Academic literature on the topic 'Hot working results'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hot working results"
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Wang, Heng, Shukun Cao ※, Quancheng Dong, Yi Cui, Zijian Cao, Shuqiang Xu, Xiangwen Song, and Hao Shen. "Optimization and control of working parameters of hot blast furnace." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502030.
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In order to improve the working efficiency of hot blast stoves, reduce environmental pollution, reduce labor intensity and improve combustion efficiency, this paper uses ANSYS software to simulate the temperature field and flow field of the hot blast stove, and uses the PID controller to realize the automatic control of the hot blast stove. The model and working principle of the hot blast stove are briefly introduced. The operating parameters (blowing fan air flow, coal intake) of the hot blast stove are briefly studied. The results show that the amount of air flow of the blast furnace depends on the coal intake of the hot blast stove, which is generally per kilogram of coal. 8m3-10m3- air is required. When the coal intake is 120kg/h and the air volume of the blower is 1200m3/h, the hot blast stove can work stably with high efficiency. The results obtained are input into the database for later combustion. The work provides a theoretical basis.
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Popa, Mihai, Bogdan Pricop, Elena Mihalache, Leandru Gheorghe Bujoreanu, and Nicoleta Monica Lohan. "Hot Working Effects on the Damping Behavior of Shape Memory Alloys." Materials Science Forum 907 (September 2017): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.907.180.
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Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys (SMAs) were analysed in two different processing states: (i) hot-forged and (ii) hot-rolled. Both hot-forged and hot-rolled specimens were cut into lamellar configuration, before being homogenized (1073 K/ 18 ks/ water) and tempered (373, 473, 573, 673 K/ 300 s/ water). From each of the five differently treated lamellas, in hot-forged and hot-rolled states, rectangular specimens were cut for dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The remaining segments were sectioned into metallographic specimens. The metallographic specimens were embedded into could mounting resin, ground, polished and etched for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -observations. DMA results revealed the influence of plastic deformation procedure and heat treatment temperature on the reversible martensitic transformation.
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Bartkowiak, Grażyna, and Pamela Miśkiewicz. "Firefighters’ preferences regarding underwear – survey results." Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 564, no. 9 (September 21, 2018): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4721.
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People working as firefighters are frequently exposed to heat factors such as flame or hot objects and surfaces associated with the work environment. As a result of the combination of protective clothing and physical effort in the hot microclimate, unfavorable hydrothermal conditions are formed under clothing, causing serious thermal discomfort. Improving comfort and safety of firefighters can be obtained among others through properly selected underwear clothing made from materials supporting the removal of sweat, water vapour and heat, limiting the accumulation of heat. In order to obtain information about the clothing worn under protective clothing and underwear which is most often used and to recognize preferences and expectations in this area, a survey was carried out among firefighters who are exposed to heat factors during fire-fighting activities.
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Wang, Heng, Shukun Cao, Yi Cui, Zijian Cao, and Shuqiang Xu. "Analysis of temperature field of grain and drying medium for grain drying integrated mechanical device." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817502024.
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In order to improve the working efficiency of the drying tower and the hot blast stove in the process of grain drying, this paper proposes a method to solve the problems of air pollution and energy waste caused by excessive combustion or insufficient combustion of the hot blast stove. Based on finite element analysis, this paper uses ANSYS software to simulate the drying process of grain. This paper briefly introduces the grain drying device model and working mechanism, analyzes the temperature field of the drying device, and studies the influence on the drying effect of the working parameters (hot water, hot air, hot air hot blast stove combustion temperature) during the grain drying process. The results show that the hot air temperature is 85°C, the hot water temperature is 90°C, the combustion chamber temperature is 480°C, the grain drying effect is good, the combustion efficiency of the combustion furnace is the best, and the energy utilization rate is the highest.
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Zhang, Yan Shu, and Yan Sun. "Investigation on Constitutive Equations for TA15 during Hot Working." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1492.
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Hot compression tests were conducted on Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator for TA15 titanium alloy at temperatures of 750~1050 °C and at strain rate of 0.001 ~ 1 s with a deformation reduction of 60%. The results show that the flow stress of TA15 titanium alloy increases rapidly to a peak with deformation strain, then decreases to a saturation status. The steady and peak stress significantly decreases with deformation temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing. The activation energies (Q) are 619.264kJ/mol in (α+β) phase and 522.58kJ/mol in β phase, respectively. It was found that the parameters, peak stress σp, steady stress σres, peak strain εp and steady strain εres, have linear relationships with Zenner-Hollomon parameter, Z.
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Cebulski, Janusz, Dorota Pasek, Bartosz Chmiela, Magdalena Popczyk, Andrzej Szymon Swinarew, Arkadiusz Stanula, Zbigniew Waśkiewicz, and Beat Knechtle. "Evaluation of Structure and Corrosion Behavior of FeAl Alloy after Crystallization, Hot Extrusion and Hot Rolling." Materials 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092041.
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The paper presents the results of tests on the corrosion resistance of Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy after casting, plastic working using extrusion and rolling methods. Examination of the microstructure of the Fe40Al5Cr0.2TiB alloy after casting and after plastic working was performed on an Olympus GX51 light microscope. The stereological relationships of the alloy microstructure in the state after crystallization and after plastic working were determined. The quantitative analysis of the structure was conducted after testing with the EBSD INCA HKL detector and the Nordlys II analysis system (Channel 5), which was equipped with the Hitachi S-3400N microscope. Structure tests and corrosion tests were performed on tests cut perpendicular to the ingot axis, extrusion direction, and rolling direction. As a result of the tests, it was found that the crystallized alloy has better corrosion resistance than plastically processed material. Plastic working increases the intensity of the electrochemical corrosion of the examined alloy. It was found that as-cast alloy is the most resistant to corrosion in a 5% NaCl compared with the alloys after hot extrusion and after hot rolling. The parameters in this study show the smallest value of the corrosion current density and corrosion rate as well as the more positive value of corrosion potential.
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Alcelay, Ignacio, Esteban Peña, and Anas Al Omar. "Hot working behaviour and processing maps of duplex cast steel." International Journal of Materials Research 112, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 518–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2021-8242.
