Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hot and humid climate'
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1
Kutintara, Benjamas. "Home Environments and Allergen Avoidance Practices in a Hot, Humid Climate." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27856.
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The purpose of the study was to examine home conditions, housing satisfactions, and allergen avoidance practices of people with allergic rhinitis, focusing on female patients who lived in an urban area in a hot, humid climate. The Morris and Winter theory of housing adjustment provides a theoretical base for this study. Nine hypotheses were tested to investigate interrelationships among home conditions, housing satisfaction in terms of health issues, allergen avoidance practices, and age. A sample of 41 female allergy patients aged 20 to 77 years completed a screening questionnaire and an in-depth survey questionnaire. The researcher visited their dwellings to conduct home observations and to take photos.Dust mite allergens were reported as the most common allergy triggers. Presence of cockroaches, presence of furry pets outdoors, molds in bathrooms, and molds in kitchens were the most common problematic home conditions. Open shelves, bookcases, drapes, horizontal blinds, and foam rubber pillows were the most common allergy related items found in respondents' bedrooms. Concerning health issues, the majority of the respondents were satisfied with their homes. Allergen avoidance practices were not followed regularly, particularly, using allergen-proof pillowcases and sheets, washing bedding in hot water, wearing a particle mask when vacuuming, using an exhaust fan, an air cleaner, a dehumidifier, and cockroach traps. The respondents who received suggestions from doctors were more likely to follow allergen avoidance practices than those who did not receive suggestions.The result shows a significant negative relationship between problematic home conditions and housing satisfaction in terms of health issues. A significant negative relationship between age and allergen avoidance practices was found. Older sufferers were less likely to use allergen-proof products. They also lived in older homes that were more likely to have allergy related conditions. The most common obstacles that prevented respondents from improving their homes in order to avoid allergens were cost of products, emotional attachment to pets, not having time to improve homes, and procrastination. Based on these findings, design recommendations, home maintenance recommendations, and lifestyle practice recommendations were developed.Ph. D.
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Rasisuttha, Sakkara. "An investigation of methods for reducing the use of non-renewable energy resources for housing in Thailand." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2297.
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The purpose of this research is to develop methods that reduce energy consumption in a
residential building in a hot and humid climate region (Thailand) using efficient architectural
building components and renewable energy (solar energy) to produce electricity, domestic hot
water, and supplemental cooling by night sky radiation.
Improving the architectural building components, including building materials, is an option
to reduce energy consumption in a building. Using renewable energy sources is another option to
reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy. In residential buildings, solar energy has been
utilized for space heating and domestic hot water using active solar collector systems and for
generating electricity using photovoltaic (PV) systems. One photovoltaic system, the hybrid
photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system, has been developed by several researchers over the
last 20 years. The hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collector system is a combination
photovoltaic (for producing electricity) and solar thermal collector (for producing hot water).
Theoretical and experimental studies of this collector have highlighted the advantages of the hybrid
PV-T collector system over separate systems of PV and solar collector in term of system efficiency
and economics. Unfortunately, very little experimental data exists that demonstrates the
advantages of a combined system. Therefore, one of the objectives of this study conducted was an
experimental study of this system as an auxiliary energy source for a residential building.
Night sky radiation has also been studied as a cooling strategy. However, no attempt so far
could be found to integrate it to a hybrid PV-T collector system. The night sky radiation strategy
could be operated with the hybrid PV/T collector system by using existing resources that are
already present in the solar system. The integration of the night sky radiation into the hybrid PV-T
collector system should yield more productivity of the system than the operation of the Hybrid PVT
system alone.
The research methods used in this work included instrumentation of a case-study house in
Thailand, an experimental PV-T collector system, and a calibrated building thermal simulation. A
typical contemporary Thai residential building was selected as a case-study house. Its energy use
and local weather data were measured and analyzed. Published energy use of Thai residential
buildings was also analyzed as well to determine average energy consumption. A calibrated
computer model of the case-study building was constructed using the DOE-2 program. A field
experiment of the thermal PV system was constructed to test its ability to simultaneously produce
electricity and hot water in the daytime, and shed heat at night as a cooling strategy (i.e., night sky
radiation). The resultant electricity and hot water produced by the hybrid PV-T collector system
helped to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The cooling produced by the night sky radiation
also has to potential to reduce the cooling load. The evaluation of the case-study house and results
of the field experiment helped to quantify the potential reduction of energy use in Thai residential
buildings.
This research provided the following benefits: 1) experimental results of a hybrid PV-T
solar collector system that demonstrates its performance compared to typical system of separate
photovoltaic and solar collector, 2) results of night sky radiation experiments using a photovoltaic
panel as a radiator to demonstrate the performance of this new space cooling strategy, and 3) useful
data from the case-study house simulation results and guidelines to assist others in transferring the
results to other projects.
3
Harntaweewongsa, Siritip. "Thermal and lighting performance of toplighting systems in the hot and humid climate of Thailand." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4186.
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This study evaluated the potential of toplighting systems in the hot and humid tropics by using Bangkok, Thailand (latitude 13.7ðN) as a test location. The analysis tested both the thermal and lighting performance of three toplighting systems. Toplighting, designed for use in one-story buildings or on the top floor of taller buildings, yields a uniformly distributed light throughout a space. However, in lower latitude locations, where there is no heating period, heat gain is a critical design issue since it significantly affects the annual energy consumption of the building. Accordingly, the decision to use toplighting in these locations needs to be carefully examined before any design considerations occur. In this study, the thermal and lighting performance of three toplighting systems were compared. For the thermal performance, total cooling loads, heat gains and losses, and interior temperature were evaluated. The lighting performance parameters examined were daylight factor, illuminance level, light distribution, and uniformity. EnergyPlus was used as the thermal analysis tool, and RADIANCE, along with a physical scale model, was used as the lighting performance analysis tool. The sky conditions tested were overcast, clear sky, and intermediate sky. Results have shown that, for locations with hot and humid climates with variable sky conditions such as Bangkok, Thailand, the roof monitors perform better than the other two systems in terms of the thermal and lighting performance. With similar cooling loads, the roof monitor provides better illuminance uniformity than the skylights and lightscoops, with adequate illuminance level (at mostly higher than 500 lux).
4
Zhu, Jiang. "Simulation Study of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System in the Hot-Humid Climate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84306/.
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The beachfront hotel with hybrid geothermal heat pump system (HyGSHP), located in the hot-humid climate, is simulated by TRNSYS in the thesis, and the simulation results are validated by the measured data. The simulation of alternative HVAC systems, complete ground source heat pump and conventional air source heat pump, are included to conduct the comparative study with HyGSHP based on the energy consumption and life cycle analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of HyGSHP are discussed in the thesis. Two ground source heat exchanger parameters, U-tube size and grout materials, are investigated in order to study the effects on the ground heat exchanger thermal performance. The preliminary work and results are shown in the thesis.
5
Canbek, Cetin. "Life-cycle cost study of ground source heat pumps in hot humid climate zone." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1992.
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Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are gaining recognition as a cost effective and green heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) alternative in the United States. Still, this technology is not highly utilized due to factors such as high initial investment, lack of confidence and uncertainties in cost items.
This study focuses on the reflection of the variations in cost items on the feasibility and life-cycle cost of a typical GSHP system. For this purpose, life-cycle costs were calculated for a typical GSHP system and cost data was gathered for several projects. Possible variations on cost variables are defined. Then, the effect of these variations on life cycle cost is analyzed on a comparative basis with a conventional system. It was concluded that the GSHP systems may not be economically favorable over a conventional HVAC systems without current incentives in hot and humid climate regions.
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Bakri, Miassar Mohammed. "Using Ventilated Envelopes to Improve the Thermal Performance of Buildings in Hot-Humid Climate." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603493.
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Many attempts have been made to design buildings that reduce the heat gain inside the building. In hot-humid region, architects deal with many forces of nature. These forces might be Rain, Humidity, and solar heat gain. Thermal mass was been used for centuries in hot-arid region as a way to limit the dry-bulb temperature swing inside the building. However, there are some architects who agree that thermal mass materials could be used in hot-humid climate. This thesis project suggests using ventilated envelope that incorporates thermal mass in the design of the ventilated envelope. The result of the experiment shows that using ventilated envelopes with thermal mass would allow the heat gained in the cladding and in the thermal mass to be released to the air cavity and therefore releasing the heat from the building to the exterior atmosphere. The ventilated facade could be improved by adding thermal insulation and by using reflective materials on the cladding.
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Toledo, Franciza Lima. "Passive environmental control for museums in hot-humid climates : guidelines for building design and fabric improvements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298176.
