Academic literature on the topic 'House construction – Specifications – Ontario'
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Journal articles on the topic "House construction – Specifications – Ontario"
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Benghida, Djamil. "Concrete as a Sustainable Construction Material." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.196.
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Sustainable concrete is nowadays one of the biggest challenges in the construction industry. Performance-based specifications for concrete can materially help meet this new challenge while supporting the concept of “sustainable construction”. Concrete can be found in almost every building structure, be it a pavement, a bridge, a house, a tunnel or a dam. Scholars nowadays are researching the best balanced mix in concrete in order to diminish its environmental impact, especially the cement component which is known for its high carbon emissions. This paper describes concrete durability and outlines what project specifications will significantly influence concrete performance, including its environmental impacts. The paper argues that, despite the sustainability of concrete, concerted efforts on the part of scientists and engineers are still necessary to improve the design of concrete in order to ensure their expected sustainable quality and reliability.
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Rogers, Chris, and Stephen Senior. "Experience with end-result specifications for granular base aggregates in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-033.
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In 1982, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) introduced end-result specifications (ERS) for the acceptance of granular base and subbase aggregates with respect to lot-by-lot statistical testing for grading and percentage of crushed particles. Under ERS, the mean and range of four test results (sublots) were used to determine the payment for specific production quantities (lots). Quality assurance (QA) sampling and testing were conducted at the aggregate source by the MTO. Materials within a lot that were, on average, marginally outside the specification limits or exhibited a wide range would be paid at a reduced contract price. Materials significantly exceeding these requirements would be rejected. In 1997, MTO introduced quality control (QC) requirements that made the contractor responsible for sampling and testing at the source. Quality assurance testing was based on a reduced number of samples taken from materials delivered to the worksite. Price adjustments, if any, were determined solely on QA test results (subject to a referee process). This paper describes in detail the steps taken to introduce these various ERS schemes. Acceptance for granular base materials at full price in 2002 has not changed significantly from 1994 and earlier years; the quantity of rejected materials has also not changed significantly over the years. It is concluded that the introduction of contractor QC testing has not significantly improved the quality of materials supplied, but neither has it had a detrimental effect.Key words: aggregate, construction, end-result specification, granular base, pavement, quality assurance, quality control, statistics, testing.
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Taylor, Raymond J. "Field applications of prestressed laminated wood bridge decks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-064.
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The concept of prestressing laminated wood bridge decks was conceived in Ontario in 1976 as a method of upgrading existing deteriorated nailed laminated wood decks. The success of this technique as a method of rehabilitation prompted considerable research and development aimed at introducing it into new construction. This work led to the formation of a comprehensive set of design specifications, which have since been adapted into the Ontario highway bridge design code and were included in the 1983 edition.Since its inception in 1976, the prestressed wood concept has been used many times, and by 1985, more than 16 bridges incorporated the concept in various ways. The objective of this paper is to discuss a number of these field structures in order to demonstrate the flexibility of the prestressed wood deck system. In new construction, the system has been applied to both longitudinally and transversely laminated decks including on-site deck assembly as well as a preassembled deck panel system.The paper describes the applicability of the system, construction sequence, and field problems. In addition, construction costs for some of the applications, as derived from field data, are discussed. Key words: wood, bridges, prestressed wood decks, laminated decks, preassembled deck panels.
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Wong, Lui S., Erez N. Allouche, Ashutosh S. Dhar, Michael Baumert, and Ian D. Moore. "Long-term monitoring of SIDD Type IV installations." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-012.
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An evaluation of the standard installation direct design (SIDD) prediction method has been undertaken by constructing and monitoring full-scale test beds installed according to SIDD Type IV specifications at four test sites across southern Ontario, Canada. Stresses around the test beds were monitored over a period of 20 months. The internal diameter of the test pipe segments varied from 600 mm to 900 mm; in situ soil conditions ranged from organic clay to sand, and burial depths varied from 1.5 to 3 times the diameter of the installed pipe. All test sections were subjected to frequent heavy traffic loads, representing a worse case loading scenario. Measurements from the 20 month monitoring period were compared with predictions from Ontario Provincial Standards and SIDD specifications. It was concluded that the SIDD method reasonably predicts the stress envelope around a buried rigid pipe installed using the cut-and-cover construction method. The indirect design method currently used by the Ontario Provincial Standards was found to provide an overly conservative prediction of soil stresses at the invert of the pipe. Field measurements also suggest that the value of the horizontal arching factor (HAF) currently recommended by SIDD for Type IV installations is overly conservative and can be increased while maintaining a conservative design approach.Key words: soil, pipe, interaction, rigid, SIDD, monitoring.