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Abstract In this paper the hot working behaviour of medium carbon duplex cast steel is studied using uniaxial hot compression tests over a temperature range varying from 700 ˚C to 1 000 °C and at different strain rates ranging from 10–4 to 10–1 s–1. A model based on a variant of a dynamic materials model was employed to construct processing maps. These maps delineate the safe and unsafe domains. The safe domains, associated with dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery, can be chosen to optimize the hot workability of the studied material. Whereas, the unsafe domain is to be avoided because it is associated with plastic deformation instabilities. The domain associated with dynamic recrystallization is centred at 1000 °C and 10–4 s–1 with a peak energy dissipation efficiency of about 40%, while the domain associated with dynamic recovery is centred at 700 °C and 10–4 s–1 with a peak energy dissipation efficiency of about 27%. The unsafe hot working domain, spread over the entire temperature range and moderate to high strain rates, predicts the appearance of flow instabilities, in the form of shear bands and intergranular cracks. To validate the obtained results, microstructural observations corresponding to different processing conditions are presented.
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Zhang, Xiao Ping, and Wen Zhang Chen. "Experimental Research on Hot Working Property of Monel K-500 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.87.
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Monel K-500 alloy is an important nickel-based corrosion resistant material with excellent corrosion resistant ability in various corrosion circumstances (include electrochemical and chemical corrosion) and good mechanical properties. However, Monel K-500 alloy is also a sensitive material to high temperature. Hot working process has significant effect on its working character and quality. In view of existing problems in domestic manufacturing enterprises, some experiments were carried out in different working temperature, deformation degree and strain rate to investigate the performance of Monel K-500 alloy in hot working process. The research results show that moderate temperature, higher strain rate and deformation degree will be favorable to improve crystal structure and mechanical property of Monel K-500 Alloy.
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Li, Lei, Yu Qi Chen, Qiang Li, and Guo Jie Huang. "Study on the Microstructures and Properties of the Lead-Free Easy-Cutting Bial-Brass." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1057.
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Traditional lead brass products pollute the environment and do harm to the human health. Fabrication of the new kind of the brass without lead is an urgent task. Bi-brass is the most popular lead-free easy-cutting brass. However, its mechanical and hot-working properties are not satisfied. In present paper, aluminum element was added into the Bi-brass alloy in order to improve the alloy’s mechanical and hot-working property. Experiment results showed that the aluminum can increase the surface tension of the Bi and change the existing morphology of Bi from film-like into particle-like. Therefore, the ingot’s hot-working property is excellent. Experiment results showed that even the extrusion ration reaches 256, the ingot still can be extruded into rod successfully. Experiment results also indicated that the homogenizing annealing treatment on the ingot and addition of the rare earth La did not improve the mechanical properties or the machinability.
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Lin, Y. C., and Xiao-Min Chen. "A critical review of experimental results and constitutive descriptions for metals and alloys in hot working." Materials & Design 32, no. 4 (April 2011): 1733–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.048.
Full textBooks on the topic "Hot working results"
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Hibbert, D. Brynn. Quality Assurance in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162127.001.0001.
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Analytical chemical results touch everyones lives can we eat the food? do I have a disease? did the defendant leave his DNA at the crime scene? should I invest in that gold mine? When a chemist measures something how do we know that the result is appropriate? What is fit for purpose in the context of analytical chemistry? Many manufacturing and service companies have embraced traditional statistical approaches to quality assurance, and these have been adopted by analytical chemistry laboratories. However the right chemical answer is never known, so there is not a direct parallel with the manufacture of ball bearings which can be measured and assessed. The customer of the analytical services relies on the quality assurance and quality control procedures adopted by the laboratory. It is the totality of the QA effort, perhaps first brought together in this text, that gives the customer confidence in the result. QA in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory takes the reader through all aspects of QA, from the statistical basics and quality control tools to becoming accredited to international standards. The latest understanding of concepts such as measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability are explained for a working chemist or her client. How to design experiments to optimize an analytical process is included, together with the necessary statistics to analyze the results. All numerical manipulation and examples are given as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets that can be implemented on any personal computer. Different kinds of interlaboratory studies are explained, and how a laboratory is judged in proficiency testing schemes is described. Accreditation to ISO 17025 or OECD GLP is nearly obligatory for laboratories of any pretension to quality. Here the reader will find an introduction to the requirements and philosophy of accreditation. Whether completing a degree course in chemistry or working in a busy analytical laboratory, this book is a single source for an introduction into quality assurance.
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Peebles, P. J. E. Cosmology's Century. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196022.001.0001.
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Modern cosmology began a century ago with Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity and his notion of a homogenous, philosophically satisfying cosmos. This book is the story of how generations of scientists built on these thoughts and many new measurements to arrive at a well-tested physical theory of the structure and evolution of our expanding universe. This book offers an unparalleled personal perspective on how the field developed. The author was at the forefront of many of the greatest discoveries of the past century, making fundamental contributions to our understanding of the presence of helium and microwave radiation from the hot big bang, the measures of the distribution and motion of ordinary matter, and the new kind of dark matter that allows us to make sense of these results. Taking readers from the field's beginnings, the book describes how scientists working in independent directions found themselves converging on a theory of cosmic evolution interesting enough to warrant the rigorous testing it passes so well. The book explores the major advances—some inspired by remarkable insights or perhaps just lucky guesses—as well as the wrong turns taken and the roads not explored. It shares recollections from major players in this story and provides a rare, inside look at how natural science is really done. The book also emphasizes where the present theory is incomplete, suggesting exciting directions for continuing research.
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Amazigo, Uche. The development of community directed treatment for tackling river blindness. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 tells the story of how African researchers developed a way of engaging rural communities themselves in delivering and monitoring the treatment—with spectacular results. The author describes the difficulties faced in bringing together all the participants, aligning organizational and national interests, working in post-conflict situations, and developing the network of villages and community distributors. It shows how she and her colleagues succeeded through a rigorous and energetic approach, and through supporting the local people.
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McCrory Calarco, Jessica. Coached for the Classroom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634438.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 explores how parents coach children to use class-based strategies for managing challenges at school and how children internalize those lessons. Middle-class parents felt a deep responsibility for their children’s academic success, and they taught children to secure that success using strategies of influence. Middle-class children thereby learned that when they encountered problems at school, they should use their teachers as resources, avoid consequences, and be assertive in seeking support. Working-class parents felt primarily responsible for their children’s character development. Reflecting on their own experience in school, they worried that teachers might punish students who complained or sought special favors. Thus, working-class parents taught their children to practice strategies of deference. As a result, working-class students learned to treat teachers with respect, take responsibility for their actions, and tackle problems on their own.