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AL-JABER, KHALED J. "COURTYARD HOUSES: URBAN DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION IN HOT/HUMID AND HOT/ARID CLIMATES." The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555269.
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Beamish, Anne 1954. "A tropical grammar : an architectural grammar for hot humid climates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64518.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-177).
This thesis considers the viability of an architectural grammar based on traditional Caribbean architecture as an aid to designing climatically responsive architecture in hot humid climates. It argues that since traditional Caribbean architecture is a successful response to the constraints of climate and resources, a grammar based on this architecture would produce designs with similar characteristics and therefore would still be relevant today. The purpose of focusing on the relationship between architectural form and energy use is to help designers understand the consequences of basic design decisions and to help them to use these issues positively to generate form. In order to investigate this issue, a number of questions were addressed in the thesis. They were: What are shape grammars? What is appropriate design in hot humid climates? What is traditional Caribbean architecture and is it climatically appropriate? What would a tropical grammar look like and what would it produce? and How could it be used practically? A grammar was formulated based on a set of 16 traditional Caribbean houses and as a test, two new designs were generated. Shape grammars, in their most basic form, are essentially a set of rules that if followed, will generate designs in the same family as the original set. Typically, they are used to study a particular architect's style or occasionally a building style. This thesis states that shape grammars have two serious limitations which reduce their usefulness to designers. The first is that shape grammars focus only on physical form and the second is that they do not increase the user's understanding of the reasons for the grammar rules. However, it was found that, in contrast, the process of developing or formulating a grammar (as opposed to using one) was exceptionally useful for developing a deep understanding of the architectural style or type. The thesis concludes that architectural grammars can be a very useful and accessible tool for designers: 1. if they are able to go beyond physical form to include other architectural issues and knowledge; 2. if means are developed for presenting grammars which allow users to understand the rules, and not simply follow them; and 3. if methods are developed for analyzing and evaluating the designs that are generated by the grammar. It also concludes that a grammar is a useful tool to familiarize designers with the most successful characteristics of traditional architectural vocabulary. The purpose of this type of grammar is not to copy or duplicate a style, but to learn from its practical solutions in order to create new combinations of form that would be appropriate to the conditions found today.
by Anne Beamish.
M.S.
10
Wong, Pow Chew James Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "Natural ventilation in double-skin fa??ade design for office buildings in hot and humid climate." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Built Environment, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41014.
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This research seeks to find a design solution for reducing the energy usage in high-rise office buildings in Singapore. There are numerous methods and techniques that could be employed to achieve the purpose of designing energy efficient buildings. The Thesis explores the viability of double-skin fa??ades (DSF) to provide natural ventilation as an energy efficient solution for office buildings in hot and humid environment by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and case study methodologies. CFD simulations were used to examine various types of DSF used in office buildings and the behaviour of airflow and thermal transfer through the DSF; the internal thermal comfort levels of each office spaces were analyzed and compared; and an optimization methodology was developed to explore the best DSF configuration to be used in high-rise office buildings in the tropics. The correlation between the fa??ade configurations, the thermal comfort parameters, and the internal office space energy consumption through the DSF is studied and presented. The research outcome of the Thesis has found that significant energy saving is possible if natural ventilation strategies could be exploited with the use of DSF. A prototype DSF configuration which will be best suited for the tropical environment in terms of its energy efficiency through cross ventilation strategy is proposed in this Thesis. A series of comprehensive and user-friendly nomograms for design optimization in selecting the most appropriate double-skin fa??ade configurations with considerations of various orientations for the use in high-rise office buildings in the tropics were also presented.
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Mongkolsawat, D. "Thermal operating practice in mixed-mode buildings : higher education case study in a hot-humid climate." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1415299/.
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The rapidly increasing demand for cooling in buildings and the growing evidence of ‘air-conditioning addiction’ concern energy policy makers in hot-humid countries. Despite this concern, many existing mixed-mode non-residential buildings in hot-humid climates are operated as fully air-conditioned. This research applies adaptive thermal comfort theory to address the potential reasons for this design-use mismatch and evaluate how to optimise the use of fan assisted natural ventilation in existing mixed-mode non-residential buildings in hot-humid countries in order to limit impending global climate change, focusing on the interrelationships between: individual thermal adaptability, organisational thermal adaptability and the role of facilities managers, pro-environmental attitudes, and user performance. This thesis hypothesises that Acceptance of fan assisted natural ventilation in existing mixed-mode non-residential buildings in hot-humid climates is affected by users’ perceived behavioural adaptive opportunities and psycho-physiological adaptation, as well as by facilities management practice. Higher education buildings in Thailand were utilised as a case study, and a series of student questionnaires were conducted involving a total 2,825 students in 11 Thai universities across six regions and observing 39 classes, 14 of which were instrumented and monitored during the survey. The study also included semi-structured interviews with 25 facilities managers in four universities. The findings generally supported the hypothesis and identify not only the criteria for students’ acceptance of assisted natural ventilation, but also the reasons behind the current facilities management operating practice in HE sector. Approximately 76% of students reported a willingness to accept (rather than not) the use of assisted natural ventilation in existing mixed-mode classrooms during the cool season if they perceived moderate-high opportunities (i.e. effective and probable) for using fans (3.3 times more willing than with perceived low opportunities) and windows (2.8 times more willing than with perceived low opportunities). The perceived opportunity to use fans increased when there was at least one fan per 20 students. During the hot season, 37% of students reported a willingness to accept (rather than not) the use of assisted natural ventilation if they perceived moderate-high opportunities to use fans (2.8 times more willing than with perceived low opportunities), had a high daily exposure to naturally ventilated environments (1.8 times more willing than with full air-conditioning exposure), and a low income (1.5 times more willing than with a high income). Students with high exposure to naturally ventilated environments also tended to have a high level of pro-environmental attitudes, but the direction of causality is not certain. The high level of pro-environmental attitudes could be a new driver of adaptive behaviours and the willingness to reduce air-conditioning use. Interviews with facilities managers revealed that their preference for a certain thermal operation mode appeared to be dominated by preferences for cool comfort of users with high organisational status and/or students on a high income. Universities participated in this study so far had no explicit targets of monitoring and reporting of energy use. Fans, the most effective adaptive device, had been gradually removed from many mixed-mode buildings, and facilities managers tended to rely on full air-conditioning to avoid user complaints and possible user performance drop. However, the study found that students in assisted naturally ventilated classrooms did not perceive their learning performance to be lower than those in air-conditioned classrooms, as long as they felt thermally comfortable. The risk of performance drop appeared to increase when the room air temperatures reached 31C, the upper limit of comfort boundary for fan-assisted naturally ventilated spaces. The findings highlight the gradual obsolescence of mixed-mode operation in the non-residential sector in a hot-humid climate. Air-conditioning reduction policy should target high-ranking people within organisations as their commitment is considered to be a key driver of changes in organisational thermal comfort practice. In this regard, monetary incentives alone for high-ranking and high-income users to reduce energy consumption may not be effective. Organisations should maintain the variability of thermal environments indoors and engage more with end-users to reduce air-conditioning use through practical adaptive behaviours. The key performance indicators of facilities management should not only focus on user satisfaction but also energy reduction achievement in order to encourage and empower the facilities managers to implement the more effective energy policies. Regarding the adaptive behaviours, organisations and building designers should be made aware that not specifying or removing fans could potentially shift mixed-mode buildings to fully air-conditioned operation because window opening alone could not always guarantee thermal comfort for the majority of users even in the cool season. Further research is needed to evaluate the thermal and energy performance of the existing mixed-mode non-residential building stock and the potential energy saving associated with applying assisted natural ventilation based on climate change scenarios. Practical guidelines in terms of effectiveness and practicality for mixed-mode building design and operation for hot-humid climates could then be developed. The links between pro-environmental attitudes and thermal experience needs further investigation in order to clarify the direction of the relationship. More studies using intervention approaches should be conducted to estimate the potential for user performance risks if using mixed-mode operations.
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Liu, Pei-Chun. "A modelling study of segmentation of naturally ventilated tall office buildings in a hot and humid climate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13262/.