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Robayo-Salazar, Rafael A., William Valencia-Saavedra, Sandra Ramírez-Benavides, Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez, and Armando Orobio. "Eco-House Prototype Constructed with Alkali-Activated Blocks: Material Production, Characterization, Design, Construction, and Environmental Impact." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051275.
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The interest of the construction industry in alkali-activated materials has increased to the extent that these materials are recognized as alternatives to ordinary Portland cement-based materials in the quest for sustainable construction. This article presents the design and construction of a prototype of an eco-friendly house built from concrete blocks produced using alkali activation technology or geopolymerization. The prototype meets the requirements of the current Colombian Regulations for Earthquake Resistant Buildings (NSR-10) and includes standards related to the performance of the materials, design, and construction method for earthquake-resistant confined masonry of one- or two-story buildings. The alkali-activated blocks were obtained from different precursors (aluminosilicates), including a natural volcanic pozzolan, ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, construction and demolition waste (concrete, ceramic, brick, and mortar), and red clay brick waste. The physical-mechanical characterization of the alkali-activated blocks allowed their classification according to the structural specifications of the Colombian Technical Standard NTC 4026 (equivalent to ASTM C90). The global warming potential (GWP) or “carbon footprint” attributed to the raw materials of alkali-activated blocks was lower (25.4–54.7%) than that of the reference blocks (ordinary Portland cement concrete blocks). These results demonstrate the potential of alkali-activated materials for application in the construction of eco-friendly houses.
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Kotásková, Pavla, and Zdeňka Havířová. "Wood moisture monitoring during log house thermal insulation mounting." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 3 (2011): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030091.
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The current designs of thermal insulation for buildings concentrate on the achievement of the required heat transmission coefficient. However, another factor that cannot be neglected is the assessment of the possible water vapour condensation inside the construction. The aim of the study was to find out whether the designed modification of the cladding structure of an existing log house will or will not lead to a risk of possible water vapour condensation in the walls after an additional thermal insulation mounting. The condensation could result in the increase in moisture of the walls and consequently the constructional timber, which would lead to the reduction of the timber construction strength, wood degradation by biotic factors – wood-destroying insects, mildew or wood-destroying fungi. The main task was to compare the theoretically established values of moisture of the constructional timber with the values measured inside the construction using a specific example of a thermal insulated log house. Three versions of thermal insulation were explored to find the solution of a log house reconstruction which would be the optimum for living purposes. Two versions deal with the cladding structure with the insulation from the interior, the third version deals with an external insulation.In a calculation model the results can be affected to a great degree by input values (boundary conditions). This especially concerns the factor of vapour barrier diffusion resistance, which is entered in accordance with the producer’s specifications; however, its real value can be lower as it depends on the perfectness and correctness of the technological procedure. That is why the study also includes thermal technical calculations of all designed insulation versions in the most unfavourable situation, which includes the degradation of the vapour barrier down to 10% efficiency, i.e. the reduction of the diffusion resistance factor to 10% of the original value. Moreover, the dependence of the weight moisture of timber inside the insulated cladding on temperature-moisture changes in the internal and external ambient environment was examined.
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Knippenberg, S. C. M., L. F. P. Etman, T. Wilschut, and J. A. van de Mortel-Fronczak. "Specifying Process Activities for Multi-Domain Matrix Analysis Using a Structured Textual Format." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 1613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.167.