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Meyer, Stephen. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040054.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter briefly examines the roots and evolution of working-class manhood. It shows how working-class masculine identity had many roots. The relations of social class, gender, race, and ethnicity influenced and shaped male attitudes, values, and behaviors. Most important, boys becoming men, young men, and adult men fashioned and refashioned their manliness in a variety of all-male settings—such as the workplace. The workplace was central to the forming, nurturing, widening, and deepening of this masculine culture. Generally, this working-class masculine culture has surfaced in two distinct forms—a respectable culture and a rough one. Though analytically quite discrete, these two contradictory forms might result from either personal disposition or social position. Yet they sometimes coexisted with, overlapped with, or blended into each other.
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Roll, Jarod. Poor Man's Fortune. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469656298.001.0001.
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White working-class conservatives have played a decisive role in American history, particularly in their opposition to social justice movements, radical critiques of capitalism, and government help for the poor and sick. While this pattern is largely seen as a post-1960s development, Poor Man’s Fortune tells a different story, excavating the long history of white working-class conservatism in the century from the Civil War to World War II. With a close study of metal miners in the Tri-State district of Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, Jarod Roll reveals why successive generations of white, native-born men willingly and repeatedly opposed labor unions and government-led health and safety reforms, even during the New Deal.With painstaking research, Roll shows how the miners' choices reflected a deep-seated, durable belief that hard-working American white men could prosper under capitalism, and exposes the grim costs of this view for these men and their communities, for organized labor, and for political movements seeking a more just and secure society. Roll's story shows how American inequalities are in part the result of a white working-class conservative tradition driven by grassroots assertions of racial, gendered, and national privilege.
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Godsey, Lisa. Interior Design Materials and Specifications. 4th ed. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501360848.
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This complete guide to the selection of materials for interiors has been updated to reflect the most recent materials on the market and contemporary awareness on industry movements like sustainability. Written from the viewpoint of the working designer, Interior Design Materials and Specifications, 4th Edition, describes each material's characteristics and teaches students how to evaluate, select, and specify materials, taking into account factors including code compliance, building standards, sustainability guidelines, human needs, and bidding processes. Students will learn how to communicate with suppliers and vendors to achieve the results they envision and how to avoid some of the pitfalls common to material selection and specification.
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Martin, Christopher. No Longer Newsworthy. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501735257.001.0001.
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Workers in the U.S. have been increasingly invisible since the late 1960s, as the news media shifted their focus to upscale audiences and lost sight of the American working class. This bookcharts the decline of labor reporting and the shift in worker news narratives from a labor-based to a consumer-based perspective during the twentieth century. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, most American newspapers became part of large, publicly traded media companies and refocused their target market from a mass audience to upscale readership. America’s white working class, a segment of the broader working class cut adrift from mainstream journalism, eventually found the rising conservative media – right-wing newspapers, Christian television, vitriolic talk radio, Fox News, and later a host of conservative web sites that specialize in stoking white, working class grievances. The newspaper industry’s upscale turn resulted in a momentous fallout: the decline of labor reporting, changing narratives about workers, the popular deployment of frames tagging labor unions and pro-worker policies as “job killers,” the loss of political voice for the working class, the rise of conservative media, and the conditions for a Donald Trump presidency.
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Sætre, Glenn-Peter, and Mark Ravinet. Evolutionary Genetics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830917.001.0001.
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Evolutionary genetics is the study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary change. With the recent explosion in the availability of whole genome sequence data, vast quantities of genetic data are being generated at an ever-increasing pace with the result that programming has become an essential tool for researchers. Most importantly, a thorough understanding of evolutionary principles is essential for making sense of this genetic data. This up-to-date textbook covers all the major components of modern evolutionary genetics, carefully explaining fundamental processes such as mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation, together with their consequences. In addition to the text, study questions are provided to motivate the reader to think and reflect on the concepts in each chapter. Practical experience is essential when it comes to developing an understanding of how to use genetic data to analyze and address interesting questions in the life sciences and how to interpret results in meaningful ways. Throughout the book, a series of online, computer-based tutorials serves as an introduction to programming and analysis of evolutionary genetic data centered on the R programming language, which stands out as an ideal all-purpose platform to handle and analyze such data. The book and its online materials take full advantage of the authors’ own experience in working in a post-genomic revolution world, and introduce readers to the plethora of molecular and analytical methods that have only recently become available.
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Kiddey, Rachael. Homeless Heritage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746867.001.0001.
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Homeless Heritage describes the process of using archaeological methodologies to collaboratively document how contemporary homeless people use and experience the city. Drawing on fieldwork undertaken in Bristol and York, the book first describes the way in which archaeological methods and theory have come to be usefully applied to the contemporary world, before exploring the historical development of the concept of homelessness. Working with homeless people, the author undertook surveys and two excavations of contemporary homeless sites, and the team co-curated two public heritage exhibitions - with surprising results. Complementing a growing body of literature that details how collaborative and participatory heritage projects can give voice to marginalised groups, Homeless Heritage details what it means to be homeless in twenty-
Book chapters on the topic "Hot working results"
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Silveira, Sofia A. M., Joelma Choma, Roberto Pereira, Eduardo M. Guerra, and Luciana A. M. Zaina. "UX Work in Software Start-Ups: Challenges from the Current State of Practice." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78098-2_2.
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AbstractSoftware start-ups develop innovative software products working with disruptive technologies in time pressure and market-driven environment. Recently, User eXperience (UX) has become a hot topic that interests software teams of start-ups. However, software and UX professionals have struggled to match UX practices into the development activities, partially because of the lack of resources in the start-ups. This paper investigates how software start-ups handle UX activities during software development and how relevant UX is to these companies’ professionals. To achieve our aim, we surveyed 88 professionals who take part in software teams in star-ups, analyzing the responses using descriptive and statistical methods. Our results reveal that regardless of having or not a UX position in the start-up, UX practices are spread in different software development phases and not fitting into them. Results also show although professionals consider UX relevant and recognize important skills to perform UX activities, some obstacles hinder the effective use of UX in software start-ups. From the survey results, we identified a set of challenges to be overcome in consolidating the UX work in software start-ups. By diagnosing the UX state-of-practice in start-up scenarios and identifying such challenges, our work contributes to provides relevant insights to further academic and practical studies in this field.
