Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Horses'
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McKee, Tamar V. S. "Ghost herds : rescuing horses and horse people in Bluegrass Kentucky." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50024.
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This dissertation examines the cultural and historical dimensions of why certain communities in the United States are compelled to rescue animals from abuse, neglect, or death. In particular, it engages with the debate over sending “unwanted” horses to slaughter, touching upon not just the history of cultural taboo over the consumption of horsemeat and concerns about the cruelty and food safety of industrialized animal slaughter, but also what happens to such horses when they are rescued from slaughter. As such, this dissertation fundamentally asks: what makes a horse save-able and re-wanted again? What kind of lives do they go on to live and why? And how are the decisions to “rescue” certain horses and provide them with “second chances” distinctly cultural and worthy of anthropological analysis?
Based on the emerging field of multispecies ethnography, this dissertation thus examines how and why a certain population of the so-called unwanted horses, Thoroughbred ex-racehorses, are rescued from slaughter and how this practice is made culturally meaningful by the “horse people” in the self-proclaimed “horse capital of world,” the Lexington / Bluegrass region of Kentucky, U.S.A. My analysis stems from ten months of fieldwork in the Bluegrass where I conducted ethnographic research at two specific rescue operations for Thoroughbred ex-racehorses: one an equine re-training and adoption facility based at the Kentucky Horse Park called the Maker’s Mark Secretariat Center, and the other a vocational horse care program for male inmates at Blackburn Correctional Complex called the Second Chances / Groom Elite program.
Based on my research at these two sites as they are situated within a larger, regional culture intently focused on the production and glorification of horses, this dissertation concludes that the practice of animal rescue involves constant re-evaluation of the moral and economic worth of human and nonhuman animal lives that were previously marginalized to the point of social and/or mortal death, a concept I have termed “redemptive capital.” Redemptive capital helps measure “who” gets saved and why - and furthermore, how once a life is spared death, what implicit debt is owed one’s redeemers.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Cutter, Weston. "After Horses." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76958.
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After Horses is a a collection of narrative and verse poems centered loosely around the idea or theme of how to create meaning from the fracture and detritus of daily life. Also under obsessive consideration throughout: loneliness, the risk of human connection, the risk of a lack of human connection, the impossibility of language, hope as illuminating and good thing, hope as desperate and devouring thing, and an underlying fear and awareness of the fact that no one can be sure of what ultimately matters, anyway.Master of Fine Arts
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Marshall, Michelle. "Developmental orthopaedic disease in thoroughbred foals an epidemiological comparison between a stud in Ireland and a stud in Australia /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5004.
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Thesis (M. Sc. Vet. Sc.)--University of Sydney, 2008.Includes graphs and tables. Title from title screen (viewed June 11, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Veterinary Science to the Faculty of Veterinary Science. Degree awarded 2008; thesis submitted 2007. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Self, Zoe T. "The biomechanical factors limiting athletic performance in racehorses." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572480.
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Filter, Renate Dorothea. "Characterisation and co-expression of the two outer capsid proteins of African horsesickness virus serotype 3." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12072006-122829.
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Weyer, Camilla Theresa. "African horse sickness virus dynamics and host responses in naturally infected horses." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25558.
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African horse sickness (AHS) is a life threatening disease of equids caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), a member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae. The virus is transmitted to horses by midges (Culicoides spp.) and the disease is most prevalent during the time of year, and in areas where the Culicoides spp. are most abundant, namely in late summer in the summer rainfall areas of the country. Whilst the clinical signs and presentation of the disease were well documented by Sir Arnold Theiler (1921), very little is known or documented about AHSV dynamics or the clinical pathological and serological responses of horses to natural infection with AHSV. This dissertation describes the history and current knowledge on AHS, and the methods and results of a prospective study on natural AHSV infection of horses, undertaken between 2009 and 2010 by the Equine Research Centre (ERC) at the University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Onderstepoort. This study is the first documented study of its nature and included animals of various ages and therefore variable vaccination status. The objectives of the study were to describe the viral dynamics of AHSV infection in horses, to gain a better understanding of the clinical pathological and serological responses to natural AHS infection and to demonstrate early detection of AHS infection in horses under field conditions.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Upjohn, Melissa. "Health and welfare of working horses in Lesotho." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572482.
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Although equine charities’ presence in developing countries is assumed to improve working equine health, little scientifically substantiated information is available on the impact of such projects in targeted communities or about communities’ horse health priorities. This work aims to (i) evaluate and quantify the impact of World Horse Welfare training in farriery, saddlery and nutrition-related interventions on health of Lesotho’s working horses (ii) elicit community priority horse health topics using participatory methods for comparison with topics identified using epidemiological techniques. A baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted before World Horse Welfare’s first training course, with two follow-up surveys 9 and 20 months after first year course completion. Each followed a standardised clinical examination protocol for horses and administered a structured questionnaire on equine husbandry/primary health care knowledge and practices with study horses’ owners. Standardised data on tack used on horses was also collected. Data was analysed quantitatively to assess changes in equine health and tack parameters and owners’ knowledge and practices over the intervening period. Following impact evaluation, owner discussion groups were convened, employing participatory facilitation techniques to elicit owner-specified key horse health-associated issues and their priority order. Limited changes in farriery-related parameters were identified, but few saddlery-related improvements resulted; problems including high prevalence of poor tack and tack-associated injuries persisted. High prevalence of suboptimal body condition score, sharp enamel teeth points, parasite infestation, overgrown hooves and adverse clinical pathology parameters persisted throughout the study. Owners’ basic husbandry knowledge and application remained variable. Community-specified horse health priorities were mouthcare, nutrition, disease management, feet and husbandry. Engaging horse owners to understand country-specific issues and elicit community priorities is essential before designing interventions to improve equine health. A complex change process involving owner knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, underpinned by community support and bespoke step-wise interventions is required to achieve sustainable equine health improvements.
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Gomaa, Naglaa Abdel Megid. "Clinical and clinicopathological studies in healthy horses and horses with colic." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-69992.
