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1
Clifford, Susan Amanda. "The effects of fly-in/fly-out commute arrangements and extended working hours on the stress, lifestyle, relationships and health characteristics of Western Australian mining employees and their partners." University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0018.
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The Western Australian (WA) mining industry directly employs approximately 56,000 people. Almost half work Fly-in/Fly-out commute arrangements (FIFO, e.g. employees living in a city are flown to a remote worksite where they live and work during their work roster) and approximately half work more than 50 hours per week, on average. There are many anecdotal claims that FIFO has negative impacts on WA mining employees, leading to an elevated risk of high stress levels, depression, binge drinking, recreational drug use and relationship break-ups. Previous studies found FIFO can be stressful, and have negative impacts on WA employees 'and partners' lifestyles and relationships. This project investigated the long-term (Study One) and short-term (Study Two) impacts of FIFO and extended working hours on a representative sample of WA FIFO mining employees and partners. In Study One, a total of 222 FIFO and Daily Commute (DC) mining employees and partners completed an anonymous questionnaire investigating long-term impacts on work satisfaction, lifestyle, relationships and health. A subgroup of 32 Study One FIFO employees and partners also participated in Study Two; a detailed study of the short-term impacts of FIFO and extended working hours and how these impacts fluctuate in intensity during the mining roster. Study Two participants completed a diary and provided saliva samples each day throughout a complete mining roster. The main findings of the study were that FIFO and extended working hours had negative impacts on employees work satisfaction and FIFO was frequently reported to be disruptive to employees 'and partners' lifestyle, in the long-term. However, FIFO and extended working hours did not lead to poor quality relationships, high stress levels or poor health, on average in the long-term; there were generally no significant differences in these characteristics between FIFO and DC employees, or between the FIFO sample and the wider community. There were minor differences between FIFO and DC employees in long-term health characteristics, and Study One employees had similar, or in some cases poorer health outcomes than other community samples.
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Tam, King Wa. "Labour, social and health outcomes of immigrants in Australia : effects of language proficiency using the IV approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60256/1/King_Wa_Tam_Thesis.pdf.
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Language has been of interest to numerous economists since the late 20th century, with the majority of the studies focusing on its effects on immigrants’ labour market outcomes; earnings in particular. However, language is an endogenous variable, which along with its susceptibility to measurement error causes biases in ordinary-least-squares estimates. The instrumental variables method overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary least squares in modelling endogenous explanatory variables. In this dissertation, age at arrival combined with country of origin form an instrument creating a difference-in-difference scenario, to address the issue of endogeneity and attenuation error in language proficiency. The first half of the study aims to investigate the extent to which English speaking ability of immigrants improves their labour market outcomes and social assimilation in Australia, with the use of the 2006 Census. The findings have provided evidence that support the earlier studies. As expected, immigrants in Australia with better language proficiency are able to earn higher income, attain higher level of education, have higher probability of completing tertiary studies, and have more hours of work per week. Language proficiency also improves social integration, leading to higher probability of marriage to a native and higher probability of obtaining citizenship. The second half of the study further investigates whether language proficiency has similar effects on a migrant’s physical and mental wellbeing, health care access and lifestyle choices, with the use of three National Health Surveys. However, only limited evidence has been found with respect to the hypothesised causal relationship between language and health for Australian immigrants.
3
Chen, Yu-hsia. "Youth labor supply and the minimum hours constraint /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266691096011.
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Steiber, Nadia. "The formation and change of working time preferences in different societal contexts : a comparative analysis of Britain, Germany and Sweden." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670131.
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Chen, Yu-Hsia. "Youth labor supply and the minimum hours constraint." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1271776069.
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Smith, Damon. "Labour, recreation, rest : aspects of the eight-hour movement in South Australia, 1850-1900 /." Title page, contents and preface only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars645.pdf.
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Mitchell, Dana L. Gallagher Thomas Vincent Taylor Steven E. "Extended working hours in the southeastern logging industry." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Dissertation/Mitchell_Dana_20.pdf.
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Nyland, Chris. "Worktime and the rationalisation of the capitalist production process /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn995.pdf.
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Piasna, Agnieszka Aleksandra. "Work effort in Europe : a comparative analysis of the relationship between working time arrangements and work intensity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708402.
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Maser, Alexandra. "Investigating Trends in Long Work Hours in the U.S. by Demographic Group, 1979-2017." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1967.
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Many studies have found an increase in the percentage of workers working 50 or more weekly hours in the second half of the 20thcentury; however, few studies extend this analysis into the 21stcentury, and few have analyzed these patterns for women in depth. This paper provides an analysis of long work hours for men and women from 1979 to 2017. I investigate how workers who differ in education level, presence and age of children, salary type, and occupation gender-mix classification (for managerial/professional occupations), differ in their likelihood to work long hours. Using a linear probability model, I determine that those most likely to overwork include highly educated men and women, men with children, women without children, salaried workers, and workers in historically male-dominated managerial/professional occupations. Finally, using a Oaxaca decomposition, I find that changes in observable characteristics can account for between 52.28% and 72.62% of the 2 percentage point decrease in long work hours seen for men between the 2000-2002 time period and the 2015-2017 time period.
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So, Anthony Ping-Kam. "The relationship between stress, work hours and depressive symptoms among migrant factory workers in China." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Oet, Pui-kuen. "A study of the five-day week policy of the HKSAR Government." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38645981.
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Crowe, Shaun. "Whitlam's children? Labor and the Greens in Australia." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/118289.
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Over the past three decades, the gradual rise of the Australian
Greens has transformed Australian politics. Where the Australian
Labor Party once enjoyed parliamentary dominance over the
progressive left, it now shares space with the minor party. At
both the state and federal level, Labor has depended on Greens
support to form government, and even more frequently to pass
contentious legislation. After the 2010 federal election and its
resulting minority parliament, the first in almost seventy years,
the two parties signed a formal ‘Agreement’, with the Greens
guaranteeing Labor confidence in return for policy demands
and a great role in government. In the following three years, the
Labor and Greens relationship received unprecedented public
scrutiny. The Agreement and surrounding theatre became a major
theme of the government – one amplified by Labor’s
opponents.
Focusing on this first federal minority experience, the thesis
examines the Labor and Greens relationship in Australia. Across
forty-one interviews with federal representatives, it sought each
party’s institutional perspective on a range of issues. Was the
formal Agreement an effective model for minority government, and
did it serve either party’s interests? What were the defining
institutional and
ideological differences between Labor and the Greens? In the
longer term, was a closer arrangement possible, and did either
party desire it? On top of these questions, the thesis examined a
number of difficult policy areas facing the minority arrangement
– carbon pricing, refugee processing and mining taxation. While
the research revealed a number of different perspectives, even
within parties, it uncovered a productive, though often hostile
parliamentary relationship; united by a series of shared values,
but divided by different approaches to parliament, politics and
pragmatism.
