Dissertations / Theses: 'Horse heart'

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Word, Tarah A. "Photoacoustic Calorimetry Studies of the Earliest Events in Horse Heart Cytochrome-c Folding." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5801.

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The protein folding problem involves understanding how the tertiary structure of a protein is related to its primary structure. Hence, understanding the thermodynamics associated with the rate-limiting steps for the formation of the earliest events in folding is most crucial to understanding how proteins adopt native secondary and tertiary structures. In order to elucidate the mechanism and pattern of protein folding, an extensively studied protein, Cytochrome-c (Cc), was chosen as a folding system to obtain detailed time-resolved thermodynamic profiles for the earliest events in the protein folding process. Cytochrome-c is an ideal system for understanding the folding process for several reasons. One being that the system can unfold and refold reversibly without the loss of the covalently attached heme group. A number of studies have shown that under denaturing conditions, ferrous Cc (Fe2+Cc) heme group in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO) results in a disruption of the axial heme Methionine-80 (Met80) bond ultimately unfolding the protein. CO-photolysis of this ferrous species results in the formation of a transient unfolded protein that is poised in a non-equilibrium state with the equilibrium state being that of the native folded Fe2+Cc complex. This allows for the refolding reaction of the protein to be photo-initiated and monitor on ns - ms timescales. While CO cannot bind to the ferric form, nitrogen monoxide (NO) photo-release has been developed to photo-trigger ferric Cc (Fe3+Cc) unfolding under denaturing conditions. Photo-dissociation of NO leaves the Fe3+complex in a conformational state that favors unfolding thus allowing the early unfolding events of Fe3+Cc to be probed. Overall the results presented here involve the use of the ligands CO and NO along with photoacoustic calorimetry (PAC) to photo-trigger the folding/unfolding reaction of Cc (and modified Cc). Thus, obtaining enthalpy and molar volume changes directly associated with the initial folding/unfolding events occurring in the reaction pathways of both Fe2+ and Fe3+Cc systems that are most essential to understanding the driving forces involved in forming the tertiary native conformation. The PAC data shows that folding of proteins results from a hierarchy of events that potentially includes the formation of secondary structures, hydrophobic collapse, and/or reorganization of the tertiary complex occurring over ~ns – tens of µs time ranges. In addition, the PAC kinetic fits presented in this work is the first to report Cc folding exhibiting heterogeneous kinetics (in some cases) by utilizing a stretched exponential decay function.

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Gautam, Devaki Nandan. "Molecular dynamics simulation of horse-heart cytochrome c in water-methanol solvent systems." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10956.

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Molecular Dynamics simulations have been carried out to investigate the dynamics of horse heart Cytochrome C and associated crystallographic water molecules in different water-methanol systems. The 100 ns simulation predicts that hh-CytC undergoes different dynamical transitions with some common conformations in different solvents. With increase of methanol concentration in solvents, hh-CytC has increased flexibility, fluctuating its hydrophobic solvent accessible surface area (SASA), and number of persistent internal hydrogen bonds with long hydrogen-bond-lifetime. The protein became more liquid-like in mixed solvents compared to pure solvents; flexibility increases in the absence of the crystallographic water. Similarly, the number of hydrogen bonds between solvent molecules and hh-CytC decreased with increasing of methanol concentration. Water-protein and methanol-protein hydrogen bond lifetimes were computed 11.5 and 16.6 picoseconds, respectively, in pure solvents. However, in mixtures, solvent-protein hydrogen bond lifetime was higher in twenty percent methanol than in fourty percent in water. The surface crystallographic water molecules diffused easily in bulk solvents within 1 nanosecond and protein surface is stabilized by hydrogen bonds with a solvation layer. The two crystallographic water molecules which are buried internally in hh-CytC have 5 to more than 100 nanoseconds residence time in the conserved sites with 100's of picoseconds of hydrogen bond lifetime depending on the solvent compositions. The residence time might depend on the mechanism of conformational transition of protein in simulation. Solvent water molecules exchange these buried water molecules but exchange is less frequent than that in hydration layer. Even though methanol has succeeded to reside into these conserved sites in pure methanol solvent but its distance with hydrogen bonding partners more than 5 A with labile hydrogen bonding state.
Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts, Dept. of Chemistry

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Sharova, Evgeniya. "Horse heart study: left ventricular cardiomyocytes isolation, histidine-rich Ca2+ - binding protein and myostation espression." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426479.

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SUMMARY The horse has always been considered as a sport champion in the animal world. Horse athletic ability depends of many factors. The most important are cardiovascular system and heart physiology. It is noteworthy that horse heart rate is slow at rest (25-40 bmp) but can elevate rapidly during exercise to over 240 beats per minutes. In addition, horse heart is characterized by an higher cardiac action potential duration (APD) (0.6-1s) compared to that of other mammals (0.2-0.35s). Significantly differences in frequency, amplitude and calcium wave velocity have also been observed. These extraordinary features of the horse heart could be explained by some hypothesis: it may be a result of high calcium loading capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum of horse cardiomyocytes or altered quantity/function of calcium bindings proteins that participate in excitation contraction coupling cycle of cardiac cell (Loughrey et al. 2004). These special characteristics of horse heart put my attention to two proteins, histidine-rich Ca2+-binding protein and myostatin. Histidine-rich Ca2+-binding protein (HRC) is one of the best candidates to regulate reticulum calcium sequestration and cardiac function. While myostatin is member of the transforming growth factor- superfamily, shown to be regulated during different physiological and pathological situations which affect cardiac muscle mass, including cardiac growth modulation (McKoy G et al. 2007), athletic hypertrophy (Matsakas A et al. 2006), postmyocardial infarction remodeling process, infarction-associated inflammation (MacLellan et al., 1993, Sharma M et al. 1999), fibrosis of the myocardium, and cardiac dysfunction (Hoenig MR, 2008). HRC has a similar protein structure and function to calsequestrin in skeletal muscle and seems to play the particular role in the heart. This low affinity and high capacity Ca2+ binding protein has a Ca2+ storage role in cardiac SR during EC-coupling (Gregory et al. 2006). Due to its important role as regulator of Ca release and normal cardiac function, recently HRC has been suggested to be an additional component of SR protein quaternary molecular complex (Lee H et al. 2001), associating into a stable complex at the junctional membrane: the Ryanodine channel, calsequestrin and its putative “anchoring” proteins triadin and junctin. HRC could be a key protein that manipulates the facilitation of Ca2+ release from SR through protein-protein interaction. In this work we hypothesed that the particular characteristic of the horse heart and long APD could be explained by HRC alteration in equine horse heart. On the other hand understanding of the MSTN pathway could have an important approach into veterinary clinical practice used during horse training when athletic hypertrophy is a common phenomenon. To achieve objective of this work we have used Real-time PCR and Standard PCR to investigate in details the expression of HRC and myostatin in various compartments of horse heart. We also compared the HRC mRNA expression of horse heart vs that of bovine. In order to gain insight protein level expression of HRC in horse heart, electrophoretic gel analysis were performed on membrane fractions extracted from horse cardiac muscle followed by Western blotting. Besides of immunofluorescence experiments on longitudinal cryosections from left ventricle have been carried out to study the cellular localization of HRC in horse heart. Our findings showed that HRC mRNA is mainly expressed in ventricles. Moreover, by comparison with another species of veterinarian interest, such as cattle, Real Time PCR data showed that the enhanced expression of HRC seems restricted to equine species. The dissimilar HRC mRNA expression in atria and ventricles may be due to the intrinsic features of heart parts, that could be emphasize by the special equine action potential duration. On account of the special features exhibited by horse cardiac tissue, taken together my data showing the overexpression of HRC in ventricular chambers, could strengthen the hypothesis of HRC as a candidate regulator of SR Ca2+ cycling during ECC. The interesting results revealed the upregulation of MSTN gene expression detected in left ventricular of horse heart could be an interesting data in favor to this hypothesis since the left ventricular chamber has a primary role in heart adaptation increased blood volume (stroke volume) to be injected during exhaustive sport exercise and therefore incrementing the final cardiac output.
SOMMARIO Il cavallo è da sempre considerato un “campione sportivo” nell’ambito del mondo animale. Le capacità atletiche di questo animale dipendono da molti fattori. I più significativi sono il suo sistema cardiovascolare e le caratteristiche fisiologiche del cuore equino. E’ di notevole importanza il fatto che la frequenza cardiaca del cuore di cavallo a riposo è bassa (25-40 battiti al min) ma che può aumentare rapidamente durante l’esercizio fisico fino a raggiungere i 240 battiti al min e oltre. Inoltre il cuore di cavallo si caratterizza una maggiore durata del potenziale d’azione (0.6-1 s) se paragonato a quella degli altri mammiferi (0.2-0.35 s). Il cuore di equino presenta inoltre significative differenze per quel che riguarda la frequenza, l’ampiezza e la velocità dei transienti di calcio. Per spiegare queste caratteristiche peculiari del cuore di cavallo sono state fatte delle ipotesi. Una più elevata capacità di immagazzinamento del calcio da parte del reticolo sarcoplasmatico, o un’alterazione nella quantità o nella funzionalità di alcune proteine leganti calcio implicate nel processo di eccitamento/contrazione, sono state proposte come possibili cause di queste particolarità dei cardiomiociti equini /Loughrey et al. 2004). Queste caratteristiche hanno fatto ricadere la mia attenzione su due proteine: la “histidine-rich Ca2+-binding protein” (HRC) e la miostatina. L’ HRC è una proteina a cui è stato assegnato un ruolo nella regolazione dell’immagazzinamento del calcio da parte del reticolo sarcoplasmatico e nelle funzionamento cardiaco. La Miostatina invece è un componente della superfamiglia dei “transforming growth factor-” che viene regolata in situazioni fisiologiche e patologiche che coinvolgono la massa muscolare cardiaca, tra cui la modulazione della crescita cardiaca (McKoy G et al. 2007), l’ipertrofia dovuta ad attività atletica (Matsakas A et al. 2006), i processi di rigenerativi post infartuali, l’infiammazione post infartuale (MacLellan et al., 1993, Sharma M et al. 1999), i processi fibrotici del miocardio e le disfunzioni cardiache (Hoenig MR, 2008). L’HRC nel muscolo scheletrico, è risultata per struttura e funzione simile alla calsequestrina, ma sembra avere un ruolo importante e particolare anche nel cuore. L’HRC, una proteina che lega calcio a bassa affinità ma ad elevata capacità, presenta un ruolo nell’immagazzinamento del calcio nel reticolo sarcoplasmatico delle cellule cardiache durante il processo di accoppiamento eccitamento/contrazione (Gregory et al. 2006). Grazie al suo ruolo come regolatore del rilascio di calcio e della funzionalità cardiaca, recentemente all’HRC è stato assegnato un ruolo come ulteriore componente di un complesso molecolare costituito da quattro proteine(Lee H et al. 2001), che localizzato a livello della componente giunzionale del reticolo sarcoplasmatico: il recettore della Rianodina/canale di rilascio del calcio, la calsequestrina e la sue proteine di ancoraggio triadina e giuntina. L’HRC potrebbe rappresentare una proteina chiave in questo complesso, in grado di facilitare il rilascio del calcio dal reticolo sarcoplasmatico mediante l’interazione proteina-proteina. In questo periodo di Dottorato, io ho ipotizzato che le particolari caratteristiche del cuore di cavallo tra cui la durata del potenziale d’azione, potessero trovare una spiegazione nelle caratteristiche e/o alterazione dell’HRC. Inoltre la maggior comprensione dei meccanismi regolativi della miostatina, potrebbero essere di utilità nella pratica di clinica veterinaria poiché l’ipertrofia cardiaca nei cavalli atleti è un fenomeno comune. Per raggiungere gli obiettivi preposti in questo lavoro, ho usato tecniche di Real time PCR e standard PCR all scopo di studiare in dettaglio l’espressione della HRC e della miostatina nelle varie parti anatomiche del cuore equino. Inoltre l’espressione dell’HRC nel cuore equino è stata paragonata nel cuore di bovino. Per studiare invece l’espressione dell’HRC a livello proteico, dopo estrazione e purificazione do membrane del reticolo sarcoplasmatico, sono stati eseguiti esperimenti di Western blotting. Esperimenti di immunofluorescenza su sezioni longitudinali di ventricolo sinistro di cavallo hanno permesso di studiare la localizzazione dell’HRC. I miei risultati mostrano che l’HRC a livello di mRNA è maggiormente espressa nei ventricoli. Inoltre, dal confronto con il bovino, un’altra specie animale di interesse veterinario, è emerso che la sovra espressione dell’HRC è ristretta alla specie equina. La diversa espressione di HRC in atri e ventricoli, potrebbe essere dovuta a caratteristiche intrinseche alle porzioni anatomiche che potrebbero in qualche modo essere evidenziate dalla particolare durata del potenziale d’azione di questa specie. A tal proposito, nell’insieme i miei dati che indicano una overespressione di HRC nei ventricoli, potrebbero rafforzare l’ipotesi che vede l’HRC un regolatore del calcio nel reticolo sarcoplasmatico durante il processo di eccitamento/contrazione. I dati ottenuti riguardanti la espressione del gene della miostatina principalmente nel ventricolo sinistro, potrebbero invece rappresentare un ulteriore sostegno a favore di questa ipotesi, visto che il ventricolo sinistro ha un ruolo primario nel fenomeno di adattamento all’aumento del volume di sangue (stroke volume) che viene pompato durante nelle varie fasi di esercizi fisici estremi, così da incrementare l’output cardiaco finale.

