Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hot melt adhesive smart adhesive'

Due to ever more severe environmental regulations, safety standards and rise of fuel cost, design of lightweight vehicle is becoming a challenging task in automotive industry. For these reasons, multidisciplinary design approaches are becoming mandatory that takes into account all parties’ interests. The thesis addresses the potential use of composites, nanomodified composites, thermoplastic and smart hot melts adhesives materials in selected automotive applications to achieve lightweight vehicle. Special attention was paid to specific parts of vehicle structures that are directly related to occupant and pedestrian safety concerns such as B-pillar, frontal bumper subsystem, and engine subframe. Two approaches were implemented to design composites and thermoplastic intensive vehicle components: experimental test and numerical simulation approaches. In experimental approach, experimental method was developed to establish reliable test procedure to characterize composite materials. Then, selected materials were manufactured and characterized under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Furthermore, selected nano-modified composite materials were characterized to understand effect of presence of nano-clays into the matrix on the mechanical behavior of base material. On the other hand, thermoplastic material was modified with short glass fibers to improve its mechanical behavior for frontal vehicle system application. Besides, in this thesis adhesive joint was considered as alternative solution to achieve vehicle lightweight targets. Detailed material characterization and parametric study of hot melt adhesive (HMA) single lap joint were performed for bumper subsystem application. Accelerated ageing were also performed on selected HMA to represent the worst environmental condition in which the bumper subsystem could be exposed. Also, selected hot-melt adhesive was modified by nano-metal particles to obtain smart adhesive that allows bonded vehicle components to be easily detached during disassembly process. Particularly, simplified form of composite B-pillar (T-joint) was manufactured and quasi- static experimental tests were performed to validate the results obtained from numerical simulations. In numerical approach, composite and thermoplastic vehicle components were modeled, they are presented in chapters from seven to nine. Commercially available software have been used for these simulations. Structural analysis and optimizations were performed to obtain a competitive performance in terms of strength, stiffness and crash worthiness against conventional material solutions. The results found from experimental and numerical simulation works revealed that composites and thermoplastics materials can deliver better performances under static and crashing load conditions. Using those materials, considerable amount of vehicle weight reduction was also achieved by keeping the desired design performance criteria. It is also worth to underline that manufacturing process and joining techniques are some of the main factors that should be taken into consideration during design of composite and thermoplastic components for vehicle applications.

No
Hot melt extrusion is a continuous process with wide industrial applicability. Till current date, there have been no reports on the formulation of extrudates for topical treatment of dermatological diseases. The aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize medicated hot melt extrudates based on Soluplus polymer and nicotinamide, and to explore their applicability in acne treatment. The extrudates were characterized using DSC, FTIR, XRD, and DVS. The extrudates were also tested for their skin adhesion potential, ability to deposit nicotinamide in different skin layers, and their clinical efficacy in acne patients. The 10% nicotinamide extrudates exhibited amorphous nature which was reserved during storage, with no chemical interaction between nicotinamide and Soluplus. Upon contrasting the skin adhesion and drug deposition of extrudates and nicotinamide gel, it was evident that the extrudates displayed significantly higher adhesion and drug deposition reaching 4.8 folds, 5.3 folds, and 4.3 folds more in the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis, respectively. Furthermore, the extrudates significantly reduced the total number of acne lesions in patients by 61.3% compared to 42.14% with the nicotinamide gel. Soluplus extrudates are promising topical drug delivery means for the treatment of dermatological diseases.

A cartonboard package is often sealed and closed with an adhesive – either a hot-melt adhesive (adhesives that are applied in a molten state on the cartonboard) or a dispersion adhesive (adhesives that are applied as water-based dispersions). This thesis focuses on the process of hot-melt gluing, and how material properties and process conditions affect the performance of the adhesive joint. Requirements vary depending on how the package is to be used. A package that is only supposed to protect the product during transport differs from one that is supposed to attract consumers and facilitate their use of the product. If a package has been opened, due to external or internal forces that cause a fracture in the adhesive joint, the consumer may choose another package instead. A fracture of the adhesive joint may occur in several different ways; for example, a cohesive fracture in the adhesive, an interfacial fracture between the adhesive and one of the cartonboard surfaces, and a cohesive fracture in the cartonboard. The traditional way of testing the adhesive joint is to subjectively evaluate the fibre tear after manually tearing the joint apart. The primary interest of this study has been to find an objective method that can characterise the adhesive joint – that is, its strength and joint characteristics. The work has principally concentrated on physical experiments where the Y-peel method has been evaluated and further developed, including the construction of a laboratory adhesive applicator. Adhesive joint failure is analysed and correlated to the force-elongation curve during Y-peel testing in order to explore various mechanisms of the failure. The force versus elongation curves are transformed into a force versus inelastic deformation curve for the adhesive joint. The inelastic deformation of the adhesive joint is defined as the inelastic opening of the adhesive joint perpendicular to the cartonboard surface. The dissipative descending energy has been used to characterise the adhesive joint. High descending dissipative energy showed high resistance against final failure of the joint. This correlates very well with the manual fibre-tear test. Characteristic force-elongation curves in Y-peel testing – that is, the shape of the curve – have been analysed, and four main failure modes have been identified. The finite element method has been used to predict mechanical behaviour in the ascending part of the force-elongation curve. When it comes to local behaviour, a high stiffness adhesive results in bending behaviour while a low results in shearing, but on a global scale, no big difference was detected on the ascending part of the force-elongation curve. The new laboratory adhesive applicator and finite element method can be used to objectively design the interaction between the adhesive and the cartonboard for a specific application. This can be achieved by modifying the cartonboard, the adhesive or the process parameters.