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Johnson, Carol. "Social harmony and Australian labor : the ideology of the Curtin, Chifley and Whitlam Labor governments /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj659.pdf.
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Ahn, Tyler. "Children of Malawi the impact of agricultural technology on educational attainment and child labor hours /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4174.
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Murray, John. "Great expectations : individuals, work and family." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5435.
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Doctor of PhilosophyFemale labour force participation has increased constantly over the last thirty years in Australia. A number of theories and an established literature predict that such an increase in the performance of paid work by women will lead to a redistribution of unpaid work between men and women in the household. There is little evidence, however, of a corresponding redistribution of unpaid work within Australian households, raising a number of questions about the process through which paid and unpaid work is distributed between partners. A review of the literature considers economic and sociological approaches to the domestic division of labour and how the distribution of paid and unpaid work between partners has been understood, measured and explained. This review identifies two related problems in the existing explanatory frameworks; one theoretical, and one empirical. First, existing explanatory frameworks make assumptions about either unilateral, exchange or bargaining decision making processes between partners, rather than empirically establishing the process through which decisions are made. These untested assumptions about the decision making process lead to an empirical problem, whereby the interpretation of empirical data relies on establishing associations between the individual characteristics of household members and the subsequent distribution of time spent on different tasks. By examining the decision making process that is subsumed within the existing explanatory frameworks, this thesis addresses a gap in the literature. Results in the established literature rely on the strength of assumptions about the decision making process in these explanatory frameworks and neglect alternative possibilities. More recent studies provide alternative explanations about the allocation of time within households which consider the independent behaviour of autonomous individuals as well as their perceptions and preferences about paid and unpaid work. These insights guide the construction of this study, with additional consideration given to how individuals perceive, anticipate and make decisions about work and family, taking account of both the established and alternative explanations for the allocation of time to paid and unpaid work. Specifically, the research question asks: what is the decision making process when allocating time to paid and unpaid work in the household? Two component questions sit within this, firstly: what type of decision is it – autonomous, unilateral, exchange or bargaining? And secondly: what is the basis for the decision – income, preference or gender? In order to counter the empirical problems identified in both recent studies and the established literature, and pursue the research questions, a qualitative strategy of data collection and analysis is implemented. Based on replication logic, a target sample of sixty respondents is constructed, containing ten men and ten women from each of three purposefully identified life situations; undergraduate, graduate and parent. This sample allows for the comparative analysis of results between and across samples of men and women drawn from different stages of work and family formation. Subsequently the interview schedule is detailed, along with the composition of the final sample, made up of male and female undergraduates, male and female graduates, mothers and fathers who are also graduates. The results of the interviews are presented in three separate chapters in accordance with the different life situations of the interviewees, namely male and female undergraduates, male and female graduates, and male and female parents who are also graduates. Following the three results chapters is a detailed analysis and discussion of the key findings in the final chapters. Findings from the research indicate that the decision making process is based on gender and operates independent of partners in an autonomous manner. Indeed, gender is seen to be pervasive in the decision making process, with gendered expectations evident in the responses of all men and women in the sample, and taking effect prior to household formation, before decisions about work and family need to be made. The findings demonstrate that, independent of one another, men and women have implicit assumptions about how they will manage demands between work and family. Men in the study are shown to be expecting to fulfil and fulfilling the role of breadwinner in the household, with a continuous attachment to the workforce, whereas women in the study are shown to be expecting to accommodate and accommodating additional care demands in the household, impacting on their attachment to the workforce. These implicit assumptions by men and women conspire to limit the range of options perceived in the household when decisions about work and family need to be made and prevent households from redistributing paid and unpaid work responsibilities between partners in accordance with their economic needs and preferences. These findings also highlight institutional constraints that prevent the redistribution of paid and unpaid work between partners, reinforcing the delineation in the division of labour between household members. In the process this study makes two key contributions to the existing literature, firstly with a method for the investigation of the hitherto untested decision making process, and secondly with findings that demonstrate an alternative decision making process to that which is assumed in the existing explanatory frameworks, which takes account of the gendered expectations of men and women independently.
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Murray, John Angus Catullus. "Great expectations individuals, work and family /." Connect to full text, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5435.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.Title from title screen (viewed 7 October 2009). Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2009. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Patrick, Amanda A. "THE EFFECT OF MICROCREDIT ON POVERTY: THE EXTENT TO WHICH MICROCREDIT INFLUENCES AVERAGE DAILY HOURS SPENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOL." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/162.
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Providing viable sources of credit is fast becoming an important research topic for governments and NGOs as a means of eliminating poverty. Microcredit is one of the alternative methods that have been introduced as opposed to the conventional lending systems which often exclude the poor. Microcredit has the potential to reduce poverty through social (improvement in health, education and women empowerment) and economic means (increase in employment, income and consumption). Although there are several investigations into the economic effect that Microcredit can have, mostly in the areas of consumption and increase in income, the social effects however, were not given much consideration. In this research the social effect of Microcredit on the education of children between the ages of 7-11 in Malawi was assessed in order to study the difference in school hours between non-members and members of Microcredit institutions. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression was used in this analysis. The results indicate a negative relationship between children of Microcredit members and average hours spent in school. We find that consistently, throughout all regressions the number of school hours was less for members of credit programs.
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Jordan, Dorothy Elizabeth Alexandra. "The ecology of infant and toddler care during nonstandard hours in licensed childcare centers." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Ferreira, Jose Otavio de Souza. "A regulação publica da jornada de trabalho brasileira." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286075.