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The prevailing paradigm in indoor environment control of office buildings often excludes natural ventilation, due to the fact that its dynamic nature may not be compatible with the close control of mechanical conditioning systems. The challenges will be greater in terms of the potential high magnitudes of wind and buoyancy forces at high levels of tall buildings. This research is concerned with the prospect of tall office buildings that are purely naturally ventilated. It is proposed that “segmentation” might offer the least risky approach for natural ventilation design of non-domestic tall buildings. Accordingly, the generic design procedure are proposed for investigating the influence of segmentation on ventilation air flows: firstly, the single-cell envelope flow model is adopted to evaluate the steady-state bulk flows through openings under a specified design condition; secondly, dynamic thermal modelling with an air flow network module is used, because of the particular importance of the coupling between the airflow and thermal process for evaluating the year-round ventilated cooling potential of targeted spaces. The chosen thermal model utilizes a multi-cell airflow network model (AFN) since the targeted buildings can no longer be described by a single-cell model; thirdly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is suggested in the later design stage to cope with insufficient resolution of local airflow distribution in previous modelling stages; finally, the overall performance of comfort ventilation is then interpreted in relation to adaptive thermal comfort theory by the use of Building Bioclimatic Charts, which offers a way of rapidly testing whether or not natural ventilation is likely to produce comfortable conditions. The novelty of this work lies not in the methodology, which uses available modelling tools, but in the evaluation of naturally ventilated tall buildings with reference to segmentation in the climatic context of Taiwan. The effect of segmentation is evaluated by comparing the overall ventilation performance under three different building configurations, namely the isolated, segmented and non-segmented tall buildings. The overall objectives are to determine whether the magnitudes of air flow rates and the resultant flow velocity can achieve the desired comfort ventilation over a range of specified conditions. Potential scenarios where the design goals may not be ensured are identified. The feasibility for naturally ventilated tall office buildings in hot and humid climates is clarified accordingly.
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Malhotra, Mini. "An analysis of maximum residential energy-efficiency in hot and humid climates." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3097.
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Energy-efficient building design involves minimizing the energy use and optimizing the
performance of individual systems and components of the building. The benefits of energyefficient
design, in the residential sector, are direct and tangible, provided that design strategies
with a substantial combined energy and cost-saving potential are adopted.
Many studies have been performed to evaluate the energy-saving potential and the costeffectiveness
of various design options, and to identify conditions for optimizing the performance
of building systems and components. The results of these studies, published in various resources,
were analyzed discretely using different techniques, and were reported using different bases for
comparison. Considering the complex interaction of, and energy flows through various building
components, it is difficult to directly compare/combine the results from various studies to
determine the energy-saving potential of combination of strategies, and to select an appropriate
set of strategies for making design decisions.
Therefore, this thesis develops a comprehensive survey and analysis of energy-efficient
design strategies and their energy-saving potential, in isolation as well as in combination, using a
DOE-2 simulation model of a prototype house in the hot and humid climate of Houston, Texas.
Optimized strategies that included building configuration, materials/ assembly for building
envelop components, and efficient mechanical and electrical systems, equipment and appliances,
were applied in combination that could minimize the annual energy use. Application of these strategies is expected to allow downsizing systems and equipment and to confirm their operation
at their rated performance, resulting in additional installation and operation cost savings.
The study is concluded by outlining the procedures for selecting optimized set of
strategies, and by developing guidelines for achieving maximum energy-efficiency in singlefamily
detached houses in hot and humid climates. Thus, this study will facilitate the selection of
energy-saving measures for their individual or combined application for developing energyefficient
residences in hot and humid climates.
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Wongwatcharapaiboon, Jitiporn. "Experimental investigations of indoor air particular matter in hot and humid climates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41531/.
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Throughout the era of globalization, industrial development and transportation have brought about hazardous air environment especially in developing countries. Southeast Asia with large number of labor and natural sources has expanded manufacturing area as well as the problem of local community being reluctant air pollutant. It seems to be double suffocation with emitting frequently forest fire fume covering some parts of Thailand and Indonesia. These reasons can lead to around 5-time exceeding of annual standard in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQs). Without fresh ventilation, filtration has become more important but it may be not affordable for low income people. So this study aims to develop low cost air dust purifier being suitable for hot and humid climate based on NAAQs and BS EN. Based on low cost and general air purifying techniques, fabric filter and solid fibre mop were selected for air cleaning efficiency evaluation in laboratory. For fabric filter, in one cubic meter wooden box, pleated fabric filter was installed in the middle of box and body spray was sourced as air particulate matter sized 2.5 micron (PM2.5). The result demonstrates air cleaning efficiency of fabric filter at 85% with high fan speed. This is equal F7 in BS EN and MERV 16 in NAAQs for fine dust filtration. Turning to solid fibre mop evaluation, mops with several sizes of fibre diameter in particular (A) 0.08-0.58 mm, (B) 0.22 mm and (C) 0.16 mm were installed in the middle of box sized 0.41 m width, 0.51 m length and 0.45 m height. The results show the highest efficiency to clean PM2.5 and PM10 at 36% in mop C and 25% in mop B respectively. Moreover, multiple mops C and A have high rapidity of air PM2.5 removal at 0.050 mg/sec in 300 seconds; while multiple mops B and C have high rapidity of air PM10 removal at 0.005 mg/sec in 300 seconds. According to performance to clean PM2.5 and PM10, mop B with TiO2 coating on solid fibre was selected to integrate within filter lamp. Environmental factors are found to affect PM2.5 concentration in different trend. Temperature responded negatively; while relative humidity provided positive relationship to PM2.5 concentration. In most case of solid fibre mops tests, relative humidity dropped PM2.5 removal efficiency, but increase PM10 removal efficiency. However, high relative humidity and temperature in the filter lamp tests were set high as same as in tropical climate. After laboratory tests, fabric filter was combined within floor lamp as lamp shade and solid fibre mop was set in the middle core of lamp with coated TiO2 2.0% concentration and UV light bulb. Fan unit was set in the bottom of lamp in order to control system flow speed in application system. The application was placed in 2.5x2.5x2.5 m3 bedroom for cleaning indoor PM2.5 in six different algorithms comparing to existing PM2.5 concentration. The best efficiency of PM2.5 removal is 99.07% of regime F with fabric filter, TiO2 coating mop and fan speed at 3 m/s. This is also ranked into F9 in BS EN and MERV16 in NAAQs for fine dust cleaning filtration. Without photocatalytic process in regime B, C and D, the application could be used in lower efficiency. Higher fan speed was substantial effect on PM2.5 removal efficiency and rapidity for filter lamp. This filter lamp was found high efficiency to clean indoor PM2.5 in hot and humid condition. Based on low cost development, this application can be applied with natural ventilation system in buildings in Southeast Asia hot and humid climate. Also other conditional climate buildings may integrate this application with lower air cleaning efficiency.
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Denan, Zuraini. "Assessment of window and lighting design in office buildings under daylight condition of a hot-humid climate, Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55368/.
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The study explores the potential use of daylight in the office environment in a hot-humid climate of Malaysia, thus, to reduce the dependency on electric lighting and to create the potential for a more pleasing daylit environment. The thesis has investigated glare, seating orientations, window design, preference of lighting, lighting and visual comfort regulation, visual comfort and visual performance and computer simulation on glare in Malaysian offices. It has developed tools for assessing the visual environment in offices (in the field), focusing on the Malaysian conditions of daylight in office design. Specifically, it has investigated the current window and lighting application in office buildings through office workers' assessment using a questionnaire survey. It has assessed the current window and lighting application in office buildings based on field measurements. It has assessed visual and lighting condition and visual task performance using a Landolt Ring chart under a daylit office environment. Finally, it has analysed glare of a daylit office using computer simulation, Radiance. The major findings of the thesis show that a daylit office can be successfully used to provide an acceptable visual environment and reduce electric lighting within. However, there are some qualifications to this conclusion. Firstly, it has been found that daylight should be controlled either using timed glazing or shading devices. Secondly, the acceptable of a daylit environment depends on a certain extent on seating positions relative to windows. Interestingly, the best rated seating position reported by subjects is the least productive for visual task performance. Finally, it appears that glare calculation used in the advanced computer program is not suitable to calculate glare for Malaysian daylight condition. The western guidelines for visual comfort can be applied as general guidelines, with caution that Malaysian daylit conditions are expected to include a wider range of daylight levels
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Adaji, Michael Utenwojo. "Thermal comfort in a hot-humid climate through passive cooling in low-income residential buildings in Abuja, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67935/.