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Ardito, Chiara, and Maria Fleischmann. "Health, Working Conditions and Retirement." In Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes, 161–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_9.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the working environment as determinant of retirement (section “Working Conditions as Determinants of Retirement”) and its role as mediator of the health effects of retirement (section “The Health Effect of Retirement”).In the first Section on “Working Conditions as Determinants of Retirement”, we summarize studies showing that having a good job is an important aspect of individuals’ retirement decisions. Mostly positive working conditions appear to contribute to individuals’ later retirement, but adverse working conditions not necessarily relate to earlier retirement. Moreover, adverse conditions can be buffered when combined with high job control, job resources or social support.In the Section on “The Health Effect of Retirement”, we focus on how retirement affects health in both theoretical and applied studies, suggesting that the inconclusiveness illustrated in theories is also evident in empirical work. Previous studies, however, vary largely regarding the adopted (1) health outcomes, (2) study designs, (3) definition of retirement and (4) the type of work performed before retirement. These four factors could explain the inconsistencies of the results. We finally focus on the latter factor, showing that the effect of retirement on health tends to be positive for workers retiring from low quality or more demanding jobs.Our chapter concludes with policy advices regarding how to promote longer and healthy working lives and a discussion of relevant groups to pay attention to.
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Sivasubramaniyan, V., and K. Venkataramaniah. "Focal Increased Radiopharmaceutical Uptake Differentiation Using Quantitative Indices." In Radiopharmaceuticals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99065.
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Focal increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in a lesion results in focal Hot Spots in the scans. This can occur in benign infective or inflammatory disorders and cancerous diseases as well. Comparison between malignant and benign lesions is important. The Hot spots can be classified into benign and malignant lesions by Spatial Scintimetry or Temporal Scintimetry. Spatial Scintimetry compares the uptake in the region of interest with the adjacent tissue or the unaffected contralateral site. The quantitative indices are lesion/non lesion ratio, lesion/background activity and lesion to Bone ratio etc. The Temporal Scintimetry relies on the changes in the counts or uptake in the Hotspot lesion with reference to the dual point time of acquisition. The Hotspot in the bone scan can be classified using the quantitative index of retention ratio by Dr. V. Siva and Israel. In PET studies the focal hot spots can be differentiated into benign and malignant lesion using the dual phase PETCT evaluation using the Rong’s Retention ratio and Dr. V. Siva’s modified RRI values.
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İsmail Tosun, Yıldırım. "Microwave Caustic Slurry Carbonation of Flue Gas of Coal Power Plants in Double Hot Tube Bed for CO2 Sequestration." In Carbon Capture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94976.
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There have been very few transport studies of caustic alkali slurry (metal fines-caustic alkali salt mixture). Bath serpentinite particle size changed the heat conductivity to salt bath. A major reason is that the retention time in fixed film processes is longer than in solid–gas processes. This allows more time to the heat absorption for cracking to the desorbed persistent compounds. Furthermore, heavy serpantinite allows an sufficient intimate contact between coal and biomass surface pores and gas atmosphere in the furnace due to more pyrolysis gas desorption. For seeing the sustainability sequestration and environmental concerns in feasibility sight, the microwave heating technologies encompassing natural carbonation, precipitates for soil remediation and toxic gas sorption was offered to be adopted in Şırnak Asphaltite/Batman Oil Fields cases. In many places, amine sequestration techniques can work synergistically for better results. This study determines to a great extent both the high rate and degree of carbonation under pressurized sludge at 5–10 bar so it was found that, a porous sludge bath over 45% sludge was more efficiently conducted even at a low amount serpantinite slime weight rate, below weight rate of 15%.
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Minh Phu, Nguyen, and Nguyen Van Hap. "Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection and Entropy Generation of Water near Density Inversion in a Cavity Having Circular and Elliptical Body." In Fluid-Structure Interaction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95301.
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In this chapter, a water-filled square cavity with left hot wall and right cold wall was numerically investigated. The hot and cold wall temperatures are 10°C and 0°C respectively to examine the density inversion of natural convection water, i.e. water at 4°C. In the middle of the square, there are circular and elliptical bodies to study fluid–structure interaction in terms of the thermohydraulic behavior and entropy generation. 2D numerical simulation was performed using finite volume method in Ansys fluent software with the assumption of laminar flow. The simulation results are compared with benchmark data to determine reliability. The results indicate that the body insertions increase the convection heat transfer coefficients at the best heat transfer positions due to impingement heat transfer. An increase in heat transfer rate of 1.06 times is observed in the case of circular body compared to none. There are three primary eddies in the cavity with bodies, whereas the cavity without body has two primary eddies. Maximum entropy generation was found in the upper right corner of cavity mainly due to high horizontal temperature gradient. Bodies of circle and vertical ellipse have almost the same thermohydraulic and entropy generation characteristics due to the same horizontal dimension which mainly effects on the downward natural convection current. The entropy generation of cavity with circular body is 1.23 times higher than that of the cavity without body. At positions y/L = 1 on the hot wall and y/L = 0.74 on the cold wall, the convection heat transfer coefficient is close to zero due to stagnant fluid.
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Bosona, Techane, and Girma Gebresenbet. "Logistics Chain and Cost Assessment of Pruning-to-Energy Value Chains: Application of Life Cycle Cost Analysis Approach." In Prunus - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101428.
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Biomass from agricultural residue has significant potential as renewable energy resource. Therefore, cost-efficient processing and supply of agricultural residues are important to strategically plan and utilize this energy resource. This chapter describes the agricultural pruning to energy (PtE) value chains and presents the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA)-based cost assessment results, focusing on almond and peach tree pruning data obtained from Spain during 2015–2016. Along the main life cycle stages of PtE system, costs of harvesting, off-farm storage, transport, biomass loss, and management of biomass supply chain were considered. In terms of functional unit cost, the life cycle cost (LCC) was calculated to be about 126 €/t for almond PtE and 115 €/t for peach PtE value chain. In both cases, the harvesting stage was found to be cost at hot stage followed by the storage stage. The cost at harvesting stage was about 83% (of 126 €/t) and 82% (of 115 €/t) in the case of almond and peach cases, respectively. Similarly, the share of operational cost was about 74% and 76% for almond and peach cases, respectively. Therefore, more efforts should be made to improve the performance of logistics operations and management of such PtE initiatives.