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D'Ingeo, Serenella. "Laterality, heart rate and EEG as measurements of animal welfare in dogs and horses." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B010/document.

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Le bien-être animal est considéré un phénomène multidimensionnel basé sur les conditions et les expériences de vie de chaque individu, et lié aux fonctions organiques et à la sensibilité de l’individu même. L’étude des émotions animales est complexe mais les hypothèses sur leurs états émotifs peuvent être formulées sur la base de mesures neurophysiologiques, comportementales et cognitives. Des études récentes ont montré que la latéralité cérébrale et comportementale, la fréquence cardiaque et l'activité cérébrale (mesurée par électroencéphalographie sont des paramètres qui permettent d’évaluer la perception de la valence et du niveau stimulant des émotions chez l’animal et l'Homme. Le but principal de ce projet de thèse était d’étudier la perception que les chiens et les chevaux ont du contenu émotionnel des signaux humains et l’impact potentiel que peuvent avoir ces signaux sur l’état émotionnel de ces animaux et par conséquent sur leur bien-être. Dans ce but, nous avons présenté à ces animaux des stimuli exprimant diverses émotions. Nous avons utilisé une approche intégrée combinant l’analyse de la latéralité comportementale, de la fréquence cardiaque, de l’activité cérébrale et du comportement des sujets afin de répondre à 2 questions: 1) les chiens et les chevaux perçoivent-ils le contenu émotionnel des signaux humains? 2) Les chiens et les chevaux attribuent-ils une valence et une intensité différentes selon les émotions humaines perçues. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse montrent que les chiens et les chevaux traitent différemment les signaux émotionnels en fonction de leur valence et de leur intensité. La perception de la voix de l'homme par le cheval est modulée par la valence des interactions homme-cheval antérieures et par les conditions de vie des chevaux. En ce qui concerne les chiens, nos résultats montrent qu’ils discriminent et perçoivent les émotions contenues dans les signaux visuels, auditifs et olfactifs humains différemment, et nous fournissent de nouvelles connaissances sur le fonctionnement émotionnel du cerveau du chien. Les résultats de ce travail de thèse apportent un cadre théorique pour définir des paramètres utiles à l'évaluation du bien-être animal
Animal welfare is considered to be a multidimensional phenomenon based upon life experiences and conditions, characterized by how an individual feels and functions. The study of emotions in animals is difficult but assumptions of emotional states are usually derived from neurophysiological, behavioral and cognitive measurements. Recent literature shows that cerebral and behavioral laterality, cardiac activity and brain activity (measured by electroencephalography) are suitable parameters to examine animals’ and human emotional processing along the valence and arousal dimensions. The main aim of the present research project was to investigate dogs and horses perception of the emotional content of human signals that potentially affects animals’ affective state and welfare. An integrated approach combining the analysis of behavioral lateralization, cardiac and brain activity, and subjects’ behavior was applied in order to answer to the following questions: 1) Do dogs and horses perceive the different emotional content of human signals? 2) Do dogs and horses attribute a different valence and intensity to the human emotions perceived? Overall, the results of this thesis project demonstrate that dogs and horses process differently emotional signals according to their valence and intensity. In particular, horses perception of a human voice is modulated by the valence of the prior horse-human interactions and by subjects’ living conditions. As for dogs, results demonstrate that they discriminate and perceive differently the emotional content of human visual, auditory and olfactory signals, providing new insights into the emotional functioning of the canine brain. The current research offers a theoretical framework for defining useful parameters to evaluate animal welfare

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Pereira, Daniela Mello [UNESP]. "Efeito da creatina sobre as mensurações ecocardiográficas de eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101163.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_dm_me_jabo.pdf: 580192 bytes, checksum: b2b81a55bd0260aba59a035c51c133ee (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito da creatina sobre as mensuraçóes ecocardiográficas do ventrículo esquerdo em eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante. Os 15 animais foram divididos em grupos após avaliação clínica para constatar higidez, sendo um grupo composto de sete animais suplementados com 75g de creatina adicionada na ração (Gtc) e um grupo, composto de oito animais que não receberam creatina (Gt). Os dados referentes às mensurações do ventrículo esquerdo, foram obtidos por meio de ecocardiografia em Modo M e registrados mensalmente durante cento e vinte dias (MO, M1, M2, M3, M4), em ambos os grupos. Os índices ventriculares e o débito cardíaco serviram para avaliar os efeitos do condicionamento físico associado ou não à suplementação com creatina sobre a musculatura cardíaca. Os resultados referentes a variação de espessura das paredes ventriculares e do diâmetro interno da câmara ventricular no grupo de animais treinados sem suplementação se assemelharam aos da literatura compilada. A metodologia aplicada e os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a utilização de 75g de creatina adicionadas a ração de eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante por um período de 120 dias, causa menor hipertrofia cardíaca do que aquela observada nos animais que não receberam suplementação.
The present study evaluated the effects of the exerci se and the association creatine - exercise in size and left ventricular index by echocardiography in fifteen adults equine each month during four months (MO, M1, M2, M3, M4). The fifteen animais were divided in two groups, trainned and supplemented group (Gtc), with seven horses, that received 75g of creatine added in fed and a trained group only (Gt) with eight animais. The ventricular index and cardiac output were usefull to evaluate the effects of physicaJ conditioning and the association of creatine suplementation and trainning on the heart musculature. The results at thickness of the ventricular walls and diameter of ventricular chamber at Gt were similar to the compiled literature The applied methodology and the results permit to conclude that creatine causes smaller heart hipertrophy than that observed in the animais that didn't received the suplementation.

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Kubus, Katrin. "Zur Beziehung zwischen der akzelerometrisch erfassten Körperbeschleunigung und der Herzfrequenz beim Pferd." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-115014.

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Zur Ermittlung des Energieverbrauches bei Mensch und Tier stehen verschiedene Methoden zur Verfügung. Im Jahre 1780 nutzte Lavoisier die Schmelzwassermenge, um den Energieverlust eines Meerschweinchens zu berechnen. Das Tier saß in einem von Eis umgebenen Kalorimeter, die von ihm abgegebene Wärme brachte das Eis zum Schmelzen. Derzeit sind die indirekte Kalorimetrie, die den Energieumsatz über den im Respirationsversuch gemessenen Gaswechsel von O2 und CO2 sowie die im Harn ausgeschiedene Stickstoffmenge bestimmt, und die Isotopendilutionsmethode, die mit der unterschiedlichen Ausscheidungsrate von markierten Wasserstoff- (2H) und Sauerstoff- (18O) Atomen im Urin arbeitet, der „Goldstandard“ für die Bestimmung des Energieverbrauchs. Seit einigen Jahren bis heute steht die Herzfrequenzmethode in der Diskussion. Sie nutzt die Beziehung zwischen Herzfrequenz und Sauerstoffverbrauch zur Ermittlung des Energieumsatzes. Alle genannten Methoden haben Vor- und Nachteile, insbesondere für den einfachen und schnellen täglichen Einsatz sowie bei Langzeitstudien. Deshalb werden Alternativen gesucht. Diese Dissertation untersucht die Beziehung zwischen der akzelerometrisch erfassten dreidimensionalen Körperbeschleunigung und der Herzfrequenz beim Pferd in verschiedenen Gangarten. Dabei wird die Herzfrequenz als Vergleichs- und Bezugsgröße verwendet. Sie stellt das direkte Bindeglied zum Sauerstoffverbrauch und damit Energieaufwand dar. Es wurden drei Versuchsvarianten durchgeführt. Die Pferde gingen an der Hand, „geführt“, liefen frei in einem umzäunten Oval, „freilaufend“, oder wurden „geritten“. Bei den beiden Varianten „geführt“ und „freilaufend“ kamen jeweils dieselben vier Pferde zum Einsatz, die Variante „geritten“ absolvierten fünf andere Tiere. Die Versuche folgten verschiedenen Schemata mit den Gangarten Schritt, Trab und, zum Teil, Galopp. Bei allen Versuchen wurden parallel die dreidimensionale Körperbeschleunigung mit einer Frequenz von 32 Hz sowie die Herzfrequenz gemessen. Die Pulsuhr speicherte im kleinstmöglichen Intervall von fünf Sekunden. Nach Aufbereitung der Beschleunigungsrohdaten wurde letztendlich der dynamische Anteil der dreidimensionalen Beschleunigung in Form von „fünf-Sekunden-Mittelwerten“ berechnet. Anschließend wurden diese Beschleunigungswerte über die Regressionsanalyse mit den Originalwerten der Herzfrequenz in Beziehung gesetzt. Dabei wurden die Übergangsphasen zwischen den Gangarten ausgenommen, da die beiden Parameter hier ein sehr unterschiedliches und zeitversetztes Verhalten zeigen. Bei der Analyse der Gangarten Schritt und Trab konnte gut mit dem Modell der einfachen linearen Regression (y = a + bx) gearbeitet werden, mit Hinzukommen der dritten Gangart, Galopp, erwies sich das Modell der polynomialen Regression (y = a + bx + cx²) von Vorteil. Die Stärke des Zusammenhanges der beiden Größen wurde durch den Korrelationskoeffizienten r angezeigt. Bei differenzierter Betrachtung der Versuchsvarianten und der einzelnen Pferde erreichte r Werte von 0,86 bis 0,94, bei zusammenfassender Betrachtung aller Pferde einer Versuchsvariante Werte zwischen 0,82 und 0,87, stets bei signifikanter Korrelation (p < 0,05). Somit kann für die Parameter Herzfrequenz und Beschleunigung ein signifikanter und starker Zusammenhang beschrieben werden. Sie verhalten sich dabei nicht proportional zueinander. Schlussfolgernd lässt sich sagen, dass die Akzelerometrie für bestimmte Zielstellungen und unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen eine geeignete Methode ist, um den Energieaufwand von Pferden zu bestimmen. Sie ist schnell und meist störungsfrei durchzuführen und im Gegensatz zur Herzfrequenz nahezu unabhängig von emotionalen Einflüssen. Des Weiteren bietet die Akzelerometrie die Möglichkeit, die Ermittlung des Energieumsatzes mit einer Verhaltensanalyse zu kombinieren. Bedingungen für ihren Einsatz sind eine situationsspezifische und möglichst individuelle Kalibrierung, denn die Beschleunigungsmessung weist insofern Nachteile auf, als dass sie die Auswirkungen von zum Beispiel Bodenbeschaffenheit, Umwelteinflüssen oder das Tragen einer Last auf den Energieumsatz nicht berücksichtigt. Die parallele Erfassung von Herzfrequenz und Beschleunigung kann zum Beispiel zur Analyse und Kontrolle von Trainingserfolgen genutzt werden. Somit bringt die Kombination von Herzfrequenz- und Beschleunigungsmessung klare Vorteile
There are different opportunities to determine the consumption of energy in humans and animals. In 1780 Lavoisier used the quantity of melt water to calculate the energy loss of a guinea pig. The guinea pig was located inside a calorimeter which was surrounded by ice. The emitted heat induced the melting of the ice. At present both, indirect calorimetry that estimates energy expenditure from respiratory measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production plus the excretion of nitrogen with the urine and the DLW-method that uses the different urinary elimination rates of the isotopes 2H and 18O are the so called “golden standard” for the calculation of energy consumption. For several years until now there has been a discussion about the heart rate-method. This method uses the correlation between heart rate and oxygen consumption for the calculation of energy expenditure. All above mentioned methods have pros and cons, especially for simple and quick every day application and for long-term studies. Therefore alternatives are searched. This dissertation examines the relation between the accelerometricly measured three-dimensional body acceleration and the heart rate in horses at different gaits. The heart rate has been used for comparison and as a reference item. It directly relates the acceleration with the oxygen consumption and thus with the energy expenditure. There have been three variants of trials. Horses were led by the hand (HD), moved freely (MF) in an enclosed oval or were ridden (R). In the HD- and MF-trials the same four horses were used, for the R-trials five other horses came into action. The trials followed different schemes with the gaits of walk, trot and gallop. At every trial three-dimensional body-acceleration with a logging frequency of 32 Hz and heart rate were measured simultaneously. The heart rate meter stored the heart rate in the smallest possible intervals of five seconds. After processing the crude data the dynamic part of the three-dimensional acceleration was calculated in form of “five-second-means”. After that the regression analysis was used to relate these acceleration data to the original heart rate data. In this process the transitional phases between the gaits were excluded because there both parameters have a highly varying and time-shifted relation. The model of simple linear regression (y = a + bx) suited well for analysing walking and trotting. With adding the third gait gallop the model of polynomial regression (y = a + bx + cx²) became more favourable. The correlation coefficient r showed the strength of the correlation between both parameters. By the separate inspection of the variants of trials and the individual horses r reached values from 0,86 to 0,94; pooling all horses of each variant of trials yields r-values from 0,82 to 0,87, always with a significant correlation (p < 0,05). Hence a significant and strong correlation can be attributed to the parameters heart rate and acceleration. They are not proportional to each other. In conclusion one can say: for specific aims and under certain conditions the accelerometry is an appropriate method to assess energy expenditure in horses. You can implement it quickly and mostly disturbance-free and in contrast to the heart rate it is nearly independent of emotional influence. Furthermore accelerometry gives the opportunity to combine the determination of the energy expenditure with the analysis of behaviour. A possibly individual and situation-specific calibration are the preconditions for its application. A setback of the accelerometry is that the effects of such factors like the condition of the ground, environmental influences or carrying weights are not taken into consideration. Simultaneous measurement of heart rate and body-acceleration can for example be used for analysing and controlling the success of training. Consequently there are clear advantages of combining the measurement of heart rate and acceleration

