropped out of school. Four percent adopted more than one coping strategy. A considerable share of participants reported that they had reduced education to take care of the affected patient. Most of the caregivers of patients with RHD were spouses and children, and 6 % were heads of household. The total cost of RHD to the average affected household is valued at about ZAR 1600 annually. In total, the overall annual economic impact of RHD in this sample of 100 households affected by RHD was estimated at ZAR 160,000 (USD 12200) (ZAR 1600 per household) (USD 120), representing 4.4% of annual household income or 4.9% of annual household expenditure patient spending that exceeded 10% threshold was estimated to be 8% and increasing the threshold to 40 % of non- food expenditure reduced the prevalence of catastrophic spending to 4%. Conclusions: The economic impact of RHD in South Africa is substantial despite government efforts to provide free care. The total cost of RHD to the average affected household is valued at about ZAR 1600 annually. A broader and more robust range of social policies will be required to mitigate non-medical and indirect costs and reduce distortions in household economic activity.
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Calduch, Jornet Vicenc. "Economic MPC for a Flemish household with PV and a heat pump." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254406.
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The energy consumption of the building sector accounts for 40% of the global use, most ofwhich are employed for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning, together with WaterHeating. In 2016, the European residential sector represented 25.4% of the final energyconsumption with households using up to 80% of it to meet the heating demands. Suchconsumption calls for energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy sources.In addition, thermal storage grants an increased integration of renewable energy sourcescombined with the potential of demand-side management. In the push towards near zeroemission buildings, the most promising configuration is all electrical with the provisionof energy with a residential PV. Therefore, this thesis focuses on a control strategy fora residential installation with a heat pump and PV.Economic model predictive control (EMPC) has been determined as a favorable controlstrategy to handle such systems. EMPC allows for many different things, includingconstraint handling and optimal performance in spite of conflicting objectives. The thesisis developed in collaboration with the Belgian start-up ThermoVault, which provideselectric energy services for space and water heaters. After successfully accomplishing theprovision of local services, such as energy efficiency or self-consumption, the intention isto combine the local objectives with an additional external incentive, e.g. provision ofancillary services or time-of-use.Firstly, the thesis aims to provide a regional context of demand response, heat pumpand PV to understand their role in the near future. Moreover, the thesis proceeds tosearch for this second external economic incentive to yield greater economic profits.Upon finding the additional incentive, a control strategy that fits the requirements isproposed accordingly. Finally, a case study representative of a Flemish household isintroduced and the performance of the control strategy is assessed in comparison to asimple ruled-base control. The assessment is performed over three different weeks of theyear, representing the three seasons with heating demands (autumn, winter and spring)in order to extrapolate the results for a whole year. After it, two possible future scenariosare studied: 1) the introduction of a feed-in tariff, instead of the current net-meteringscheme and, 2) the possibility to access real-time pricing at a residential level.Energiförbrukningen inom byggsektorn motsvarar 40% av den globala förbrukningen,var värmning, ventilation och luftkonditionering, uppvärmning av vatten. Bostadssektorn representerar 25.4% av denna energianvändning, varav hushållen under 2016 använde 80% för uppvärmning. Sådan konsumtion påkallar energieffektivitet samt ett ökat användande av förnybara energikällor. Därtill bidrar termisk lagring till en ökad integration av förnybara energikällor i kombination med potentialen i efterfrågeflexibilitet. I strävan efter byggnader