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The research investigates the thermal performance of residential buildings in Abuja, Nigeria during the dry and rainy seasons. A field study was conducted to understand the real and preferred conditions of thermal comfort in low-income residential buildings, which represent the largest single housing sector. Knowing the temperatures people are experiencing in their houses and the limits that residents can tolerate is a first step to proffer passive solutions to reduce discomfort and energy demand and then satisfy the energy demand passively. During the survey, 222 people responded to a post occupancy questionnaire and for the ten selected case study dwellings, a comfort survey questionnaire was used. Physical measurements were taken simultaneously during the comfort survey in both air-conditioned and naturally ventilated residential buildings. The ASHRAE and air flow sensation scales were chosen as voting scales. This survey further looked at possible barriers to the implementation of more sustainable approaches that would enhance passive solutions in Nigeria, since the conventional means of cooling in this hot-humid climate is becoming expensive and less satisfactory. The results from the study showed that during the dry season monitoring period, the average and maximum temperatures in the air-conditioned case studies were 32°C and 34°C; and 31°C and 36°C for the naturally ventilated buildings. This compares with the external average and maximum air temperatures of 31°C and more than 40°C. Dynamic simulation modelling was used to reveal the sensitivity of the cooling loads to various thermal interventions (e.g. insulation and shading) in the case study buildings. The optimum passive cooling intervention (involving roof and wall insulation and shading) proved to be effective in reducing the indoor maximum temperatures by more than 5°C for naturally ventilated cases and the cooling load. This translates to a monthly cost saving in the air-conditioned model of N8,110 (£16.97) which is significant compared to the Nigerian National Minimum Wage of N18,000 (£37.66). This study makes a significant contribution to understanding the real and ideal thermal conditions occupants experience in low and middle income residential buildings in Abuja and demonstrates the effectiveness of passive interventions in reducing indoor temperatures and cooling loads.
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Ismail, Ab Majid. "Wind-driven natural ventilation in high-rise office buildings with special reference to the hot-humid climate of Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247267.
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Efeoma, Meshack Oghenekaro. "The influence of clothing on adaptive thermal comfort : a study of the thermal comfort of office workers in hot humid conditions in Enugu, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25423.
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The aim of this thesis is to investigate to what extent regulated office clothing affects the perception and adaptation of office workers to the thermal conditions surrounding their work environments, focusing on the city of Enugu in South Eastern Nigeria which has hot humid climatic conditions. Clothing, regarded as a second skin, allows us to adapt or adjust to the thermal conditions in our immediate surrounding environment. It also affects our perception of the thermal environment. In some offices however employees are expected to wear regulated clothing or uniforms, during the working day; for various corporate identity reasons. Field studies were undertaken in office spaces in Enugu involving the behavioural and environmental analysis of thermal comfort conditions in six typical case study office spaces, at the Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) and Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). The thesis adopted a mixed‐mode methodological process; combining a quantitative and qualitative approach to data collection and analysis. The field research analysis found that all office spaces analysed were in compliance with the adaptive thermal comfort component of the ASHRAE Standard 55‐2013. The results however did not comply with the adaptive thermal comfort of CEN/EN 15251‐2007. The thermal sensation component of the results suggests a neutral temperature of 28.80C, with 80% thermal satisfaction, in a comfort range of between 25.40C and 32.20C. The thermal comfort vote indicates that approximately 85% of office workers with flexible clothing policy were comfortable at that comfort range, whilst only 55% of workers who had to adhere to a strict uniform policy voted that they were comfortable. The key research findings were: Firstly, the field observations and semi-structured interviews undertaken indicated that the strict uniform policy of FRSC office workers contributed substantially to the limited adaptation of staff to their workspace thermal conditions. Also, of all the thermal variables recorded during the field survey, clothing insulation had the strongest correlations to the thermal sensation of participants in the survey compared to indoor operative temperature, outdoor air temperature, relative humidity or metabolic rate. Furthermore, it is possible for workers in naturally ventilated office buildings in the hot humid climate zone of Enugu to achieve thermal comfort in higher temperature conditions through clothing adaptation.
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Hancerli, Mustafa Yilmaz. "Appropriate Passive Cooling Strategies For Hot And Humid Climates: A Case Study In Cyprus." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609401/index.pdf.
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In this study, energy conservation potential of appropriate passive cooling and basic
heat avoidance strategies were investigated for hot and humid climates. Within this
framework, thermal behavior of a case study building that is situated in Cyprus was
assessed by collecting temperature and relative humidity data from various rooms of
the building during certain days in August. Then, by using feasible simulation
strategies of the software tool Summer-Building, the effectiveness of passive cooling
measures in reducing energy consumption were examined, for summer months.
In this context, the case study building was re-evaluated by applying natural
ventilation, night ventilation and ground cooling strategies as well as solar control
and shading devices as overhangs and side fins.
Consequently, based on the results of the evaluation model, it was found that the
proposed passive cooling strategies and basic heat avoidance concepts could provide
more than 50 % energy conservation, relative to the completely air conditioned
reference building, between 1-15 August 2007.
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Mukhopadhyay, Jaya. "Analysis of improved fenestration for code-compliant residential buildings in hot and humid climates." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4162.
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This thesis presents an analysis of energy efficient residential windows in hot and humid climates.
To accomplish this analysis, the use of accurate simulation tools such as DOE-2.1e is required, which
incorporates the results from the WINDOW-5.2 simulation program to assess accurate fenestration
performance. The thesis also investigates the use of optimal glazing types, which, for future
applications, could be specified in the code to reduce annual net energy consumption to zero.
Results show that combinations of low-E and double pane, clear-glazed windows, which are
optimally shaded according to orientation are the best solution for lowering both annual energy
consumption and peak electricity loads. The study also concludes that the method used to model
fenestration in the simulation program plays an important role in accurately determining the
effectiveness of the glazing option used. In this particular study, the use of the WINDOW-5.2 program
is highly recommended especially for high performance windows (i.e., low-E glazing). Finally, a
discussion on the incorporation of super high performance windows (i.e., super low-E, ultra low-E and
dynamic / switchable glazing) into the IECC code concludes that these types of glazing strategies can
reduce annual net energy use of the window to zero.
Future work identified by this thesis includes a more extensive examination of the passive solar
potential of high performance fenestration, and an examination of the appropriate methods for
specifying these properties in future versions of the IECC code. This implies that future specifications
for fenestration in the IECC code could aim for zero net annual energy consumption levels from
residential fenestration.
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Lozano, Martha Cecilia. "A PASSIVE SOLAR ENERGY DESIGN FOR HOUSES IN HOT-HUMID AND COLD TROPICAL CLIMATES." The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555219.
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Kishnani, Nirmal. "Climate, buildings and occupant expectations : a comfort-based model for the design and operation of office buildings in hot humid conditions /." Curtin University of Technology, School of Architecture, Construction and Planning, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12749.
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Office buildings in hot humid Singapore appear to be designed for stable and uniform indoor conditions. It is proposed in this thesis that this is unnecessary, as occupant comfort expectations do not warrant it and energy is wasted as a result. A comfort-based approach to design is advocated, as a means of balancing user needs with the objective of energy conservation.This issue of how perception of comfort is linked with indoor stability emerged from the question, 'why do office buildings, despite Bioclimatic prescriptions for hot humid conditions, continue to be predominantly climate rejecting and active-run?' The literature was found to be polarised by arguments for architectural solutions that are climatically responsive and present lower energy costs, and those for engineered solutions that deliver greater, more consistent comfort, albeit through reliance on electro-mechanical systems.It is argued that comprehending the gaps in the literature, and between theory and application, requires a better understanding of occupant comfort. This would be an inside-out view of comfort and climate, predicated on how the occupant is affected by the building and the cognitive nature of comfort itself.Relying on a sample of office buildings, the thesis set out to establish the following:Prevalence of the climate-based approach, specifically Yeang's Bioclimatic ModelPrevalence of uniformity and stability of the indoor environmentOccupant perception of indoor comfort, both thermal and visual, particularly with regard to variability of ambient conditionsOccupant perception of various operational modes: passive, mixed and activeThese goals were addressed through observations of form, envelope and layout, occupant surveys and the monitoring of buildings in passive and active modes.It was found that the Bioclimatic approach is non-existent in the context of the Singapore office ++building. In the case of two Bioclimatic buildings in Malaysia, the Model is not consistently applied. This disparity appears partly due to conflicting priorities, in particular style, cost and client pressures, and partly due to assumptions about occupant comfort.The Singapore office building was found to be predominantly active-run, operating within a narrow bandwidth of temperatures across most spaces. Occupant perception of variability outside the primary workplace, however, is one of acceptance, even preference. It was found through analysis of user feedback that the office building, on the basis of comfort expectations, could be divided into three activity zones: Work, Support and Transit.This 3-tiered structure was subsequently tested through a large-scale, longitudinal survey carried out across three spaces, each representing an activity zone, within a single building. The survey was accompanied by adjustments to the building's temperature settings to test the limits of acceptance in each zone. Findings from this exercise support the notion of a three-zoned office building, in which thermal conditions for each zone could be varied without affecting comfort. Energy figures that were monitored before and after the resetting showed drops of 7.1 % in chiller consumption and 2.9% in overall consumption.These findings led to a comfort-based, tri-modal proposal for office buildings in hot humid conditions, defined as the Psychoclimatic Model for its basis in comfort expectations and the interaction between climate, building and the occupant.The implications of the thesis outcome on regulatory control in Singapore and thermal comfort theory are discussed. Recommendations are made for future research into other building types and national context, plus a parametric study into the full energy-saving potential of the Psychoclimatic Model.