« Revoluflex » est un procédé de contre-collage de films plastiques par l'intermédiaire d'une fine couche d'adhésif thermofusible. Dans ce procédé, l'adhésif fondu est extrudé à travers une filière plate (entrefer ~ 1 mm) puis étiré dans l'air sur une très courte distance (~ 1 mm) à des taux d'étirage très importants (Dr>100) et enfin déposé sur le film plastique primaire. Une pompe à vide, placée au-dessous du film extrudé, permet de stabiliser le procédé et d'empêcher l'admission de bulles d'air entre le film primaire et l'adhésif. Un film plastique secondaire est ensuite déposé sur le film primaire pour former le film complexe. En fonction des paramètres du procédé, plusieurs défauts sont observés. Par exemple, on observe dans certaines conditions des surépaisseurs périodiques dans la couche d'adhésif qui s'apparentent à une instabilité d'étirage appelée Draw Resonance. D'autres défauts qui correspondent plutôt à des déchirures dans le film adhésif sont également observés. Ces défauts représentent un obstacle pour le développement de ce procédé innovant et donc l'enjeu de cette étude consiste à comprendre l'origine de ces défauts afin de pouvoir les supprimer ou, au moins, en différer l'apparition.Pour ce faire, ces défauts ont tout d'abord été caractérisés et leur apparition a été quantifiée en fonction des paramètres du procédé et de la rhéologie de différentes formulations d'adhésif.Des modèles de complexité croissante, tant au niveau de la description cinématique de l'écoulement que de la loi de comportement du polymère, ont été développés. Des modèles membrane Newtonien et viscoélastique à largeur constante où un différentiel de pression est appliqué entre les deux faces du film extrudé constituent une première approche théorique qui rend compte de l'effet de la pompe à vide. La méthode de stabilité linéaire a été utilisée pour prédire le phénomène d'instabilité périodique en fonction du comportement rhéologique et des paramètres du procédé. Notre étude a montré que les résultats de ces modèles membrane sont très influencés par les conditions initiales de l'écoulement. Comme l'hypothèse membrane n'est plus valide à de très courtes distances d'étirage, nous avons développé deux modèles 2D Newtonien qui rendent compte à la fois de l'écoulement dans la filière et au cours de l'étirage. Le premier modèle symétrique ne prend pas en compte l'effet de la pompe à vide mais et a été résolu avec deux approches différentes : une méthode de suivi d'interface couplée à la méthode de stabilité linéaire et une méthode de simulation directe par capture d'interface (méthode Level-Set). Nous avons montré que ces deux méthodes permettent d'obtenir la même solution stationnaire et les mêmes résultats de stabilité. Le deuxième modèle prend en compte le différentiel de pression et a été résolu uniquement par la technique de suivi d'interface couplée à la méthode de stabilité linéaire. Ce modèle 2D permet également de trancher entre les différentes conditions initiales testées avec le modèle membrane.Ces modèles permettent d'expliquer plusieurs phénomènes observés expérimentalement comme l'effet stabilisant du différentiel de pression et de la courte distance d'étirage. De plus, ils mettent en évidence un résultat paradoxal qui est l'effet stabilisant du taux d'étirage dans certaines conditions opératoires. Ils montrent enfin que le différentiel de pression provoque une contrainte très élevée au niveau de la lèvre inférieure de la filière, ce qui peut être une explication des déchirures observés dans la couche de colle
“Revoluflex” is an innovative laminating process consisting in bonding two plastic films with a thin layer of hot melt adhesive. The molten adhesive is extruded through a flat die (gap ~ 1 mm). Then, it is stretched into the air at very high draw ratio (Dr> 100) over a very short distance (~ 1 mm) and set down on the primary plastic film. A vacuum pump, located beneath the extruded film, stabilizes the process and prevents air bubble intake between the primary and the adhesive film. A secondary plastic film is then laid on the coated primary film to give a laminate. Many defects can be observed as a function of the process parameters such as wavelike instabilities characterized by periodical sustained oscillations in the hot melt adhesive layer. This instability is similar to the “Draw Resonance” instability encountered with classical processes involving the stretching of a molten polymer. Other defects looking like small bubbles, cracks or rips in the adhesive layer are also observed. These defects hinder commercial deployment of the process. The aim of this study is there to understand their origins in order to remove them or at least delay their onset.These defects have first been characterized and their appearance was quantified according to process parameters and adhesive rheology. Several theoretical models of increasing complexity, in terms of flow kinematics and polymer rheology, have