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Lee, Chao-Shing, Lawrence Hutchings, Shou-Cheng Wang, Steve Jarpe, Sin-Yu Syu, and Kai Chen. "Tectonic Collision, Orogeny and Geothermal Resources in Taiwan." In Earth's Crust and its Evolution - From Pangea to the Present Continents [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101504.
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The recent tectonic evolution of Taiwan created ideal conditions for geothermal resources: heat, water and permeability. We examine heat flow measurements, seismic tomography, seismicity, hot spring distribution, tectonic history, geology, and volcanism described in previous studies to understand the relation between tectonics and geothermal potential in Taiwan. Taiwan is the youngest tectonically created island on earth. The island formed as a result of the transition from subduction of the Eurasian Plate under the Philippine Sea plate to active collision. Collision results in orogenic mountain building. The geology of the island is primarily an accretionary prism from the historic subduction. This active orogeny creates unusually high geothermal gradients by exhumation of the warmer material from depth and by strain heating. As a result, temperatures reach up to ~200 degree C. Volcanoes in the northern tip of Taiwan provide an additional source of heat. Favorable fluid flow from meteoric waters and permeability from seismicity and faulting results in exploitable geothermal systems near the surface. These systems can potentially provide geothermal power generation throughout the whole island, although there are currently only two geothermal power plants in Taiwan.
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Ferreira-Gomes, L. M., Ana I.S. Tavares Jorge, Liliana F. Gonçalves, and S. M. Soares Almeida. "Chemical Quality of Rainwater and Surface Runoff Water in the Proximity of the Abstractions That Supply the São Pedro do Sul Medical Spa (Portugal)." In Water Quality - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107164.
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São Pedro do Sul medical spa provides health services using hot natural groundwater superiorly classified as natural mineral water. The main source of supply of that medical spa, has been over time, the Traditional Spring, which in recent decades has been systematically controlled, and shows spectacular constancy in its chemical quality, if there are no outside contaminations. Within the context presented, the detailed physical-chemical quality of rainwater and surface runoff water was studied, in the proximity of the Traditional Spring, as there is a potential for them to infiltrate at depth and evolve into the natural mineral water aquifer system. Thus, in the present chapter, after presenting the physical-chemical quality of the natural mineral water from the Traditional Spring, as well as some elements of the literature on the physical-chemical quality of rainwater, the methodology of work is followed, and then the results obtained from the physical-chemical composition of rainwater and surface run-off water are presented and discussed, comparing them with the quality of the water from the Traditional Spring. Finally, the main conclusions are presented, and some recommendations are made on research into potential sources of pollution, which justify the poor quality of the rainwater studied.
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J. Khatib, Ahed. "Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Overview of the Disease." In Parkinson’s Disease - Animal Models, Current Therapies and Clinical Trials [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109437.
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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer’s disease. Its prevalence is increasing over time, and it is expected to reach a peak in 2030. The aim of the present study was to review the literature for various aspects of PD including general characteristics of the disease, its pathology, clinical features, therapeutic clinical trials, and animal models used to study PD. The results of this study showed that no curative therapy for PD has so far been developed. Altogether, PD is still a very hot area in medicine to be studied and to have new therapeutic options.
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Chaliha, Chayanika, and Eeshan Kalita. "Blister Blight Disease of Tea: An Enigma." In Diagnostics of Plant Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95362.
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Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed across the world and is also considered a major cash crop in countries with a moderately hot and humid climate. Tea is produced from the leaves of woody, perennial, and monoculture crop tea plants. The tea leaves being the source of production the foliar diseases which may be caused by a variety of bacteria, fungi, and other pests have serious impacts on production. The blister blight disease is one such serious foliar tea disease caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Exobasidium vexans. E. vexans, belonging to the phylum basidiomycete primarily infects the young succulent harvestable tea leaves and results in ~40% yield crop loss. It reportedly alters the critical biochemical characteristics of tea such as catechin, flavonoid, phenol, as well as the aroma in severely affected plants. The disease is managed, so far, by administering high doses of copper-based chemical fungicides. Although alternate approaches such as the use of biocontrol agents, biotic and abiotic elicitors for inducing systemic acquired resistance, and transgenic resistant varieties have been tested, they are far from being adopted worldwide. As the research on blister blight disease is chiefly focussed towards the evaluation of defense responses in tea plants, during infection very little is yet known about the pathogenesis and the factors contributing to the disease. The purpose of this chapter is to explore blister blight disease and to highlight the current challenges involved in understanding the pathogen and pathogenic mechanism that could significantly contribute to better disease management.
Conference papers on the topic "Hot working results"
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Chichenev, N. A. "Improving the Thermal Fatigue Strength of Hot-Working Tools by Laser Treatment." In Modern Trends in Manufacturing Technologies and Equipment. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901755-8.
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Abstract. A method for increasing the thermal fatigue strength of a tool used in hot forming of bearing rings by applying circular laser tracks to the working surfaces is considered. Laser treatment is carried out with a power of 2.0...2.5 kW by applying on the end face working surface of the tool in the direction from the center to the periphery of the circular tracks with a common center coinciding with the center of the circumference of the end face; the tool is rotated at a constant angular rate, the spot diameter ds for each track is selected according to the dependence ds,i+1/ds,i = 0.85...0.90, and the laser radiation spots of adjacent tracks have a common point of contact. The results of pilot testing are presented, which confirmed the high technical and economic efficiency of the use of laser quenching for ejectors and punches. A tool made by machining, for example, an ejector of an AMP-70 automatic press, is subjected to volume quenching and tempering. The ejector material was steel 3Kh3M3F, quenching temperature in oil – 1030...1050 °С, tempering temperature – 580...610 °С. After volume quenching, additional machining is carried out, usually grinding, in order to remove the decarbonized layer of material formed during heat treatment and to give the working surface the required roughness class. The final stage in the tool manufacturing is the quenching of its working surface by laser treatment. Pilot testing showed that the use of laser treatment made it possible to increase the durability of ejectors of various types by 2 ... 3 times, of deforming punches – by 2.2 times.
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Crowley, Ross, and Joseph Domblesky. "Analysis of Anisotropic Surface Topography Effects on Metal Flow: Warm and Hot Working Processes." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8304.