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AbstractThis paper proposes a method to automatically generate a multi-domain matrix (MDM) from textual activity specifications. The format for specifying these activities is based on a structured grammar derived from natural language and consists of two types of activities: goal activities and transformation activities. A goal activity describes the purpose of an action performed by an actor for the benefit of another actor in the system. A transformation activity describes an activity from the viewpoint of a single actor, who receives, generates, and outputs information or artifacts. If one describes activities using these two types of activity specifications, dependencies can be automatically derived between actors, activities, and parameters of the system and visualized in an MDM. Thus the generated MDM presents an organization DSM (actors), a process DSM (activities), and a parameter DSM (flows of information or objects), as well as the mapping matrices coupling the different domains. An illustrative house construction example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed activity specification format. The method may provide an outcome in understanding and managing complex systems.
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De Araujo, Victor, Jozef Švajlenka, Juliano Vasconcelos, Herisson Santos, Sheyla Serra, Fernando Almeida Filho, José Paliari, Francisco Rocco Lahr, and André Christoforo. "Is the Timber Construction Sector Prepared for E-Commerce via Instagram®? A Perspective from Brazil." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 8683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148683.
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Timber construction is a contemporary solution where sales are performed through in-store trade. Timber house e-commerce may stimulate global markets, and in times of intense remote routines, it is useful to improve the performance of the wood and construction sectors. Timber housing producers and dealers are the research object under analysis to study the electronic market of this Brazilian sector on Instagram®. With just over four hundred companies, nearly 80% of this sector already utilizes this virtual social network. We validated the outcomes through a significant sampling of all 315 companies with corporate profiles to identify their competences, goals, and failures. The profiles prioritize the elucidation of products and basic features, not yet being ready for the virtual sales of timber houses. The study makes it clear that our results typify a sector marked by a developing electronic market. Inserting a description of product prices and detailed specifications may change this status. From failures and competences, a classification for social profiles was proposed to measure the progress and virtual participation of each individual.
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Isaacs, Nigel. ""Balloon to Platform Framing": a change of the 1880s?" Architectural History Aotearoa 10 (December 8, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v10i.7360.
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Brett's Colonists' Guide and Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge: Being a Compendium of Information by Practical Colonists, edited by Thomas W. Leys, was first published in 1883. Rated, in 1993 in a National Library Exhibition, as one of the 21 "Working Titles" that had shaped New Zealand, it provided "all Information of possible use" to new arrivals. This included how to build your own cottage – providing floor plans, a material list and an estimate of labour for four cottages (increasing to five cottages complete with a set of written specifications in the 1897 edition). These designs and quantities provide a unique opportunity to explore changes in the technology of New Zealand house construction.It has been hypothesised that in the 1890s timber construction shifted from balloon to platform framing – the basic style still used for timber framed houses. The paper will report research that examined import statistics, business records and quinquennial national censuses to explore indirect measures of changes in construction technology. It is concluded that this change occurred in the previous decade, the 1880s.
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Zehro, Khosro. "Specifications and types of seawall structures needed to protect beaches from sand erosion and storm disasters." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v2i1.56.
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When someone decides to buy a house or any other estate near the shoreline, they do not think that in future nature will impact the value of their asset significantly. Further to the risks of hurricanes or any other natural hazards (such as tsunami), waves are gradually shifting the coastlines by displacing soil from a location to various areas. In recent decades, coasts have been affected by a significant deterioration due to weather conditions, waves, and coastal soil erosion. Hence, it needs precise environmental consideration, and preserves coasts for leisure, specifying reasons that promoted effective technologies from immersed structures to coastal nourishing. Therefore, by constructing sea-walls should prevent shoreline environments, especially the mechanism of sedimentation, long-shore transfer of sand, altering the coasts to the significant proportion which results from weathering and sea waves sever. In this paper, an overview submitted to the kinds of seawalls and specifications needed to sustain the seawalls. There explained the positive and negative effects of seawalls on coastal area, and the required factors to enhance seawalls stabilization against overturning and sliding failure. Also, the developed types of seawall structures have been identified that, in addition to the more practical vertical model, the stepped, rubble-mound, and curves have also been designed. It is recommended to coastal structure designer and engineers, in the pre-construction stage should precisely be studied on the coast situation and weathering conditions in the area, that is essential to make sustainable decisions and designs for construction of these structures.
Books on the topic "House construction – Specifications – Ontario"
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Shepherd, James M. How to contract the building of your new home: From lot to chimney top. 3rd ed. Williamsburg, Va: Shepherd Publishers, 1991.