been developed. Newtonian and Viscoelastic constant width membrane models involving a pressure differential between the two sides of the extruded film represent a first theoretical approach that accounts for the vacuum pump effect. The linear stability method was used to investigate the influence of adhesive rheological behavior and process parameters on the onset of periodic instabilities. It was shown that the results were highly dependent on the initial flow conditions at die exit. Since the membrane assumption is not valid for very short stretching distances, we developed two Newtonian 2D models accounting for both extrusion and drawing steps. The first one is a symmetric model that does not account for the vacuum pump effect. It was solved using two different approaches: a front-tracking method coupled with linear stability analysis and a direct numerical simulation with interface capturing method (Level set method). It was shown that both methods lead to the same stationary solution and the same stability results. The second model accounts for the pressure differential and it was solved using only the front-tracking method. This latter 2D model enables to check the validity of the initial flow conditions of the membrane model.These models allow us to explain several experimental phenomena such as the stabilizing effect of the pressure differential and the short stretching distance. In addition, they help explaining experimental features which contradict the classical literature on drawing instabilities such as the stabilizing effect of increasing the draw ratio under certain operating conditions. Finally, they show that the pressure differential induces a high stress at the bottom lip of the extrusion die, which may clarify the cracks and rips observed in the adhesive layer

Non-crimp fabrics (NCF) have become established in the fields of the automotive, aircraft, and wind power industries, which has led to an increasing demand of fiber plastic composites. In order to utilize the known excellent load-bearing properties of NCF and also to reduce the related disadvantages such as fiber undulation caused by stitching yarn, inclusions of resin and filament breakage by the stitch-bonding process have to be addressed. Hence, an alternative manufacturing technology is presented. This technology is defined by the punctiform application of a polyester hot melt adhesive to enable different geometries of NCF and ensure the position of the high-performance fiber in the load direction. The new manufacturing process, on the one hand, demands new testing methods to investigate the adhesion between the used adhesive and highperformance fibers, while, on the other, the surface of the adherend (carbon fiber) needs to be improved. Oxyfluorination is used here for the surface modification. Different tests such as peel test, shear test and transverse tensile test were developed and evaluated with different adhesives and high-performance yarns based on glass and carbon. The influence of the used copolyester hot melt on the curing kinetics of an epoxy matrix was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry using quasi-isothermal and non-isothermal measurements. In addition, the interface between the thermoplastic epoxy resin and the copolyester hot melt was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
化工與材料工程系
103
Polyurethane reactive hot melt adhesives (PUR) are isocyanate-capped prepolymers prepared from polyester and or polyether glycols and diisocyanates. After application, PUR exhibit green strength by solidification while cooling to room temperature. PUR are NCO-terminated, therefore they will cure in the presence of moisture, generating a highly crosslinked network. The content of NCO was studied of curing speed, adhesion viscosity, tensile strength and bonding strength. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the distributions of hydrogen bonds in these PUR were characterized. The results showed that the PUR had a high degree of micro phase separation, and a high degree of hydrogen bonding. Adhesive properties test showed that the initial adhesive strength and crystallization properties were excellent in the presence of the low content of hard segments. PUR prepolymer with higher crystal content showed better green strength but slower adhesion development as a result of hindrance to moisture diffusion by the crystalline structure. With mixed two isocyanate and adding a catalyst to improve the cure rate and rheological properties of PUR. The fast adhesive including A4, A8, MD3, NHM3 and NHM3A4. As a result in lap shear strength test, the MD3, NHM3 and NHM3A4 at 0.5hr have a higher green strength and more than 1.6 kgf/cm2 with rubber substrate. And in the final cured strength, the MD3 is 60.25 kgf/cm2 with PC substrate and the adhesion failure modes belong to substrate failure. These fast adhesives with rubber substrate are substrate failure in final cured strength.