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Orientador: Claudio Salvadori DedeccaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T20:41:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_JoseOtaviodeSouza_M.pdf: 2054843 bytes, checksum: 0488410f56c6adfac12ccbe1e49f49c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Este estudo identifica e analisa a estrutura e evolução da regulação pública da jornada de trabalho brasileira, evidenciando seus pontos de flexibilidade, da origem até o fim da década de 1990. Apresenta um quadro evolutivo da principal legislação constitucional e infraconstitucional sobre a duração do trabalho, mostrando a estrutura básica da jornada pátria e os pontos de flexibilidade nela existentes, com a identificação dos principais entendimentos jurisprudenciais sobre matérias polêmicas relacionadas ao tema, que causaram disputas judiciais entre trabalhadores e empregadores, especialmente na conturbada década que encerra o século XX.Também aborda a história da jornada de trabalho, as diferenciações de outros tempos de trabalho, os diversos tipos de limitações da jornada, sua regulamentação internacional, o debate sobre a flexibilização do tempo de trabalho nos países de capitalismo avançado, apresentando um estudo comparado sobre a regulação pública da jornada de trabalho na França. Por fim, analisa a estrutura e evolução das relações de trabalho no Brasil, assim como o movimento sindical e o perfil das negociações coletivas que envolveram a jornada de trabalho brasileira na década de 1990
Abstract: This study identifies and analyses the structure and evolution of the public regulation in working time in Brazil, focusing on its flexibility aspects, from its origins until the end of the 1990 decade. It presents the evolution of the constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation about working time duration, showing the basic structure and the existing flexibility points, as well as identifying the main jurisprudential agreements about polemic points related to the theme that caused juridical disputes between workers and employers, especially in the last decade ofthe 20th century. The research also deals with the history of the daily working time, the differentiation relative to other working times, its main kind of limitations, the international regulation and the debate about the flexible working time in advanced capitalist countries, presenting a comparative study about the working time public regulation in France. And, finally, the study analyses the structure and evolution of working relations in Brazil, as well as the labor union's movement and the profile ofthe collective negotiations related to the working time in Brazil in the decade of 1990
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Charles, Kristin Elizabeth. "Effects of shift work on employee retention : an examination of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and stress-based explanations." PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4026.
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Shift work is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society, with 17% of the full-time work force and 36% of the part-time work force working non-standard shifts (Beers, 2000). The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between several shift work variables and retention of employees working in a retail organization that is open 24-hours a day. Results indicated no significant differences between workers in fixed versus mixed shift schedules on job satisfaction or role stress. Contrary to my hypothesis, mixed shift workers reported higher levels of commitment and remained with the organization longer than fixed shift workers. As predicted, night shift workers reported lower levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment than evening workers. However contrary to predictions, there were no significant differences between morning and night shift workers. Supervisor support did not moderate the relationship between shift work and commitment, satisfaction, or role stress. However is was a significant moderator of the relationship between day versus evening shift and role stress, with individuals working evening shifts and perceiving high levels of supervisor support remaining with the organization the longest.
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Hoyle, Maxwell Bruce, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Australia and East Timor: elitism, pragmatism and the national interest." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.110809.
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For over two decades the issue of East Timor's right to self-determination has been a prickly issue in Australian foreign policy. The invasion by Indonesian forces in 1975 was expected, as Australian policy-makers had been well informed of the events leading up to the punitive action being taken. Indeed, prior discussions involving the future of the territory were held between the Australian Prime Minister and the Indonesian President in 1974. In response to the events unfolding in the territory the Australian Labor Government at the time was presented with two policy options for dealing with the issue. The Department of Defence recommended the recognition of an independent East Timor; whereas the Department of Foreign Affairs proposed that Australia disengage itself as far as possible from the issue. The decision had ramifications for future policy considerations especially with changes in government. With the Department of Foreign Affairs option being the prevailing policy what were the essential ingredients that give explanation for the government's choice?
It is important to note the existence of the continuity and cyclical nature of attitudes by Labor governments toward Indonesia before and after the invasion. To do so requires an analysis of the influence Doc Evatt had in shaping any possible Labor tradition in foreign policy articulation. The support given by Evatt for the decolonisation of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia) gave rise to the development of a special relationship-so defined. Evidence of the effect Evatt had on future Labor governments may be found in the opinions of Gough Whitlam. In 1975 when he was Prime Minister, Whitlam felt the East Timor issue was merely the finalisation of Indonesia's decolonisation honouring Evatt's long held anti-colonialist tradition existing in the Australian Labor Party. The early predisposition toward Indonesia's cohesiveness surfaced again in the Hawke and Keating Labor governments of later years. It did not vary a great deal with changes in government
The on-going commitment to preserving and strengthening the bilateral relationship meant Indonesia's territorial integrity became the focus of the Australian political elites regional foreign policy determinations. The actions taken by policy-makers served to promote the desire for a stable region ahead of independence claims of the East Timorese. From a realist perspective, the security dilemma for Australian policy-makers was how to best promote regional order and stability in the South East Asian region. The desire for regional cohesiveness and stability continues to drive Australian political elites to promote policies that gives a priority to the territorial integrity of regional states. Indonesia, in spite of its diversity, was only ever thought of as a cohesive unitary state and changes to its construct have rarely been countenanced. Australia's political elite justifications for this stance vacillate between strategic and economic considerations, ideological (anti-colonialism) to one of being a pragmatic response to international politics.
The political elite argues the projection of power into the region is in Australias national interest. The policies from one government to the next necessarily see the national interest as being an apparent fixed feature of foreign policy. The persistent fear of invasion from the north traditionally motivated Australia's political elite to adopt a strategic realist policy that sought to shore up the stability, strength and unity of Indonesia. The national interest was deemed to be at risk if support for East Timorese independence was given. The national interest though can involve more than just the security issue, and the political elite when dealing with East Timor assumed that they were acting in the common good. Questions that need to be addressed include determining what is the national interest in this context? What is the effect of a government invoking the national interest in debates over issues in foreign policy? And, who should participate in the debate? In an effort to answer these questions an analysis of how the ex-foreign affairs mandarin Richard Woolcott defines the national interest becomes crucial.
Clearly, conflict in East Timor did have implications for the national interest. The invasion of East Timor by Indonesia had the potential to damage the relationship, but equally communist successes in 1975 in Indo-China raised Australia's regional security concerns. During the Cold War, the linking of communism to nationalism was driving the decision-making processes of the Australian policy-makers striving to come to grips with the strategic realities of a changing region. Because of this, did the constraints of world politics dominated by Cold War realities combined with domestic political disruption have anything to do with Australia's response?
Certainly, Australia itself was experiencing a constitutional crisis in late 1975. The Senate had blocked supply and the Labor Government did not have the funds to govern. The Governor-General by dismissing the Labor Government finally resolved the impasse. What were the reactions of the two men charged with the responsibility of forming the caretaker government toward Indonesia's military action? And, could the crisis have prevented the Australian government from making a different response to the invasion?
Importantly, and in terms of economic security, did the knowledge of oil and gas deposits thought to exist in the Timor Sea influence Australia's foreign policy? The search for oil and gas requires a stable political environment in which to operate. Therefore for exploration to continue in the Timor Sea Australia must have had a preferred political option and thoughts of with whom they preferred to negotiate. What was the extent of each government's cooperation and intervention in the oil and gas industry and could any involvement have influenced the Australian political elites attitude toward the prospect of an independent East Timor? Australia's subsequent de jure recognition that East Timor was part of Indonesia paved the way for the Timor Gap (Zone of Cooperation) Treaty signing in 1989. The signing underpinned Australia's acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty over East Timor.