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Pereira, Daniela Mello. "Efeito da creatina sobre as mensurações ecocardiográficas de eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101163.

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Orientador: Júlio Carlos Canola
Banca: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Banca: Celso Antonio Rodrigues
Banca: Rafael Resende Faleiros
Banca: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira
Resumo: Pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito da creatina sobre as mensuraçóes ecocardiográficas do ventrículo esquerdo em eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante. Os 15 animais foram divididos em grupos após avaliação clínica para constatar higidez, sendo um grupo composto de sete animais suplementados com 75g de creatina adicionada na ração (Gtc) e um grupo, composto de oito animais que não receberam creatina (Gt). Os dados referentes às mensurações do ventrículo esquerdo, foram obtidos por meio de ecocardiografia em Modo M e registrados mensalmente durante cento e vinte dias (MO, M1, M2, M3, M4), em ambos os grupos. Os índices ventriculares e o débito cardíaco serviram para avaliar os efeitos do condicionamento físico associado ou não à suplementação com creatina sobre a musculatura cardíaca. Os resultados referentes a variação de espessura das paredes ventriculares e do diâmetro interno da câmara ventricular no grupo de animais treinados sem suplementação se assemelharam aos da literatura compilada. A metodologia aplicada e os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a utilização de 75g de creatina adicionadas a ração de eqüinos treinados em esteira rolante por um período de 120 dias, causa menor hipertrofia cardíaca do que aquela observada nos animais que não receberam suplementação.
Abstract: The present study evaluated the effects of the exerci se and the association creatine - exercise in size and left ventricular index by echocardiography in fifteen adults equine each month during four months (MO, M1, M2, M3, M4). The fifteen animais were divided in two groups, trainned and supplemented group (Gtc), with seven horses, that received 75g of creatine added in fed and a trained group only (Gt) with eight animais. The ventricular index and cardiac output were usefull to evaluate the effects of physicaJ conditioning and the association of creatine suplementation and trainning on the heart musculature. The results at thickness of the ventricular walls and diameter of ventricular chamber at Gt were similar to the compiled literature The applied methodology and the results permit to conclude that creatine causes smaller heart hipertrophy than that observed in the animais that didn't received the suplementation.
Doutor

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Hunt, Sheri A. "Deuterium NMR spectroscopy of solid state electronically labile complexes : mixed valence iron triangles, iron (II) spin crossover complexes and horse heart cytochrome c /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804515.

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Balacescu, Livia [Verfasser], Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Fitter, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Stadler. "When can a protein be regarded as a polymer? Form and dynamics characterization of different folding states of horse-heart Apomyoglobin / Livia Balacescu ; Jörg Fitter, Andreas Stadler." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240765711/34.

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Lima, Marcelo Borjaille. "Eletrocardiografia em equinos do regimento de polícia montada do estado do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5840.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:53:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Borjaille Lima.pdf: 798361 bytes, checksum: 390f0f5564bc81315e64b0626f3a736b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-17
The eletrocardiographic test has been used for diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias and heart disease in horses, as well as performance evaluation and early diagnosis of worsening of athletic performance of various modalities. The activity of mounted police requires that animals are trained for long hours at walk and trotting, thus monitoring of these animals for underlying cardiac diseases that may affect their performance is of great value. In this study from 78 animals of the regiment of mounted Military Police Patrol of Espirito Santo State, Brazil, were divided into groups according to age and underwent electrocardiographic examination, followed by analyses of durations and amplitudes of the waves and QRS. There was statistical difference in T+ wave amplitude which was correlated to animals growth. These horses did not show any arrhythmias at rest, while the most common was the sinus rhythm
O exame eletrocardiográfico tem sido utilizado para o diagnóstico de arritmias e doenças cardíacas em equinos, bem como na avaliação do desempenho atlética e diagnóstico precoce da queda de performance em diversas modalidades. A atividade de policiamento montado requer que os animais estejam aptos a trabalhar ao passo e trote durante horas para atuação da sua função. Portanto, o monitoramento destes animais quanto a doenças cardíacas é importante. Desta forma, 78 animais do regimento de polícia montada do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil foram separados em grupos de acordo com a idade e submetidos ao exame eletrocardiográfico para analise das durações e amplitudes de ondas e complexos do traçado. Foi observada diferença estatística somente na amplitude da onda T+ relacionadas com o passar da idade dos animais. Os equinos, em repouso, não apresentam arritmias, sendo o ritmo sinusal o mais comum

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Schwarzwald, Colin C. "Atrial and AV-nodal physiology in horses electrophysiologic and echocardiographic characterization and pharmacologic effects of diltiazem /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158079213.

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Fortier, Justine. "Contribution à l'estimation de la dépense énergétique liée à l'exercice chez le cheval trotteur attelé : utilisation des mesures de consommation d'oxygène et de fréquence cardiaque en conditions de terrain." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS056/document.

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L’activité physique, couramment exprimée en multiple des besoins du métabolisme de base, induit une dépense supplémentaire en termes d’énergie qui varie selon les exercices pratiqués et leurs caractéristiques. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices d’entraînement chez le cheval trotteur attelé. Pour cela, la consommation d’oxygène (VO2) et la fréquence cardiaque (FC) ont été mesurées en conditions de terrain sur des chevaux trotteurs maintenus en situation expérimentale contrôlée à partir d’un appareil portable de mesure des échanges respiratoires, le K4b² équin et l’Equimask. Les chevaux ont été soumis à quatre exercices d’entraînement utilisés chez le cheval trotteur : promenade, jogging, parcours et interval. Des mises au point méthodologiques se sont avérées nécessaires pour répondre à notre objectif de thèse et ont été menées de manière préliminaire à la quantification énergétique. Nos travaux ont montré que l’utilisation de l’analyseur portable des échanges gazeux permet d’obtenir des données cardiorespiratoires cohérentes, même à des vitesses de course élevées (12 m/s) et ainsi d’estimer la dépense énergétique liée aux différents exercices. Néanmoins pour une application pratique sur le terrain, nos résultats suggèrent que la fréquence cardiaque peut être utilisée pour estimer VO2, sous conditions d’avoir individuellement établie la relation VO2/FC au cours d’un test incrémental spécifique à la discipline du trot. Nos résultats confirment l’intérêt d’investiguer la dépense énergétique spécifique à chaque exercice puisque cette dernière est directement liée à l’intensité, à la durée et au type d’exercice pratiqué. En effet, nous avons proposé des coefficients de majoration de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices en multiple des besoins liés au métabolisme de base. Les coefficients de majoration correspondent à 1,26 – 1,23 – 1,39 et 1,39 fois les besoins d’entretien pour les exercices promenade, jogging, parcours et interval respectivement. En moyenne, une semaine type d’entraînement chez un cheval trotteur induit une augmentation de ces besoins en énergie de 1,30 fois les besoins d’entretien. Bien que cette estimation nécessite d’être complétée en ajoutant la contribution anaérobie dans la fourniture énergétique mais aussi l’ensemble des pratiques complémentaires exercées par les chevaux trotteurs, nos travaux apportent de nouveaux éléments à la quantification de la dépense énergétique liée aux exercices spécifiques chez le cheval trotteur attelé
Physical activity, commonly expressed as a multiple of basal metabolic requirements, induces an additional energy cost which varied with exercises and their characteristics. The objective of the present work was to estimate energy expenditure related to training exercises in the harnessed Standardbred trotters. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured in field conditions in trotters maintained under controlled situation using a portable device measuring respiratory gas exchanges, the equine K4b² and the Equimask. Trotters were submitted to four exercises used in the trotter training: ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’. Preliminary to the quantification of the exercise energy expenditure, some methodological adaptations were needed. Our results showed that the use of portable analyzers provides consistent cardiorespiratory data even at high running speeds (12 m/s) and thus a good estimation of the exercise energy expenditure. However for practical application in the field, our results suggest that heart rate can be used to estimate VO2, particularly when individual VO2/HR curve was established previously. Our results confirm the interest of the investigation of the exercise energy expenditure which is directly related to the intensity, duration and type of exercise performed. Indeed, we proposed coefficients to increase total energy expenditure due to the exercise in multiple to the energy basal metabolism. Coefficients correspond to 1.26 - 1.23 to 1.39 and 1.39 times the maintenance requirements for ‘promenade’, ‘jogging’, ‘parcours’ and ‘interval’ exercises. A typical training week in trained trotter requires an increase of the energy 1.30 times maintenance requirements. Although this estimate needs to be completed by adding anaerobic contribution to the energy supply but also all additional physical activities performed by trained trotters, our work provides new evidence to quantify energy expenditure related to specific exercises in harnessed Standardbred trotter

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Oliveira, Armando de Castro. "Controlo autonómico cardiovascular em atletas : Influência do destreino e do "stress" ortoestático do treino." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10053.