碩士
逢甲大學
紡織工程所
95
This study presents the preparation and physical properties of Polyurethane Hot Melt Adhesive（PUHMA）based on polybutylenes adipate （PBA）as soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate （IPDI） as hard segment, 1,4-butane diol（1,4-BD）as chain extender and dibutyltin dilaurate （DBTDL） as catalyst. The polymerization was proceeded without adding any solvents in a two-pots process. . The morphology of the PUHMA were studied by X-ray and FT-IR spectrum. The thermal properties of the PUHMA were evaluated by TGA and DSC spectrum. The molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of the PUHMA were measured by GPC analysis. The T-peel tests of the PUHMA were measured by Instron strength tester. The adhesive propertied of the PUHMA laminated fabric were measured by T-peel strength tester. . The FT-IR graph of the PUHMA showed that the main peak of －NCO group disappeared in the wavelength of 2200 cm-1, which revealed a successful polymerization in preparing PUHMA. From the X-ray diffraction spectral analysis of the PUHMA, the graph showed two peaks at 21.3° and 24° in 2θ-axis, which corresponds to the (110) and (020) diffractions, respectively. The crystallinity of the PUHMA was increased as the hard segments ratio raised. Thermal properties of the PUHMA were increased to Tg as the hard segment increased. Melting point （Tm） and melting enthalpy of the PUHMA were in propertional to the molecular weight. The enhencement of hard segments of the PUHMA attributed to a small and narrow distribution of molecular weight. For the T-peel test of the PUHMA, it revealed a maximal adhesive strength correspond to the curing time. Consequently, the optimal adhesive strength was achieved if the molecular weight ratio of IPDI╱PBA╱1,4-BD was 1.0：0.8：0.2 （NCO╱OH＝1）. The similar result was also obtained in the curing time of 72 hr.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
分子科學與工程系有機高分子碩士班
107
Polyamide, also known as nylon, was originally an important synthetic fiber raw mate-rial before it developed into engineering plastics. It is also the earliest engineering plastics. It has unique wear resistance, good friction coefficient, and excellent heat and impact re-sistance. It is widely used in textiles, shoe materials, automotive and aerospace parts, and industrial materials. This research uses the patent hierarchy search method to retrieve the technical charac-teristics of low melting point polyamines hot melt adhesive, and then analyzes the synthesis technology of low melting point polyamines hot melt adhesive materials by using the pa-tented power matrix analysis. Specifically, the research of this study The purpose is to hope that the industry will further improve the current status and trends of low melting point pol-yamines hot melt adhesive materials through patent analysis, and as a follow-up technology research and development, innovation or avoidance of design data sources, to break through patent barriers, create technological innovation, and then enhance Industrial competitive-ness.

碩士
國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
97
During the silicon wafer manufacture procedure , after slicing and edge contouring , silicon wafer surface results in saw mark and damaged layer and affects the following manufacture procedure . This research tries to combine new hot-melt adhesive pad with free SiC slurry to grind silicon wafer which makes silicon wafer surface quality smooth and reduces subsurface damaged layer. In hot-melt adhesive pad aspect , the pad is made from thermosetting plastic materials(Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate) . Manufacture procedure of the hot-melt adhesive pad is to use hot-melt adhesive spray machine to heat hot-melt adhesive materials which become molten state and then use spray gun of 0.5 mm aperture to form hot-melt adhesive fiber by the high-pressured method and finally spread SiC particles(#8000) on hot-melt adhesive fiber ; the advantage of hot-melt adhesive pad , moreover , the cost of hot-melt adhesive material is cheap and it’s elastic characteristic can cushion action force between pad and silicon sample ; finally , we can select the best pad to grind silicon sample by analyzing the hot-melt adhesive pad characteristic , and we find that hot-melt adhesive pad exist a suitable hot-melt adhesive layer to let pad sustain complete shape.The experiment parameters include feed rate , load , grinding speed , SiC concentration , grinding cycle , then use precision instrument (SEM , AFM , TEM , Raman) to examine silicon sample surface and analyze subsurface microscopic structure after grinding silicon sample . In silicon wafer surface quality and subsurface damaged layer aspect , according to the experimental result , when feed rate 0.5 mm/sec , load 50 g , grinding speed 8000 rpm , SiC concentration 15% , grinding cycle 3 times , surface roughness can be improved from Ra : 41.91 nm to Ra : 2.45 nm , and then subsurface damaged layer can be improved to about 150 nm , finally the silicon sample surface exists amorphous layer by using raman spectral analysis and computes it’s thickness about 10 nm .

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
化工與材料工程系
105
Polyurethane reactive adhesive (PUR) can be manufactured as one package and their application is easy. They have good adhesion, abrasion resistance, thermal stability, hardness, chemical and solvent resistance. PUR is an isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer (PU prepolymer) that can be cured after application by reaction with ambient moisture. PU prepolymer coating on release paper with the temperature range from 90~120 degree C and viscosity from 5,000 degree to 8,000 degree. PUR of this study is tested the different polyisocyanates, polyols, thermoplastic resin, and catalysts. The characteristics of film have also been measured by attenuate total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and universal testing machine. According to these experiments and analysed results, we obtain the following conclusions: first, in the part of different NCO contents: the melt viscosity decreased with increased NCO content of the PU prepolymer. In addition, PUR film's tensile strength increased as the hard segment content increased. Second, in the part different type of polyesters: PUR prepolymer with higher crystalline showed better final strength but slower adhesion development as a result of hindrance to moisture diffusion by the crystalline structure. Third, in the part of plywoods: PUR blend the PMMA also increased the semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) that improvement the tensile strength. The melt viscosity and tensile strength increased with content of PMMA. Furthermore, open and setting time decreased. Finally, composites were made of glass fiber or carbon fiber laminated PUR were studied by flexural strength and flexural modulus. According to the study the best wettability is code E08, therefore flexural strength is higher than others.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
105