The outcome of the analysis of the issues that shaped Australia's foreign policy toward East Timor showed that the political elite became locked into an integration model, which was defended by successive governments. Moreover, they formed an almost reflexive defence of Indonesia both at the domestic and international level.
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Stendal, Grant. "The politics of productivity bargaining : the two-tier wage system case /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs825.pdf.
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Kuhn, Rick. "Paradise on the instalment plan the economic thought of the Australian labour movement between the depression and the long boom /." Connect to full text, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1271.
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Ralston, Deborah Jane. "How to protect Australian workers within the APEC political-economy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996.
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This thesis develops options and strategies for Australian unions in protecting and advancing the interests of Australian workers within an internationally competitive environment. Analysis of the APEC arrangements as the trading regime in which Australian workers will be exposed is pivotal to developing these strategies. Economic liberalism and market mechanisms within Australia were adopted during the period 1983 to 1996. Features of this
direction included the deregulation of trade and financial markets, and the shift toward a decentralised and deregulated labour market. This changed focus impacted on workers, in particular in regard to wage outcomes, cash income and wealth dispersion. Unions, and workers, who had traditionally operated within a national market, are required to develop a different approach to a decentralised and deregulated environment from an international perspective. Within an internationalised environment, a different set of responses are required. The capacity for unions to respond is hampered by the international
deregulatory climate, and the conflicting views of APEC member countries to institutionalising labour issues. This requires unions to develop a broader range of strategies to mitigate against the effects that APEC will have on
Australian workers. In considering these strategies, reference is made to the social clause, international unionism and collective bargaining, "good faith" arrangements such as Codes of Conduct, and tying environmental and labour standards to trade and investment restrictions. The ability to generate worker solidarity on an international basis is also discussed. The conclusion is that the combination of a decentralised labour market in Australia and the labour arrangements within APEC does not auger well for workers.
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Leach, Michael. "Discourses of identity in Australian socialism and labourism 1887-1901 /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16511.pdf.
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Garnett, Anne Margaret. "Employment and population adjustment in rural Australia /." Canberra : University of Canberra, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20070802.130527/index.html.
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Milner, Lisa Gow K. Levy Jerome Disher Norma. "We film the facts the Waterside Workers' Federation Film Unit, 1953-1958 /." Access electronically, 2000. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070410.120748/index.html.
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Kreft, Matthias. "Grundfragen von Arbeitszeitdauerregulierungen /." Aachen : Shaker, 2001. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/330992546.pdf.
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Mota, Paulo Ricardo Tavares. "Weak and Strong Hysteresis in the Dynamics of Labor Demand." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10766.
Full textAbstract:
EconomiaDoctoral Programme in Economics
Estudos empíricos anteriores mostram que quando as decisões são tomadas num contexto de incerteza e quando existem custos de ajustamento lineares ou fixos (não convexos), as empresas não ajustam continuamente o nível de emprego de forma a acomodar choques da procura do seu produto. Consequentemente, emergem períodos de inércia o que é suficiente para produzir histerese. Nesta dissertação estuda-se a existência de histerese da dinâmica do emprego ao nível da empresa e ao nível agregado. Em primeiro lugar, efectua-se uma descrição do padrão de ajustamento do emprego a nível microeconómico e estuda-se a sua relação com três fontes de inércia: i) a existência de custos de ajustamento não convexos; ii) a existência de incerteza na dinâmica da procura agregada; iii) a possibilidade de utilização da margem intensiva de ajustamento do factor trabalho (ajustamento através do número de horas por trabalhador). Segundo, analisamos as implicações agregadas do comportamento microeconómico observado. Se ao nível microeconómico os modelos de histerese oferecem uma boa explicação para a observação empírica, ao nível macroeconómico tem-se revelado mais difícil identificar a existência de histerese na dinâmica do emprego. De facto, as séries agregadas do emprego tendem a ser mais alisadas, e por essa razão, aparentemente inconsistentes coma existência de histerese. No entanto, se tivermos em conta as diferentes propriedades da histerese fraca (histerese ao nível micro) e da histerese forte (histerese ao nível macro) e se considerarmos a existência de empresas heterogéneas, isto é, se o problema da agregação for explicitamente considerado, como deve ser na presença de custos de ajustamento não convexos, então deverá ser possível verificar a existência de sinais de histerese ao nível macroeconómico. A análise empírica foi efectuada com dados mensais de empresas industriais portuguesas ao longo de um período de 11 anos. A amostra contém informação sobre o nível de emprego e sobre o nível de horas de trabalho e sobre um conjunto de outras variáveis que podem ser utilizadas como proxies de choques. No sentido de obter uma primeira aproximação ao processo de ajustamento do emprego, efectuamos uma análise descritiva sobre a variação líquida do emprego e testamos a existência de histerese ao nível da empresa através da estimação de um modelo de resposta assimétrica do emprego, interpretado á luz do modelo de histerese Non-Ideal Relay. De forma a testar a existência de histerese na dinâmica do emprego a nível agregado, aplicamos testes construídos com base em métodos computacionais baseados no modelo de Preisach e no Linear Play Model de histerese. No sentido de comparar os resultados a nível internacional, aplicamos os testes referidos a dados agregados da OCDE e EUROSTAT de 19 países da OCDE.Concluímos que: i) existem sinais claros da existência de inércia ao nível microeconómico causada pela existência de custos de ajustamento não convexos e pela possibilidade de ajustamento através da variação do número de horas de trabalho por trabalhador; ii) os sinais de histerese que normalmente se encontram ao nível microeconómico não se desvanecessem totalmente ao nível macroeconómico; iii) as propriedades de histerese são particularmente relevantes na dinâmica do emprego das empresas pequenas; iv) encontramos evidência significativa sobre a interacção entre a flexibilidade do ajustamento do factor trabalho através da variação do número de horas de trabalho por trabalhador e a existência de histerese no emprego. Ao contrário, não encontramos evidência significativa sobre a interacção entre a existência de incerteza na dinâmica da procura agregada e a existência de histerese no emprego. Estes resultados mostram que a dinâmica do emprego a nível agregado é condicionada significativamente pela existência de um padrão de ajustamento discreto ao nível microeconómico.