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Dissertação de Doutoramento em Ciência do Desporto apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do Porto
Realizámos neste trabalho um estudo longitudinal com crianças de 11 anos praticantes de atletismo e de natação (seis em cada grupo, integrámos ainda um grupo de controlo de sedentários de idade compatível) executando manobras de avaliação autonómica em dois períodos distintos de treino (período competitivo e período de transição ou de destreino).Escolhemos a análise espectral da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial para estudar o efeito do stress ortoestático do treino e do destreino, sobre o ganho do barorreflexo arterial e sobre a regulação autonómica cardiovascular.Seleccionámos a manobra da respiração forçada em 6 ciclos, para evidenciar a componente vagal da regulação autonómica cardiovascular. Optámos pela manobra de 10 min de tilt passivo positivo de 60º, integrando dois períodos de cinco minutos cada, de repouso em decúbito dorsal, imediatamente antes e após o tilt , por ser uma reconhecida manobra de estimulação simpática e que realizámos com a respiração controlada a 15 ciclos (cf. Puig et al., 1993, Montano et al., 1994).Utilizámos o programa Windaq versão 1.17 para a marcação automática dos picos das ondas R da frequência cardíaca e dos picos da pressão arterial, para a certificação manual, comprovação dos ritmos respiratórios, e para o cálculo dos intervalos RR e dos valores da pressão sistólica. No cálculo dos diversos parâmetros da análise espectral, recorremos ao programa comercial Matlab 4.2 e a software desenvolvido em ambiente Windows cf. Costa et al., (1991); Costa et al., (1996).Optámos pela utilização da estatística não paramétrica, realizando algumas análises estatísticas, essencialmente análise de correlação e de variância, entre outras.As principais conclusões a que chegámos são: Os praticantes de atletismo apresentam diferenças significativas para com os praticantes de natação na regulação autonómica cardiovascular que se caracteriza por;- com o destreino, no repouso em decúbito apresentam variação negativa nos índices D ...

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Oliveira, Armando de Castro. "Controlo autonómico cardiovascular em atletas : Influência do destreino e do "stress" ortoestático do treino." Tese, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10053.

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Dissertação de Doutoramento em Ciência do Desporto apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do Porto
Realizámos neste trabalho um estudo longitudinal com crianças de 11 anos praticantes de atletismo e de natação (seis em cada grupo, integrámos ainda um grupo de controlo de sedentários de idade compatível) executando manobras de avaliação autonómica em dois períodos distintos de treino (período competitivo e período de transição ou de destreino).Escolhemos a análise espectral da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial para estudar o efeito do stress ortoestático do treino e do destreino, sobre o ganho do barorreflexo arterial e sobre a regulação autonómica cardiovascular.Seleccionámos a manobra da respiração forçada em 6 ciclos, para evidenciar a componente vagal da regulação autonómica cardiovascular. Optámos pela manobra de 10 min de tilt passivo positivo de 60º, integrando dois períodos de cinco minutos cada, de repouso em decúbito dorsal, imediatamente antes e após o tilt , por ser uma reconhecida manobra de estimulação simpática e que realizámos com a respiração controlada a 15 ciclos (cf. Puig et al., 1993, Montano et al., 1994).Utilizámos o programa Windaq versão 1.17 para a marcação automática dos picos das ondas R da frequência cardíaca e dos picos da pressão arterial, para a certificação manual, comprovação dos ritmos respiratórios, e para o cálculo dos intervalos RR e dos valores da pressão sistólica. No cálculo dos diversos parâmetros da análise espectral, recorremos ao programa comercial Matlab 4.2 e a software desenvolvido em ambiente Windows cf. Costa et al., (1991); Costa et al., (1996).Optámos pela utilização da estatística não paramétrica, realizando algumas análises estatísticas, essencialmente análise de correlação e de variância, entre outras.As principais conclusões a que chegámos são: Os praticantes de atletismo apresentam diferenças significativas para com os praticantes de natação na regulação autonómica cardiovascular que se caracteriza por;- com o destreino, no repouso em decúbito apresentam variação negativa nos índices D ...

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Horn, Jurgen Norbert Rainer. "Sympathetic nervous control of cardiac function and its role in equine heart disease." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268880.

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Whatley, Amber Rain, and Amber Rain Whatley. "Examining the Heart-Rate Variability of Horses in Equine-Assisted Therapy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625238.

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The purpose of this study was to monitor the heart-rate variabilities of humans and horses; specifically, these individuals were diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety, and interacted with the horse using, "heart focused breathing". The primary focus for measuring the equine heart rate variability (HRV) was to assess whether the horse found this process stressful or relaxing. A secondary focus was to identify what behaviors indicated that the horse was showing an interest in the person, and whether these behaviors were accompanied by HRV increases in the horse and human. The experimental design focused on at least three sessions of measuring both the horse and subject's HRV before, during, and after the interaction. The Polar Equine monitor was positioned around the horse's chest and data recorded for 5 minutes before and after the interaction and 8 minutes during the interaction. The average root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) data overall showed a significant increase for both horses when they were interacting with the subjects, indicating that the horses experienced relaxation.

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Christensen, Janne Winther. "Fear in horses : responses to novelty and habituation /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/10071054.pdf.

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Corley, Kevin Thomas Trent. "Validation of a new method of determining cardiac output in neonatal foals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34591.

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Hypotension is a common finding in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals. Hypotension may be a function of low cardiac output or increased cardiac output and decreased systemic vascular resistance. In the first instance, treatment would include fluids and/or inotropes and in the second, fluids and/or vasopressors. Therefore, cardiac output measurements are expected to help guide the treatment of hypotension associated with critical illness and/or anesthesia in neonatal foals. However, a practical and safe method of measuring cardiac output has not been described for the foal. Lithium dilution, a new method of cardiac output determination not requiring cardiac catheterization, has recently been reported in adult horses. We compared this method to thermodilution in isoflurane anesthetized, 30 to 42 hour old foals and found good agreement (mean bias 0.0474L/min; limits of agreement -3.03 to 3.12) between the two methods in a range of cardiac outputs from 5.4 to 20.4 liters/min. The lithium dilution technique is a practical and reliable method of measuring cardiac output in anesthetized neonatal foals, and warrants investigation in critically ill conscious foals.
Master of Science

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Daroudi, Parham. "Simulation of an energy efficient single-family house in the area of Smedjebacken to meet Miljöbyggnad’s Gold House energy category requirements." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28670.

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Since the building construction area is accounted for high share of energy usage (36 %) in Europe, there is high demand to pay attention to this area accurately. Sweden which is one of the pioneer countries in terms of building energy efficiency plans to reduce this value to 50 % by 2050. To reduce this value there is a need to define a mandatory guideline for builders by the government. So national board of housing, building and planning (Boverket) were given responsibility to define these regulations for builders and house owners. Parallel with that Swedish green building council developed a certification considering the buildin g’s energy demand, indoor air climate and environmental impact of building called Miljöbyggnad. While all the existing and new buildings following Boverket’s regulations meet this certification’s lowest limitations, some ambitious builders tend to fulfil its highest level of limitations called Gold level. This study aimed to design a house in the area of Smedjebacken to meet Miljö byggnad’s gold house’s energy category requirements. To meet the mentioned requirements several parametric studies regarding insulation thickness, windows assembly, heating and ventilation system are done via simulation software called TRNSYS. The result of testing several models show that although windows assembly does not affect this building ’s energy demand very much, other parameters such as insulation ’s thickness and type of heating system have a key role. In addition, a parametric study regarding the impact of thermal mass on the building energy demand is performed. The result shows that the effect of removed massive wood is compensated by replaced additional mineral wool insulation. In conclusion it is concluded that a single family house located in a cold climate like Smedjebacken using district heating cannot meet Miljöbyggnad’s gold level criteria without help of heat recovery ventilation. Furthermore, building with ground source heat pump as its heating system can meet Miljöbyggnad’s principals easier than those having district heating. In this case building with 200 mm insulation thickness even with exhaust air ventilation meets certification principals easily.

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Lund, Raymond John. "Contribution of respiratory heat loss to heat balance in Thoroughbred horses performing near maximal exercise under thermoneutral and hot-humid conditions." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28473.

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The purpose of the studies presented in this thesis was to develop a greater understanding of the contribution of respiratory heat loss to the thermal balance of exercising horses. In the first experiment the effect of three different warm-up regimens on the thermal balance of Thoroughbred horses was investigated. The experiments showed that a low intensity warm-up was most beneficial aiding heat dissipation during subsequent exercise. The study also showed the heat loss by sweating is not restricted by the rate of sweat production, but by the evaporation rate of the sweat. In the second experiment, horses were exercised to fatigue in thermoneutral and hot-humid environments. The evaporative heat dissipation from sweating and from the respiratory tract was severely impaired during the hot humid exercise protocol. There was a significant increase in the heart rate and the metabolic rate during the hot humid protocol, thus indicating the additional work done by the horse in an effort to dissipate the rapidly accumulating heat. The significantly shorter time to fatigue may be a mechanism to protect the horse from circulatory collapse as the circulatory demands for cardiac output exceed its capacity. In the third experiment adaptations that the horse is able to make to alleviate the compromised evaporative heat loss were identified. These experiments showed that the horse is able to shorten its stride, increase minute ventilation and the velocity of the air in the conducting airways. The results presented also indicate that the horse is able to modify the evaporative area of the airways to enhance evaporative heat loss from the respiratory tract. The experiments also showed that during exercise in hot-humid environments, small changes in the evaporating surface vapour pressure have a significant effect on the vapour pressure gradient thus having a significant effect on the evaporating heat loss. Finally, the lessons gained during the experiments presented in this thesis were used to revise and refine a mathematical model of the thermal balance of exercising horses. The resulting model is more accurate and easier to apply to use in the field.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Equine Research Centre
unrestricted

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Berretta, Sara. "FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING WIND POWER DRIVEN HEAT PUMP TO SUPPLY HEAT FOR A SINGLE HOUSE." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23554.

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Zambars, Agnis. "Recovering energy from excess heat at Gevalia’s roasting-house in Gävle." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236761.

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This thesis examines the roasting process at Gevalia’s coffee roasting house in Gävle and describes the possibilities to recover the energy in roasting gasses that are released into the atmosphere from the factory’s chimneys. The roasting gasses leave the factory’s chimneys at temperatures upwards of 370 °C in large volumes all year round. It is possible to extract energy from them via an economiser. The extracted energy can then be used to replace Gevalia’s consumption of district heating. The estimated potential for energy extracted from the roasting gasses is approximately 10 GWh per year. The monetary gain can be estimated up to 5 million SEK annually if it is possible to sell excess heat into the local district heating grid. It remains uncertain if it is possible to sell the excess heat due to a number of regulations and other external factors. Should this not be possible, the factory can still cover their own heating demand through heat recovery from roasting gasses. An alternative solution to economiser is absorption cooling in order to produce refrigeration. This process, however, is more complicated. There is also a very limited number of cooling consuming elements within the factory. A planned extension of the local district cooling grid in the area could make this a more viable alternative. The estimated potential for cooling production is approximately 7,6 GWh per year.

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Rodriguez-Anderson, Santiago Martin. "Sensible Air to Air Heat Recovery Strategies in a Passive House." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2123.

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Due to rising energy costs and concerns about global climate change, high performance buildings are more in demand than ever before. With roughly 20% of the total energy consumption in the United States being devoted to residential use, this sector represents a significant opportunity for future savings. There are many guidelines and standards for reducing building energy consumption. One of the most stringent is the Passive House Standard. The standard requires that that air infiltration is less than or equal to 0.6 air changes per hour at a 50 Pascal pressure difference (ACH 50), annual heating energy is less than or equal to 15kWh/m2, and total annual source energy is less than or equal to 120 kWh/m2. For comparison, the typical West coast US residence has an ACH50 of 5 and annually uses more than 174 kWh/m2 of source energy according to the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. With these challenging requirements, successful implementation of the Passive House Standard requires effective strategies to substantially reduce energy consumption for all end uses. Heating and cooling loads are low by necessity in a Passive House. As such this makes end uses like water heating a much larger fraction of total energy use than they would be in a typical building. When air to water heat pumps are employed the energy consumption by water heating is lowered significantly. By employing innovative heat recovery strategies the energy consumption for water heating and HVAC can be reduced even further. This study uses energy modeling and project cost analysis to evaluate three innovative control strategies. Results for a Passive House in Portland Oregon show a savings of about $70 annually with a payback period of 10 years. The same Passive House in Fairbanks Alaska with a different strategy would save $150 annually with a payback period of 5 years.