This study uses ultraviolet (UV) to prepare hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) without organic solvent, which is applied to seamless bonding technique for nylon fiber to solve the problems in HMPSA, The heat energy of the bulk polymerization exothermal reaction cannot be released rapidly, so that the macrochain generates gel; The solution polymerization time is too long and the organic solvent is difficult to be recovered; and to implement rapid production. This study is divided into three parts for discussion, synthesizing acrylate oligomer by UV curing, preparing HMPSA by UV curing, and hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive process optimization parameter design and practical validation, aiming to implement not using solvent, low temperature bonding and rapid production. Part 1 is the synthesis of acrylate oligomer by UV, the raw materials are: The soft monomer butyl acrylate (BA) endues the hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive with tack property, the functional monomer acrylic acid (AA)、beta-carboxyethyl acrylate (BCEA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) provides the hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive with cohesive strength, the photoinitiator Diphenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) performs free radical polymerization in UV to enhance the cross-linking level. The Functional group structure, molecular weight and its distribution index, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of oligomers are analyzed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy、gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the maximum gel content is 95.89% when the addition of BA 90 wt%, AA 10 wt%, and TPO 8 phr, meaning the crosslinking effect is good, favorable for subsequent preparation of HMPSA. Part 2 is preparation of HMPSA by UV curing. The acrylate oligomer of the first part is used as basic resin, the mixture of photoinitiator (TPO) and reactive diluent (glycidyl methacrylate, GMA) is coated on the release film, the HMPSA is formed by UV curing. The TPO performs free radical polymerization in UV, increasing the gel content to upgrade the degree of crosslinking, the GMA can increase the Tg to enhance the cohesion. The HMPSA is placed between two pieces of nylon fiber fabric for hot pressing (1 kg/cm2, 100 ℃) bonding test. The optimum experimental combination is BA 90 wt%, AA 10 wt%, TPO 8 phr and GMA 30 wt%, the ΔE (total chromatic aberration) of HMPSA prepared by UV curing is 1.86, the ΔL (bright-dark difference) = -17.52, Δa (red-green difference) = -1.25, Δb (yellow-blue difference) =1.40, after 50 times of washable test and -30 ℃ low temperature test, the peel strength and shear strength are higher than 1.0 kg/cm and 13 kg/cm2 respectively. Part 3 is HMPSA process optimization parameter design and practical validation. The taguchi method and elimination et choice translating reality (ELECTRE) are used for experimental design to reduce the number and cost of experiments and to look for the product optimization process parameter combination. The hot pressing bonding test is implemented, after 50 times of washable test and -30 ℃ low temperature test, the peel strength and shear strength are higher than 1.0 kg/cm and 13 kg/cm2. The adhesion is enhanced effectively, meeting the requirement specifications for seamless bonding of nylon fabric of textile mills.

碩士
明志科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
106
Recently, the global hot melt adhesive (HMA) market grows rapidly. HMA producers facing the rapidly growing global market and multinational competitors, all strive for the survival. To stand out in the market and ensure their competitive advantages, optimizing the supplier selection mechanism has been the most important task for HMA producers. In HMA product costs, material costs accounted for more than 80% in the cost of the whole product. Especially, the petroleum resin accounts for about 25% ~ 50% of HMA production cost. Therefore, selecting optimal price and superb quality and conforming to the certification of petroleum resin are several important factors for HMA producers to select competitive petroleum resin suppliers. This study used Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method to objectively select the most appropriate petroleum resin suppliers for HMA producers. First, through expert interview and literature review to evaluate the elements, this study induced five dimensions, including costs, research and development capabilities, quality, service and organization operation management, and 15 detailed assessment criteria for HMA producers to select petroleum resin supplier. Next, through expert interview and questionnaire investigation, this study collected the expert opinions, summed up the weights of various dimensions and assessment criteria. Finally, the most appropriate petroleum resin supplier was selected for HMA producers.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia de Polímeros
No âmbito dos artigos de revestimentos para área hospitalar, verifica-se que o consumidor está cada vez mais exigente no que diz respeito ao bem-estar, conforto, funcionalidade e segurança. Ao longo dos últimos anos, o sector dos revestimentos tem procurado encontrar novos materiais que vão ao encontro das necessidades dos consumidores. Para além das questões de proteção e competitividade, as recentes exigências estão relacionadas com materiais que sejam amigos do ambiente, redução de energia e redução de desperdício. Desta forma, neste trabalho foi estudada a possibilidade de desenvolver um Coatinghot-melt adesivo Poliuretano reativo (PUR), com a finalidade de se obter um revestimento para colchões de uso hospitalar em substituição dos coating tradicionais à base de solvente, cuja aplicação industrial está associada a problemas ambientais. Criou-se assim um novo produto, revolucionário e com características específicas, nomeadamente: baixa densidade, impermeabilidade, estabilidade dimensional e elevada resistência mecânica. Após uma exaustiva pesquisa bibliográfica e um breve estudo do mercado, com o intuito de parametrizar as propriedades do produto final, realizaram-se diversos ensaios, com os diferentes materiais até obter um coating inovador, com caraterísticas superiores a Coating tradicionais. No âmbito deste trabalho, foi elaborado um Coating impermeável, higienizável e colorido. Este tipo de protectores irão adaptar-se mais facilmente ao colchão, após uso tem uma recuperação de dimensão aproximando-se bastante da dimensão inicial, sendo um revestimento de poliuretano reativo (PUR), é um termoplástico daí reúne as suas vantagens; após de processado tem estabilidade dimensional, não se deforma com a temperatura, não liberta gases tóxicos entre outras. Aplicou-se cor no revestimento através de um foil, por este processo, o foil e o poliuretano reativo (PUR) transformam-se num só produto “híbrido”, a coloração e o Poliuretano reativo “misturam-se”, obtendo-se um revestimento colorido com elevada solidez de cor. Sendo possível amaciar, com acabamento em calandra. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que o revestimento de Poliuretano Reativo (PUR) hot-melt adesivo pelo processo multi-rolo pode ser substituído pelo Sistema de coating “tradicional” com base em solventes, permitindo responder à dualidade que a sociedade requer: o aumento de lucros e, simultaneamente, a preservação ambiental.