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In order to investigate the effect of food restriction on fat mobilization in horses with impaction in left ventral colon during treatment, serum triglycerides, NEFA and total bilirubine (TB) were measured before and after treatment. On another side, the determination of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in serum could facilitate the distinguishing of the non-strangulating intestinal obstruction from the potential fatal strangulation obstruction and could submit a new prognostic biochemical parameter for intestinal strangulation. With the intention of giving a highlight over the analgesic effect of Buscopan® compositum in horses with colic, it was attempted to investigate the effect of Buscopan® compositum on the intestinal motility of healthy conscious horses in different regions of intestine. A significant elevation of NEFA and TB was observed in horses with impaction in left ventral colon at admission. By relieving the impaction, there was a significant elevation of triglycerides in comparison to its level at admission. There was a significant increase in ADH activity in all horses with acute intestinal obstruction. ADH activity was significantly higher in horses with strangulation in comparison to non-strangulation obstruction. There was only a significant correlation between ADH and lactate in horses with non-strangulation obstruction and colon torsion. Only AST and GLDH were significantly increased in horses with colon torsion. ADH activity > 20 U/l had 80.56% specificity and 80.49% sensitivity for discriminating horses with intestinal strangulation from non-strangulation obstruction. ADH activity < 80 U/l had 94.44% specificity and 66.67% sensitivity for survival. Buscopan® compositum had an immediate, rapid and significant (p< 0.05) reduction of duodenal, cecal and left ventral colon contractions after application. Cecal and left ventral colon contractions restored rapidly their normal contractions after 30 min, while duodenal contractions returned to the normal rate after 120 min of Buscopan® compositum administration. The horses with impaction in left ventral colon are susceptible to fat mobilization during the period of treatment as a result of food restriction. It was characterized by a revisable hypertri-glyceridemia and hyperbililrubinemia. Serum ADH activity could have a useful clinical value in detecting the intestinal strangulation and predicting the prognosis in horses with intestinal strangulation. Buscopan® compositum at its therapeutic dosage has an immediate, potent, short-lived reductive effect on cecum and left ventral colon contractions but a minor, longer effect on the duodenal contractions. Therefore, it is thought to be more effective in treatment of spasmodic colic than in large colon impactionUm den Effekt der Nahrungskarenz auf die Fettmobilisation bei Pferden mit Verstopfung der linken ventralen Längslagen des Kolons während der Behandlung zu untersuchen, wurden Triglyceride (TG), freie Fettsäuren (FFS) und Gesamtbilirubin (GB) bestimmt. Andererseits ermöglicht die Bestimmung der Aktivität der Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH) im Serum die Unterscheidung zwischen einer nichtstrangulierenden intestinalen Obstruktion und einer potentiell tödlichen Strangulation. ADH kann somit als ein neuer prognostischer biochemischer Parameter für die intestinale Strangulation eingesetzt werden. Um den spasmolytischen Effekt von Buscopan compositum bei Pferden mit Kolik zu untersuchen, wurde der Effekt von Buscopan compositum auf die intestinale Kontraktion von gesunden Pferden in verschiedenen Regionen des Darmes getestet. Eine signifikante Erhöhung der FFS und des GB wurde bei Aufnahme von Pferden mit einer Verstopfung in der linken ventralen Längslagen festgestellt. Nach der Behandlung der Verstopfung konnte eine signifikante Erhöhung der Konzentration von TG, bezogen auf die TG Konzentration bei Aufnahme in die Klinik, festgestellt werden. Bei Pferden mit akuter intestinaler Obstruktion wurde eine signifikante Erhöhung der Aktivität der ADH beobachtet. Die Aktivität der ADH war bei Pferden mit einer Strangulation signifikant höher als bei Pferden, die eine nichtstrangulierende Obstruktion des Darmes hatten. Bei Pferden mit einer nichtstrangulierenden Obstruktion oder einer Kolontorsion wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen der ADH-Aktivität und der Laktatkonzentration im Serum festgestellt. Nur bei Pferden mit Kolontorsion waren die Aktivitäten von AST und GLDH signifikant erhöht. Für die Unterscheidung zwischen Pferden mit einer intestinalen Strangulation oder einer nichtstrangulierenden Obstruktion wurde für die ADH- Aktivität größer als 20 U/l eine Spezifität von 80,56% und eine Sensitivität von 80,49% ermittelt. Eine ADH-Aktivität kleiner 80 U/l zeigt, mit einer Spezifität von 94,44% und einer Sensitivität von 66,67%, eine günstige Prognose für das Überleben des Pferdes an. Nach Gabe von Buscopan® compositum trat eine sofortige schnelle und signifikante (p<0,05) Reduktion der Kontraktionen im Duodenum, Zäkum und den linken ventralen Längslagen ein. Die Kontraktionen des Zäkums und der linken ventralen Längslagen normalisierten sich schnell innerhalb von 30 min, wogegen die Kontraktionen des Duodenums erst 120 min nach der Applikation von Buscopan® compositum den Normalzustand erreichten. Pferde mit einer Verstopfung in der linken ventralen Längslagen des Kolons sind während der medizinischen Behandlung anfällig für Fettmobilisation aufgrund der reduzierten Futter-aufnahme. Dies ist gekennzeichnet durch eine reversible Hypertriglyceridämie und eine Hyperbilirubinämie. Die Aktivität von ADH im Serum kann ein nützlicher klinischer Parameter sein, um eine intestinale Strangulation zu identifizieren und bietet sich auch als prognostischer Marker bei intestinaler Strangulation an. Die Applikation von Buscopan® compositum in der therapeutischen Dosierung hat eine sofortige, potente und kurzzeitige Reduktion der Kontraktionen des Zäkums und der linken ventralen Längslage aber einen geringen und länger anhaltenden Effekt auf die duodenalen Kontraktionen zur Folge. Daraus folgt, dass Buscopan® compositum bei der Behandlung von Krampfkoliken effektiver ist als bei Verstopfungen des großen Kolons
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Ely, Elizabeth Ruth. "Epidemiology of fractures and tendon injuries in National Hunt racehorses in training." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572131.
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Tyler-McGowan, Catherine Marie. "Training, overtraining and detraining in standardbred racehorses." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27623.
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The major aims of this investigation were to: examine the physiological adaptations to intense training over a prolonged period; relate central, peripheral and whole body adaptations to exercise and training; examine the time course of adaptations to training and detraining; and identify physiological markers or maladaptation associated with signs of overtraining.
Thirteen Standardbred horses were trained in a controlled, longitudinal study of 4 phases. Prior to the commencement of training all horses had been rested or detrained for a period of 16 weeks. Phase 1 involved 7 weeks endurance training, Phase 2 involved 9 weeks of high intensity training, Phase 3 involved 18 weeks of overload
training, and Phase 4 involved 12 weeks of detraining. In Phase 3 the horses were divided into 2 groups: overload training (OLT) and control (C). The OLT group exercised at greater intensities, frequencies and durations than the C group.
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Black, Wade Raymond. "Training responses of two-year-old Quarter horses fed rapidly fermentable carbohydrates." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/black/BlackW0509.pdf.
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Two replicated experiments (Exp. 1: May 14 to June 8; Exp.2: June 25 to July 20) evaluated effects of feeding grain to 2-yr-old Quarter horses on behavior and physiological parameters during early stages of training. In each experiment, 6 different horses were allotted by sex and weight to 2 diets; hay only or hay plus 2.3 kg/d grain. Horses were group-housed with ad libitum access to grass/alfalfa hay and water, and were individually fed 1.15 kg grain or 40 g salt (placebo) at 0800 and 1600 for 7 d prior to and during training. The trainer was blind to diet assignments. Horses were trained 5 d/wk for 3 wk and scored (1 to 5) by the trainer daily on obedience (willingness to ride with a loose rein and little leg pressure), life (willingness to move at any desired speed), and direction (suppleness in the poll and loin), while an observer scored fearfulness. A heart monitor recorded minimum, maximum, and mean heart rate daily during training. Categorical data were transformed by subtracting the daily median as each horse's score was relative to the other horses on that day. Data were analyzed as repeated measures (Proc Mixed of SAS) with horse as the experimental unit. In Exp. 1 grain did not affect (P = 0.83) obedience, while horses fed grain in Exp. 2 were less obedient during training (P = 0.02) than those not receiving grain. Horses fed grain showed greater (P = 0.05) fearfulness than horses fed hay alone. Life:direction (ideal is 1.0, > 1.0 indicates high self-preservation) was higher (P = 0.04) in horses fed grain than in those fed hay alone (1.29 vs. 1.08, respectively). Maximum heart rate was not affected (P = 0.21) by grain, while mean heart rate was higher (P = 0.03) for horses fed grain than hay alone (126 vs. 119 beats/min, respectively). Horses fed grain during training exhibited more self-preservation behavior, increased mean heart rate, and an unbalanced life to direction ratio, which could inhibit training effectiveness.