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Jitkhajornwanich, Kitchai. "Expectation and experience of thermal comfort in transitional spaces : a field study of thermal environments in hot-humid climate of Bangkok." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310790.
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Jarumongkonsak, Pornput. "Development and performance investigation on solar-powered thermoelectric radiant cooling in building-integrated system for a bedroom under hot and humid climate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33629/.
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In order to replace a conventional air-conditioner (AC) based on vapour compression technology that directly has high global warming potential and also currently consumes the most fossil fuel primary energy in building sector of tropical countries for generating thermal comfort on sleeping purpose, other alternative green space cooling technologies, as thermoelectric cooling (TEC), has to be improved to have same performance with AC. This research aims to develop and investigate a performance of Solar-powered Thermoelectric Radiant Cooling (STRC) system, as the combination of TEC and radiant cooling (RC) that is well known in its low energy consumption advantage. The studies were conducted through calculations, CFD simulations, system performance simulations and experiments. The results of optimum STRC system design was proved to provide better thermal and air quality performances, while the result in energy performance was depended on the TEC’s COP and vapour condensation prevention. After novel developing of TEC’s cooling channel with combined helical and an oblique fin to induce effective secondary flows that highly reduced the TEC’s hot side temperature in this research, the COP was able to increase up to 175%. Meanwhile, a novel bio-inspired combined superhydrophobic and hydrophobic coating on RC panel were able to competently repel most condensed water droplets, leaving just tiny droplets that was hard to be seen by naked eye. Finally, the COP of STRC system from house model experiment in 1:100 scales under hot and high humid climate was as high as 2.1 that helped STRC to consume electricity 34% less than AC system. Along with other benefits, as no working fluid, noise-free and low maintenance needs, the return of investment (ROI) was studied to be only 5-6 years when being operated with grid electricity and 17-18 years with PV panel generated electricity.
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Leung, Kam Shing. "Climate-responsive design for high-density tropical housing : the effect of urban morphology on the indoor thermal environment of high-density housing in the hot and humid climate." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609287.
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Batagar, Amina. "Assessing the thermal performance of phase change materials in composite hot humid/hot dry climates : an examination of office buildings in Abuja-Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2146.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Phase Change Materials (PCM) in improving indoor thermal comfort while conserving electricity in office buildings in the composite Hot Humid/Hot Dry climate of Abuja, Nigeria. The first stage is a quantitative investigation of electricity consumption in 15 Nigerian office Buildings. Purpose-built mechanically cooled office buildings are selectively chosen across major Nigerian cities and climates. The surveyed data is analysed and used to construct a hypothetical office building as a base case. Scientifically validated software DesignBuilder v3 and EnergyPlus V6 and V7 are used for the parametric analysis of simulation results. The building simulations are used in two stages, firstly to test passive and climatically responsive scenarios to reduce electricity consumption then secondly to study the potential benefit of incorporating PCM in the building fabric and its effect on thermal comfort and electricity conservation. Results show that cooling, lighting, and appliance loads account for approximately 40%, 12% and 48% respectively of electricity consumption in the buildings audited. Power outages are frequently experienced necessitating alternative power usage. A data collection method is presented for energy auditors in locations where alternative back-up power is essential. Simulation results indicate that the magnitude of energy saving can be achieved by optimizing the passive and climate sensitive design aspects of the building and an electricity saving of 26% is predicted. Analysis indicates that it is difficult to achieve thermal comfort in office buildings in Abuja without mechanical cooling. Adding such a PCM to the building fabric of a cyclically cooled mechanical building may alleviate indoor discomfort for about 2 hours in case of power outage and is predicted to save 7% of cooling load. Cyclic cooling is the cooling of the interiors long enough to maintain comfort for a maximum duration within the working hours. The use of lightweight partitions instead of the heavyweight ones common in Nigeria is shown to a 2-fold improvement in consumption. Adding a PCM to light-weight partition walls with transition temperature of 24°C, conductivity of 0.5W/m K, and a thickness of 10mm gives the best predicted energy savings.
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Ku, Hassan Ku Azhar. "The application of solar shading devices for buildings in hot humid climates : with special reference to Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389424.
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Sabater, Musa Luis E. "Thermal Delight in Santo Domingo." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490702057428385.
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Tan, Meng Hor Freddie. "Theoretical and experimental investigations of porous cooling and adaptive thermal comfort approach for tropical and hot-and-humid climates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326652.
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Costa, Angelina Dias Leão. "O revestimento de superfícies horizontais e sua implicação microclimatica em localidade de baixa latitude com clima quente e úmido." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257747.
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Orientador: Lucila Chebel LabakiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: A ocupação do solo urbano influencia na qualidade térmica dos ambientes que permeiam as edificações proporcionando a existência de microclimas diferenciados dentro de uma mesma cidade; por outro lado há uma necessidade crescente de se desenvolver novas estratégias de planejamento que utilizem dados fornecidos pela climatologia e permitam a continuidade do crescimento dessas áreas de forma que a população possa viver em um ambiente equilibrado. Nesse sentido, esta tese objetiva analisar a distribuição da temperatura do ar na área urbana de uma cidade de baixa latitude e clima quente e úmido, através da proposição de uma metodologia de medição em pontos fixos, correlacionando-a com os tipos de revestimento da superfície horizontal (cobertura e piso) existentes; tendo Natal/RN como área objeto de estudo. A metodologia sintetiza práticas correntes em estudos de campo, através da tomada de dados em 02 épocas do ano distintas (verão e inverno), hora a hora, durante 07 dias típicos, em 20 pontos fixos distribuídos na cidade, com equipamentos do tipo loggers aferindo temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Foi desenvolvida uma proteção para os equipamentos registradores para medição ao ar livre e utilizou-se de terrenos de torres de telefonia celular para as medições, pioneiramente. Também foram mapeados 0,31km2 quanto à ocupação do solo nos entornos dos pontos, com a ajuda do processamento digital de imagem de satélite. Analisaram-se estatisticamente dados dos períodos de verão e inverno separadamente e comparativamente, e os pontos de coleta semelhantes foram agrupados com relação ao comportamento térmico em 05 grupos. Além disso, foi proposto um indicador de composição de revestimento horizontal que, relacionado à temperatura do ar, gerou mapas temáticos confirmando que áreas urbanas com menor porcentagem de área permeável têm suas temperaturas mais elevadas. Verificou-se que a temperatura do ar não é homogênea na cidade; e que as diferenças microclimáticas são pequenas em valores absolutos (o que possivelmente se deve à influência da ventilação predominante Sudeste proveniente do mar), mas são significativas e devem ser consideradas. Concluiuse ainda que essas diferenças são decorrentes do período, turno e hora de medição e ainda das diversas configurações urbanas encontradas, incluindo os revestimentos das superfícies horizontais existentes na cidade (cobertura e piso), mas os resultados devem ser considerados ponto a ponto. A metodologia de medição em pontos fixos, desenvolvida e testada, pode ser aplicada em cidades localizadas em localidades de baixa latitude e clima quente e úmido, e sugere-se que a taxa de permeabilidade na cidade seja revista, considerando-se a ótica do bairro
Abstract: The occupation of the urban soil influences on the thermal quality of the cities that permeates the constructions providing microclimatic differences inside the same city; on the other hand there is a growing need to develop new planning strategies, so that data supplied by the climatology can be used and allow the continuity of the growth of those areas, so that the population can live in a balanced urban area. In that sense, this thesis aims to analyze the air temperature distribution in the urban area of low latitude cities with hot and humid climate, through the proposition of a measurement methodology in fixed points, correlating it with the types of existent horizontal surfaces pavements (covering and floor); the city of Natal/RN is the study object. The methodology synthesizes average practices in field studies, through hourly data measurement in 02 different seasons of the year (summer and winter), for 07 typical days, in 20 dispersed fixed points in the city, with loggers equipments collecting air temperature and relative humidity data. A protection was developed to equipments for outdoor recording and it was used cellular telephony towers basis for the measurements. Also 0,31km2 were mapped as for the occupation of the soil around the points, with digital processing of satellite image. Summer and winter collected data were statistically analyzed, separately and comparatively, and groups of similar points were organized regarding the thermal behavior in 05 groups. An indicator of composition of horizontal covering was proposed and related to the air temperature generated thematic maps, confirming that urban areas with higher temperatures have smaller percentage of permeable area. It was verified that the air temperature is not homogeneous in the city; that the microclimatic differences exist and are small in absolute values (what is possibly due to the influence of the Southeast predominant wind originating from the sea), but they should be considered. It was concluded that although those differences are consequence of the period, shift and hour of measurement and still of the several found urban configurations, including the coverings of the existent horizontal surfaces in the city (covering and floor), but that the results should be considered point to point. The measurement methodology in fixed points developed and tested can be applied in cities with low latitude and hot and humid climate, and in conclusion it is suggested that the permeability percentage in the city must be reviewed considering the particular occupation of neighborhoods
Doutorado
Arquitetura e Construção
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Lamb, Robert. "Analysis of net-zero energy homes and net-zero energy communities in hot and humid climates from the builders perspective." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025018.