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Abstract The results of an experimental study that analyzed how anisotropic tool topography influences friction and metal flow under warm and hot working conditions are presented. Six sets of H-13 steel platens having different roughnesses were used to compress AA 6061-T6, AA 2024-T4, and AISI 1018 specimens. The platens were machined to have a unidirectional lay while the specimens were prepared to have a constant roughness with an isotropic surface texture. Rectangular specimens were placed at different angular orientations relative to the surface lay of the graphite-lubricated platens and then side-pressed at die temperatures ranging from 149–204°C (300–400°F). Ring tests were also performed in order to determine interface shear friction factors for each experimental condition. Results showed that surface roughness had little effect on planar metal flow whereas specimen orientation showed a strong correlation. An explanation for this behavior is presented based on evidence gathered with a laser measuring microscope. While further investigation is needed, the results indicate that an oriented surface texture has the potential to be used as a tool to optimize flow patterns in bulk forming processes.
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Ji, Guomin, Madjid Karimirad, Frank Klæbo, and Per-Christian Irgens. "Integrity Assessment of Hot Bolting Tool." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54652.
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Hot Bolting is the practice of removing and replacing or freeing and re-tightening bolts on live operating piping and equipment while the system is pressurized. It is potentially hazardous and the utmost caution needs to be exercised when planning and carrying it out. The hot bolting tools designed by Irgens Engineering AS aim to establish a safe barrier for flange connections during the hot bolting operation. Their application would extend the hot bolting operation, increase the safety and simplify the working process. Qualification of new hot bolting tools was carried out by the joint efforts of producer, operator and classification society. The paper addresses a part of the integrity assessment of the new hot bolting tools. The nonlinear finite element analyses were performed by ABAQUS for sequential loading during hot bolting operation under the temperature specified by operator and the nonlinear contact interactions between different components were taken into account in the analysis. In the present study, the structural integrity was investigated for 4″ class 1500 flange with ring gasket and class 150 flanges with IFG gasket of four different dimensions (1/2″, 1.5″, 3″, and 8″). The gasket stress and strain as well as contact pressure of the gasket were studied to investigate the possible leakage. The test was performed for 4″ class 1500 flange with ring gasket by Irgens Engineering AS, and the comparison between analysis and test results showed good agreement both for the gap between flange just outside ring gasket and the flange bolt force.
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Du, Yang, Ying Long, Muting Hao, Yaowu Huo, Pan Zhao, Jiangfeng Wang, and Yiping Dai. "Off-Design Performance Comparative Analysis Between Dual-Pressure Organic Rankine Cycles Using Pure and Mixture Working Fluids." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75442.
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Dual-pressure Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) driven by the low temperature heat source usually work under part-load conditions, and it is therefore essential to predict the off-design performance of such ORCs. This paper presents the off-design performance prediction of the dual-pressure ORC on the basis of the model including plate heat exchangers, axial turbines and a centrifugal pump. Pure working fluid R600a and the mixture R245fa/R600a are compared. The sliding pressure operation strategy is considered under off-design conditions. The results indicate that under the design hot water parameters (hot water 140 °C, 64.87 kg/s), compared with the single-pressure ORC using R600a, the dual-pressure ORC using R600a shows a 9.57% higher net power and a 17.32% higher heat transfer area. Furthermore, the dual-pressure ORC with the mixture R245fa/R600a (0.42/0.58 mass fraction) shows a 1.04% higher net power and a 3.87% higher heat transfer area than the dual-pressure ORC using R600a under the design hot water parameters. In the dual-pressure ORC, the rotational speed of the high-pressure pump is more strongly influenced by the inlet temperature of hot water than that of the low-pressure pump. In addition, when the mass flow rate ratio of hot water or the inlet temperature of hot water increases, the difference of the net power between the dual-pressure ORC using the proposed mixture R245fa/R600a (0.42/0.58 mass fraction) and that using pure R600a increases.
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Le, Minh, Olivier Asserin, Laurent Forest, Olivier Fandeur, and Philippe Pilvin. "Numerical Simulation of Hot Cracking Tests." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-98170.
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One of the main nuclear materials is the austenitic stainless steels, which have good ductility and toughness, high thermal expansion coefficients and a thermal conductivity lower than that of martensitic or ferritic steels. The 316L(N) austenitic stainless steel (X2CrNiMo17-12-2 with controlled nitrogen) is evaluated for structures such as the vessels, which are steel enclosures surrounding the reactor core and its assemblies, in fourth generation nuclear systems. The RCC-MR code, which is used as a frame of reference in the manufacture of SFR (Sodium Fast Reactor concept), recommends the use of austenoferritic filler material for the welding of 316L(N) steel. These recommendations derive from past experience of working with fast neutron reactors (Phenix and Superphenix). In order to guarantee long-term properties at high temperatures, an austenoferritic and an austenitic filler metals are evaluated as filler metals. However, these materials are susceptible to hot cracking. Therefore, a study is conducted to ensure their weldability. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the susceptibility to hot cracking of the studied materials and to present a methodology applied to define a criterion called “laboratory” for each material and its transfer to a structure test. The relative susceptibility to hot cracking of these materials was evaluated using four tests: the Varestraint, the Gleeble, the trapezoid and the skew tests. Numerical simulation using Cast3M code and Sidolo software of these four tests were investigated in order to survey behavior laws of each studied material and solidification cracking thermomechanical criteria intrinsic to the materials. Some test and simulation results as well as hot cracking susceptibility ranking are presented and the transferability to real component welds of hot cracking criteria is discussed.
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Inoue, Naoyuki, Atsushi Kaneko, Hiroyoshi Watanabe, Tomoyuki Uchimura, and Kiichi Irie. "Development of Electric Power Generation Unit Driven by Waste Heat: Study on Working Fluids and Expansion Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27749.
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This paper presents the results of the development of a simple and compact power generator driven by waste heat, assuming hot water at a temperature of 80 to 90°C as a heat source. Firstly, a feasibility study on the characteristics of a low temperature power cycle (evaporated at 77°C, condensed at 42°C) was conducted. As a result, TFE (Trifluoroethanol CF3CH2OH), R123, F245fa were selected as suitable for the cycle to optimize the cycle efficiency. Experimental validation of the power generator in which TFE was adopted as a working fluid was also conducted. A radial turbine was adopted as an expander, and was newly designed using an inverse design method, whereby the 3-D blade geometry for specified blade loading distribution was numerically obtained. Turbine performance and flow fields were then validated by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The test equipment was driven by hot water as a heat source and cooling water as a cooling source, and the generated power was connected with the electric utility. The characteristics of the power generating cycle and those of the turbine were obtained experimentally. The experimental results of the expander turbine performance, using TFE as a working fluid, showed good agreement with CFD results.