med nollutsläpp är den mest lovande konfigurationen genomgående elektrisk med energiförsörjning från bostadsanapassade solceller.Därför ligger fokus i denna uppsats på en kontrollstrategi för installationer i bostäder med en värmepump och solceller.Economic model predictive control (EMPC) har föreslagits som en av de bästa kontrollstrategierna för att hantera denna typ av system. EMPC tillåter många olika saker, däribland restrektiv hantering och optimal prestation, trots mål som motsäger varandra. Detta examensarbete är genomfört i samarbete med den belgiska start-upen ThermoVault, som tillhandahåller elektrisk energi-tjänster för uppvärmning av lokaler och vatten. Efter att ha framgångsrikt åstadkommit tillhandahållande av lokala tjänster, såsom energieffektivitet eller optimering av egen förbrukning, är avsikten att kombinera de lokala målen med ytterligare ett externt mål, det vill säga tillhandahållandet av systemtjänster eller Time of Use tariff.I första hand syftar den här uppsatsen till att erbjuda en regional kontext analysera efterfrågan, värmepumpar och solceller för att förstå deras roll i en näraliggande framtid. Därtill fortsätter den här uppsatsen att eftersöka andra ekonomiska drivkrafter för att generera större ekonomisk vinst. När denna identifierats, föreslås en kontrollstrategi som möter de krav som ställs. Slutligen introduceras en fallstudie som är representativ för ett flamländskt hushåll och EMPC algoritmens prestanda är utvärderad i förhållande till en enkel regelbaserad styrning. Utvärderingen görs under tre olika veckor under ett år och representerar de tre årstiderna med tillhörande krav på uppvärmning (höst, vinter, vår) för att kunna extrapolera resultaten för ett helt år. Därefter studeras två möjliga framtidsscenarier: 1) införandet av en inmatnings-tariff istället för den nuvarande nettomätningsmodellen och, 2) möjligheten att använda realtids priser för hushållskunder.
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Zhang, Chi, and 張馳. "The effect of rapid economic growth on social service workers in urbanChina: the existing difficulties of domestichousehold helpers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548863.
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Marks, Brian J. "Effects of Economic Restructuring on Household Commodity Production in the Louisiana Shrimp Fishery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193285.
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The Louisiana shrimp fishery has experienced a collapse in the price of shrimp since 2001. The principal reason for this collapse is increasing shrimp imports. Examining the political economy of agro-food systems and the interrelated household economies of Louisiana shrimp fisherpeople, this thesis asks how household commodity production, where fishers own their means of production and supply most labor themselves, is being restructured by the liberalization of seafood trade. Shrimpers have drawn increasingly on household resources (such as unwaged labor of family members) that are normally devoted to social reproduction to maintain their participation in household commodity production. In other words, households shift resources out of the family and into the economy in order to make good on losses of cash income they suffer from low prices. Households continue producing at de facto wage levels below that necessary to support the household on shrimping income alone.
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Shawa, Mary. "Effect of economic improvement projects for women in Malawi on nutritional, economic and social status of household members." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251607.
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Wong, Po-chun Rosita, and 黃寶珍. "A study of household domestic service: the impact of social changes on property management service in the privatehousing sector." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31968508.
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Phongsanarakul, Wasana. "The dynamic behavior of household saving : a model for the economy of Thailand." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24582.
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Sebu, Joshua. "Essays on farm household credit constraint, productivity and consumption inequality in Malawi." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/59977/.