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Rauch, Paul H. How to be your own contractor: Remodeling, additions, alterations, building a new home. Andover, Mass: Brick House Pub. Co., 1988.
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Rauch, Paul H. How to be your own contractor: Remodeling, additions, alterations, building a new home. Andover, Mass: Brick House Pub. Co., 1988.
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Gruszecki, David. Hire a builder with confidence. Franklin, WI: Indemand Publications, 1987.
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Lilleholt, Kåre. Bustadoppføringslova: Avtaledokumenter med kommentarer. Oslo: Boligprodusentenes forening, 2000.
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Company, R. S. Means, ed. Residential & light commercial construction standards: The all-in-one, authoritative reference compiled from major building codes, recognized trade custom, industry standards. Kingston, MA: R.S. Means Co., 2002.
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Building your own home: A step-by-step guide. New York: Wiley, 1988.
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NAHB Software Review Department. and Home Builder Press, eds. CAD reference guide for residential construction. Washington, DC: NAHB Software Review Dept., Home Builder Press, 1996.
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Affairs, Alberta Alberta Municipal. Thin wall foundation. [Edmonton, Alta.]: Alberta Municipal Affairs, Innovative Housing Grants Program, 1990.
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Residential building codes illustrated: A guide to understanding the 2009 International residential code. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010.
Find full textConference papers on the topic "House construction – Specifications – Ontario"
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Nicolai Jensen, Benjamin, Eljane Uys, and Laetitia Cook. "The Use of Drone Technologies Within the Built Environment of South Africa." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002323.
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As the 4th Industrial Revolution technologies continue to recast the practices of multiple industries, there is an opportunity for the South African Built Environment to hop on the bandwagon of this technical evolution. Within the country’s-built environment, the focus of the paper was upon reporting on the feasible symbiotic relationship of the construction industry and drone technology.Based on previous literature with regards to drones in the construction industry of South Africa, it was found that many practitioners were eager to investigate the possible use of drones however the main concern was the cost. Therefore, the question of what legal drone and data processing program could feasibly be incorporated by practising professionals into the different construction stages of development was investigated.To produce evidence, results and derive conclusions on the question; an exploratory study of academic journals and articles along with manufacturer specifications was conducted. First off, the paper motivates that through the versatility of drones and the processing programs abilities many current construction practices can become more efficient. It was found though, through interviews with practising professionals, that the only damper on optimising the versatility of drones in South Africa was the legislation.To guide the results of exploration practising professionals were interviewed to provide a baseline on the current use of drones in South Africa. The interviews revealed that before starting to look at a drone, a processing program or the cost thereof the legislation governing drone usage in South Africa must be understood and complied with. Throughout the paper, the legal requirements have been stated to inform the construction industry of these requirements. To follow this, professional drones and data processing programs available and their cost were tabulated to answer the question. However, it was concluded that a drone cannot be limited to a single stage in a construction project because of its multifaceted functionality. Furthermore, it is dependent on the size of the project and the skill of the pilot to whether a drone is a feasible option for each construction project.Future research may need to be done to further refine the study. Practical research tests to see how drones perform on South African construction sites may provide critical results to elaborate on, and provide additional data. Another aspect to be further researched is the legal cost of a drone in terms of time and money to critically answer whether outsourcing or in house drone services are the future of construction company’s practices.
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Piromchart, Taradon, Supaluck Watanapanich, Siripong Limprachaya, Patara Limpanachaipornkul, Thirawat Sanitmuang, Jutiporn Jaiyen, Noppadol Iamtanasinchai, et al. "World's First Arsenic in Condensate Removal for Oil & Gas Industry and its Universal Applications for Adsorption Facilities." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31368-ms.