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Karlsson, Carina Palmgren. "Nutrient utilization in horses : effect of oat replacement on ration digestibility and metabolic parameters /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009767743&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 4 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.
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Müller, Cecilia. "Wrapped forages for horses /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200744.pdf.
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Båverud, Viveca. "Clostridium difficile in horses /." Uppsala : Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för veterinärmedicinsk mikrobiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6378-5.pdf.
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Tallmyren, Ronja. "Iron Horses of Democracy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432381.
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A decline in railroad-building occurred in the 20th century, which made the world think of railways as something attributed to the 19th century. In the 21st century, however, so many new railway projects are planned all over the world, that I choose to call this ‘the world’s second wave of railway development’. Because of this, the development of the discipline studying railroads’ effects on democracy, peace and war has grown immensely in importance. I try to contribute to this discipline by studying railroads’ effects on democracy in small nation-states, and specifically in Jordan. I do this by conducting a theory-testing, comparative study, using the before-after research design and congruence method and by comparing Jordan with Sweden and Albania. My theory is that railroads lead to democracy and is constituted by several theories of effects of railways and Seymour Martin Lipset’s Modernization Theory. I show that railroads have promoted democracy or changes in democratic direction in all three of the studied cases and then discuss and compare these results in an analysis along with an answer to my question. I make some remarks about further studies and think that this essay is a precursor to future process-tracing studies.
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Nieto, Estrada Jorge Alberto. "Adynamic ileus in horses /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Carstens, Ann. "Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and T2 mapping of cartilage of the distal metacarpus3 / metatarsus3 of the normal Thoroughbred horse." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32963.
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Osteoarthritis of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint is a major cause of lameness in the horse. Magnetic resonance imaging and particularly delayed gadolinium enhanced imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) and T2 cartilage mapping in humans has been shown to visualize cartilage matrix changes in osteoarthritis early in the disease process. T2 mapping is a non-invasive technique characterizing hyaline articular cartilage and repair tissue. In dGEMRIC, the negatively charged administered Gd-DTPA2−, penetrates hyaline cartilage in an inverse relationship to the proteoglycan concentration thereof. In osteoarthritis, proteoglycan concentration is decreased with increased penetration of Gd-DTPA2− due to a relative decrease in negative charge of the proteoglycan-depleted cartilage.
This study was performed on normal cadaver limbs of twelve euthanized racing Thoroughbreds. Six horses’ midcondylar distal third metacarpals/metatarsals (Mc3s/Mt3s) underwent six precontrast inversion recovery (IR) sequences for dGEMRIC T1 relaxation time calculation, as well as T2 mapping sequences using a 1.5T machine. Gd-DTPA2- was injected intra-articularly and the same six IR sequences repeated at 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post-injection at the same midcondylar sites. The distal Mc3/Mt3 cartilage thickness was measured histologically and compared to selected images of the T1 and T2 weighted sequences. T1 and T2 maps were created by fitting the respective data into mono-exponential relaxation equations for each pixel, and mean values of certain regions of interest were calculated. A second group of six horses’ fore and hind limbs were randomly assigned to two groups and the limbs either chilled or frozen, allowed to return to room temperature and scanned similarly to the first control group. Chilling and freezing effects on dGEMRIC and T2 mapping results were evaluated.
The main conclusions from this study are that IR and proton density weighted (T2 mapping) sequences can measure distal Mc3/Mt3 cartilage thickness where the cartilage doesn’t overlap with that of the proximal phalanx. However, accurate measurement was hampered by the thin cartilage in this region. dGEMRIC mapping, using intra-articular Gd-DTPA2- is a feasible technique and T1 relaxation times decrease in a similar fashion to that of the human, with the optimal time of scanning after intra-articular Gd-DTPA2- injection being 60-120 minutes. There is little effect on T1 or T2 relaxation time and mapping images after chilling and freezing of the limbs except where the magic angle effect predominates in the T2 mapping sequences.
Limitations of this study include relatively coarse spatial resolution of the thin cartilage, the overlap of the distal Mc3/Mt3 cartilage with the adjacent phalanx and the relatively low number of limbs used, resulting in low statistical power, particularly in the frozen limbs’ study. In spite of these limitations, this study provides technical information and reference values of dGEMRIC and T2 mapping in the cadaver distal Mc3/Mt3 of the normal Thoroughbred horse of value for forthcoming studies.
Future studies need to evaluate intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA2- and cartilage mapping in live exercised vs. non-exercised horses. Ultimately, dGEMRIC and T2 mapping of horse metacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joints with differing degrees of osteoarthritis should be used to attempt to diagnose early cartilage degeneration to endeavour to halt or delay its progression.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2013
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
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Hargreaves, Belinda Jane. "Vitamin E Status of Thoroughbred Horses and the Antioxidant Status of Endurance Horses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26459.
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Two times are critical for the horse ¾ the first few days of its life and the last few moments of a race. Vitamin E is critical in regard to immune competence in the first and antioxidant status in the latter. Studies conducted at the Middleburg Agricultural Research and Extension (MARE) Center include the development of horse feeds that replace sugar and starch with fat and fiber. The previous fat source of the pasture supplement under development was corn oil, which contains much vitamin E, was replaced with a cereal by product, which contains relatively little. Vitamin E has been studied in horses to a limited degree but not in grazing Thoroughbreds, thus the MARE Center gave me the opportunity to study vitamin E in Thoroughbred mares and foals. Middleburg is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains on Northern Virginia close to the site of one of the toughest endurance races in the world. This allowed me the opportunity to study vitamin E and antioxidant status in the horse during endurance racing.
Initial studies of vitamin E supplementation to mares during the last trimester of gestation were disconcerting with no changes in serum concentrations of a-tocopherol (vitamin E). Studies conducted during the post-partum period revealed evidence of responses to vitamin E supplementation, as increased a-tocopherol concentrations were observed in mares' milk and in foal serum. Foals are born with virtually no circulatory antibodies and the supplementation of a synthetic form of vitamin E to mares demonstrated an increased passive transfer of immunoglobulins to foals. Natural vitamin E has shown a greater bioavailability than synthetic forms, in other species and was tested here at the MARE Center on mares. A greater passive transfer of immunoglobulins was observed with natural vitamin E supplementation compared with the synthetic forms, with immunoglobulin M concentrations in foal serum remaining higher for a longer period after birth compared to foals of non-supplemented mares. The transfer of a-tocopherol via the milk was also increased in concentration and duration in mares supplemented with natural vitamin E.
Bioavailability of five oral forms of vitamin E (3 natural and 2 synthetic) were tested and one natural form was also administered intravenously so that clearance of vitamin E could be used to calculate the efficiency of absorption of the oral forms. Efficiency of absorption for oral treatments was not determined because of the slow turnover time of the intravenously administered vitamin E, which confounded all subsequent baseline serum a-tocopherol concentrations. Of the salvageable data, serum a-tocopherol concentrations were higher in grouped treatments at 9 and 12 h post dosing. Lipid fractions revealed possible insufficient absorption of the oral doses of vitamin E and possibly tissue saturation following intravenous doses of vitamin E. Serum concentrations of a-tocopherol were generally higher following natural forms of oral vitamin E administration.