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Credit has proven to be a necessary tool for economic development affecting positively the welfare of households and individuals. However, one major area in which rural households lack is access to financial markets including credit. The studies included in this thesis contribute to the access to credit literature and the credit constraint/unconstraint impact on some welfare outcomes. The first empirical study examined farm households' access to credit in rural Malawi. Unlike previous empirical studies, particular attention is given to discouraged borrowers who are mostly ignored in such studies. Using the 2010/2011 household survey data from Malawi the study determines the demographic and socio-economic characteristics that distinguish farm households who need credit, who are the discouraged borrowers and who are rejected applicants. A three-step sequential estimation model following a trivariate probit model with double sample selection was adopted. The findings revealed that there were over 7 times more discouraged borrowers than denied applicants. Women were more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit but, if they applied, they were more likely to be successful in obtaining credit than males. This shows that when examining farm households' access to credit discouraged borrowers should be given special consideration. Capturing discouraged borrowers as also credit constrained, the second empirical study employed a switching model to estimate the impact of credit constraint status on farm productivity for each credit constraint regime. The study further compared the expected production under actual and counterfactual conditions for a household being credit constrained or unconstrained. The findings suggest that a household that is constrained is less productive than a randomly selected household from the sample would but that for the unconstrained household is inconclusive, however, the counterfactual arguments as seen from the analysis shows that being credit unconstrained was beneficial to the increase in productivity. Studies have shown that undeveloped financial markets have been a major contributing factor increasing inequality, especially in developing countries. The third empirical study examined the impact of household credit constraint on the consumption inequality of rural households in Malawi. Factors that explain the within and between credit constrained and unconstrained status of consumption inequality were examined. The General Entropy (GE) Index and the Regression-Based Inequality Decomposition Methods, Field's (2003) and Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition were employed. The findings show that inequality was more prominent within the groups than between them. Also, the size of households and the value of assets were the major contributors to the within-group inequalities for credit constrained and unconstrained households. Further, only the endowment component was important in explaining the consumption inequality gap between the credit constrained and unconstrained households. Adjusting the level of endowments of constrained households to that of the unconstrained households increased their welfare by 15.7 percent.
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Zhang, Chi. "The effect of rapid economic growth on social service workers in urban China the existing difficulties of domestic household helpers /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548863.
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Brück, Tilman. "Coping with peace : post-war household strategies in northern Mozambique." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5125a10-70c9-4cfa-9257-31386d1ae0af.
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The objective of this thesis is to understand how poor farm households in developing countries are affected by and cope with the legacy of internal war. The theoretical analysis is based on a peasant household model for land abundant countries as war can be shown to weaken markets, re-enforce household subsistence and increase overall land abundance. The empirical analysis uses regression techniques and a household survey from post-war northern Mozambique to assess the implications of the war legacy for land access, coping strategies, and household welfare. The key findings include that war can enhance the degree of land abundance while also creating barriers to land access for some households, thus re-defining land abundance as a household-level concept. Land emerges as the least war vulnerable asset thus encouraging households to shift to land-based subsistence activities during the war. The experience of war increases the number of endogenously determined land variables, which should therefore be reflected in models of African land use. The thesis advances the literature of household coping strategies by focussing on little researched post-disaster and war-induced strategies. Households are found to respond to indirect war effects and thus to rely on subsistence and non-market activities and to make selective use of markets. Surprisingly, social exchange does not play a large role for insuring incomes. Finally, the thesis finds that the war legacy continues to depress household welfare for many years after the end of the conflict, which is attributed to a variety of poverty traps. Importantly, and in contrast to other studies of post-war Mozambique, education and cotton adoption are not found to enhance household welfare significantly but a larger area farmed does. The findings indicate that post-war reconstruction policy should re-capitalise household endowments and stimulate rural markets as part of a broadly based programme of rural development.
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Martell, Christine Renée. "Women's work and household income: evidence from Bangkok's urban fringe." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41400.
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This research asks whether the patterns of women's economic contribution and marginalization that previously have been identified apply to the emerging metropolitan fringe areas. I argue that women in metropolitan fringe communities are more marginalized than men in tenns of type of employment, location of employment, hours of employment, and remuneration. Women contribute different amounts and proportions of time and income to the family than men and their contributions, productive and reproductive, significantly add to the household resources and are necessary for household survival. The research identifies women's economic contributions to the household and how they vary by household type and composition. This study uses data collected by Browder et al (1992) from a sample offamilies in Bangkok's metropolitan fringe to explore employment patterns and gender roles. Results show that women and men have different employment patterns~ with women much more likely to be involved with infonnal, self-employed work. Women make significant contributions to household incomes, but they do so while being economically marginalized. Even in a lower-middle to middle class area, residents--particularly women--rely on infonnal sector employment. An important conclusion, which was overlooked in a previous analysis, is that self employment is crucial to women's work patterns. Finally, all women significantly contribute to household income; unlike non-head males, non-head and non-spouse females contribute as much as female heads and spouses.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Welivita, Indunee. "Designing an economic instrument for sustainable solid waste management in the household sector." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/designing-an-economic-instrument-for-sustainable-solid-waste-management-in-the-household-sector(b945f9e5-4694-4647-8280-d3cec7671828).html.