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Abdel-Mesih, Bahy S. A., Ahmed A. Abdelrehim, and Amr M. H. Khobeiz. "Comparative Analysis Between Water and Nanofluids as Working Fluids in Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37503.
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Photovoltaic thermal collectors (PV/T) are devices that produce both electrical and thermal energies simultaneously. Water acts as the working fluid that cools down the PV cells, thus improving their electrical efficiency, and at the same time hot water is produced due to the heat exchange process. As a consequence heat transfer augmentation is an important issue that affects the performance of such a hybrid system. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the effect of using a nanofluid on the performance of a photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collector. The performance of the water cooled PV/T collector without nanofluid is first evaluated and then additional correlations are incorporated to include the nanofluid properties. Results showed that the use of nanofluid enhanced the rate of heat transfer which resulted in improvement in the performance of the PV/T collector. However, such improvement was not found to be significantly high to shift for nanofluids as working fluids in PV/T collectors.
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Fujii, Tomoharu, and Terutaka Fujioka. "Development of Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Parts Maintenance Planning Support System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50249.
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Since the hot gas path parts such as combustors, blades, and vanes are subject to extremely severe working conditions, the parts must be inspected and repaired at relatively short intervals. Therefore, it is essential to reduce the maintenance costs for economic reasons. Furthermore, since the hot gas path parts have cooling structures with advanced design and coated with various types of coatings, the prices of parts are usually very high. Therefore, using the parts efficiently and extending the service life of the parts are needed to significantly reduce the maintenance costs. In such a situation, a platform free system of “Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Parts Maintenance Planning Support System” has been developed. This system can be used to decrease parts disposal loss by optimizing parts rotation plans. In this paper, main functions of this system and the results of some case studies by this system are described.
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Koshimizu, Takao, Hiromi Kubota, Yasuyuki Takata, and Takehiro Ito. "Numerical Simulation of Heat and Fluid Flow in a Basic Pulse-Tube Refrigerator." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56295.
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The working principle of refrigeration in basic pulse-tube refrigerators (BPTR) has been explained by the mechanism called surface heat pumping (SHP) that heat is conveyed from the cold end to the hot end of the pulse tube by the successive heat exchange between the working gas and the wall. In this study, a numerical simulation has been performed to clarify the effect of the wall in BPTRs by comparing the numerical results in two physical models; one is the model considering the heat exchange between the working gas and the wall (HE model), and the other is the model ignoring that (AW model). As a result, the importance in the effect of the wall was shown clearly. In addition, the mechanism of refrigeration other than the SHP was made clear in the AW model.
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Premanond, Varunee, Ratchanee Hato, Pakorn Chumrum, and Jiraporn Sripraserd. "The Effect of Tool Surface Treatment on Friction in Hot Forging Process." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84062.
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This work considers the influences of various types of die surface treatment, lubricants and temperature on friction for hot forging process of brass. Well-known ring compression test were carried out to evaluate friction coefficient for various conditions. Tool material was hot work tool steel H13 and workpiece material was brass C3771. Tool surface condition selected were normal hardening, treated by hard chrome, plasma nitriding and vacuum nitriding. Tests were conducted with and without lubricants at elevated temperature between 400–600°C. The results of experiments without lubricant show that friction coefficient is reduced when using die with treated surface regardless of working temperature. The influences of surface treated on die are not significant when forming under lubricated condition. In other word, lubricant has minor effect to reduce friction when the treated tools are employed. However, graphite in water was found to be almost compatible lubricant to graphite in oil when forming by tool which is treated by vacuum nitriding. The hardness and roughness of tool surfaces are found no relevance to friction coefficient in this work.
Reports on the topic "Hot working results"
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Hunt, G. L. Results of electric vehicle safety issues survey: Conducted on behalf of ad hoc EV battery readiness working group in-vehicle safety sub-working group. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/273823.
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Ahmed, Saira, Vaqar Ahmed, Marjorie Alain, and Karine Gatellier. Improving the Fiscal Policy Response to Covid-19 in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.003.
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The Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions have had profound socioeconomic impacts worldwide. Governments have been faced with responding urgently to mitigate such effects, especially for the most vulnerable. Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) partner Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) – a Southernled organisation which believes that evidence produced from an in-country perspective, by empowered and engaged local researchers and policymakers, results in better policy choices – has been working closely with policymakers in Pakistan to assess the Covid-19 impacts and the effectiveness of current and potential policies. As a result, PEP has helped introduce tax reforms for the hardest hit, agricultural subsidies for farmers, and the reduction of trade tariffs for struggling businesses.
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Ochiai, Kazuyasu. Working paper PUEAA No. 14. Evaluating long-term cultural diplomacy between Mexico and Japan: examining former participants in a governmental bilateral student exchange program. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.012r.2022.
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This paper summarizes a research project, titled “Long-term outcomes of bilateral student exchange program between Mexico and Japan: 50 years of governmental cultural diplomacy”. The project provides an analysis of the youth exchange program that was implemented in 1971 between Mexico and Japan. In this way, paper describes the negotiation process between the Mexican government and the Japanese government to implement exchange programs. Apart from this, the author analysis the quantitative and qualitative results of the youth exchange program between Mexico and Japan through decades. To obtain the quantitative information, it considers how many students have participated in this program; for obtaining quantitative results, it considers the students’ personal experience for knowing the effects of studying in Mexico or Japan in their lives. Finally, the author believes that studying the exchange program between Mexico and Japan is a means of achieving development through cooperation.
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Marchais, Gauthier, Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian, and Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts: Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.017.
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This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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Marchais, Gauthier, Sweta Gupta, Cyril Owen Brandt, Patricia Justino, Marinella Leone, Eustache Kuliumbwa, Olga Kithumbu, Issa Kiemtoré, Polepole Bazuzi Christian, and Margherita Bove. Marginalisation from Education in Conflict-Affected Contexts: Learning from Tanganyika and Ituri in the DR Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.048.