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Mortensen, Christopher John. "Effects of exercise or oocyte heat shock on embryo development and gene expression in the horse." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1232.

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Coronado, Pons Mar. "Modelling the performance of heat pump systems for single-family house applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261601.

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Ground source heat pumps (GSHP) extracting the heat through borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) are an extremely efficient way to provide heating. Their performance is affected by the temperature of the thermal source: the ground; the higher it is the temperature of the ground, the higher their performance. As the demand of this heating technology increases, the amount of GSHP in densely populated areas is at risk of escalating notably. Consequently the study of thermal influence between neighbouring GSHPs is of paramount importance to properly design these systems in such areas. A comparison is made between the performance of an isolated house, and the same house as part of an area with high density of houses using identical GSHPs. The aim of the project is to study the long term consequences of exploiting the ground thermal source in an extensive manner, to analyse how the GSHP operation is affected in this specific case study, and present a methodology general enough to be implemented for different conditions. It is presented a methodology based on a parameter calibration model for the HP to analyse the performance along the years of a ground source heat pump system located in an area where there is a high density of identical installations. The model was tested to verify its accuracy when simulating the performance of the HP and was implemented for two case studies that emulate the conditions found in Sweden for residential heating. For the first case study, where a 6kW HP unit is simulated, the COP of the system decreased around 15% for the 25 studied years. In good agreement with this decline of the COP, an electricity consumption increase above 10% is faced. For the second case study, a heat pump unit double the size of the one employed for the first case is modelled. In this case, the drop for the COP is 16% and the electricity consumption growth is above 20%.
Markvärmepumpar (GSHP) som utvinner värmen genom borrhålvärmeväxlare (BHE) är ett extremt effektivt sätt att tillhandahålla värme. Deras prestanda påverkas av temperaturen på den termiska källan: marken; ju högre det är temperaturen på marken, desto högre är deras prestanda. När efterfrågan på denna uppvärmningsteknologi ökar riskerar mängden GSHP i tätbefolkade områden att öka särskilt. Följaktligen är studien av termiskt inflytande mellan angränsande GSHP: er av yttersta vikt för att korrekt utforma dessa system i sådana områden. En jämförelse görs mellan prestanda för ett isolerat hus, och samma hus som en del av ett område med hög täthet av hus med identiska GSHP. Syftet med projektet är att studera de långsiktiga konsekvenserna av att utnyttja den termiska jordkällan på ett omfattande sätt, analysera hur GSHP-operationen påverkas i denna specifika fallstudie och presentera en metod som är tillräckligt generell för att kunna implementeras för olika förhållanden. Det presenteras en metodik baserad på en parameterkalibreringsmodell för HP för att analysera prestandan under åren för ett jordvärmepumpsystem som ligger i ett område där det finns en hög densitet av identiska installationer. Modellen testades för att verifiera dess noggrannhet vid simulering av HP: s prestanda och implementerades för två fallstudier som emulerar de förhållanden som finns i Sverige för uppvärmning av bostäder. För den första fallstudien, där en 6kW HP-enhet simuleras, minskade systemets COP cirka 15% under de 25 studerade åren. I god överensstämmelse med denna nedgång i COP står en ökad elförbrukning över 10% inför. För den andra fallstudien modelleras en värmepumpsenhet som är dubbelt så stor som den som används för det första fallet. I detta fall är fallet för COP 16% och elförbrukningstillväxten över 20%.

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Kay, R. "The use of heart rate variability measurements as a non-invasive method of assessing affective state in horses." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2012. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/25/.

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Domestic horses maintain many of their innate behavioural traits as a group-living, free-ranging herbivore that usually avoids predation by flight. Confinement, isolation, restraint, riding, training and exposure to management practices present a vastly different experience to their natural environment but the psychological need to respond to environmental factors may remain, even when the biological motivation has been removed. This disparity can lead to the development of physiological and behavioural abnormalities indicative of a negative affective state and poor welfare. The concept of animal welfare should include the animals’ physical and psychological health and harmony with their environment. There is an increasing call for subjective feelings and the assessment of emotion to be taken into account so that welfare can be enhanced by increasing the incidence of positive experiences and minimising negative ones. Reliably establishing the affective state of an animal is a challenging task but measuring physiology and behaviour in response to pleasant or unpleasant stimuli can provide evidence for the existence of affective state. Equine research has endeavoured to identify ‘reactivity’, temperament and emotionality but has not yet investigated underlying affective state in response to different stimuli, the existence of, or factors that might influence positive affective states. As such, there is no strong scientific knowledge of what equine emotional experiences are. Many physiological measures involve invasive procedures that contribute to the stress load of the individual and non-invasive methods often only determine the presence or absence of ‘stress’ or are dogged by interpretive problems. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a major growth area in the study of emotion and is an established parameter to quantify the state of the autonomic nervous system. Empirical evidence from human and animal research associates high levels of HRV with positive emotions and vice versa. This research aimed to evaluate the use of HRV alongside behavioural measurements as a non-invasive method of assessing affective state in horses. Equine HRV and behaviour were measured during anticipation of positive rewards (companionship and feeding), during a negatively valenced management procedure (sham-clipping), in four housing systems allowing increasing levels of social contact and potential factors affecting HRV were assessed. By exposing horses to housing and management conditions differing in their emotional valence it was possible to identify factors that significantly affected HRV and highlight incidences where a significant relationship existed between behaviour and HRV (significant if p≤0.05). Rewarding and contrasting circumstances were found to be significantly associated with HRV. Social interaction, ‘play’ behaviour and the provision of a haylage diet were all associated with high HRV whereas disruption to the horses’ leisure time was associated with low HRV. HRV provided an objective physiological measurement for interpreting behaviour and assessing underlying affective state; compliant behaviour in response to an aversive stimulus was not associated with low HRV and specific pre-feeding behaviours (behavioural transitions, ear movement and head nodding) could prove a useful indicator of negative affective state in future studies. Specific social and spatial factors significantly affecting HRV were also identified; tactile contact with neighbouring horses was related to high HRV and hay net position appeared to affect the horses’ capacity for environmental monitoring. A natural variation in HRV between equine sexes and between individuals was confirmed and changes in HRV were found to be situation-specific. It was possible to use these initial data to make suggestions for the establishment of a preferable habitat and management regime for horses. The importance of social interaction was highlighted, particularly ‘play’ behaviour. Horses housed in confinement and isolation may derive greater benefit from the ‘reward’ or contrast of social interaction than horses kept in more social conditions. Where negative experiences are encountered, these might be mitigated by rewarding with a preferred forage type and extending visual horizons towards neighbouring horses and the external environment. Ensuring that negative experiences are not prolonged or offsetting them with positive experiences could enhance quality of life. This study makes a unique contribution to equine welfare research as the use of HRV measurements to assess emotion in horses is a relatively new area of investigation. HRV was found to add vital physiological support to existing findings and although research of this nature is in its infancy, HRV appears to be a promising tool for assessing affective state and interpreting behavioural responses to stimuli in horses. There is extensive scope for further investigation into the use of HRV as a measure of emotional responses to management factors, environmental and ridden/training conditions in order to identify enjoyable or rewarding practices, so that the experience of positive emotion can be incorporated into management and training.

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Åhlander, Cevallos Viktor, and Henrik Åström. "Individual metering and charging of heat and hot water in row house areas - Comparing study of two row house areas in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146608.

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In today’s society our residents and premises consume 38 % of the total energy use in Sweden. 2011 that number corresponded to 77,8 TWh/year. Governments and the public’s strive to lower the energy use and the European Union’s goal that all member countries should lower their energy consumption with 20 % until year 2020 creates incentives to renovations and energy efficiency measures. A possible measure that could lead to reduced energy consumption for rental apartments and smaller residences like row-houses is to install individual metering. Individual metering is a method to measure how much energy is consumed in residences. Devices are installed in homes and can measure the water and heat consumption and let the residence pay for what is actually used. In this report the consumption and the costs for heat and warm water and the attitude to individual metering between two row-house areas is investigated. Both areas are located in Stockholm, in Huddinge and Farsta, where one of the areas has installed individual metering. Our study shows difference of the consumption and costs between the two areas. The installation of individual metering has result in a higher awareness for the people living in that area which has led to a reduced consumption and cost. The attitude for individual metering is positive in both areas and unchanged after the installation of individual metering.
I dagens samhälle förbrukar våra bostäder och lokaler ca 38 % av den totala energianvändningen i Sverige. 2011 motsvarade den siffran 77,8 TWh/år. Myndigheter och allmänhetens strävan att minska energiförbrukningen och EU:s målsättning att alla medlemsländer ska sänka sin energikonsumtion med 20 % fram till år 2020 skapar incitament för renoveringar och energieffektiviseringsåtgärder. En möjlig åtgärd för hyreslägenheter och mindre boenden som radhusområden är införandet av individuell mätning. Individuell mätning är en metod för att mäta energiförbrukningen i bostäder. Mätare installeras i hemmen och kan mäta vatten och värme och låter de boende betala för det de faktiskt konsumerar. I rapporten undersöks förbrukningen och kostnaderna för värme och varmvatten samt hur de boendes inställning är till individuell mätning mellan två radhusområden. Båda är belägna i Stockholm, i Huddinge respektive Farsta, där ett av områdena har infört individuell mätning. Studien visar skillnader på förbrukningen och kostnaderna mellan områdena jämfört med det andra området). Införandet av individuell mätning har medfört att de boende i området fått en högre medvetenhet vilket lett till en minskad förbrukning och kostnad. Inställningen och attityden till individuell mätning är lika positiv i båda områdena och attityden är oförändrad efter införandet i det området.

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Knutsen, Christopher. "Thermal analysis of the internal climate condition of a house using a computational model." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32740.

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The internal thermal climatic condition of a house is directly affected by how the building envelope (walls, windows and roof) is designed to suit the environment it is exposed to. The way in which the building envelope is constructed has a great affect on the energy required for heating and cooling to maintain human thermal comfort. Understanding how the internal climatic conditions react to the building envelope construction is therefore of great value. This study investigates how the thermal behaviour inside of a simple house reacts to changes made to the building envelope with the objective to predict how these changes will affect human thermal comfort when optimising the design of the house. A three-dimensional numerical model was created using computational fluid dynamic code (Ansys Fluent) to solve the governing equations that describe the thermal properties inside of a simple house. The geometries and thermophysical properties of the model were altered to simulate changes in the building envelope design to determine how these changes affect the internal thermal climate for both summer and winter environmental conditions. Changes that were made to the building envelope geometry and thermophysical properties include: thickness of the exterior walls, size of the window, and the walls and window glazing constant of emissivity. Results showed that there is a substantial difference in indoor temperatures, and heating and cooling patterns, between summer and winter environmental conditions. The thickness of the walls and size of the windows had a minimal effect on internal climate. It was found that the emissivity of the walls and window glazing had a significant effect on the internal climate conditions, where lowering the constant of emissivity allowed for more stable thermal conditions within the human comfort range.

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Faraj, A. "Assessing the performance of combined sustainable drainage and ground source heat devices in a domestic building." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/74d2036b-7ba3-478c-ad78-fd5957464d1c/1.