Under the scope of Coating articles for hospital area, it appears that consumers are increasingly demanding in regard to the welfare, comfort, functionality and safety. Over the last few years, the sector of coatings has sought to find new materials that will meet the needs of consumers. In addition to the protection issues and competitiveness, recent demands are related to materials that are environmentally friendly, energy and waste reduction Thus, in this investigation we studied the possibility of developing a hot-melt Coating adhesive reactive polyurethane (PUR), with the purpose to obtain a coating mattresses for medical use in substitution of the conventional coating solvent based, whose industrial application is associated with environmental problems. This has created a new product, revolutionary and with specific characteristics such as: low density, breathability, waterproof, dimensional stability and high mechanical strength. After an extensive literature search and a brief market study, in order to parameterize the properties of the final product, several assays, with different materials, were performed until an innovative coating, with features superior to traditional Coating appear. In this work, we designed a waterproof, washable and colourful Coating with pre-defined colour for hospital use, for this example, the case of mattresses coating for hospital use. Such coating will adapt more easily to the mattress after use has a dimension recovery is quite close to the initial dimension, as the reactive polyurethane coating (PUR) is a thermoplastic gathers its advantages, after processing it maintains dimensional stability, does not deform with temperature, does not release toxic gases among others advantages. Colour was applied on through coating a foil, by this process the foil and the reactive polyurethane (PUR) are transformed into a single "hybrid“ product, the colour and the reactive polyurethane "blend", obtaining a coloured high strength coating. Being possible to soften, finishing with a calendar. The results confirm that the coating of hot-melt reactive polyurethane adhesive (PUR), by the multi-roll process may replace the "traditional" solvent-based coating system, allowing it to respond to the duality society requires: increased profits and simultaneously environmental preservation.

碩士
長榮大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
103
With the rising awareness of sustainable development all over the world, many enterprises integrate profit targets and goals with sustainable development. "Cleaner Production" (CP) covering the scope of processes, products and services, may be through the "change of raw materials", "change process", "improvement of equipment" and "strengthen maintenance" and other methods to achieve the goal of process improvement and management. Although there are a number of scholars to offer recommendations on the theory and practice of clean production, but few studies on the eco-innovation based on reducing costs. The aim of this study is to understand whether it could be balanced between Cleaner Production and cost effectiveness. This paper uses a case study of a hot melt adhesive factory with “raw material substitution”, “process equipment calibration”, “packaging material improvement”, “green building design” and “recycling five directions”, to analyze how the company through integrated environmental management technology improved the environmentally friendly production methods and achieved the cost-effectiveness. This study has suggested that with the innovative green concept and design it is possible to protect the environment and to reduce production costs. The results show that the case has received significant effect in the cost-down program with the Green Factory Certification, and the cost reducing ratio is 19.14%. Thus, it is not only production costs can be reduced but the environmental protection benefits also can be obtained with the concept of green innovation in whole business management process.