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This Working Paper analyses how violent conflict can enhance or reduce pre-existing forms of marginalisation and second, how new forms of marginalisation emerge as a result of violent conflict. To do so, we focus on the province of Tanganyika in the DRC, where the so-called ‘Twa-Bantu’ violent conflict has been disrupting the education sector since 2012, and secondarily on the province of Ituri, which has been affected by repeated armed conflicts since the 1990s. We use a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative data collection methods and several months of qualitative fieldwork. The study shows that the political marginalisation of ethno-territorial groups is key in understanding marginalisation from education in contexts of protracted conflict. Our results show that the Twa minority of Tanganyika has not only been more exposed to violence during the Twa-Bantu conflict, but also that exposure to violence has more severe effects on the Twa in terms of educational outcomes. We analyse key mechanisms, in particular spatial segregation, and the social segregation of schools along ethnic/identity lines. We also analyse the interaction between ethno-cultural marginalisation and economic, social and gender-related marginalisation.
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Shaw, John, Arieh Rosner, Thomas Pirone, Benjamin Raccah, and Yehezkiel Antignus. The Role of Specific Viral Genes and Gene Products in Potyviral Pathogenicity, Host Range and Aphid Transmission. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561070.bard.
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In this research we have studied the molecular biology of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. The investigations focused on the genes Pds and Psy, encoding desaturase and phytoene synthase, respectively, which are key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of lycopene and b-carotene. In addition, we have investigated the genes for lycopene cyclase. We have cloned from tomato and characterized the cDNA of CrtL-e, which encodes the lycopene e-cyclase, and analyzed its expression during fruit development. The results establish a paradigm for the regulation of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis during the ripening process of fruits. It is concluded that transcriptional regulation of genes that encode carotenoid-biosynthesis enzymes is the major mechanism that governs specific pigment accumulation. During the ripening of tomato fruits transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase is up-regulated, while the transcription of the genes for both lycopene cyclases decreases and thus the conversion of lycopene to subsequent carotenoids is inhibited. These findings support the working hypothesis of the molecular approach to manipulating carotenogenesis by altering gene expression in transgenic plants, and offer obvious strategies to future application in agriculture. The molecular and physiological knowledge on carotenogenesis gained in this project, suggest a concept for manipulating gene expression that will alter carotenoid composition in fruits and flowers.
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Bulatetska, Lesya V., Vitaliy V. Bulatetskyi, Tetyana O. Hryshanovych, Yulia S. Pavlenko, Tetyana I. Cheprasova, and Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Operation system features and cloud services for lecturer work. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4443.
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The work proposes a conception of setup and use of teacher’s or lecturer’s workspace using common software and hardware products. The research object is a system built by using operating system capabilities in conjunction with office suite and public cloud service, as a foundation for teacher’s digital workspace. Research is made on how to set up, scale, and operate such a system, by studying the experience of national and foreign scientists and teachers, and using our own experience in educational processes, and working with operating systems and cloud services. As a result, we got a system which is easy to set up, learn, and apply by teachers without significant experience working remote education systems, and could be used for initial learning of remote education principles. It could be used as an initial step before migrating to specialized remote education systems. In the future, the system itself could be improved by adding additional objects into the system and a higher integration level between objects and external subjects.
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Jettestuen, Espen, Olav Aursjø, Jan Ludvig Vinningland, Aksel Hiorth, and Arild Lohne. Smart Water flooding: Part 2: Important input parameters for modeling and upscaling workflow. University of Stavanger, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.200.
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This document presents some guidelines on how to conduct numerical investigations of the physicochemical effects of Smart Water flooding on different length scales. The National IOR Centre of Norway (NIORC) has developed several simulation tools. The objective of this report is to describe how three NIORC-developed simulation tools BADChIMP, IORCoreSim, and IORSim, can be used to investigate Smart Water effects on different length scales. We present which input parameters are needed by the simulation tools, and we discuss which processes these tools are suited to study. When working with different length scales, one of the challenges is how to upscale results obtained from smaller scales, i.e., pore and core scale experiments or simulations, to the field scale. Here, three relevant questions are: 1) how far do the Smart Water effects propagate into a reservoir? 2) What is the effect of reservoir temperature on Smart Water behavior? 3) How is the oil release, observed on core scale, related to the oil production from a field? This document targets research scientists planning to perform either pore scale simulations, core scale simulations, or field scale simulations for Smart Water studies. The technical level of the document is targeting an industry engineer.
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Wandji, Dieunedort, Jeremy Allouche, and Gauthier Marchais. Vernacular Resilience: An Approach to Studying Long-Term Social Practices and Cultural Repertoires of Resilience in Côte d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/steps.2021.001.
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This working paper aims to situate our research project within the various debates around resilience. It advocates a historical, cultural and plural approach to understanding how communities develop and share resilient practices in contexts of multiple and protracted crises. A focus on ‘vernacular’ resilience, as embedded in social practices and cultural repertoires, is important since conventional approaches to resilience seem to have overlooked how locally embedded forms of resilience are socially constructed historically. Our approach results from a combination of two observations. Firstly, conventional approaches to resilience in development, humanitarian and peace studies carry the limitations of their own epistemic assumptions – notably the fact that they have generic conceptions of what constitutes resilience. Secondly, these approaches are often ahistorical and neglect the temporal and intergenerational dimensions of repertoires of resilience. In addition to observable social practices, culture and history are crucial in understanding the ways in which vernacular and networked knowledge operates.
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Wandji, Dieunedort, Jeremy Allouch, and Gauthier Marchais. Vernacular Resilience: An Approach to Studying Long-Term Social Practices and Cultural Repertoires of Resilience in Côte d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/steps.2021.002.
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This working paper aims to situate our research project within the various debates around resilience. It advocates a historical, cultural and plural approach to understanding how communities develop and share resilient practices in contexts of multiple and protracted crises. A focus on ‘vernacular’ resilience, as embedded in social practices and cultural repertoires, is important since conventional approaches to resilience seem to have overlooked how locally embedded forms of resilience are socially constructed historically. Our approach results from a combination of two observations. Firstly, conventional approaches to resilience in development, humanitarian and peace studies carry the limitations of their own epistemic assumptions – notably the fact that they have generic conceptions of what constitutes resilience. Secondly, these approaches are often ahistorical and neglect the temporal and intergenerational dimensions of repertoires of resilience. In addition to observable social practices, culture and history are crucial in understanding the ways in which vernacular and networked knowledge operates.