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Bothma, Johan. "Landscape and architectural devices for energy-efficient South African suburban residential design." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22852.
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The study relates international knowledge of climatically responsive and energy-efficient design to work done in South Africa. It also explores the relevance of design devices from international regions to the climates of this country. The research approach explores existing analyses of the main climate regions and the effects of climate factors on human comfort in each, in order to derive appropriate design solutions for the climate of South Africa. In South Africa obstacles exist in the face of energy efficiency. The cheapness of electricity to the consumer and the virtual non-existence of appropriate legislation appear to be two of the most significant obstacles. Design and subsequent construction of suburban residences is carried out with little regard for climatic context. Water is shown to be a particularly scarce and unevenly distributed commodity, which the affluent have greater access to and consume in greater quantities. However, it is demonstrated that the South African climate is virtually ideal for several climate-responsive energy-efficiency techniques. Especially due to the high solar radiation levels there is potential for various active and passive solar design techniques and technologies. The impact of atmospheric temperature and humidity, wind, radiation and precipitation on human comfort is investigated. Humidity and wind are demonstrated to be very influential on human comfort, whereas radiation and wind are the most easily manipulated through design. Furthermore, the specific topography and location of a site can influence the microclimate and solar access of an area to a significant degree. The South African climate is predominantly either hot semi-arid or temperate. Most of the western interior is hot arid whereas the eastern interior and highveld is predominantly temperate, with temperatures increasing to the north and decreasing to the south. The only cool region of the country is found in the highlands of the Drakensberg, with a significant portion of the eastern coast being hot humid. Methodologies and guidelines for both layout, or macro design, and detailed design of residential suburbs are explored. The manipulation of solar radiation, sunlight and wind, as well as the management of rainwater and used household water is explored. It is shown that designing suburbs to create access to solar radiation forms the basis of solar design, with solar access control, material and surface treatment largely determining the success of individual designs. Wind manipulation is achieved mainly through planting design, influencing mostly heat loss and gain ratios into buildings. Effective household water management can substantially reduce its consumption. Further research is needed in all aspects of climate-responsive design, especially classification of the South African climate and development of design techniques adapted to this context.Dissertation (M (Landscape Architecture))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Mohammed A. "Design principles for thermally comfortable and low energy homes in the extreme hot-humid climatic Gulf region, with reference to Dammam, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3158.
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Indoor thermal comfort and its consequent energy consumption, are an increasingly important area of consideration in both developed and developing countries. The Gulf States, characterised by their composite extreme hot-humid climate and Airconditioning dependent society are renowned for their high energy consumption. The main aim of this research is to review and report on ways to enhance occupant thermal comfort in homes through improved building and system design and use that minimises energy consumption possible, in the extreme climate of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The thesis does this by measuring and analysing the thermal performance of the buildings, the thermal satisfaction and comfort responses of their occupants and the energy consumption in them during August 2013 for the summer period and January 2014 for the winter period of the study. The comfort of occupants was assessed using the adaptive thermal comfort method. Neutral indoor air temperatures were, in several homes, surprisingly high. Moreover, most of the studied dwellings do not represent thermally comfortable homes as defined within either PMV or adaptive comfort limits. The study went on to review a broad range of factors that might strongly influence neutral temperatures indoors including the properties of the dwellings, occupant behaviours and attitudes towards high energy demand, loads and costs. The findings are discussed and conclusions drawn on individual design features that contribute to the comfort or discomfort experienced by occupants. It was found that lifestyle, attitudes and other socio-cultural factors have a clear influence on the comfort and in turn energy use in individual dwellings. Although several respondents did not sincerely care about the electricity as it is cheap, in late 2015 the Saudi government hiked the price of domestic energy bills by 60% as a result of low oil prices, putting pressure on many ordinary families to take more notice of their day to day living expenses. The recent electricity price hike provides an economic impetus for the design guidance proffered in the conclusions of this thesis to be taken seriously by householders and implemented by both them and regulating authorities in order to enhance domestic buildings and in turn reduce the CO2 emissions to the global atmosphere. The conclusion of this study is broadly applicable to other regions with similar climatic conditions and cultural contexts such as the Gulf countries.
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Trinta, Patr?cia Vieira. "An?lise bioclim?tica do bairro do Renascen?a II S?o Luis-MA: realidade e perspectiva do conforto t?rmico em espa?os externos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12329.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present research concerns about outdoor s thermal comfort conditions in hot-humid climate cities, understanding that life quality is a result of the urban object s type built for the human being in an environment with specific climate and morphological characteristics. It is presented as object of study the correlation between the neighborhood Renascen?a II s microclimate in S?o Luis /MA-Brazil, hot-humid climate city, and its urban morphological changes. As well as the thermal comfort s satisfaction level of its outdoor users. The research has as general goal to diagnosis the way these transformations caused by the urbanization influence the Renascen?a II s microclimate, identifying critical spots of the studied area, in order to contribute with land use recommendations based on bioclimatic architecture concepts and supply bases to urban design decisions adequate to the S?o Luis climate. It is presented as theoretical bases the urban climate, its concepts and elements. After that, the thermal comfort conditioners and its prediction models of thermal comfort sensation in outdoor are presented. The predictive models are presented along with bioclimatic assessment methods. Finally the use of bioclimatic assessment as an effective tool to identify places that need changes or preservation in order to seek environment quality. The applied methodology was based on the studies of Katzschner (1997), complemented by Oliveira s (1988) and Bustos Romero s (2001) studies that suggest an analysis and evaluation of maps of topography, buildings floors, land use, green areas and land covering, in order to overlap their characteristics and identify climate variable s measurements points; then a quantitative analysis of the climate variables (air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction) of the chosen points takes place. It was perceived that Renaissance II has no permanence areas as squares or parks, its outdoor has little vegetation and presets high land impermeability and built density levels. The majority of the people interviewed said that was comfortable in a range of air temperature between 27,28?C and 30,71?C. The elaboration of a neighborhood master plan is important, which defines strategies for improvement of the life quality of its inhabitants
O presente trabalho parte das preocupa??es com as condi??es de conforto t?rmico dos espa?os externos em cidades de clima quente-?mido, entendendo que a qualidade de vida neste ambiente ? fruto do tipo de objeto urbano constru?do para a viv?ncia humana em um meio ambiente com clima e caracter?sticas morfol?gicas espec?ficas. Apresenta-se como objeto de estudo a correla??o entre o microclima do Bairro do Renascen?a II em S?o Luis/MA, cidade de clima quente ?mido frente ?s mudan?as nas caracter?sticas morfol?gicas urbana e o ?ndice de satisfa??o de conforto t?rmico dos usu?rios dos espa?os externos do bairro em quest?o. Tem como objetivo geral diagnosticar a maneira como as transforma??es ocasionadas pela urbaniza??o influenciam o microclima do Renascen?a II, identificando ?reas cr?ticas da ?rea estudada, a fim de contribuir com recomenda??es de uso e ocupa??o do solo baseadas em conceitos de arquitetura bioclim?tica e fornecer subs?dios a futuras decis?es projetuais urbanas adequadas ao clima quente e ?mido de S?o Luis-MA. Apresenta-se como fundamenta??o te?rica o clima urbano, seus conceitos, elementos formadores e condicionantes. Em seguida, os condicionantes do conforto t?rmico e seus modelos de predi??o de sensa??o de conforto t?rmico em espa?os externos. Foram levantados os modelos preditivos de conforto e estresse t?rmico como ferramenta junto ? an?lise bioclim?tica. E finalmente a utiliza??o da an?lise bioclim?tica no diagn?stico do conforto t?rmico de ?reas urbanas, com sua efic?cia na identifica??o de locais que necessitam de mudan?as quanto ao conforto ambiental, merecendo aten??o ou at? prote??o; e suas estrat?gias na busca por cidades mais adequadas ao seu meio natural, resultando no urbanismo bioclim?tico. A metodologia aplicada baseou-se nos estudos de Katzschner (1997), complementados por Oliveira (1988) e Bustos Romero (2001) que sugerem uma an?lise e avalia??o de mapas de topografia, altura das edifica??es, uso do solo, ?reas verdes e tipo de cobertura do solo, para superposi??o e identifica??o de pontos para medi??o; a partir da? uma an?lise quantitativa com aferi??o das vari?veis ambientais (temperatura e umidade do ar, a velocidade e a dire??o dos ventos) nos pontos escolhidos. Percebeu-se que o bairro do Renascen?a II n?o possui ?reas de perman?ncia como pra?as e parques, as suas ?reas externas possuem pouca arboriza??o e apresenta alto ?ndice de impermeabilidade e alta densidade construtiva. A maioria dos entrevistados disse estar confort?vel em uma faixa de temperatura do ar entre 27,28? e 30,71?C. ? importante a elabora??o de um plano diretor para o bairro, definindo de estrat?gias para melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus habitantes
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Neves, Leticia de Oliveira. "Arquitetura bioclimática e a obra de Severiano Porto: estratégias de ventilação natural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-03012007-232857/.