Previous empirical studies have shown that when decisions are made under uncertainty and adjustment costs are fixed or linear in structure (non-convex), firms do not permanently adjust employment in order to accommodate demand shocks. Consequent to this, periods of inertia would emerge and that is sufficient to produce hysteresis. This dissertation studies the existence of hysteresis in the dynamic path of employment at the firm and aggregate level. Firstly, we describe the path of micro-level employment and we establish its relationship with three sources of inertia: i) the existence of non-convex costs of adjustment; ii) uncertainty concerning the dynamics of aggregate product demand; iii) utilization of the intensive margin of adjustment of the labor input (adjustment through hours per employee). Secondly, we analyze the aggregate implications of the observed micro behavior. If at the micro level models of hysteresis offer a good explanation for the empirical evidence, at the macro level it has been more difficult to identify the existence of hysteresis in the dynamics of employment. Aggregate series of employment tend to look smoother and, for that reason, they are apparently inconsistent with the presence of hysteresis. However, if we take into consideration the different properties of weak hysteresis (hysteresis at the micro level) and strong hysteresis (hysteresis at the macro level), and if we take into account firms heterogeneity, i.e. if the problem of aggregation is explicitly considered as it should be in the presence of non-convex costs of adjustment, it would still be possible to uncover signs of hysteresis at the macro-level. The empirical analysis was carried out with a monthly panel of Portuguese manufacturing firms spanning a period of eleven years. This dataset has information on both employment and hours of work as well as on a good set of other variables that may be taken as proxies for shocks. To obtain a first insight into the process of employment adjustment, we provide some descriptive statistics on net employment changes, and to test the existence of hysteresis at the micro level we estimate a model of employment asymmetric response with path dependence interpreted under the Non-Ideal Relay model of hysteresis. To test the existence of hysteresis in the aggregate employment dynamics, we apply tests constructed with the help of computational methods based on the Preisach Model and on the Linear Play Model of Hysteresis. To put our results in an international setting, the aggregate analysis was also made with aggregate data from OECD and EUROSTAT. We conclude that: i) there are strong signs of the existence of sources of employment inertia at micro level, caused by non-convex adjustment costs and by the adjustment of labor input through the number of hours per employee; ii) signs of hysteresis commonly found at the micro level, do not completely vanish at the macro level; iii) hysteresis properties are particularly discernible for small firms even if they are less so in the case of larger units; vi) we find strong evidence of the interrelations between the flexibility of the labor input adjustment through hours of work and the existence of aggregate employment hysteresis, but only weak evidence of the interrelations between the existence of uncertainty in the dynamics of aggregate demand and hysteresis. These findings imply that aggregate employment is significantly shaped by lumpy adjustment at the micro level.
31
Mota, Paulo Ricardo Tavares. "Weak and Strong Hysteresis in the Dynamics of Labor Demand." Tese, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10766.
Full textAbstract:
EconomiaDoctoral Programme in Economics
Estudos empíricos anteriores mostram que quando as decisões são tomadas num contexto de incerteza e quando existem custos de ajustamento lineares ou fixos (não convexos), as empresas não ajustam continuamente o nível de emprego de forma a acomodar choques da procura do seu produto. Consequentemente, emergem períodos de inércia o que é suficiente para produzir histerese. Nesta dissertação estuda-se a existência de histerese da dinâmica do emprego ao nível da empresa e ao nível agregado. Em primeiro lugar, efectua-se uma descrição do padrão de ajustamento do emprego a nível microeconómico e estuda-se a sua relação com três fontes de inércia: i) a existência de custos de ajustamento não convexos; ii) a existência de incerteza na dinâmica da procura agregada; iii) a possibilidade de utilização da margem intensiva de ajustamento do factor trabalho (ajustamento através do número de horas por trabalhador). Segundo, analisamos as implicações agregadas do comportamento microeconómico observado. Se ao nível microeconómico os modelos de histerese oferecem uma boa explicação para a observação empírica, ao nível macroeconómico tem-se revelado mais difícil identificar a existência de histerese na dinâmica do emprego. De facto, as séries agregadas do emprego tendem a ser mais alisadas, e por essa razão, aparentemente inconsistentes coma existência de histerese. No entanto, se tivermos em conta as diferentes propriedades da histerese fraca (histerese ao nível micro) e da histerese forte (histerese ao nível macro) e se considerarmos a existência de empresas heterogéneas, isto é, se o problema da agregação for explicitamente considerado, como deve ser na presença de custos de ajustamento não convexos, então deverá ser possível verificar a existência de sinais de histerese ao nível macroeconómico. A análise empírica foi efectuada com dados mensais de empresas industriais portuguesas ao longo de um período de 11 anos. A amostra contém informação sobre o nível de emprego e sobre o nível de horas de trabalho e sobre um conjunto de outras variáveis que podem ser utilizadas como proxies de choques. No sentido de obter uma primeira aproximação ao processo de ajustamento do emprego, efectuamos uma análise descritiva sobre a variação líquida do emprego e testamos a existência de histerese ao nível da empresa através da estimação de um modelo de resposta assimétrica do emprego, interpretado á luz do modelo de histerese Non-Ideal Relay. De forma a testar a existência de histerese na dinâmica do emprego a nível agregado, aplicamos testes construídos com base em métodos computacionais baseados no modelo de Preisach e no Linear Play Model de histerese. No sentido de comparar os resultados a nível internacional, aplicamos os testes referidos a dados agregados da OCDE e EUROSTAT de 19 países da OCDE.Concluímos que: i) existem sinais claros da existência de inércia ao nível microeconómico causada pela existência de custos de ajustamento não convexos e pela possibilidade de ajustamento através da variação do número de horas de trabalho por trabalhador; ii) os sinais de histerese que normalmente se encontram ao nível microeconómico não se desvanecessem totalmente ao nível macroeconómico; iii) as propriedades de histerese são particularmente relevantes na dinâmica do emprego das empresas pequenas; iv) encontramos evidência significativa sobre a interacção entre a flexibilidade do ajustamento do factor trabalho através da variação do número de horas de trabalho por trabalhador e a existência de histerese no emprego. Ao contrário, não encontramos evidência significativa sobre a interacção entre a existência de incerteza na dinâmica da procura agregada e a existência de histerese no emprego. Estes resultados mostram que a dinâmica do emprego a nível agregado é condicionada significativamente pela existência de um padrão de ajustamento discreto ao nível microeconómico.