博士
國立交通大學
材料科學與工程系
87
A series of fully aromatic thermoplastic polyimides(TPI) films were prepared with various of aromatic diamine monomers and dianhydride monomers. The relations between the critical surface tension(gc) , glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal properties, adhesive strength and the molecular structure of the TPI were investigated. It is found that the gc of TPI and the peel strength between the TPI film and alloy-42 plate are higher, and the Tg is lower when the amine groups are situated in the meta position as opposed to the para position. As ether linkage is introduced in dianhydride and diamine, the peel strength between the TPI and alloy-42 plate can be improved . The peel strength of 3,3￠,4,4￠-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride(BTDA)/1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene(m-BAPB), ODPA/ 2,2￠-bis (4-[3-aminophenoxy]phenyl)sulfone(m-BAPS), and 4,4￠-oxydiph- thalic anhydride(ODPA)/m-BAPB, is10.5, 12.2, and 13.2 N/cm respectively, which is higher than the requirement of adhesive strength,10 N/cm, between the adhesive tape and leadframe(metal) in integrated circuit(IC) package. Siloxane modified polyimides, called poly(imide siloxane)s,(PISs), were also prepared. The dependence of morphology of the (PISs) on the solubility parameter of unmodified polyimides and the molecular weight and content of a,w-bis(3-aminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane (APPS) has been studied. The effect of the morphology on the mechanical properties is also under investigation. The domain formation in the PISs with the APPS molecular weight Mn = 507 g/mole is not found until the mole ratio of APPS/PIS 3 0.5% in the pyromellitic dianhydride / p-phenylene diamine (PMDA/p-PDA) based PISs and at mole ratio 3 2.7% in the BTDA/m-BAPS based PISs. As the APPS Mn = 715 g/mole, the critical APPS concentrations of the domain formation in both types of PISs are equal to 0.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The critical concentration is equal to 0.6% in the BTDA/m-BAPS based PIS film with the APPS Mn = 996 g/mole. The isolated siloxane-rich phase in the BTDA/m-BAPS based PISs becomes a continuous phase as the mole ratio of APPS/PIS 3 7.7%, 10.0% and 16.6% as the APPS Mn = 996 g/mole, 715 g/mole, and 507 g/mole, respectively. The effect of surface characteristics and morphology of the PIS film on the true interfacial adhesion between the PIS film and alloy-42 substrate has been studied. The effect of viscosity of PIS film and the surface treatment of UV/ozone ( UV/O3 ) on alloy-42 plates on the peel strength of PIS films/alloy-42 joints is also investigated. The gc of the PIS film decreases with the content and the molecular weight of APPS. The BTDA/m-BAPS based PIS films with the APPS molecular weight Mn = 996 g/mole (PIS9Siy) show two phases in all compositions and linear dependence of the gc on the surface concentration of silicon, [Sisurf], on the PIS films. The PIS film with the APPS Mn = 507 g/mole (PIS5Siy) or Mn = 715g/mole (PIS7Siy) exhibit the morphology change from homogeneous phase to inhomogeneous phase starting at the mole ratio ( y ) of APPS/PIS = 2.7% and 1.1%, respectively. The curves of gc dependence on the [Sisurf] discontinue or deflect at these two compositions respectively. The treatment of UV/O3 on alloy-42 plates improves the wetting on the alloy surface and promotes the peel strength between the PIS films and alloy-42 plates by a magnitude of 3 20%. It shows that the flowability of the same PIS films bonding at different temperatures significantly affects the bonding strength of the joints, but the flowability of different PIS films bonding at the same temperature, e.g. 400℃, is not the key factor governing the bonding strength of the joints. The true interfacial adhesion of the PIS5Si0.6/alloy-42 joint is of 80% higher than that of the unmodified BTDA/m-BAPS based polyimide film/alloy-42 joint. However, zero true interfacial adhesion is obtained between the PIS9Siy films and alloy-42 plates. The wetting kinetics study shows that the higher the siloxane content in the PIS, the higher the activation energy for the adhesive bonding process. And the phase separation significantly increases the activation energy. The scanning electron micrographs of the peeled-off PIS film surfaces from the PIS/alloy-42 joints reveal the rougher surface morphology from the sample with a higher interfacial adhesion.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
104
In this research, the composition, processing parameters, and the ability of lamination in TPU/EVA blends system co-extrusion hot melt adhesive films were investigated, which were used to produce high-efficiency environmental-friendly sewing free and solvent free lamination film for textile. In the experiment, hot melt adhesive type thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPUHM) and ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) were analyzed by melt flow index tester(MFI), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and cone/plate rheometer to determine the best processing parameters for blending. Then, raw materials were blended into certain composing by using twin screw extrusion mixer. Due to the high shear stress of the mixer, melted polymers were completely mixed and extruded into plastic particles. Analyzed by TGA, DSC, and cone/plate rheometer, the plastic particles were defined. The parameters of film process were concluded through the reference analysis above. The hot melt adhesive films were manufactured by tri-axial co-extruder. Getting the hot melt single-layer adhesive film and the double-layers film consisting of TPU base-layer and hot melt single-layer film, the plastic particles were extruded in the t-die which structure was designed for co-extrusion. As the hot melt adhesive films were analyzed through the tests of mechanical properties, peeling properties of lamination, resistance to water, and elasticity recovery, the best composition of the adhesive films and the processing parameters were concluded. Then, we added Aceox® TBEHC as a cross-linking agent to the best adhesive film in order to strengthen the resistance to water and the peeling properties of lamination. The EVA masterbatches containing cross-linking agent were blended with TPUHM in the best composing and extruded into un-crosslinked films by tri-axial co-extruder. After finishing cross-linking reaction with automatic hot-forming machine, the films were analyzed by the tests above and compared with the un-crosslinked ones. In the end, the more competitive hot melt adhesive lamination film for textile was generalized.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