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A field study of the feasibility and the performance of a sustainable drainage technique combined with a renewable energy device to provide heating in a domestic setting was carried out from March 2008 to November 2010 to acquire practical data about the system’s operation. Among all the sustainable drainage techniques, permeable pavement system (PPS) was selected to be applied in this project since this particular technique can be used for driveways and car-parking hard standings, but more specially they can be designed as a tanked system whereby an impermeable membrane is installed at the bottom of the tank in order to hold the rainwater collected as runoff from hard areas and roofs before releasing it in a controlled manner. The renewable energy device applied in this study is a ground source heat pump system (GSHP), which has been found in previous studies to provide a better performance when installed in wet conditions. Based on this, the PPS and the GSHP with horizontal ground heat exchanger (GHE) were integrated in a 350mm deep reservoir under ‘real life’ conditins. The combined system operated in heating mode in a family–sized, three bedrooms detached EcoHouse at the Building Research Establishment Innovation Park, Watford, UK. Monitoring the combined system included taking measurements of the temperature of the conditioned space, the ground around the PPS/GSHP system, and of the ambient air every 10 minutes. Assessing the performance of the PPS/GSHP system involved investigating the effect of extracting heat via the GHE on the ground temperature, the impact of the PPS/GSHP on the thermal profile of the air above the surface of the reservoir, and computing the PPS/GSHP coefficient of performance (CoP). The thesis includes information about the design of the PPS/GSHP system including the structure of the sub-base, types and size of the used aggregate and stone, the depth of the excavated reservoir amongst others, also the technical problems that materialized, largely due to the fact that the PPS/GSHP was installed and operating under real-life circumstances. Results obtained from the study provided evidence for the workability of the combined system in regards of stormwater management and of providing heat to the EcoHouse. However, monitoring the rainwater stored in the reservoir showed that, due to leakage, the top part of the buried coil was not covered with water. The monitoring also revealed that the rainwater surrounding parts of the coil was, in severe weather, frozen. Moreover, highly significant correlations (p<0.01) were calculated for the ambient air and the ground temperature relationships with the CoP. All of these factors resulted in a 1.8 coefficient of performance being obtained. This low figure was related to the shallow depth of the reservoir since it became clear that its ground temperature was greatly influenced by the ambient air temperature. The study also revealed that the evaporation process was prevented from occurring due to the Inbitex™ composite layer, as a result there was no significant effect on cooling the thermal profile of the air near the surface of the pavement. Furthermore, it was concluded that continuous heat extraction from the ground contributed to an underground temperature drop.

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Ilisei, Gheorghe. "Numerical analysis using simulations for a geothermal heat pump system. : Case study: modelling an energy efficient house." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29101.

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The ground source resources are becoming more and more popular and now the ground source heat pumps are frequently used for heating and cooling different types of buildings. This thesis aims at giving a contribution in the development of the thermal modelling of borehole heat storage systems. Furthermore, its objective is to investigate the possibility of implementing of a GSHP (ground source heat pump) with vertical boreholes, in order to deliver the heating and cooling demand for a passive house and to emphasize some certain advantages of this equipment even in the case of a small building (e.g. residential house). A case study is presented to a suitable modelling tool for the estimation of the thermal behaviour of these systems GSHP by combining the outcome from different modelling programs. In order to do that, a very efficient residential solar house (EFden House – a passive residential single-family house, which was projected and built in Bucharest with academic purposes) is being analysed. The numerical results are produced using the software DesignBuilder, EED (Earth Energy Designer) and a sizing method for the length of the boreholes (ASHRAE method). The idea of using 2 different modelling programs and another sizing method for the borehole heat exchanger design (ASHRAE method) is to make sure that all the calculations and results are valid and reliable when analysing such a system theoretically (in the first phases of implementing a project), before performing a geotechnical study or a thermal response test in order to assess the feasibility of such a project beforehand. The results highlight that the length of the borehole, which is the main design parameter and also a good index in estimating the cost of the system, is directly influenced by the other fundamental variables like thermal conductivity of the grout, of the soil and the heat carrier fluid. Also, some correlations between these parameters and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the system were made. The idea of sizing the length of boreholes using two different methods shows the reliability of the modelling tool. The results showed a difference of only 2.5%. Moreover, the length of borehole is very important as it was calculated that can trigger a difference in electricity consumption of the GSHP up to 28%. It also showed the fact that the design of the whole system can be done beforehand just using modelling tools, without performing tests in-situ. The method aims at being considered as an efficient tool to estimate the length of the borehole of a GSHP system using several modelling tools.

The presentation was made via Skype due to the programme being online based

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Albert, Daniel. "Design of heat recovery system in an aluminium cast house : Design av varmegjenvinningssystem i et aluminium smelteverk." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19283.

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In this diploma thesis, the possibilities to enhance the process production and energy efficiencyas well as the energy recovery potential of PFA 2 at Hydro-Sunndalsøra have been determined.To identify the potentials for energy recovery, it has been conducted energy balances. The resultsfrom the balances give an overview of the waste heat sources and their total energy content, togetherwith the temperatures at which they are available. The total energy in the waste heatsources for PFA 2 was found to be 17.8 GWh/year. The largest waste heat sources were localisedin connection to the cooling agent of the casting ingot machine. Here disappears 12.32GWh/year through cooling water within a temperature range of 10 to 30°C as well as convectionand radiation to surrounding. The cooling water section one was determined as the most promisingheat recovery potential with 7.47 GWh/year. Furthermore the initialisation of liquid aluminiumalloy was revealed as a waste heat source with 5.48 GWh/year. Here disappears 3.34GWh/year through the flue gas of the furnace within a temperature range of 288 to 1,100°C andcreates the most promising heat recovery potential at the furnace.The energy saving potential is divided into three groups: energy saving by existing equipment,optimising of equipment and waste heat recovery. Here energy saving by existing equipmentreveals 26.4 MWh/year for an improved control quality of the melt temperature. The greatestpotential for energy saving by optimisation of the equipment was found to be 1.98 GWh/year forthe implementation of regenerative burner. Furthermore effects an installation of a furnace pressurecontrol system 689.14 MWh/year less energy consumption due to the avoided false air. Thegreatest energy saving potential for waste heat recovery was estimated to 1.65 GWh/year for thepreheating of charged metals to 300°C, instead of 20°C. The preheating also leads to improvedsafety, because of the elimination of moist metal in the furnaces, and increases the process production,as a consequence of larger melt capacity. Furthermore, heat to power solutions revealedthe use of favourable electricity production by the generation of waste heat. Here the greatestgeneration potential was found to be in the flue gas from the furnace. A common Rankine cycle,with a direct heat recovery design and water as working fluid, was estimated with a recoverypotential of 1.1 GWh/year. With the use of an organic Rankine cycle the potential can be recoveredto 489.8 MWh/year for an indirect heat recovery design and pentane as working fluid. Thereare still some challenges associated with flue gas heat exchangers (dust) and operation of suchpower generation plants at alternating heat loads, but the technology is under rapid development.The waste heat generation potential for the casting ingot machine was determined with 411.3MWh/year for an ideal organic Rankine cycle heat recovery design, within a temperature rangeof 58 to 90°C and R 134a as working fluid. An alternative ideal organic flash cycle layout revealed253.4 MWh/year (expander = 0.6) respectively 416.5 MWh/year (expander = 0.6), within atemperature range of 36 to 90°C and butane as working fluid. These considerations have lowerefficiencies compared to the furnace layouts caused by the low application temperatures (TBoiler <90°C).

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Beck, Johannes Gerhard [Verfasser], Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] Kessler, and Iris [Akademischer Betreuer] Antes. "Structural Studies of N-methylated Cyclopeptides and of the Small Heat Shock Protein Hsp26 from S. cerevisiae / Johannes Gerhard Beck. Gutachter: Horst Kessler ; Iris Antes. Betreuer: Horst Kessler." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024161714/34.

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Horne, Marie E. "Ancient Superstitions Steeped in the Human Heart: Rumors of the Supernatural as Resistance Narrative in The House of the Seven Gables." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2303.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables continuously plays with the idea of narrative authority to explore concepts of class and power within the novel. Since these concepts of class and power are also a central focus of Subaltern Studies, applying some of this body of scholarship to the novel brings into focus these concepts and sheds light on the motivations and types of resistance in the novel. The upper class characters, including the Pyncheons, construct and maintain a narrative based on the declarations of professionals and officials of the state and church. It discusses only the most noble characteristics and events of the upper classes and relies solely on rational, empirical thought. They create this narrative to maintain their authority and dominance. The lower classes, including the Maules, construct an alternate narrative to resist the upper class that is collected and passed down through rumor. Supernatural elements like ghosts and curses figure prominently in this narrative. It is only when the Pyncheon and Maule families begin to listen to and validate multiple narratives that class and power become less important and the reconciliation between families happens.

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Gonzaga, Iaçanã Valente Ferreira. "Gama-orizanol para equinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-22072014-142640/.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da suplementação com gama-orizanol em equinos submetidos a exercício aeróbio foram utilizados 10 cavalos da raça Puro Sangue Árabe, machos, castrados, com idade média de 35±8,15 meses e peso corporal médio de 375±22,78 kg, ao início do período experimental, divididos em dois lotes de cinco animais cada, denominados grupos \"controle\" e \"gama\". O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Alimentação e Fisiologia do Exercício de Equinos (LABEQUI), pertencente à FMVZ-USP, no Campus Administrativo de Pirassununga, São Paulo, adotando-se o consumo diário individual de 2% do peso corpóreo, com base na matéria seca, sendo 50% de volumoso composto por feno de gramínea e 50% de concentrado comercial. Em cada refeição, todos os animais receberam 50 mL de óleo vegetal, sendo que apenas o grupo gama recebeu o gamaorizanol (dez gramas diárias). Ambos os grupos foram exercitados em caminhador circular, durante 60 minutos, na velocidade máxima de 12 km/h, cinco vezes por semana. Durante o período experimental de seis meses, os cavalos foram mensalmente avaliados quanto ao ganho de peso, escore de condição corporal, frequência cardíaca e lipídeos plasmáticos (colesterol total e frações HDL-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C; e triglicérides). A cada quarenta e cinco dias foram realizadas mensurações ultrasonográficas da espessura da camada muscular e adiposa do músculo Longissimus dorsi, e da espessura da camada de gordura na região de inserção da cauda. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com medidas repetidas no tempo. Em relação ao peso corporal ou às medidas ultrassonográficas não foi observada diferença entre os grupos, porém foi verificada redução do escore corporal, com redução ao longo do tempo (p=0,04) de 10% para o grupo gama quando comparado com o grupo controle (6,5%). A concentração de colesterol total foi maior (p=0,001) para o grupo gama (113,99 mg/dL) do que o grupo controle (108,55 mg/dL). Em relação à frequência cardíaca (FC) foram observados efeitos de tempo para a FC basal (p=0,001), final (p=0,003), e ao final do exercício após 10 (p < 0,001) e 20 (p=0,009) minutos. A FC após 20 minutos também demonstrou interação tempo*tratamento (p=0,05), onde o grupo gama obteve menor média (46,03 bpm) do que o grupo controle (46,21bpm), e ao longo dos 180 dias a média desta variável reduziu em 30% para o grupo gama em relação ao controle (7%). A suplementação com gama-orizanol de equinos submetidos a exercício aeróbio pode proporcionar redução do escore de condição corporal, elevar a concentração de colesterol plasmático e pode melhorar a recuperação da frequência cardíaca após o esforço.
In order to evaluate the effect of supplementation with gamma-oryzanol in horses undergoing aerobic exercise were used ten Purebred Arabian horses, geldings, mean age 35±8.15 months and mean weight of 375±22.78 kg at the beginning of the experimental period, divided into two groups of five animals each, named \"gamma\" and \"control\" groups. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratório de Pesquisa em Alimentação e Fisiologia do Exercício de Equinos (LABEQUI), belonging to FMVZ-USP, at Campus Administrativo de Pirassununga, São Paulo, adopting individual daily consumption of 2% of body weight, based on dry matter, 50% of forage composed of grass hay and 50% commercial concentrate. In each meal, the animals received fifty milliliters of vegetable oil, and only the gamma group received the gamma-oryzanol (ten grams daily). Both groups were trained in electronic walker for sixty minutes at a maximum speed of 12 km/h, five times a week. During the trial period of six months, the horses were evaluated monthly to weight gain, body condition score, and plasma lipids (total cholesterol and HDL-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides). The every fortyfifth days were performed ultrasonographic measurements of the thickness of muscle and adipose Longissimus dorsi, and the thickness of the fat layer at the insertion of the tail. We obtained heart rates (HR) at baseline, during maximal work (HR peak), final HR and HR at 10 and 20 minutes after the end of the exercise. We used a completely randomized design with repeated measures and significance level was 10 %. In relation to body weight or measure ultrasound there was no difference between the groups, but was observed reduction of body condition score, reducing over time (p=0,04) of 10 % for the gamma group when compared with the control group (6.5 %). The total cholesterol concentration was higher (p=0.001) for the gamma group (113.99 mg/dL) than the control group (108.55 mg/dL). Regarding the heart rate (HR) effects were observed over the time baseline HR (p=0.001), final (p=0.003), and at the end of exercise after 10 (p < 0.001) and 20 (p = 0.009) minutes. The HR after 20 minutes also showed interaction time*treatment (p=0.05) , the gamma group had lower average (46.03 bpm) than the control group (46.21bpm) , and over the 180 days the average this variable reduced by 30 % for the gamma compared to control group (7 %). Supplementation with gamma-oryzanol in horses undergoing aerobic exercise can provide a reduction of body condition score, raising the concentration of plasma cholesterol and can improve heart rate recovery after exercise.