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Abstract Arsenic (As) and Mercury (Hg) are impurities unique to condensate produced from reservoir in the Gulf of Thailand and thus, the treatment process is critical to meet PTTEP's sale obligation. Mercury has been successfully removed by filtration, but no proven technology exists for arsenic removal until now. Normally, there are 3 condensate tankers to transfer offloading condensate to Petrochemical plant. In case any batch of condensate is rejected by customer. Trader is generally required at least 2 weeks to manage the tanker holding the high As condensate. Thus, the business impact of this project is cost saving from reducing the frequency of tanker demurrage. The major financial ramification is a key driver for exploring the alternative treatment techniques for As removal. Several techniques to remove As content in condensate have been explored and tested to find a suitable solution to this major challenge. Several technologies were tested in-house, and solid bed adsorption is found to be the most effective with approximately 90% removal efficiency. The scaled-up unit is developed for pilot test with operating conditions designed to simulate actual site conditions for further large-scale development. The Arsenic Removal Mobile Unit is designed for a capacity of 4,670 BPD located at the Condensate Tank Terminal prior to installation at offshore facilities. Basic engineering was performed in-house by PTTEP according to adsorbent specifications with modular fabrication for flexibility of installation and relocation. Detailed engineering and construction were performed by contractor under PTTEP supervision. The engineering and procurement of long lead equipment were performed by PTTEP. Furthermore, in parallel, the engineering team are also performed to provide a basis design facility, plan & schedule for installing a permanent arsenic removal unit at Offshore locations (Full-scale). This test result will prove the performance of selected adsorbent and how the adsorbent reacts with actual condensate in full scale. PTTEP is the only company who have been studied about arsenic removal technology from condensate. This initiative has been carried through from preliminary conception to prototype field trials for practical application with an ambitious end-goal of commercialization. The success of this project will provide confidence for large-scale ARU investment to support the condensate management strategy. The expected benefit gain is saving revenue loss of each relevant party. Once this unit is installed at offshore. It will unlock field potential and increase operating flexibility. For downstream industry, it will reduce the adverse impact on downstream petrochemical plants. The service life of catalyst can be prolonged and reduce a toxicity risk to personnel. The high arsenic contaminated in disposal water shall be resolved.
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Nunthaworrarat, Rattachai, and Suchart Srivaranon. "The Future of Zero Continuous Flare Operation at Greater Bongkot North Field." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31565-ms.
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Abstract The Greater Bongkot North (GBN)'s condensate stabilization system initially utilizes multi-stage flashing concept through the multi-stage separators. Most of the flashing gas at the last stage separator could not be recovered as being operated at very low pressure (0.05 barg) resulting in the continuous flaring through Low Pressure (LP) Flare Header at the Production Platform of the GBN since 1st operation day. Recovery of the unrecoverable low-pressure gas has been unsolved since then. Regarding lower gas nomination forecasted and exported condensate rate in low condensate production mode, LP flare rate is being simulated at 1-3 MMSCFD whilst the existing condensate and gas recovery system shows the available capacity left over even the field potential is maintained. This information energized the opportunity of Recovery Scheme by boosting the pressure of LP Flare Gas and feeding the recovered gas to the existing FGRU compressor within the minimal modification scope. Entire feasible recovery options had been technically examined including essential requirements of modification to evaluate the Pros and Cons on each development scenarios. Key engineering challenge on recovery of the low-pressure heavy flare gas is the closed recirculation of recovered hydrocarbon which wastefully occupies the system capacity. Selection on the returning point of the recovered gas is crucial to minimize the recirculation while increasing production yield. The selected option provides less modification works whereas the entire recovered gas feeding back to the existing FGRU compressor is feasible while the existing facilities at its maximum capacity are utilized and new equipment installation requires only one (Wet Screw) compressor and one liquid recovery (Vertical in-line centrifugal) pump. Each equipment was technically selected through evaluated technical specifications and limitation of installation spaces. Furthermore, the installation scenarios on the aging production platform are key challenge as deck extension, which new equipment are installed, is heavy-lifted, and installed on the existing lower deck of Production Platform using the available margin of platform load on the existing piles. Cost estimation is conducted together with economic evaluation for investment decision. The project is budgetary approved providing an attractive positive NPV. The economic evaluation results in positive NPV mainly due to the condensate gain from the flare gas recovery insisting that greenhouse gas reduction project could be performed in the techno-economical way. The implementation of GBN New LP Flare Recovery scheme will soonest be getting started by FEED and Construction phases accordingly to shape up essential details of required engineering aspects to make the start-up of this project meets the timeline supporting Sustainable Development framework (Green-house gas reduction) as PTTEP strategic directions.