Previous empirical studies have shown that when decisions are made under uncertainty and adjustment costs are fixed or linear in structure (non-convex), firms do not permanently adjust employment in order to accommodate demand shocks. Consequent to this, periods of inertia would emerge and that is sufficient to produce hysteresis. This dissertation studies the existence of hysteresis in the dynamic path of employment at the firm and aggregate level. Firstly, we describe the path of micro-level employment and we establish its relationship with three sources of inertia: i) the existence of non-convex costs of adjustment; ii) uncertainty concerning the dynamics of aggregate product demand; iii) utilization of the intensive margin of adjustment of the labor input (adjustment through hours per employee). Secondly, we analyze the aggregate implications of the observed micro behavior. If at the micro level models of hysteresis offer a good explanation for the empirical evidence, at the macro level it has been more difficult to identify the existence of hysteresis in the dynamics of employment. Aggregate series of employment tend to look smoother and, for that reason, they are apparently inconsistent with the presence of hysteresis. However, if we take into consideration the different properties of weak hysteresis (hysteresis at the micro level) and strong hysteresis (hysteresis at the macro level), and if we take into account firms heterogeneity, i.e. if the problem of aggregation is explicitly considered as it should be in the presence of non-convex costs of adjustment, it would still be possible to uncover signs of hysteresis at the macro-level. The empirical analysis was carried out with a monthly panel of Portuguese manufacturing firms spanning a period of eleven years. This dataset has information on both employment and hours of work as well as on a good set of other variables that may be taken as proxies for shocks. To obtain a first insight into the process of employment adjustment, we provide some descriptive statistics on net employment changes, and to test the existence of hysteresis at the micro level we estimate a model of employment asymmetric response with path dependence interpreted under the Non-Ideal Relay model of hysteresis. To test the existence of hysteresis in the aggregate employment dynamics, we apply tests constructed with the help of computational methods based on the Preisach Model and on the Linear Play Model of Hysteresis. To put our results in an international setting, the aggregate analysis was also made with aggregate data from OECD and EUROSTAT. We conclude that: i) there are strong signs of the existence of sources of employment inertia at micro level, caused by non-convex adjustment costs and by the adjustment of labor input through the number of hours per employee; ii) signs of hysteresis commonly found at the micro level, do not completely vanish at the macro level; iii) hysteresis properties are particularly discernible for small firms even if they are less so in the case of larger units; vi) we find strong evidence of the interrelations between the flexibility of the labor input adjustment through hours of work and the existence of aggregate employment hysteresis, but only weak evidence of the interrelations between the existence of uncertainty in the dynamics of aggregate demand and hysteresis. These findings imply that aggregate employment is significantly shaped by lumpy adjustment at the micro level.
32
Marchant, Sylvia. "THINGS FALL APART: The End of the United Australia Party 1939-1943." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8880.
Full textAbstract:
In the Federal Elections of August 1943 the United Australia Party(UAP), which had been in office for nearly ten consecutive years suffered a resounding defeat and the result was a landslide for Labor, giving it an absolute majority in both Houses. This thesis traces the course of the disintegration of the United Australia Party to try to fill a gap in the historiography by explaining how and why an apparently popular political party was so categorically rejected by the electorate in 1943 that it subsequently vanished from the political scene as if it had never existed.
33
Huntley, Rebecca. ""Sex on the Hustings" : labor and the construction of 'the woman voter' in two federal elections (1983, 1993)." Connect to full text, 2003. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20040209.113517/index.html.
Full text
34
Wallace, Leslie Renee. "The emergent contingent workforce." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3291253.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 14, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
35
Lavelle, Ashley, and n/a. "In the Wilderness: Federal Labor in Opposition." Griffith University. School of Politics and Public Policy, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040226.151930.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of the federal Australian Labor Party (ALP) in Opposition. It seeks to identify the various factors that shape the political direction of the party when it is out of office by examining three important periods of Labor Opposition. It is argued in the first period (1967-72) that the main factor in the partys move to the left was the radicalisation that occurred in Australian (and global) politics. Labor in Opposition is potentially more subject to influence by extra-parliamentary forces such as trade unions and social movements. This was true for this period in the case of the reinvigorated trade union movement and the Anti-Vietnam War Movement, whose policy impacts on the ALP under Gough Whitlam are examined in detail. While every one of the party's policies cannot be attributed to the tumult of the period, it is argued that Labor's Program embodied the mood for social change. The second period (1975-83) records a much different experience. After Labor's Dismissal from office in November 1975, the enduring conclusion drawn by the party was that it had failed in government as economic managers, and that in future it would need to embrace responsible economic management and to jettison programmatic-style reform. This conclusion was accepted and argued by both federal leaders during this time, Gough Whitlam (1975-77) and Bill Hayden (1977-83). The thesis argues that the key reason for Labor's abandonment of reformist politics was the dramatic shift in the economic context wrought by the collapse of the post-war boom in 1974, which undermined the economic basis of the Program. The degree to which 'economic responsibility' governed Labor's approach to policy-making is highlighted through case studies of uranium mining and the Prices-Incomes Accord. The final period of Opposition (1996-2001) commences with the partys landslide defeat at the 1996 Federal Election. Under the leadership of Kim Beazley, the party continued in the pro-free market policy tradition of Labor Prime Ministers Bob Hawke and Paul Keating. In conjunction with this, it employed a 'small-target' strategy that pitched its electoral success on community anger towards the government, rather than any alternative policies of the Opposition. The free-market policy continuity is set in the context of the ideological effects of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, in the aftermath of which all political players accepted that there was no real alternative to the market. Furthermore, the overall state of the Australian and world economies was not conducive to a return to 'tax and spend' policies. The partys bipartisanship on globalisation and economic rationalism effectively robbed it of an alternative political approach to that of the Coalition. Thus, in a sense it was hemmed into the 'small-target' strategy. The thesis concludes by comparing and contrasting the three periods, and assigning weight to the various factors that shape Labor in Opposition.
36
Reinecke, Femke. "Leistungsbestimmung des Arbeitnehmers /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : P. Lang, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015611371&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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37
Shi, Dailun. "Job scheduling and workforce allocation in flow shops with partial resource flexibility." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31037.
Full text
38
Oet, Pui-kuen, and 屈沛權. "A study of the five-day week policy of the HKSAR Government." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38645981.
Full text
39
Flutter, Chlöe. "A regional perspective on the French 35 hour week policy : tracing policy-making and implementation from nord-Pas-de-Calais to Paris." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1f981bd7-5f74-487c-be60-e8c481dcae4b.