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Stenström, Embla. "Hear the Centaur : A study on the possibilities to use auditory stimulation whilst horse riding in order to raise somatic awareness of the rider." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22036.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the possibilities of using auditory stimulation in order to raise somatic awareness of horse riders while riding using Somaesthetic Appreciation Design as a method. In research of Somaesthetics and horse-human relations, a gap in Somaesthetics is being questioned, and a new dimension is suggested. Somaesthetics in the design of technology often surround the self of a user, and Somaesthetics as described by Shusterman is focused on self development, but many of our experiences are in union to other beings. The suggestion of a new dimension is called Centaur Somaesthetics, and it focuses on the relation and communication between two somas in order to understand and improve oneself. One example of an experience where the self is dependent to another being is within equestrianism, where the rider is dependent on the horse. Riders, as well as their horses, use their bodies to communicate while riding, meaning that being aware of one's body as a tool for communication is crucial. When horse and rider find harmony within teamwork, the rider may experience a centaur feeling of being one with the horse. This centaur feeling relies on the rider's ability to support and direct the horse, but to do this we need to understand the horse. One of the basics in equestrianism is rhythm and tempo, where a correct rhythm and a consistent tempo in all gaits is desirable as it is a sign of good communication and a well-educated horse. By applying the Somaesthetics principle of raising somatic awareness to understand and improve oneself - this study has explored the possibilities of using audio in combination with the self-tracking application Equilab, using their technology of tracking motion data to determine rhythm and tempo. This has resulted in the concept of using rhythm-adaptive and tempo-flexible music to support the riders to be more aware of their bodies as a tool for communication. The music will present a correct rhythm of the ridden gait as well as it is being played at a consistent tempo of the horse’s natural tempi. While testing a design of the concept called Hear the Centaur, the conclusion of the music having great signs of a heightened somatic awareness was established. No objective data of a more consistent tempo or a more correct rhythm was found, but all riders who participated in the study articulated that they found a great support in the music. All riders found support in the area that they were currently struggling with, and all riders mentioned that the music helped them with their communication to their horse.

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Wright, Gillian R. "The effect of domestic mechanical heat recovery ventilation on asthma control of patients allergic to the house dust mite." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/189/.

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The prevalence of asthma has increased over the last generation, in parallel with a warm indoor microclimate. Central heating, fitted carpets and tight building construction have improved standards of heating and energy efficiency in homes, at the expense of ventilation. A warm, humid environment favours the growth of the house dust mite population. Allergy to the house dust mite is the most common allergy associated with asthma in the UK. Studies of occupational asthma, seasonal asthma and at altitude infer that the environment may directly affect symptoms of asthma. Allergen avoidance has been advocated as an important aspect of asthma management, yet the evidence for its efficacy has not been clear. Large studies of conventional measures to eradicate dust mites, such as mattress covers, have not shown a benefit for symptoms of asthma. As house dust mites are sensitive to humidity, an additional strategy would be to reduce indoor air humidity by improving ventilation. A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study examined the effect of the installation of domestic mechanical heat recovery ventilation on asthma control in the homes of 119 adults sensitive to house dust mite allergen. The study involved collaboration between the University Departments of Architecture, Respiratory Medicine and Immunology, local General Practices, the district general hospital, the local councils and industry. 100 participants completed follow-up. At twelve months, there was a clinically significant improvement in evening peak expiratory flow in the mechanical ventilation group and fewer admissions to hospital with asthma. There was a non-significant improvement in the mechanical ventilation group in the primary outcome, morning peak expiratory flow. There was a significant reduction in the asthma control questionnaire score at 3 months, but this was not sustained to 12 months. Rhinitis visual analogue scores for sneezing, nasal discharge and nasal blockage significantly improved in the group with mechanical ventilation compared to the control group at 6 months, but not at 12 months. There was no difference in exhaled nitric oxide, a measure of airway inflammation, between the two groups at 12 months. However, these clinical improvements could not be explained by reduced allergen exposure, as although indoor air humidity was reduced during the winter months, there was no difference between the house dust mite levels between the groups, nor in the levels of specific IgE to the house dust mite. Other mechanisms, such as mould, endotoxin, viral infection and environmental tobacco smoke should be considered in future work. In the mechanical ventilation group there was a modest individual gain of 0.02 Quality-adjusted life years over 12 months. However, it may still prove a cost-effective intervention if the clinical effects are sustained. Further research is required to establish if the clinical effects are sustained for greater than one year and to investigate the mechanism of the effect of improved home ventilation on respiratory health.

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Královský, Jaroslav. "Autonomní energetický systém." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417839.

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This diploma thesis deals with available technologies when designing autonomous house. Theoretical part of this thesis shows and presents options for gaining energy from renewable resources and options for energy storage. The practical part of the thesis is focused on designing partly autonomous system for model house using renewable resources. In the thesis are three options of gainig energy for the house, from which is chosen the best option.

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Chantrawongphaisal, Borisut. "Elaboration and characterization of coconut fibres cement panel : modelisation and simulation of heat transfers in a coconut fibre cement roofing house." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP1127.

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Janackovic, Valentina. "Det desillusionerade sinnets sökande efter kunskap : En berättarteknisk studie av tre noveller av Edgar Allan Poe." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225377.

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En berättarteknisk studie av "Ligeia", "The Tell-Tale Heart" samt "The Fall of the House of Usher". Studien fokuseras till kunskap respektive destruktivitet och dess funktion i de skilda novellerna. Genom att se till de berättartekniska aspekterna skapas en ny ingång till förståelsen för novellerna och en ny grund för en kompletterande motivanalys. De tre novellernas narrativa framställning och strukturella uppbyggnad skiljer sig men delar vissa gemensamma grepp vilket möjliggör för vidgad förståelse av novellerna.

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Braida, Giacomo, and Roberto Tomasetig. "Preliminary analysis of the potential energy saving achievable with a predictive control strategy of a heat pump for a single family house." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240067.

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The present work reports a study related to the potential improvement of the energy performances of a heat pump based heating system for a Swedish single-family house. The analysis is focused on the design of new rule-based control strategies which employ perfect predictions of weather forecast and human behaviour information. In particular, the considered signals are the outdoor temperature, the solar radiation, the internal gain due to inhabitants’ activities and the Domestic Hot Water (DHW) consumption. The study is performed by means of the TRNSYS® simulation software in which the model of the heating system is implemented. More specifically, it is composed by a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) unit, a stratified storage tank of three hundred litres and the building element. The performances of the developed control logics are evaluated using a degree-minute on/off controller as reference case. The results show that the improved control logics yield to an increase of the energy efficiency of the system as well as an enhancement of the indoor and DHW temperatures stability.
EffSys Expand P18: Smart Cotnrol Strategies for Heat Pump Systems

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Betiol, Patricia Stocco. "Uso da função pancreática como valor preditivo na recuperação de equinos acometidos por duodeno-jejunite proximal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-09102012-144154/.

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Para determinar o quanto a avaliação pancreática pode ser útil como valor preditivo da recuperação de eqüinos acometidos por duodeno-jejunite proximal (DJP), foram utilizados 17 equinos, sendo cinco animais hígidos como grupo controle e 12 animais atendidos no Hospital de Eqüinos da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da USP com diagnóstico clínico de duodeno-jejunite proximal. Após a recepção destes no Serviço de Clínica Médica, foram avaliados seus parâmetros vitais (temperatura interna, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, movimentos cecais), hidratação; volume de refluxo estomacal e seu pH; e posteriormente foram colhidas amostras de sangue a cada 12 horas até que o quadro clínico se estabilizasse. Deste momento em diante, a avaliação dos animais e colheitas das amostras de sangue ocorreram a cada 24 horas, até o completo restabelecimento destes com o retorno da ingestão de alimento. Foram determinadas as concentrações séricas de amilase; lípase; triglicérides; colesterol, proteína total; albumina e glicose no analisador bioquímico automático Labmax® com o uso de reativos específicos, as concentrações séricas de insulina e glucagon através de radioimunoensaio, e determinadas as proteínas séricas ceruloplasmina; haptoglobina, e proteína C reativa por Eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-SDS. A análise estatística indicou diferença entre o grupo controle e o grupo de cavalos com DJP que morreu, para triglicérides (p=0,0032) e entre o grupo controle e o grupo de cavalos com DJP que sobreviveu, para insulina (p=0,0127), colesterol (p=0,0061), amilase (p=0,0471) e lipase (p=0,0011) e; indicou diferenças entre o grupo controle e o grupo que morreu e o grupo que sobreviveu para glucagon (respectivamente p=0,0092 e p=0,0004), para albumina (respectivamente p=0,0244 e p=0,0089) e para haptoglobina (respectivamente p=0,005 e p=0,0014). Já a análise para o grupo que sobreviveu entre os momentos chegada, retirada da sonda e alta (respectivamente M1, M2 e M3) indicou diferenças estatísticas entre o M1 e o M3 para triglicérides (p=0,011), insulina (p= 0,018), frequência cardíaca (FC) (p=0,046) e hematócrito (p=0,008), e diferenças entre o M1 e o M2 para insulina (p= 0,018) e para o hematócrito (p=0,003). A avaliação estatística entre o grupo de cavalos que morreu e que sobreviveu nos momentos M1, M2, M3 e M4 (respectivamente 0, 12, 24 e 36 horas após a chegada no hospital) indicou diferenças para triglicérides no M2 (p=0,0338), para glucagon nos quatro momentos com p variando de p=0,0142 a 0,0402, para frequência respiratória no M2 (p=0,0272), para FC nos quatro momentos com p variando de p=0,0138 a 0,0415, e para hematócrito em M1 (p=0,0298); M2 (p=0,0182) e M3 (p=0,0402). Os resultados sugerem que os animais com DJP estavam em balanço energético negativo acentuado, pois, os valores de triglicérides e glucagon encontraram-se significativamente alterados nestes animais. O aumento de haptoglobina, nos animais com DJP, dos dois grupos avaliados em relação ao grupo controle, sugere que esta é uma proteína de fase aguda importante para ser acompanhada nos animais com DJP. Em contrapartida, as proteínas ceruloplasmina e proteína C reativa não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas, portanto, o processo da DJP parece não influenciar as suas concentrações de forma significativa. Durante a pesquisa, houve grande variação dos valores de FC e hematócrito nos animais do grupo que morreu e do grupo que sobreviveu, sugerindo que estes parâmetros sejam de grande importância para serem avaliados no transcorrer da doença. Concluiu-se, através dos exames laboratoriais realizados, que a função pancreática não pode ser usada como valor preditivo da recuperação de cavalos com DJP, que os valores de hematócrito e frequência cardíaca são de fundamental importância no acompanhamento da evolução e da melhora clínica dos cavalos com essa doença e, que dentre as proteínas de fase aguda avaliadas (ceruloplasmina, proteína C reativa e haptoglobina), apenas a haptoglobina aumentou significativamente nos cavalos com DJP.
Seventeen horses were evaluated to confirm if the pancreatic function could be used to predict the clinical improvement of horses with duodenitis-proximal jejunitis (DPJ). Of the 17 horses in this study, 5 were used as control group and the other 12 were admitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the University of São Paulo with DPJ. Sample collected for horses with DPJ included physical examination (heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature), hydration, volume, color and pH analysis of nasogastric reflux (NGR). The blood of horses was collected on the admission at the hospital and each 12 hours until the normalization of physical parameters and at the end of NGR, at this time the blood and physical examination were made each 24 hours until the time the time animals were allowed to eat. Samples of 12 horses with DPJ were collected for amylasis, lipasis, triglycerides, cholesterol, total serum protein, albumin, and glucose analysis by Labmax® automatic biochemistry analyzer. The insulin, glucagon and trypsin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. And the serum acute phase proteins concentrations of: cerulopasmin, haptoglobin and C reactive protein were determined by SDS polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis. The statistical analysis showed differences between the control group (in fast) and the horses that have died for triglycerides (p=0,0032). And differences between the control group and the horses that have survived for insulin (p=0,0127), cholesterol, (p=0,0061), amylasis (p=0,0471) and lipasis (p=0,0011). The statistical analysis showed differences between the control group (in fast) and both groups of horses that have died and horses that survived for glucagon (p=0,0092 and p=0,0004, respectively), for albumin (p=0,0244 e p=0,0089, respectively) and for haptoglobin (p=0,005 and p=0,0014, respectively). The statistical analysis between moments: at the time of admission at the hospital (M1), at the time ending of the nasogastric reflux (M2) and at the time animals returned to eat (M3), in survived horses, showed differences between M1 and M3 for triglycerides (p=0,011), insulin (p=0,018), heart rate (HR) (p=0,046) and hematocrit (p=0,008). And we found differences between M1 and M2 for insulin (p= 0,018) and hematocrit (p=0,003). The analysis on the admission at the hospital (M1), 12 (M2), 24 (M3) and 36 (M4) hours after that, between horses that have died and horses that have survived showed differences in M2 for triglycerides (p=0,0338), for glucagon in M1 to M4 with the p value varied from p=0,0142 to 0,0402. We found differences in M2 for respiratory rate (p=0,0272), differences for HR in M1 to M4 with the p value varied from p=0,0138 to 0,0415 and differences in M1 (p=0,0298); M2 (p=0,0182) and M3 (p=0,0402) for hematocrit. Because of the significant disturbance of triglycerides and glucagon values we assumed that the animals with DPJ were in severe negative energy balance. The increased values of haptoglobin suggest that there is an important acute phase protein to observe during the DPJ process. But, the DPJ do not appear to significatively alter ceruloplasmin and C reactive protein concentrations. During the trial, there were considerable HR and hematocrit variations in both animals with DPJ that have died and that have survived. That fact made us believe that those are very important parameters to evaluate during the DPJ disease. We concluded that the pancreatic function couldn\'t be used to predict the clinical improvement of horses with DPJ, that the HR and hematocrit are very important data to follow during the disease, and just the haptoglobin values increased in horses with DPJ.