As vitamin E is the most important antioxidant in cells, it is often supplemented to endurance horses competing in 80 and 160 km races. Vitamin E protects lipid cell membranes from peroxidation by free radicals, which are increased during strenuous exercise resulting in oxidative stress. The antioxidant status of horses is severely tested during endurance racing and so a study was conducted to monitor changes in circulating antioxidants during three endurance races. Interesting novel findings in the horse were the maintenance of serum a-tocopherol and the depletion of erythrocyte glutathione and plasma ascorbate during two 80 km and one 160 km races. Associations were found between increased muscle cell enzyme leakage and decreased antioxidant status during endurance exercise and although associations do not prove a causation of oxidative stress, they do provide motivation to search for a cause and it is tempting to propose that oxidative stress damaged muscle cell membranes in endurance horses. Further, these findings propose a connection between muscle cell damage and a new form of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) that has been observed in endurance horses, where oxidative fibers are damaged compared to the typical glycolytic fiber damage associated with known forms or ER.
An increased understanding of vitamin E utilization in the horse will improve the health and welfare of all horses, but especially newborn foals and the athletic endurance horses.Ph. D.
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Crowley, Ian F. "Intranasal Vaccination to Boost Equine Immunity to Uterine Streptococcal Infection." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CrowleyIF2007.pdf.
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O'Reilly, Blaine McCall Cynthia Ann. "Reducing cribbing frequency in horses through dietary supplementation of tryptophan and calcium carbonate." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/OREILLY_BLAINE_28.pdf.
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Pargass, Indira. "The influence of age and Rhodococcus equi infection on CD1 expression by equine antigen presenting cells." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/I_PARGASS_042208.pdf.
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Winter, Judith Christine [Verfasser]. "Intracellular magnesium concentration in healthy horses and horses with insulin dysregulation / Judith Christine Winter." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214641350/34.
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Sjölander, Elina. "Aktiv grupphästhållning : Utvärdering ur ett djurskyddsperspektiv med fokus på hästens naturliga beteenden och behov." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-83049.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate active stable systems, and their improvement of the horses on animal welfare and the horses’, natural behavior. The evaluation was made through interviews with the managers of two active stables in Piteå, Sweden and practical studies of the horses’ behavior at those two active stables and also one traditional stable. The results showed that the horse’s circadian rhythm differed between the various groups. The horses that were kept in the active stable systems rested and foraged spread over day and night while horses kept in the traditional stable mainly rested at night and ate during the day. The horses get better outlet for their natural behavior in the active stable system because the need of movement and socializing were met around the clock. Keeping horses in the active stable system, however, is associated with a risk of injury because of the competitive situations that occur around the feeding stations, and trauma injuries have occurred in both active stables in this study.
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Nash, Deborah Mary. "Mating-Induced Endometritis in Horses." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497513.
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Burgess, C. G. S. "Genetic evaluation of sport horses." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.642227.
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The aim of this project was to derive models for predicting breeding values for British bred sport horses. The research consisted predominantly of the estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters from two datasets; results from the Young Horse Evaluation Series (YHE), which assesses 4 year old potential sport horses, and competition data on UK eventing horses. Eleven traits were measured in the YHE, including a veterinary score, conformation, paces and jumping ability. Due to a small dataset none of the heritabilities predicted were significantly different from zero. A much larger and more comprehensive dataset was available for UK eventing horses. Penalty points from each of the three phases – dressage, showjumping and cross country – and overall competition were converted to normal scores for analysis. Results showed heritabilities significantly different from zero for all phases (0.02 – 0.23). It should be possible to predict a horse’s performance at advanced level by its performance at novice or pre novice level. The proportions of variance attributed to the rider, permanent environmental effect and genetics of the horse were estimated separately. For most grades and phases the most important component was the permanent environmental effects, with the rider and genetics becoming more important as the grades become more challenging. This analysis allowed us to successfully predict estimated breeding values, horse values and rider values. Using these values, the intensity of selection on sires, horses and riders progressing from the pre novice to advanced grades in each of the phases of eventing competition was investigated.
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Gross, Diane K. "Respiratory disease in performance horses /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488199501405902.
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Franzén, Peter. "On anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200881.pdf.
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Whitton, Robert Christopher. "Carpal disease in racing horses." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26702.
Full textAbstract:
Thirteen Standardbred horses were trained on a treadmill for 31 weeks as part of a larger study into the effects of overtraining. Synovial fluid was collected from the midcarpal joint at the start, and at seven, 15, 21, 26 and 30 weeks of training. Low grade signs of midcarpal joint disease developed in all horses during the last 16 weeks of the program. Synovial fluid leukocyte counts remained unchanged throughout the study, whereas total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity increased significantly with training. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) levels increased initially, but then decreased. Correlations between the clinical signs of joint disease and sulfated GAG levels were weak.
Synovial fluid sulfated GAGs were compared with other diagnostic variables for predicting the degree of articular cartilage damage in horses with midcarpal joint disease. Interpretation of radiographs was found to be the most accurate for the prediction of articular damage. Synovial fluid analysis was found to be of little value. There was no correlation between sulfated GAG concentration and articular cartilage damage, and no significant difference between sulfated GAG concentrations from horses with clinical evidence of joint disease and horses with no signs of joint disease trained on a treadmill.
Anatomical dissections of the midcarpal joint were performed on ten cadavers. The medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL) was found to consist of four fibre bundles. The predominant orientation of these was proximodorsal to distopalmar. The lateral palmar intercarpal (LPICL) and dorsomedial intercarpal (DMICL) ligaments had a similar orientation but were simpler in structure. The alignment of these ligaments suggested that they resisted transverse forces across the midcarpal joint. Using a dorsal transverse displacement of 1.5 mm of the proximal row of carpal bones relative to the distal row of carpal bones, it was demonstrated that the palmar intercarpal ligaments provided 22.7% of the restraining force while only contributing 9% of the ligamentous cross sectional area.
A study of 32 racing horses presented with midcarpal joint disease confirmed the high frequency of MPICL tearing (51%). Enlargement of the DMICL was also common (33%). There was no correlation between the severity of signs of midcarpal joint disease and the severity of MPICL tearing. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between subchondral bone damage within the midcarpal joint, and MPICL tearing (R=-0.55). There was no association between DMICL enlargement and osteochondral damage. A postmortem study of 142 joints of horses with no history of midcarpal joint disease demonstrated that the frequency of MPICL tearing in racing horses was 91%. Severity of tearing of the MPICL increased significantly with age. Histopathological evidence of degeneration (loss of organisation of collagen fibres) was consistently observed in MPICLs of adult horses. These changes were not observed in unborn term foals, but were present from one month of age. Enlarged DMICLs had regular collagen arrangement, but discrete areas of fibrovascular infiltration were consistently observed.