Full textAbstract:
In 1998, the French Socialist Government reduced the statutory workweek to 35 hours. This work time reduction policy was implemented in response to the country's chronic unemployment problem, which had seen unemployment average over 10% during the previous decade. The 35 hour week sought to reduce unemployment by spreading the existing stock of jobs more widely and by stimulating job creation. This policy choice was received with considerable scepticism from commentators outside of France. Critics argued that the 35 hour week diverged too greatly from the international orthodoxy of a flexible and deregulated labour market and, given the convergence pressures caused by contemporary globalisation, would reduce French competitiveness. The implication was that governments no longer had the freedom to implement employment policy that diverged from the international norm. In this thesis, I reconsider this argument. I undertake a political economy analysis of the use of work time reduction policy in France from the perspective of the regional labour market of Nord-Pas-de-Calais. In doing so, I focus on the implementation of the 35 hour week policy in this high unemployment region. In addition, I focus on the regional work time reduction policy implemented in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, which predated the national 35 hour week policy and was the source of several of its key features. Thus, I provide a regional perspective on the French 35 hour week policy, an alternative to the 'top down' perspective taken by its critics. Throughout this research, I concentrate on three key issues: (1) the logic of work time reduction policy within the local labour market in France, using Nord-Pas-de-Calais as my case study; (2) the method of policy-making and the importance of geographic scale; and (3) the viability of France's work time reduction policy in the face of globalisation. My aim is to understand the policy process that led to this policy choice, to appreciate how traditions of economic governance influenced its formation and implementation in the local labour market, and to study how these traditions influenced the ability of work time reduction policy to reduce unemployment. I show, first, that French traditions of labour market governance, on which work time reduction policy is based, continue to have meaning in the local labour market, with the public continuing to demand policy consistent with its ideals. Second, I show that scale contributes to policy outcomes and policy innovation, suggesting the importance of geographic factors in the policy, process, such as the spatial match between the policy and policy problem, the transfer of policy between scales, and issues such as proximity and homogeneity. Third, I show that the success of work time reduction policy is largely dependent upon socially determined factors including effective negotiation, preferences between work and leisure, and empathy for the unemployed. Fourth, I show that the 35 hour week policy was not incompatible with international demands for labour market flexibility because it provided significant scope for productivity gains via its design and increased flexibility in the use of work time, albeit within constraints. Therefore, by examining the making and implementation of work time reduction policy in France from a regional perspective, I show that while globalisation places genuine exogenous constraints on the policy choices of government, there nonetheless remains considerable scope within these constraints, especially when implementing policy that is compatible with traditions of governance that continue to resonate in the local labour market.
40
Zwickl, Klara, Franziska Disslbacher, and Sigrid Stagl. "Work-sharing for a sustainable economy." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4564/1/EcolEcon_WorkingPaper_2015_4.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Achieving low unemployment in an environment of weak growth is a major policy challenge;
a more egalitarian distribution of hours worked could be the key to solving it. Whether worksharing
actually increases employment, however, has been debated controversially. In this
article we present stylized facts on the distribution of hours worked and discuss the role of
work-sharing for a sustainable economy. Building on recent developments in labor market
theory we review the determinants of working long hours and its effect on well-being. Finally,
we survey work-sharing reforms in the past. While there seems to be a consensus that worksharing
in the Great Depression in the U.S. and in the Great Recession in Europe was successful in reducing employment losses, perceptions of the work-sharing reforms
implemented between the 1980s and early 2000s are more ambivalent. However, even the most critical evaluations of these reforms provide no credible evidence of negative
employment effects; instead, the overall success of the policy seems to depend on the economic and institutional setting, as well as the specific details of its implementation. (authors' abstract)Series: Ecological Economic Papers
41
Masuyama, Mei. "Policy Alternatives to Employment Overwork in Japan." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2232.
Full textAbstract:
Japanese workers are facing a threat of literal death from working too hard. In 1978, karōshi, defined as death or severe disability from overwork, was added to the Japanese dictionary. Japan is recognized as having one of the worst working conditions in the developed world with awfully long working hours. This thesis deconstructs the underlying psychological, cultural and economic reasons that contribute to the long working hours in Japanese companies. Then, this thesis examines the previous and current efforts by the Japanese, South Korean and German governments to reduce working hours in their countries to prevent the fatal consequences of overwork. It concludes by recommending the Japanese government to continue the research on overtime and death, raise awareness through education and outreach, enforce strict labor laws, and to adopt a method of flexible working hours.
42
Hawke, Anne. "Full- and part-time work and wages : an application to two countries." Phd thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123363.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the extent of the wage differentials between
females working full- and part-time in Australia and the United States, the
causes of these differentials and the effect these differentials have on the
aggregate ratio of female to male wages in both countries.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge in three ways. Firstly, it
documents the magnitude and sign of the male/female wage ratio and the
full/part-time wage ratio for countries which include Australia and the United
States. For both Australia and the United States, the average male wage per
hour was estimated to exceed the average female wage per hour. For the
United States, consistent with evidence from other international evidence,
wages of full-time workers were estimated to exceed those of part-time
workers. However, for Australia, part-time hourly wages were estimated to
exceed full-time hourly wages by around 20 percent.
Secondly, this thesis draws upon the theories of human capital,
segmented labour markets and efficiency wage to develop a model which
explains individual's wages. From this model, the roles of human capital
endowments, sample selection, occupations and institutions in determining the
wage differential between full- and part-time workers was estimated. For
Australia, differences in the endowments were not found to be an important
factor in determining the causes of the wage differential between full- and
part-time workers. For the United States, however, differences in the level of
endowments were estimated to be important in explaining the wage
differential between females working full- and part-time. Sample selection
effects were estimated to be important in explaining the wage differential
between females working full- and part-time in both countries. This effect was interpreted as indicating that in Australia, higher hourly wages are
inducing ’better' quality workers into the part-time labour market.
Unexplained differences (such as discrimination and productivity differences)
were also found to be important in explaining the wage differential between
females working full- and part-time in the United States, but not in Australia.
This finding lead us to examine the role of occupations and institutions in
explaining the full- and part-time wage differential.
Thirdly, an estimate of the effect of part-time work and wages on the
overall wage ratio between males and females was undertaken. For Australia,
including part-time workers explicitly into the gender wage analysis decreased
the gender wage differential estimate derived for full-time workers by 5
percentage points to 19 percent. For the United States, explicitly including
part-time workers into an estimate of the gender wage differential increased
the estimate from the full-time gender wage analysis by 4 percentage points to
40 percent.
43
Van, Wanrooy Brigid. "Life be in it : Australians' preference for a working hours norm." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151651.
Full text
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Kim, Woo-Yung. "Wages, hours, earnings and employment under unionism." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8799.
Full textAbstract:
Most studies on unions have concentrated on examining the union impact on wages.
This thesis, in two essays, examines the union impact on wages, hours, earnings and
employment, particularly focussing on the union impact on hours of work.
The first essay summarizes previous theoretical union models which normally assume
fixed hours of work and extends them so that hours as well as wages and employment
can be determined by collective bargaining. Three kinds of union models are employed
to examine union impacts on hours as well as union impacts on wages and employment:
the monopoly union model (Oswald [1982]), the right to manage model (Nickell [1981];
Nickell and Andrews [1983]) and the efficient contracts model (McDonald and Solow
[1980]). The predicted union impact on hours and employment is found to be ambiguous
while the union impact on wages is found to be positive.
The second essay is concerned with estimating union-nonunion wage, hours and earn
ings differentials. Using the 1990 Labour Market Activity Survey, this essay finds that
(1) union-nonunion hours differentials are ambiguous for males, but they are positive for
females,
(2) employers in the union sector extract more hours from more able workers and this
contributes greatly to the positive union-nonunion hours differential and
(3) union-nonunion hours differentials are smaller for males than for females and as a
result, union-nonunion earnings differentials are larger for females than for males.