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Household Solid Waste Management has become problematic in urban areas especially in developing countries like Sri Lanka due to increased waste generation and financial constraints. The main objective of this research was to design an economic instrument with policy suggestions in order to address the household solid waste management problem in Dehiwala – the Mt. Lavinia Municipal Council area in Sri Lanka. In order to reduce the quantity of waste by encouraging sustainable solid waste management practices, the importance of a bag-based waste collection charge was identified. This study was undertaken using a sample of 300 households using a face-to-face questionnaire survey and a waste quantification study. The average daily household waste generation was found to be 1783.3g with daily per capita waste generation of 404.5g. The average composition of waste was; 85.6% organic, 4.9% paper, 2.8% plastic, 0.7% glass, 0.9% metal and 5.1% other waste. The determinants of daily per capita waste quantity in the regression models were; income, education level and the size of household. Waste separation practices are not at satisfactory levels. For the waste separation model; income, job percentage and the education level, frequency of waste collection, regularity of the collection and door-to-door collection were found to be the significant determinants. The linkage between awareness, attitudes and the behavioural intentions of the households regarding sustainable waste management practices were obtained by a principal component analysis. The Choice Experiment method indicated that households’ highest preferences were for “a source separated waste collection, a three times per week door-to-door waste collection with a zero monthly charge”. The average willingness to pay for an improved waste collection service was obtained using Contingent Valuation Method as Rs.9.49 per 5kg waste bag. The determinants of the willingness to pay were; income, quantity of waste, respondent’s age over 60 years, vehicle collection, once a week collection and twice a week collection. The charge level for a 5kg waste bag was determined as Rs.35.00 by considering the total cost of waste management, which was Rs.34.50. The average willingness to pay value of Rs.9.49 can be used in policy decisions in order to determine the charge level at the implementing stage and to subsidize low income households.
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Marks, Brian J. "Effects of Economic Restructuring on Household Commodity Production in the Louisiana Shrimp Fishery." Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1426%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Wong, Yi-lee, and 黃綺妮. "Family history and household economic strategies: a study of post-war Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214769.
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Fan, Weiwei. "Household savings, relationship banking, and urbanization : three essays in economic development and finance /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECON%202003%20FAN.
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Drecon, Stefan. "Household strategies to cope with income fluctuations : an analysis of the effects of producer price and asset market interventions on cotton producers in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333255.
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Kozak, Ladislav. "British cohabitation and the household division of labour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0011a5d-3df8-4ad1-9ba9-790fc5b07c9e.
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The structure of the family unit in the United Kingdom has undergone monumental changes in recent decades. The legal definition of a family has evolved substantially to include a wider range of family forms, most recently same-sex marriage, which became legal in the United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland) in 2014. Legal changes in the family accompany a range of social changes - among the most common of these is an expansion in the number of different-sex non-marital co-residential unions (concisely called "cohabitation") (Ermisch and Francesconi, 2000; Beaujouan and Bhrolcháin, 2011). Since the 1970s, these types of relationships have become widely accepted (Coast, 2009) and increasingly common (Office for National Statistics, 2012a). However, despite its prevalence, cohabitation in the United Kingdom is seldom studied independently of marriage. My dissertation strives to fill this gap in the literature. Specifically, my dissertation adds to the understanding of the household division of labour during cohabitation. Instead of merely examining cohabitation as one homogenous relationship type, Chapter 2 profiles three groups of cohabitants: 1) pre-marital cohabitants; 2) non-marital short-term cohabitants; 3) long-term cohabitants who reside together for five years or longer. Subsequent chapters examine how each of these groups, in turn, addresses the household division of labour - pre-marital and early couple formation cohabitation in Chapter 3, couples transitioning from cohabitation to marriage in Chapter 4, and during long-term cohabitation in Chapter 5. This dissertation is a significant contribution to the field of economic sociology because the household division of labour has not yet been explored during cohabitation in this way.