The race records of 42 horses undergoing midcarpal joint carpal arthroscopy were examined. Using multiple regression the extent of subchondral bone damage was the best predictor of postoperative performance. The addition of the grade of MPICL tearing significantly improved the prediction of postoperative performance, whereas the inclusion of the extent of articular cartilage damage had no effect.
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Garcia, Dulce M. "Intelligent horses| A cybersemiotic perspective." Thesis, California Institute of Integral Studies, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3606925.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation is theoretical study of horse-human relationship, addressing the topics of communication, learning and cognition in the context of the cybersemiotic model developed by philosopher of science Søren Brier. This study found significant gaps in the literature with respect to how horses and humans communicate and learn together, and is an attempt to develop an integral conceptual model grounded in communication and learning theory.
The overarching theoretical platform is the cybersemiotic model, which is a transdisciplinary research platform that addresses knowledge creation from an objective and subjective vision of reality. The center of knowledge in this model is semiosis, the sign system and spheres of signification through which living beings create meaning and make sense of the world. The cybersemiotic model is inclusive of non-human languaging systems, grounded in the biosemiotic view that extends sign systems to the life world of animals. The analysis of horse-human communication is performed using Bateson's theories of non-verbal communication and learning, based on the second-order cybernetic science view. Likewise, the topic of the role of inner life and consciousness in horse-human interaction is analyzed through the phenomenological, pragmaticist philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce and his triadic conception of semiosis.
The results of this theoretical and philosophical exploration point to the need to begin constructing serious, scientifically grounded conceptual frames that can inform equestrian activities across a wide variety of disciplines such as competition and entertainment, leisure, horse training, and equine-facilitated psychotherapy/learning (EFP/L). These disciplines are fairly divided in their view of horses, especially when it comes to communication protocols, equine intelligence, and the use of a shared language to describe horse-human interaction.
Besides starting to lay theoretical groundwork for conceptualizing how horses and humans communicate and learn together, this dissertation also addresses the fundamental issue of personal safety and ethics in horse communities. The horse industry is a billion dollar industry in the U.S. and other Western nations, with most horses living in captivity in human-controlled environments. As the horse industry grows, so do the number of related accidents, making equestrian sports one of the most dangerous. An understanding of ethologically grounded communication principles is essential in ensuring greater safety for horse handlers and the wellbeing of horses. It is also key in addressing the larger question of ethics in the relationships of humans to non-human others and the ecology of the Earth at large.
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Wallin, Lena. "Longevity and early prediction of performance in Swedish horses /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5836-6.pdf.
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King, Judith A. (Judith Ann) 1955. "Changes in Heterozygosity Through Time in American Standardbred and American Saddlebred Horses (1960-1990)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500372/.
Full textAbstract:
Observed and expected heterozygosity (H) levels for ten electrophoretic blood marker loci and expected H for seven red blood cell (RBC) anitgen/antibody loci were examined for 20 years in American Standardbred and 30 years in American Saddlebred horses. Standardbreds were classed by gait, Trotter and Pacer, and evaluated separately in most analyses. 4,404 Trotters and 12,271 Pacers were found to have statistically highly significant losses of mean total observed H through time for the ten electrophoretic loci (P<0.005), although in Trotters the loss was more extreme (P<<0.001). Loss of H in 5984 Saddlebreds was not significant (P=0.259). Correlations of RBC expected H through time showed decreases in all three groups.
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Buff, Preston R. "Leptin in horses : relationship with body condition, nutritional status and reproduction /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036809.
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Lacombe, Véronique Anne. "Muscle glycogen metabolism in horses interactions between substrate availability, exercise performance and carbohydrate administration /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1041621577.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 226 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-226). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Hannon, Robert Logan. "An evaluation of bentonite feed additives in horses and dogs and a reflection on the research process /." View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.112027/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Sc. Sch. of Ag. & Rural Devel.)--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1996."A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science Honours - Systems Agriculture." Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-258).
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Wulff-Risner, Linda. "Comparison of two approaches to teaching horse evaluation skills /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9720548.
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Keiper, Vanessa [Verfasser]. "The Horses of Cormac McCarthy’s «All the Pretty Horses»: Rides and Rites of Passage / Vanessa Keiper." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230718230/34.
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Almeroth-Williams, Thomas. "Horses & livestock in Hanoverian London." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19496/.
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In his classic study, Man and the Natural World (1983), Keith Thomas assumed and asserted that by 1800 the inhabitants of English cities had become largely isolated from animal life. My research challenges this assumption by highlighting the prevalence and influence of horses and other four-legged livestock in London in the period 1714–1837. This study represents a deliberate shift in historical enquiry away from the analysis of theoretical literature and debates concerning the rise of kindness and humanitarianism, towards the integration of animals into wider historiographies and a demonstration of how animals shaped urban life. Reasserting the need to unbound the social, my research places human interactions with non-human animals centre stage in London’s history to reassess key issues and debates surrounding the industrial and consumer revolutions; urbanization and industrialization; and social relations. Following an introductory section, Chapter one assesses the role played by urban husbandry in feeding the metropolitan population and asserts that Hanoverian London was a thriving agropolis. Chapter two challenges and complicates the orthodox assumption that steam substituted animal muscle power in the industrial revolution and asserts that equine power helped to make London a dynamic hub of trade and industry. Chapter three examines the metropolitan trades in meat on the hoof and horses. These were significant features of the consumer revolution and major sectors of the British economy which impacted heavily on London life. Chapter four asserts that equestrian recreation played a powerful role in metropolitan culture, both promoting and acting as an alluring alternative to, sociability. Chapter five examines the heavy demands which horses and other livestock placed on metropolitan infrastructures, and assesses the city’s remarkable investment in these animals. In my conclusion, I consider the significance of recalcitrant interactions between plebeian Londoners and non-human animals.
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au, gwilcox@murdoch edu, and Hazilawati Hamzah. "Latent Equine Herpesvirus Infections in Horses." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081022.131528.
Full textAbstract:
A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning.
A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the detection of DNA and mRNA of EHV2, EHV5, EHV1 and EHV4 in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) and nasal swabs (NS) from 13 mares and 46 foals in 4 stables. EHV2 and EHV5 infections were detected commonly in the study population but infections with the alphaherpesviruses EHV1 and EHV4 were not detected, although lytic infections by the alphaherpesviruses may have been missed due to the frequency of sampling. Age differences in the prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection were detected: the prevalence of EHV2 was higher in young foals than in older foals and adult animals; the prevalence of EHV5 was higher in older foals and adults than in younger foals. The prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection increased in association with weaning, presumably in association with stressors associated with weaning, but was not clearly associated with disease in the weaned animals. It was also observed that EHV5 produced a transient lytic infection in PBL of young foals but tended to produce a persistent lytic infection of PBL in older foals and adults. Persistent lytic EHV5 infections of ¡Ý37 weeks duration were also detected in 2 of 13 adult mares and this has not been reported previously. The persistent lytic infection of PBL was not associated with the detection of virus in NS and the mares with persistent lytic infection of PBL with EHV5 did not transfer the infection to their foals.