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Arnaiz, Remiro Lierni. "Modelling and assessment of energy performance with IDA ICE for a 1960's Mid-Sweden multi-family apartment block house." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24530.

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The present thesis has been carried out during the spring of 2017 on behalf of Gavlegårdarna AB. This is a public housing company in Gävle (Sweden) which is a large energy consumer, over 200 million SEK per year, and has the ambitious goal of reduce its energy consumption by 20 % between 2009 and 2020. Many multi-family apartment blocks were built during the "million programme" in the 60’s and 70’s when thermal comfort was the priority and not the energy saving. Nevertheless, this perspective has changed and old buildings from that time have been retrofitted lately, but there are many left still. In fact, one of these buildings will be retrofitted in the near future so a valid model is needed to study the energy saving measures to be taken. The aim of this thesis is to get through a calibration process to obtain a reliable and valid model in the building simulation program IDA ICE 4.7.1. Once this has been achieved it will be possible to carry out the building’s energy performance assessment. IDA ICE has shown some limitations in terms of thermal bridges which has accounted for almost 15 % of total transmission heat losses. For this reason, it is important to make a detailed evaluation of certain joints between elements for which heat losses are abundant. COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element software has been used to calculate these transmittances and then use them as input to IDA ICE to carry out the simulation. Through an evidence-based methodology, although with some sources of uncertainty, such as, occupants’ behaviour and air infiltration, a valid model has been obtained getting almost the same energy use for space heating than actual consumption with an error of 4% (Once the standard value of 4 kWh/m2 for the estimation of energy use in apartments' airing has been added). The following two values have been introduced to IDA ICE: household electricity and the energy required for heating the measured volume of tap water from 5 °C to 55 °C. Assuming a 16 % of heat losses in the domestic hot water circuit, which means that part of the heat coming from hot water heats up the building. This results in a lower energy supply for heating than the demanded value from IDA ICE. Main heat losses have been through transmission and infiltration or openings. Windows account 11.4 % of the building's envelope, thus the losses through the windows has supposed more than 50 % of the total transmission losses. Regarding thermal comfort, the simulation shows an average Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) of 12 % in the worst apartment. However, the actual value could be considerably lower since the act of airing the apartments has not been taken into account in the simulation as well as the strong sun's irradiation in summer which can be avoided by windows shading. So, it could be considered an acceptable level of discomfort. To meet the National Board of Housing Building and Planning, (Boverket) requirements for new or rehabilitated buildings, several measures should be taken to improve the average thermal transmittance and reduce the specific energy use. Among the energy saving measures it might be interesting replace the windows to 3 pane glazing, improve the ventilation system to heat recovery unit, seal the joints and intersections where thermal bridges might be or add more insulation in the building’s envelope.

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OrdeÑana, Ianire. "REDUCTION OF THE COSTS IN A HOUSE IN VALBO THAT USES ELECTRICITY AS ENERGY SOURCE : Study of the installation of a heat pump or connection to the district heating." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-593.

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The analyzed building in this project is located in Valbo, 9016 Stiftelsev 6. This house is a property of Gavlegårdarna, and it is being used as a house for disabled people. The building consists on five apartments, with one patient in each apartment. Some social workers help those patients in everything they need, making their living in the house as easy as possible.

The aim of this project is to find out the best option of reducing the energy consumption in this house. There are some alternatives to reduce the energy or the energy costs as; efficiency measures, load management and energy conversion.

This project is focused on the energy conversion for reducing the energy consumption. As it is the best option for obtaining a considerable reduction in the annual costs.

First of all the energy balance of the house is analyzed. By studying the energy balance it is possible to find out how the energy consumption of the house is divided. On one hand there is the heat supplied and on the other hand the heat losses.

As it was said before this project is focused in the reduction of the energy consumption by means of converting to another energy supplying method. Two alternatives have been studied: the installation of a heat pump and the connection to the district heating of Gävle.

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Kořínek, Vladimír. "Návrh ekologického vytápění rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399500.

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This diploma thesis deals with the design of ecological heating for a family house. The main objective is to find the most advantageous variant of the heating and water heating system using a heat pump in cooperation with an alternative heating system. Thermal losses are calculated for the selected object, and several heating designs are made based on the calculations. Then the economic return of the designs is calculated.

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Šebelová, Denisa. "Posouzení nákladů spojených s vytápěním novostavby energeticky úsporného rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446754.

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This diploma thesis addresses the economic assessment of the methods of heating and combinations of technologies for energy saving. The objective of this work is to assess the economical effectiveness of individual types of sources of heating. It is first necessary to established gross requirements of energy for heating, water heating, and other household operations. Based on this information, suitable sources are determined. Alternative energy sources are other aspects for consideration – controlled ventilation with heat recovery, and photovoltaic cells. The aim of the thesis is to identify which combination of those technologies is the most economically effective for the opted house. This work aims to help the investor in decision making about the technological solution of heating and power purchase. The outcome is a complex evaluation of different options for the assessed house.

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Hrbata, Jiří. "Návrh větracího systému rodinného domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229445.

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Diploma thesis deals with design of the ventilation system for low-energy house. Introduction of the thesis is focused on ventilation needs and also includes a summary of main principals of ventilation systems which are commonly used in family houses. One chapter is dedicated to utilization of ground heat exchangers and also includes a CFD simulation. The actual design of the ventilation system for low-energy house assess the suitability of using local/central ventilation units and also determines the best method of controlling the system.

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Bodelsson, Cecilia, and Emma Sandersson. "Kompaktaggregat till Passivhus i Sverige." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Technology and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2113.

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Kompaktaggregat är ett integrerat FTX- och FVP-system som används i passivhus. Vi har gjort

energiberäkningar i programmet VIP+ för att se hur kompaktaggregatet skulle kunna fungera i

passivhus i Sverige.

De resultat vi har fått fram ur VIP+ visar att passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat klarar

av att nå passivhuskraven ända upp till Skellefteå. De beräknade värdena understiger kraven för

passivhus, men en viss marginal behövs för att kraven ska nås även efter uppförandet av

byggnaden. Vi har även tolkat tekniska uppgifter på ett sätt som enligt oss har en positiv effekt

för passivhus på kallare orter. Därför tror vi inte att värdena för de tre nordligaste platserna är

helt tillförlitliga. De övriga plasterna ser bra ut. Passivhus med ett installerat kompaktaggregat

klarar enligt oss passivhuskraven i dessa städer; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg, Stockholm och med

tveksamhet Borlänge.

Compact units are an integrated balanced ventilation whit recovery and an extracted air heat

pump that are used in passive houses. We have done some energy calculations to see how

compact units would be able to operate in Sweden.

The results we have been receiving from VIP+, display that a passive house with an installed

compact unit manages to achieve the demands for passive houses all the way up to the city

Skellefteå. The calculated values are below the demands for passive house, but a certain margin

is needed for the demands to be met after the building is complete. We have also construed

technical data in a way that can have a positive effect on the passive houses in colder locations.

Because of this we do not think the values for the three cities furthest north are entirely reliable.

The other locations look good. Passive houses with an installed compact unit would, according

to our research meet the passive house demands in these cities; Malmö, Växjö, Göteborg,

Stockholm and with a doubt Borlänge.

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Kasuga, Mika. "Unwitting Violations: The Threat of Innocence in Elizabeth Bowen's Novels and Short Stories." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/354.

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This thesis seeks to explain Elizabeth Bowen's preoccupation with social outcasts in her novels and ghosts in her short stories through her conception of space. Because psycho-emotional boundaries possess such overwhelming importance in her fiction, the transgression of these boundaries constitutes a threat to the dominant social order, and Bowen's plots revolve around the consequences of this. As a result, ghosts and innocents are manifestations of the same force within Bowen's writing, but which she simply indulged in different forms.

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Drápal, Michal. "Snížování energetické náročnosti obytného objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378509.

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This diploma thesis deals with the calculation of the heat loss of a family house, possible ways of reducing the heat loss and impacts of replacing an existing heating source with a gas condensing boiler or heat pump. The research is focused on the individual ways of reducing the heat loss and possible choices of heating sources for the chosen subject. In the next part, there is the house described and its heat loss is calculated according to ČSN EN 12831. Subsequently, arrangements are proposed to reduce the heat loss and return on investment is calculated. The last part is focused on replacing the existing heating source by a gas con-densing boiler and heat pump. Regarding to low price of 1 GJ of heat, reducing heat loss without the subsidy program “Nová Zelená Úsporám”, would not be interesting. However, if we replace an existing source with a gas condensing boiler or heat pump, then the reduction is a must.

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Kolbábek, Antonín. "Energetická simulace vlivu zemního výměníku tepla na provoz rekuperační jednotky teplovzdušného vytápění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228723.

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The thesis deals with energy simulation of a heat recovery system in coupling with a ground heat exchanger (GHE) in a low-energy family house with warm-air heating and ventilation. The effect of GHE on operation and effectiveness of a heat recovery unit was assessed from the results of the simulation. Next, energy and economic benefits of the heat recovery with and without GHE and consequent savings were evaluated as well. The profitability of the investment was assessed using comparison with the investment costs. Recommendations for the operation of the system were suggested.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Horse heart'

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