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O emprego da arquitetura bioclimática conduz à minimização dos impactos de uma intervenção no meio e à obtenção de uma relação mais harmoniosa entre paisagem e construção. Esta pesquisa evidencia o potencial da ventilação natural como recurso para resfriamento em climas quentes e úmidos, contribuindo para o aprofundamento no estudo de estratégias de projeto que auxiliem na maior integração do edifício com o clima e contexto locais. Analisa as estratégias de ventilação natural adotadas pelo arquiteto Severiano Porto em suas obras, dada a importância deste tipo de solução para obtenção de conforto térmico em clima tropical quente e úmido. Realiza-se por meio de discussão e análise de três obras do arquiteto, localizadas na cidade de Manaus-AM, e as diferentes soluções propostas, quanto à sua adeqüabilidade e eficiência. A análise se divide em duas etapas: primeiramente a análise qualitativa e descritiva, baseada em leitura de projeto, onde é verificada a incorporação de conceitos bioclimáticos nas edificações e são identificadas as soluções de ventilação natural propostas, através do desenho e caracterização dos sistemas encontrados; seguida da análise quantitativa, realizada através de pesquisa de campo e medições das variáveis ambientais temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do ar. A análise dos resultados foi realizada com base nos métodos de Mahoney e ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, assim como em alguns parâmetros obtidos em literatura especializada. Pôde-se identificar as estratégias de ventilação natural utilizadas, tanto cruzada como de efeito chaminé, avaliando-se detalhadamente seu desempenho nos três edifícios. A pesquisa contribui no aperfeiçoamento das soluções projetuais de ventilação natural, visando valorizar o uso de estratégias de energia passiva na arquitetura. Evidencia também a contribuição de Porto no desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura atenta a princípios bioclimáticos.Bioclimatic architecture consists in minimizing the impacts of an intervention on the environment and obtaining a close relationship between building and nature. This research emphasizes the importance of natural ventilation as a cooling resource for hot and humid climates, contributing for the study of project strategies that adjust to local context and environment. Analyses the natural ventilation strategies used by the architect Severiano Porto in his buildings, since it is an important kind of solution to obtain thermal comfort in tropical hot and humid weather. It presents the discussion and analysis of three of his main works, placed in the city of Manaus, and the efficiency of the different solutions proposed. The analysis is divided in two steps: first a qualitative and descriptive analysis, based on project examination, where the incorporation of bioclimatic concepts in the buildings is verified and the natural ventilation solutions are identified; followed by a quantitative analysis, based on field studies and measurement of the variables temperature, humidity and air velocity. The result analysis was based on the Mahoney and ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 methods, and data obtained in specialized literature. Natural ventilation strategies could be identified, either cross as stack, allowing a detailed evaluation of performance of the three buildings. The research contributes on the improvement of the architectonic solutions on natural ventilation, on the purpose of valuing the use of passive energy strategies in architecture. Valorizes also Portos contribution to the development of an architecture that is attentive to bioclimatic principles.
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Capps, Laura. "Whole-house mechanical ventilation in a mixed-humid climate." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43734.
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As building codes and green building programs require tighter home construction, the need for outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality increases. Major improvements in building envelopes and duct systems have led to decreases in heating and cooling loads causing fewer HVAC system run-time hours, and increasing the probability for air stagnation within homes with poor outdoor air ventilation. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 quantifies the amount of whole-house ventilation required based on the number of occupants and the square footage of conditioned space, but leaves the design of the ventilation system up to the mechanical engineer or HVAC contractor. In 2010, ASHRAE began requiring flow testing for confirmation of outdoor air ventilation rates, yet few municipalities and green building programs have adopted the new standard.
Builders in mixed-humid climates are forced to balance the need for outdoor air ventilation with the upfront costs for mechanical ventilation systems, and the potential for increased humidity loads and energy costs associated with mechanical ventilation strategies. One common solution employed in the southeastern United States involves a central fan integrated supply (CFIS) ventilation system controlled with an air-cycler for minimum run-time to meet ASHRAE Standard 62.2. While this system has been tested and proven to meet design ventilation rates, those tests were often conducted on homes constructed by well trained builders receiving strong oversight from building scientists and the design ventilation rates were not always ASHRAE compliant.
The following report analyzes whether the CFIS ventilation system with air-cycler controller provides ventilation meeting ASHRAE Standard 62.2 when employed by builders with minimal training and support.
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Hanafi, Zulkifli Bin. "Environmental design in hot humid countries with special reference to Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317950.
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Forsberg, Gustaf. "Control of cereal seed-borne diseases by hot humid air seed treatment /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Pathology and Biocontrol Unit, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a443.pdf.
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Sanusi, Aliyah Nur Zafirah. "Low energy ground cooling system for buildings in hot and humid Malaysia." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6815.
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This thesis presents an investigation into the viability of Low Energy Earth Pipe Cooling Technology in providing thermal comfort in Malaysia. The demand for air-conditioning in buildings in Malaysia affects the country escalating energy consumption. Therefore, this investigation was intended to seek for a passive cooling alternative to air-conditioning. By reducing the air-conditioning demand, there would be a higher chance of Malaysia government to achieve their aim in reducing CO2 emissions to 40 per cent by the year 2020, compared to 2005 levels. The passive technology, where the ground was used as a heat sink to produce cooler air, has not been investigated systematically in hot and humid countries. In this work, air and soil temperatures were measured on a test site in Kuala Lumpur. At 1m underground, the result is most significant, where the soil temperature are 6oC and 9oC lower than the maximum ambient temperature during wet and dry season, respectively. Polyethylene pipes were buried around 0.5m, 1.0m and 1.5m underground and temperature drop between inlet and outlet were compared. A significant temperature drop was found in these pipes: up to 6.4oC and 6.9oC depending on the season of the year. The results have shown the potential of Earth Pipe in providing low energy cooling in Malaysia. A parametric study on the same experiment was carried out using Energy Plus programme. Energy Plus data agreed with the field work data and therefore, this confirms Energy Plus is reliable to investigate Earth Pipe Cooling in Malaysia. Furthermore, thermal comfort of air at the Earth Pipe outlet was analyzed and the result has shown that the outlet air is within the envelope of thermal comfort conditions for hot/humid countries
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James, Carl. "Optimising strategies to enhance endurance running performance under hot and humid conditions." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e587e092-0878-4d44-8666-3469fedf27c8.