To determine if any of the animals examined were latently infected with the alphaherpesviruses, an examination for transcripts of genes 63 and 64 of EHV1 and EHV4, putative latency-associated transcripts (LAT) of EHV, was undertaken. Evidence of these transcripts was detected in PBL and bronchiolar lymph nodes in the absence of transcripts of the structural gB, supporting previous studies indicating that transcripts of genes 63 and 64 may represent LAT. In PBL, EHV1 gene 64 RNA transcripts but not gene 63 transcripts were detected in PBL. In bronchiolar lymph nodes, EHV1 gene 64 (but not gene 63) RNA transcripts were detected. In contrast, EHV4 infection was detected in the trigeminal ganglia only and there was no evidence of EHV4 infection in lymph nodes or PBL. In the trigeminal ganglion, EHV4 gB DNA and gene 63 RNA transcripts were detected. The presence of RNA transcripts of EHV1 gene 64 in PBL and lymph node in the absence of any evidence of the replication of structural proteins suggests PBL and lymph node are sites of EHV1 latent infections. The presence of EHV4 gene 63 transcripts in trigeminal ganglia in the absence of any evidence of replication of structural proteins suggests the trigeminal ganglion is the major site of latency of EHV4.
As a potential means of detecting latency of the gammaherpesvirus EHV2, 4 EHV2 genes ORF74, E4, E8 and E10 were selected as having possible roles during EHV2 latency based on sequence analysis and comparison with gene products identified or postulated as having roles in latency in other gammaherpesviruses. Kinetic transcription of these genes was evaluated in an in vitro time course study using a non neuronal cell line (equine kidney [EK] cells). While the gB and gH genes encoding structural glycoproteins were abundantly transcribed in vitro, the 4 putative EHV2 latency-associated genes were minimally transcribed during lytic infection in EK cells, a result analogous to results obtained for the expression of LATs in other gammaherpesviruses. Attempts to demonstrate transcription products of these genes in PBL or other tissues of horsed presumed to be latently infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected previously) and actively infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected at the time of sampling), were unsuccessful.
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Olsén, Lena. "Drugs in horses : pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200737.pdf.
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Caldeira, Patrícia da Silva. "Right dorsal colon ultrasonography in horses." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19286.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaRight Dorsal Colitis is a frequent ulcerative inflammatory and ulcerative disease of the right dorsal colon (RDC) in horses, accompanied by protein loss, due to a compromised intestinal wall, usually associated with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the wall thickness of the RDC in healthy horses (group A) and in horses under NSAIDs treatment (group B) through a transabdominal ultrasound, together with serum measurement of total protein and albumin before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. For each animal the age, gender, breed, and the identification of the intercostal space (ICS) were recorded. The association between the studied parameters was investigated. For this, ultrasound scans were performed on all military horses of the 4th Esquadrão of Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) for 6 months, which for medical reasons required a NSAID treatment. All horses were Puro Sangue Lusitano (PSL) with a mean age of 11,02 +/- 6,37 years and both genders. Group A included 26 horses, and group B, 22 horses. Overall, the average wall thickness of the RDC was 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, with the best visualization on 12th, 13th and 14th ICS right sided. Age was the only parameter with a significant positive influence on the RDC wall thickness, with p-value = 0,0247, at T1, indicating an increase in RDC wall thickness with increasing age of the animal. From linear regression, the following equation was obtained: Y = 2,17037 + 0,03926X, where X = age, in years, and Y = mean RDC wall thickness, mm. Gender, breed, PT, Alb, and type of NSAIDs was not statistically significant on the mean wall thickness of the RDC. The duration of NSAID treatment in days showed a statistically significant effect (p-value = 0,049), in other words, the wall thickness of the RDC increases with the duration of NSAID treatment. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report suggesting that the age of the animal and the duration of NSAID treatment have a significant effect on the wall thickness of the right dorsal colon, although others studies need to evaluate the effect of these parameters on others horse’s breed.
RESUMO - Avaliação ultrassonográfica do Cólon Dorsal Direito em Equinos - A Colite Dorsal Direita é uma enteropatia inflamatória e ulcerativa frequente do cólon dorsal direito (CDD) em equinos, onde existe perda de proteínas através de uma parede intestinal comprometida, habitualmente associada a uma administração de anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi o de avaliar a espessura da parede do CDD em cavalos saudáveis (grupo A) e sob o tratamento (grupo B) com AINEs, através da ecografia transabdominal, juntamente com valor das proteínas totais e albumina séricas, antes (T1) e depois (T2) do tratamento. Para cada animal foi registado a idade, género e raça, e o espaço intercostal (EIC) onde foi visualizado o CDD. A associação entre os parâmetros estudados foi investigada. Para isso foram realizadas ecografias a todos os cavalos militares do 4º Esquadrão da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), durante 6 meses, que por razões médicas necessitaram de um tratamento com AINEs. Todos os cavalos foram Puro Sangue Lusitanos (PSL) com uma média de idade de 11,02 +/- 6,37 anos e de ambos os géneros. O grupo A é constituído por 26 cavalos, e o grupo B por 22 cavalos. A média de espessura da parede do CDD foi de 2,7 +/- 0,76 mm, sendo os EIC de melhor visualização os 12º, 13º e 14º do lado direito. A idade foi o único parâmetro que influenciou positivamente a espessura da parede do CDD com p-value = 0,0247, em T1, indicando um aumento da espessura da parede do CDD com um aumento da idade do animal. Da regressão linear, obteve-se a seguinte equação: Y= 2,17037 + 0,03926X, onde X= idade, em anos, e Y= espessura média da parede do CDD, mm. O género, raça, PT, Alb, e tipo de AINE não influenciaram, estatisticamente, a espessura média da parede do CDD. A duração do tratamento com AINEs, em dias, demonstrou ser estatisticamente significativa (p-value = 0,049), por outras palavras, a espessura da parede do CDD aumenta com a duração do tratamento com AINEs. Concluiu-se que factores como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINEs aumenta a espessura da parede no cólon dorsal direito em cavalos PSL. Com base no conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato a identificar parâmetros como a idade do animal e a duração do tratamento com AINE, a causar um efeito significativo na espessura da parede do cólon dorsal direito em cavalos.
N/A
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Ogilvie-Graham, Thomas Syme. "Time budget studies in stalled horses." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29924.
Full textAbstract:
This study was designed to record the behaviour of stabled horses from the Household Cavalry over an extended period. Eighty horses were observed using infra-red time-lapse video for between 48 and 72 hours each, over 2 years, under similar management conditions, and in total 5424 hours of data was collected. All the horses were kept in stalls at either Hyde Park or Windsor barracks and continued with their normal duties throughout observation periods. The horses were found to spend 36.3% of their time feeding and 1.01% drinking. The horses were alert in their stables for 7.5% of their time, non-alert for 63.03%, resting for 10.89% and sleeping for 2.33%. The horses stood for 57.92% of their time in stalls, with 18.67% of the time leg-resting and 6.17% lying. The horses were exercised for 4.92% of the 24-hour period and spent 2.54% of their time moving within the stalls. They interacted for 2.04% of their time and spent 2.12% of their time in abnormal behaviour (0.69% being spent in stereotypic behaviour). Analyses of variance showed no significant differences (i.e. p>0.05) in behaviour resulting from factors such as age, time spent in barracks, type of horse or height. Sleeping was affected by gender (p = 0.0089), with females spending considerably more time sleeping than males. The percentage time spent eating was less than for feral horses or stabled horses fed hay ad libitum, but was comparable with other studies on stabled or enclosed horses on a restricted hay diet. The horses spent less time resting, and more time alert, than free-ranging horses, possibly owing to the different sensory stimulation associated with their environment. This may also be a factor in producing the low level of abnormal activity recorded and the relatively low time spent sleeping.