材料科學與工程系
106
This study uses 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as terminal agent, and introduces terminal concept into thermoplastic polyu-rethane (TPU) hot melt adhesive, applied to seamless bonding of nylon fiber fabric. It aims to solve the high processing temperature of general TPU hot melt adhesive, and the degumming and poor adhesion resulted from colloid contraction after ultraviolet (UV) curing of acrylic polyurethane adhesive. Thereby achieving zero solvent, low temperature bonding and quick production. This study comprises 2-HEA terminal agent synthesized TPU hot melt adhesive, TPU hot melt adhesive process optimization parameter design and benefit analysis. Part Ι is 2-HEA synthesized TPU hot melt adhesive. The soft segment material is ether polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) providing the flexible and soft properties, and it has favorable hydrolytic stability and excellent mechanical performance. The hard segment is diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), giving the TPU hot melt adhesive rigid and hard properties. In the TPU hot melt adhesive reaction system, the hydroxyl of 2-HEA reacts with the isocyanato of TPU hot melt adhesive segment for terminal agent, the molecular weight decreases, and the softening point temperature is reduced. The effect of terminal agent agent concen-tration on TPU hot melt adhesive is discussed. The molecular structure is determined by using 1H NMR, the functional group is analyzed by FTIR, the molecular weight and profile exponent are tested by GPC. The peaks of 1H-NMR at δ=5.8,6.1 and 6.4ppm are of terminal ethylene in acrylate. It is obvious that the 2263 cm-1 peak disappears in FTIR spectrum, the molecular weight decreases from 59820 to 11353. Proving that the -OH group of 2-HEA has reacted with the -NCO group of TPU hot melt adhesive. TPU hot melt adhesive is placed between two pieces of nylon fiber fabric for hot pressing bonding test. The results show when the terminal agent agent content is 0.1 mole ratio and the hard segment content is 22.5%, peel strength and shear strength are 3.63 kg/in and 30.1 kg/cm2 respectively. The color difference is 0.39 (ΔE), the adhesive overflow is 1mm, the warpage is 0mm, the softness is 58mm. Peel strength and shear strength are still higher than 2.92 kg/in and 26.99 kg/cm2 after 50 times of washing fastness test, 80℃ high temperature test and -30℃ low temperature test. Part II is TPU hot melt adhesive process optimization pa-rameter design. The Taguchi method and TOPSIS are used to op-timize TPU hot melt adhesive. The number of experiments and cost are reduced effectively by using L9 orthogonal array, and the product optimization parameter combination is determined. After hot pressing bonding with nylon fiber, peel strength and shear strength are 3.87 kg/in and 31.29 kg/cm2 respectively. Part III is benefit analysis, and the processing conditions and performance of TPU hot melt adhesive of optimal parameters in this study are compared with that of the unoptimized hot melt adhesive and commercially available hot melt adhesive. The pro-cessing temperature of TPU hot melt adhesive developed in this study is 30% to 38% lower than the commercially available hot melt adhesive, and the processing pressure is reduced by 65% to 77%. The Peel strength is increased by 6.61 % compared with the unoptimized TPU hot melt adhesive, shear strength is increased by 3.95 %. The adhesion is enhanced effectively, meeting the re-quirements of textile mills for seamless bonding of nylon fiber fabric.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
96
The paper is concerned about Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer(abbr. EVA) base hot melt adhesives (HMA), which is applied at high temperature between 180 to 200℃. Regarding to the short of energy, this study ‘s main goal is to develop a new hot melt adhesives applied by lower temperature (i.e. 140~150℃) and which can hold the similar prosperities as the traditional high-temperature-applicative HMA. This study presents that the higher melt index (MI) of the EVA, the lower of melting enthalpy and total strength. The strength is similar while we adjust the relative percent of the low melting enthalpy and tackifier; when we fix the ration of low-temperature-applicative HMA, introducing the crystalline wax and change the ratio of tackifier and wax. The maximum strength is obtained by adding10% crystalline wax, which has the lowest MI value of all low-temperature-applicative HMA products.

博士
國立中央大學
機械工程研究所
99
Polishing pad is an effective tool for polishing workpiece by removing roughness on the surface. Use of polishing pad can be traced back to the ancient mirror polishing of objects of jade, bronze and precious stone. With the development and application of semiconductor production technology and wafer surface polishing the development of polishing pads is also growing in fast pace. While a lot of researches on the polishing conditions and mechanisms have been conducted few studies can be found with the making of new polishing pads. This study focuses at the combined effects on surface profiles of workpieces polished by newly developed polishing pads and polishing conditions. This study employs custom made hot melt adhesive (HMA) pad to polish silicon workpiece surface and SUS-304 stainless surface together with magnetic compound fluid (MCF). The experiments results show that the quality of HMA pad is highly dependent upon the spraying distance when coating pad surface. Surface of HMA pad coated with 5 w.t% grain mixture is of better surface roughness and uniformity (WIWNU) when polishing silicon workpiece. With respect to sub-surface layer of silicon workpiece it is found that the thickness of damage layer is around 100-150 nm and the amorphous silicon layer around 10 nm. When applying MCF polishing to silicon workpiece it is found that better surface quality may be improved as well. For magnetic compound fluid used in stainless workpiece polishing it is found that a mixture of 30 gram silicon oil with 1000 mm2/s viscosity, 10 gram of carbonyl iron powder, 1 gram of ferric ferrous oxide, 0.1 gram silica and 1 gram of Silane coupling agent may give a 6-hour may reach a suspension effect up to 6 hours. Surface roughness of SUS-304 stainless workpiece may be reduced to 0.068 μm after polished by HMA pad together with MCF as dual magnetic poles (either attraction or repulsion) always led to better iii polishing results when compared with single magnetic pole one.