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Zhang, Fan. "Essays in Financial Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11327.
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This dissertation presents three essays. The first essay finds that the household risky ratio, the ratio of high risk assets over low risk assets directly owned by households, is a strong negative predictor of the equity premium on the US stock market. The predictability is robust to definition of the asset classes, first versus second half of sample, and the finite-sample bias of Stambaugh (1999). The predictability is stronger than, and not subsumed by popular predictors like price-earnings ratios, yield spread, equity share of issues, or consumption-wealth ratios. The main predictive power is decomposed into three similar parts: 1) the household tilt of risky assets, which is novel and generally orthogonal to known predictors; 2) a valuation ratio component; and 3) an issuance component of high risk versus low risk assets.Economics
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Ngum, Kimbung Julious. "Household access to water and willingness to pay in South Africa: evidence from the 2007 General Household Survey." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2897.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThis study assesses the present level of household water access and the willingness to pay in South Africa. Although the general literature informs that progress has been made in positing South Africa above the levels found in most African countries, there are some marked inequalities among the population groups and across the provinces, with some performing well and others poorly in this regard. The study looks at the extent to which households differ in terms of water access and willingness to pay according to the province of residence. The study focuses on household heads; male and female, through different social and demographic attributes, by taking account of variables such as age, education attainment, geographic areas, and population group to name but a few. The data used in this study comes from the 2007 General Household Survey (GHS) conducted by Statistics South Africa. The scope is national and employs cross tabulation and logistic regression to establish relationships and the likelihood of living in a household with access to safe drinking water in South Africa. Results presented in this study suggest that the difference is determined by socio- demographic characteristics of each household such as age, gender, population group, level of education, employment status income, dwelling unit, dwelling ownership, living quarters, household size and income. It throws more light as to what needs to be taken into account when considering demand and supply of and priorities for water intervention from the household perspective.
South Africa
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Howden, Lindsay Michelle. "Household type, economic disadvantage, and residential segregation: empirical patterns and findings from simulation analysis." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2393.
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In this thesis I focus on segregation between households giving attention to the
roles that family type, economic inequality, and race can play in promoting and
maintaining these patterns. I first consider three lines of urban ecological theory that
have been offered to help explain patterns of segregation. One line of theory emphasizes
the role of variation in preferences and needs. The second emphasizes urban structure,
market dynamics, and economic inequality, while the third emphasizes the role of race.
Research examining the role of consumer preferences in the neighborhood and housing
choices of Americans has documented the salience of preferences regarding housing
characteristics, neighborhood income, distance to employment, and neighborhood racial
composition. Related research shows that these preferences vary with social
characteristics such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, stage in the life cycle,
and household type. I review these literatures and link them with urban ecological
theory and the related literatures on social area analysis and factorial ecology. These
theories argue that households within a city are likely to cluster together in space based
on mutually shared characteristics and preferences. To explore these theories, I draw oncensus data for Houston, Texas and use the xPx measure to document patterns of contact
between households based on family type, poverty status, and race. I also decompose
the effects that each of these variables can have separately and in combination with each
other. Following this analysis, I estimate a spatial attainment model that predicts
characteristics of neighborhoods that individuals in each of the race, poverty and family
type groups would live in. Finally, I use computer simulation methods to explore how
micro-level dynamics of housing markets can produce patterns of segregation between
groups who are similar in their location preferences. Specifically, I explore how the
factors of area stratification and group income inequality can lead to segregation
between groups who hold similar location preferences.