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Scott, Victoria HL. "ABDOMINAL PRESSURE PROFILING IN ADULT HORSES." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365493966.
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Hirni, Helen. "The Major histocompatibility complex in horses /." [S.l : s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Wilson, Bianca. "Oats for horses : selection and processing." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28009.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect that different levels of lignin in oats (Avena sativa L.) and the method that oat presentation to horses has on digestion. A survey was used to define the common oat cultivars grown and sold. Two of the identified cultivars (Yarran and Mortlock) were tested for lignin content and used in digestibility trials. A pilot study was used to establish that horses would tolerate faecal collection bags for extended periods of time. The horses were fed at maintenance levels with a 60:40 ratio of lucerne chaff to oats. By way of cross-over design both cultivars of oats were fed whole (Trial 1) and then both varieties were rolled and fed to the horses (Trial 2). The apparent digestibilities were 40.0% and 34.7% for diets containing rolled oats and whole oats respectively. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and pH were 12.4 mM/L and 7.0 respectively in the Mortlock cultivar diet, and 19 mM/L and 6.8 in the case of the Yarran cultivar diet.
The associated effects of rolling oats were studied and by means of breakeven analysis the cost of processing was compared with the increased advantage (15%) due to the improvement in digestibility. If oats are purchased in bulk then rolled on-site the cost of labour is an inhibitory factor. The buyer should instead purchase a low lignin variety and feed the oats whole. If oats are to be purchased bagged then they should also be purchased rolled as there is a cost advantage ($0.02/kg) compared with whole oats. The results suggested from this study provide practical feeding guidelines that will assist people to improve their horse feeding strategies and associated feeding budget and the horses' wellbeing.
The horse will benefit from the increased digestibility of rolled oats. The total volume of feed for horses on high grain diets {where grain contributes 50% or greater to the diet (Kohnke, 1992)) can be reduced. This creates management efficiencies in the performance horse {horses in intense work i.e. racing, polo and three day eventing (Kohnke, 1992)) on high levels of grain and will have a financial impact for owners over time.
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Hamzah, Hazilawati. "Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses." Thesis, Hamzah, Hazilawati (2008) Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/731/.
Full textAbstract:
A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning.
A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the detection of DNA and mRNA of EHV2, EHV5, EHV1 and EHV4 in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) and nasal swabs (NS) from 13 mares and 46 foals in 4 stables. EHV2 and EHV5 infections were detected commonly in the study population but infections with the alphaherpesviruses EHV1 and EHV4 were not detected, although lytic infections by the alphaherpesviruses may have been missed due to the frequency of sampling. Age differences in the prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection were detected: the prevalence of EHV2 was higher in young foals than in older foals and adult animals; the prevalence of EHV5 was higher in older foals and adults than in younger foals. The prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection increased in association with weaning, presumably in association with stressors associated with weaning, but was not clearly associated with disease in the weaned animals. It was also observed that EHV5 produced a transient lytic infection in PBL of young foals but tended to produce a persistent lytic infection of PBL in older foals and adults. Persistent lytic EHV5 infections of ¡Ý37 weeks duration were also detected in 2 of 13 adult mares and this has not been reported previously. The persistent lytic infection of PBL was not associated with the detection of virus in NS and the mares with persistent lytic infection of PBL with EHV5 did not transfer the infection to their foals.
To determine if any of the animals examined were latently infected with the alphaherpesviruses, an examination for transcripts of genes 63 and 64 of EHV1 and EHV4, putative latency-associated transcripts (LAT) of EHV, was undertaken. Evidence of these transcripts was detected in PBL and bronchiolar lymph nodes in the absence of transcripts of the structural gB, supporting previous studies indicating that transcripts of genes 63 and 64 may represent LAT. In PBL, EHV1 gene 64 RNA transcripts but not gene 63 transcripts were detected in PBL. In bronchiolar lymph nodes, EHV1 gene 64 (but not gene 63) RNA transcripts were detected. In contrast, EHV4 infection was detected in the trigeminal ganglia only and there was no evidence of EHV4 infection in lymph nodes or PBL. In the trigeminal ganglion, EHV4 gB DNA and gene 63 RNA transcripts were detected. The presence of RNA transcripts of EHV1 gene 64 in PBL and lymph node in the absence of any evidence of the replication of structural proteins suggests PBL and lymph node are sites of EHV1 latent infections. The presence of EHV4 gene 63 transcripts in trigeminal ganglia in the absence of any evidence of replication of structural proteins suggests the trigeminal ganglion is the major site of latency of EHV4.
As a potential means of detecting latency of the gammaherpesvirus EHV2, 4 EHV2 genes ORF74, E4, E8 and E10 were selected as having possible roles during EHV2 latency based on sequence analysis and comparison with gene products identified or postulated as having roles in latency in other gammaherpesviruses. Kinetic transcription of these genes was evaluated in an in vitro time course study using a non neuronal cell line (equine kidney [EK] cells). While the gB and gH genes encoding structural glycoproteins were abundantly transcribed in vitro, the 4 putative EHV2 latency-associated genes were minimally transcribed during lytic infection in EK cells, a result analogous to results obtained for the expression of LATs in other gammaherpesviruses. Attempts to demonstrate transcription products of these genes in PBL or other tissues of horsed presumed to be latently infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected previously) and actively infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected at the time of sampling), were unsuccessful.
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Hamzah, Hazilawati. "Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses." Hamzah, Hazilawati (2008) Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/731/.
Full textAbstract:
A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning.
A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the detection of DNA and mRNA of EHV2, EHV5, EHV1 and EHV4 in peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) and nasal swabs (NS) from 13 mares and 46 foals in 4 stables. EHV2 and EHV5 infections were detected commonly in the study population but infections with the alphaherpesviruses EHV1 and EHV4 were not detected, although lytic infections by the alphaherpesviruses may have been missed due to the frequency of sampling. Age differences in the prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection were detected: the prevalence of EHV2 was higher in young foals than in older foals and adult animals; the prevalence of EHV5 was higher in older foals and adults than in younger foals. The prevalence of EHV2 and EHV5 infection increased in association with weaning, presumably in association with stressors associated with weaning, but was not clearly associated with disease in the weaned animals. It was also observed that EHV5 produced a transient lytic infection in PBL of young foals but tended to produce a persistent lytic infection of PBL in older foals and adults. Persistent lytic EHV5 infections of ¡Ý37 weeks duration were also detected in 2 of 13 adult mares and this has not been reported previously. The persistent lytic infection of PBL was not associated with the detection of virus in NS and the mares with persistent lytic infection of PBL with EHV5 did not transfer the infection to their foals.