45
Chien, Yu-Chun, and 簡羽君. "Whit Coat Labor: A Study of Physicians’ Working Hours." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93406728902611914701.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
科技與社會研究所
100
For a long period, physicians had been a very respectful and lucrative profession in Taiwan, however, the situation had changed dramatically in recent years. While the cases of physicians’ burnout and Karoshi increased, mass media started to publish some special issues on “sweat hospitals”. There were more and more discussions on physicians’ overwork. In this thesis, I explore why physicians had been excluded from the Labor Standers Law in Taiwan, and how and why physicians’ identities had changed from professionals to labors. My research methods and materials include the analysis of archival documents and media reports, and participatory action research. Social worlds theory framework and methods were applied in this research. After literature review, I found that Taiwan is almost absent in the research of physicians’ working conditions. To describe the social and historical contexts of physicians in Taiwan, I review the medical education system, the hospital accreditation system, and the establishment of National Insurance. I found many different voices and groups within the simple classification of “physicians”. Other than individual differences, different voices came from the hierarchies in the hospitals. In the fourth chapter, I described the disagreements and cooperations between the sub worlds of physicians. In the fifth chapter, I explore the controversies of physician’s identities as labors. Both government and non-government organizations (NGOs) were studied in this chapter. I described how different department of the government had reacted to the issues of physicians’ overwork, and why some of the NGOs cooperated with the physicians in their plea for better working conditions Further, I discussed how the physicians’ self-identity had transformed in the process. I applied social worlds theory to describe how different social worlds conflicted and/or corporate in the arena of physicians’ overwork, and how these social worlds attempt to contest the legitimacy and dominance. Through the thorough description of the controversies from a perspective of science, technology and society, it might be helpful in improving and implementing regulations on physicians’ working condition in Taiwan.
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Woodward, Michael R. "Regression models of quarterly indirect labor hours for NARF Alameda/." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22453.
Full textAbstract:
Since overhead costs for indirect labor account for a large percentage of the Naval Air Rework Facility's (NARF) total budget, it is essential that management be able to predict these costs accurately. The research performed in this thesis uses data from the major cost centers which comprise NARF Alameda. Regression models of their indirect labor to be used for forecasting purposes were developed. Quarterly data were used in the analysis, requiring transformation of the data to eliminate the effects of autocorrelation. The Durbin-Watson test was used to check for the effects of first-order autocorrelation and Wallis' test was used for fourth-order autocorrelation. Once the effects of autocorrelation were eliminated, excellent structural results were obtained for twelve of the thirteen cost centers of interest. Predictive analysis performed using withheld data showed the final models can be expected to yield reliable forecasts
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Chen, Yueh-lii, and 陳月里. "Flexible Working Hours of Human Resources Management and Labor Relation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33027222588417818823.
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碩士國立中央大學
人力資源管理研究所
100
For years, Germany, UK, Netherland and Demark have deployed the flexible working hours system under integrated supporting measures and mechanism. This study, from national point of view probe into national policy of implementing flexible working hours, and further to the different enterprises in the country. Example, Volkswagen in Germany signed collective agreement of decreasing working hours as a substitute in paying high amount of severance as dismissal. This becomes a pioneer policy in working hours. Heineken of Netherland, with the “Platform of working smart “, via new technology and new organization type to reach better labor-enterprise relationship. The TOKYU Department store in Japan, deploy a mechanism named “free time employee“ which attract applicants who willing to join according to vacancy provided. In the pragmatic study, this research enters a domestic retail cashier flexible work shift system. After the implementation, the conduct of customer satisfaction survey result an improvement of waiting time in cashier line and friendliness. The other part is using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The sample survey reveal, the flexible working shift system has positive influence to cashiers who are double income and family with kids. In the other hand, this system influential to working performance, cashier who are junior has senior cashier accompany with could bring better working performance, due to senior cashier are familiar with company operating system than junior. As to education level, the cashiers who are high school and high school below performs better performance which depends on their demand for flexible working hours.
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LI, SI-YI, and 李思怡. "A Study on Japan Labor Standards Act of Flexible Working-Hours System and Provisions of Exceptions Related to Working Hours." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85xfmr.
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碩士國立中正大學
法律系研究所
105
The main content of this paper is about Japan flexible working-hours system and Japan provisions of exceptions related to working hours. To construct the provisions of exceptions related to working hours in Taiwan by the study of Japanese law. The paper is focus on Japan Labor Standards Act Article 38-3, Article 38-4, and Article 41. And through the study on the effectiveness and implementation of law, try to seek for reference to improvements in Taiwan Labor Standards Act Article 84-1. nd according to the Labor Standards Act Article 84-1 as the center, reference to Japanese law system to make up the procedure missing on the Labor Standards Act Article 84-1 and establish a complete judgment benchmark. Try to improve the definition of void and procedural requirements, and put forward preliminary suggestions, construct a more flexible working time system.
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LIU, SU-WEN, and 劉素文. "Comparing the Administration Management of Local Hospital with Labor Law — Centered on Work Hours and Labor Agreements." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4745yp.
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碩士高苑科技大學
經營管理研究所
106
There are four types of medical institution in Taiwan: Academic Medical Centers (AMC), Metropolitan Hospitals (MH), Local Community Hospitals (LCH), and Primary Clinics (PC). Classified medicine has been actively promoted by National Health Insurance Administration. However, since the launch of National Health Insurance (NHI), medical system in Taiwan has polarized, with growing numbers of AMC and PC, and with LCH decreasing by 200 units. According to the statistics, since 1995, when the NHI started, Contracted Medical Care Institutions has grown from 15 thousand units to over 27 thousand units, numbers including AMC that has increased from 13 to 26 units, PC that has increased by 3 thousand units, and LCH that has decreased from 568 to 370 units. Researches by Control Yuan have pointed out that NHI greatly advantages the major hospitals, making local ones less competitive and start to decrease. This research discusses the administration management of a certain LCH along with Labor Law, looking into how complying with working hours and labor contracts thereof benefit the management of human resource and minimize the impact by limitations on working hours at LCH. In the past, human resources and labor rights in mecial system were largely ignored; therefore, the cost of labors failed to reflect the difficulty of medical institute operation. In the future, laborors’ rights should be prioritized; through public interations in labor-management conferences, the matching power between the both parties should be pursued, as well as thorough improvement of laboring conditions and the legislations of medical policies and revised health insurance system. In the process, there might be fights, hardships, and contrioversials, but the whole society can be progressing toward a positive trend where citizens, government, nurses, and medicals all win.
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Chang, Allan, and 張文檀. "The Influence of Labor Standard Law on Employment Adjustment and Hours Adjustment." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78736632161183852295.
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