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The purpose of this thesis was to optimise preparation for endurance runners competing in a hot environment. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted, investigating acute and chronic interventions to identify the most effective preparation. The determinants of endurance performance model (Bassett & Howley 2000) facilitated simultaneous investigation of the efficacy of interventions as well as the physiological mechanisms through which interventions influence performance. Finally, a retrospective analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between physiological markers and endurance running in the heat, in order to inform training prioritisation. Study 1 investigated the validity and reliability of skin temperature (TSKIN) measurement tools at rest and during treadmill running, to identify an appropriate measurement tool for use in subsequent studies, without restrictive trailing wires. A thermal camera provided insufficient levels of validity and reliability for safe monitoring of TSKIN, while telemetry thermistors provided a viable and more convenient alternative to the criterion measure of hard-wired thermistors. Study 2 investigated the effect of evidenced and practical internal (eg. ice slurry ingestion) and external precooling (eg. ice packs, forearm immersion and cold garments) strategies during incremental running in the heat. No differences were observed across the determinants of endurance performance between cooling techniques, with both eliciting modest reductions in blood lactate accumulation, compared with no cooling, which may prevent a decrement in the lactate turnpoint speed under heat stress. However, external cooling elicited a greater reduction in TSKIN and thermal sensation, alleviating perceived thermal strain further than internal cooling. Study 3 investigated ischaemic preconditioning (IP), which may enhance endurance performance through haemodynamic and/or metabolic mechanisms, prior to incremental running in the heat. IP had no effect on the determinants of endurance performance. The thermoregulatory responses to exercise-induced hyperthermia may supersede previously reported effects of IP, which is not recommended as an ergogen prior to exercise in the heat. Study 4 investigated the effect of a chronic strategy, involving five days of controlled hyperthermia heat acclimation (HA), on the determinants of endurance performance and a 5 km time trial in the heat. Heat acclimation improved V̇O2max, the lactate thresholds and 5 km performance. Alleviated physiological, thermal and metabolic strain were observed, likely attributable to enhanced cardiovascular stability and heat dissipation. Five days of controlled hyperthermia HA appears to be a potent strategy to support endurance running in the heat. Study 5 directly compared acute (external precooling), chronic (HA) and combined (precooling & HA) strategies during 5 km running. Precooling did not improve performance following HA, despite modest alleviation of physiological strain, which may indicate an inappropriate pacing strategy. Heat acclimation improved performance further than precooling (HA +6.6%, precooling +3.7%), indicating HA should be prioritised, although precooling appears beneficial when acclimation is not possible. Multiple, linear regression indicated the physiological determinants of endurance performance do not accurately predict endurance performance in the heat (R2=0.72, standard error of the estimate =105.6 s). The unexplained variation during endurance performance in the heat may reflect a greater prominence of perceptual measures to influence running in the III heat. Preparation for competition in the heat should therefore prioritise improving perceived thermal and exertional strain under heat stress, alongside improving traditional physiological markers.
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Cocina, Frank Gregory Jr. "Climate Controls on a Mountain Stream of a Humid Temperate Region." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149260688.
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Lamb, Sara Katherine. "Examining the relationship between avifauna and green roofs in Mississippi's humid-subtropical climate." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596066.
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Human settlement displaces and fragments natural habitats. Design choices in the landscape directly affect both local diversity and extinction rates. This study seeks to understand how avifauna are responding to this new technology in Mississippi.
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Chidi, Ogbuokiri Anthony. "'Pyramid-I-City' : Mutual Symbiosis and Thermal Comfort in the Hot-Humid Context of Lagos." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508920.
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Ekasiwi, Sri Nastiti Nugrahani. "Passive method for improving indoor thermal environment for residential buildings in hot-humid region (Indonesia)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136354.
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Bourbia, Meghezzi Fatiha. "Building cluster and shading in hot dry climate." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367700.
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Venable, Adam Steven. "Women Have Higher Skin Temperature on the Back during Treadmill Exercise in a Hot, Humid Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc794927/.
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A common measurement of body temperature during exercise in a hot, humid environment is mean skin temperature collected from 3-12 sites on the body. However, such an approach fails to demonstrate localized differences in skin temperature that are likely to exist as a function of gender. The purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in skin temperature between men and women at 17 different locations on the body. Young women (21 ± 1 y; n = 11) and men (23 ± 3; n = 10) were recruited to complete a 60-min walk/jog interval protocol in a hot (34 ± 1 °C), humid (64 ± 8%) environment while skin temperature was measured. Data was analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05) and location of interaction effects determined using a Fisher’s least squares difference test. We observed a higher change (p < 0.05) from baseline skin temperatures (ΔTsk) for women in three locations: left upper back (women: avg. ΔTsk = 4.12 ± 0.20 °C; men: avg. ΔTsk = 2.70 ± 0.10 °C), right upper back (women: avg. ΔTsk = 4.19 ± 0.07 °C; men: avg. ΔTsk = 2.92 ± 0.05 °C), and right mid-back (women: avg. ΔTsk = 4.62 ± 0.14 °C; men: avg. ΔTsk =3.55 ± 0.09 °C). Individual time differences between genders occurred after 7- (left upper back) and 15-min (right upper back, right mid-back) of exercise and were maintained until the end of exercise. Women have a greater increase in skin temperature at three locations on the back following the onset of exercise in a hot, humid environment. This report provides important information regarding the implications of women exercising in a hot, humid environment.
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Sahoo, Kiriti. "A Study and Analysis of the Effect of Natural Ventilation on Housing in Humid Climate." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190193.
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Traditionally, Natural ventilation has been a strategy for achieving thermal comfort. Today it is used to lower energy needs by substituting for mechanical ventilation. Airflow patterns for natural ventilation usage depend on the climate, site location and geophysical characteristics. This master’s report investigates compares and analyzes airflow in a residence in a humid climate in India. The author utilized graphical and hand calculation methods to simulate the airflow pattern and the natural ventilation contribution to minimizing heating and cooling demands. The research demonstrated that natural ventilations strategies saved 32.95 % of the cooling load while through optimization methods the overall savings was 50.53 %
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Mileham, Lucinda Juliet. "Impact of climate change on the terrestrial hydrology of a humid, equatorial catchment in Uganda." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17227/.
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Predicted future warming in equatorial Africa, accompanied by greater evaporation and frequent heavy precipitation events, is expected to have substantial but uncertain impacts on terrestrial hydrology. Current low-resolution (~250km) General Circulation Models (GCM) are of limited use to regional and local-scale decision support systems for climate change impacts. Quantitative analyses of the impact of climate change at the local scale requires the improved representation of land-surface characteristics that is afforded by dynamical downscaling of GCM output (HadCM3) using a higher resolution (<50 km) Regional Climate Model (RCM). In this study, precipitation simulated by the RCM, PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies), is validated at regional (236 000 Km^2) and catchment scales (2 100km^2) and used to quantify the impacts of climate change on runoff and groundwater recharge in the River Mitano catchment of south-western Uganda using a semi-distributed soil moisture balance model (SMBM). PRECIS represents well the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation but substantially overestimates its magnitude at regional and catchment scales. SMBMs explicitly account for changes in soil moisture and enable assessments of climate change on groundwater by partitioning effective precipitation into groundwater recharge and runoff. The semi-distributed SMBM, calibrated with daily station data a 15-year period (1965-1980), estimates a mean annual recharge of 104 mm•a^{-1} and mean annual surface runoff of 144 mm•a^{-1}. PRECIS predicts a 17% increase in catchment precipitation accompanied by increased precipitation intensity and a 53% increase in potential evapotranspiration by 2070-2100, based on A2 SRS emission scenarios. Under these future conditions, a 62% increase in mean annual recharge to 159 mm•a^{-1} is predicted. This doctoral thesis presents one of the first catchment-scale, hydrological models driven by a RCM in east Africa and one of the first quantitative assessment of the catchment-scale impacts of climate change on groundwater in the humid tropics.
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Naldi, Matteo. "The effect of the temperature dependency of building insulation conductivity in continental and humid temperate climate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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Constant conductivity values of insulating materials are typically used in building design and assessment. However, the thermal conductivity of insulating materials changes with temperature. Linear temperature-dependent law exist for many inorganic fibrous materials such as fiberglass or rockwool, that exhibit a decreased thermal conductivity (better performance) at low temperatures, and a higher thermal conductivity (weaker performance) at high temperatures. However some insulating materials, especially the petrochemical-foamed insulation such as the polyisocyanurate (PIR), exhibit less regular behavior with poorer performance at cold temperatures.
In this scenario, using constant thermal resistance values results in actual building are different from the design predictions, with increasing building energy consumptions, greater risks of condensation issues, and decreased occupant comfort.
This thesis aims to understand the impact of the thermal conductivity change due to temperature when the insulation is used for exterior walls and flat roofs. Experimental results were used in detailed building energy simulations in the continental and humid temperate climates of Toronto and Milan respectively.
Common rigid insulating materials boards were taken into account, such as fiberglass, rock- wool, polyisocyanurate, extruded polystyrene, and a hybrid insulation system, that is constituted by two different materials, polyisocyanurate and rockwool.
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Li, Ang. "Energy demand and indoor climate of a traditional low-energy building in a hot climate." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Institutionen för teknik och byggd miljö, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6033.
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Energy demand in the built environment is quite important. China holds a large population and the energy use in the building sector is about 1/3. The rebuilding of old houses and building new low energy houses are becoming more and more popular in China. Low energy building not only consumes less energy, but also provides good indoor environment. An indoor climate software IDA is used in energy and indoor climate simulation. The traditional high isolated low energy house in a hot climate is analyzed, on a typical day in either summer or winter, or during the whole year. Energy consumptions under different parameters are presented. Results show that high isolated house may not always be suitable in a hot climate.