To determine if any of the animals examined were latently infected with the alphaherpesviruses, an examination for transcripts of genes 63 and 64 of EHV1 and EHV4, putative latency-associated transcripts (LAT) of EHV, was undertaken. Evidence of these transcripts was detected in PBL and bronchiolar lymph nodes in the absence of transcripts of the structural gB, supporting previous studies indicating that transcripts of genes 63 and 64 may represent LAT. In PBL, EHV1 gene 64 RNA transcripts but not gene 63 transcripts were detected in PBL. In bronchiolar lymph nodes, EHV1 gene 64 (but not gene 63) RNA transcripts were detected. In contrast, EHV4 infection was detected in the trigeminal ganglia only and there was no evidence of EHV4 infection in lymph nodes or PBL. In the trigeminal ganglion, EHV4 gB DNA and gene 63 RNA transcripts were detected. The presence of RNA transcripts of EHV1 gene 64 in PBL and lymph node in the absence of any evidence of the replication of structural proteins suggests PBL and lymph node are sites of EHV1 latent infections. The presence of EHV4 gene 63 transcripts in trigeminal ganglia in the absence of any evidence of replication of structural proteins suggests the trigeminal ganglion is the major site of latency of EHV4.
As a potential means of detecting latency of the gammaherpesvirus EHV2, 4 EHV2 genes ORF74, E4, E8 and E10 were selected as having possible roles during EHV2 latency based on sequence analysis and comparison with gene products identified or postulated as having roles in latency in other gammaherpesviruses. Kinetic transcription of these genes was evaluated in an in vitro time course study using a non neuronal cell line (equine kidney [EK] cells). While the gB and gH genes encoding structural glycoproteins were abundantly transcribed in vitro, the 4 putative EHV2 latency-associated genes were minimally transcribed during lytic infection in EK cells, a result analogous to results obtained for the expression of LATs in other gammaherpesviruses. Attempts to demonstrate transcription products of these genes in PBL or other tissues of horsed presumed to be latently infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected previously) and actively infected with EHV2 (in which gB transcripts had been detected at the time of sampling), were unsuccessful.
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Almarzook, Saria. "Biodiversity of Arabian horses in Syria." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19450.
Full textAbstract:
Das Hauptziel der Untersuchung der Artenvielfalt syrischer Araber war die Identifizierung der Populationsstruktur in einer Reihe von syrischen Araberpferden, die die drei Hauptstämme Saglawi, Kahlawi und Hamdani repräsentieren. Für die Studie wurden molekulare Marker der Sequenzdaten der 353 bp der hypervariablen Region der mitochondrialen D-Schleife, sowie der Daten von 12 Pferde-Mikrosatelliten und 38.671 genomweite SNPs verwendet. Kenntnisse über die Variabilität der Ausdauer sowie über morphologische Eigenschaften sind in Zuchtprogrammen von Vorteil. Wir haben in einer genomweiten Assoziationsstudie (GWAS) getestet, ob es einen kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen morphologischen Merkmalen und Variabilität der Ausdauer mit genetischen Polymorphismen gibt.Darüber hinaus haben wir Kandidatengene näher charakterisiert, welche zu dem komplexen Merkmal der Ausdauerleistung beitragen könnten.The major objective of studying the biodiversity of Syrian Arabian horses was to identify the population structure in a set of Syrian Arabian horses representing the three major strains Saglawi, Kahlawi, and Hamdani. For the study, we used different genetic markers. The variability of endurance and morphological traits are beneficial in breeding programs. We tested genome-wide associations (GWAS) to find a causal relationship between morphological traits and genetic variants. Furthermore, we used the candidate gene approach to investigate the variability of genes contributing to endurance performance.
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Fowler, Ashley Lauren. "FACTORS INFLUENCING PHOSPHORUS EXCRETION BY HORSES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/88.
Full textAbstract:
Excessive phosphorus (P) excreted by animals can affect water quality and cause eutrophication. Better understanding of factors that influence P utilization and excretion in horses may reduce the environmental impact of P. Two animal experiments were conducted that examined P excretion by horses. The efficacy of titanium dioxide as an external marker to calculate digestibility was studied concurrently with both animal experiments. Additionally, pasture P concentrations were evaluated over the growing season using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Experiment 1 examined P excretion by post-lactational mares fed a low P diet immediately prior to weaning compared to non-lactating controls fed an adequate P diet. Post-lactational mares excreted more P compared to controls. Experiment 2 compared P excretion in horses fed to lose, maintain, or gain weight. Horses fed to lose weight tended to excrete more fecal P compared to horses fed to gain weight and had increased markers of bone turnover. The efficacy of titanium dioxide for estimating fecal output from limited fecal grab samples was variable. Titanium dioxide may be useful in situations where many fecal samples are collected over 5 d, but may not be as accurate if one fecal grab sample is expected to be representative of fecal output. Experiment 3 focused on examining the changes in pasture mineral concentration over the season using NIRS. A discussion of how these results may inform equine P supplementation programs is included. Overall, the work in this dissertation suggests that factors that influence P excretion in the horse include the dietary availability of P, physiological status, and active weight change. These variables can be incorporated into feeding programs to meet horses’ needs more closely while minimizing P excretion in the environment.
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Pardoe, Christopher Henry. "Mechanics of foot impact and loading in the horse." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559064.
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Furniss, Caryl. "Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27207.
Full textAbstract:
A radiographic examination forms part of the pre-purchase examination of Thoroughbred yearlings at national sales in many countries. This data enables the recording of the prevalence of radiographic changes in selected Thoroughbred populations around the world and assists veterinarians in advising clients on the purchase of yearlings. This has financial implications for the client as well as the racing industry as a whole. Radiographic examinations of the 269 Thoroughbred yearlings lodged at the 2008 National Yearling Sale in Germiston, South Africa were collected and individually evaluated. The prevalence of radiographic changes was recorded and percentages calculated. These changes were compared to studies of other yearling populations. Radiographic changes present in the studied Thoroughbred population are: pedal osteitis 1.26%, metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal osteochondral fragmentation 1.60%, sagittal ridge changes 5.7%, ulnar carpal bone lucencies 8.33%, carpal osteophytes 1.19%, distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint radiographic changes 9.92%, tarsal osteochondrosis lesions 4.4% and stifle joint osteochondrosis lesions 0.4%. These changes were found to be of lower prevalence when compared to similar studies. The prevalence of dorsal osteochondral fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint was 1.60% which was similar to other studies. A higher prevalence of vascular channels was visible in the proximal sesamoid bones as well as irregular borders and lucencies. Palmar metacarpophalangeal and plantar metatarsophalangeal osteochondral fragments had a recorded prevalence of 2% and 7.10%, respectively, this prevalence being generally higher when compared to similar studies. There was an absence of palmar metacarpal disease, supracondylar lysis, proximal sesamoid bone fractures and carpal osteochondral fragmentation in the current study. Additional findings recorded in the current study were: proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension (left front 15.13%, right front 18.91%), the solar angle (right front 2.38°, left front 2.79°), the prevalence of carpal bone one (30.95%) and carpal bone five (1.59%). The study population was limited to the radiographs lodged at the sale repository. As radiographic changes may influence sale price of the yearling, radiographs of yearlings with severe radiographic changes may not have been lodged at the repository. For these reasons the prevalence of radiographic changes recorded in the current study may not be a true reflection of the entire 2006 Thoroughbred foal crop. Further work to correlate radiographic changes to differences in management, pre-sale exercise programmes and genetics needs to be done. The effect of radiographic changes on the future performance of the Thoroughbred yearling also warrants further investigation. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Companion Animal Clinical Studies
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