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Journal articles on the topic 'Hormone therapy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Mel’nikov, A. P., and V. A. Fedorenko. "Risk of thromboembolic complications during hormone therapy." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 100, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2022-100-1-11-17.

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The review presents modern data of the eﬀect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy drugs on the risk of thromboembolic complications. The eﬀect of components of the drugs and their dosages on the hemostasis system is presented, the use of hormonal therapy in women with extragenital diseases is discussed, the ways of reducing the thrombogenic risk of hormones with their mandatory use are debated.

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2

Mitra, Saikat, Mashia Subha Lami, Avoy Ghosh, Rajib Das, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Fatimawali, Fahadul Islam, et al. "Hormonal Therapy for Gynecological Cancers: How Far Has Science Progressed toward Clinical Applications?" Cancers 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030759.

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In recent years, hormone therapy has been shown to be a remarkable treatment option for cancer. Hormone treatment for gynecological cancers involves the use of medications that reduce the level of hormones or inhibit their biological activity, thereby stopping or slowing cancer growth. Hormone treatment works by preventing hormones from causing cancer cells to multiply. Aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, progestin, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, GnRH agonists, and progestogen are effectively used as therapeutics for vulvar cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Hormone replacement therapy has a high success rate. In particular, progestogen and estrogen replacement are associated with a decreased incidence of gynecological cancers in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The activation of estrogen via the transcriptional functionality of ERα may either be promoted or decreased by gene products of HPV. Hormonal treatment is frequently administered to patients with hormone-sensitive recurring or metastatic gynecologic malignancies, although response rates and therapeutic outcomes are inconsistent. Therefore, this review outlines the use of hormonal therapy for gynecological cancers and identifies the current knowledge gaps.

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3

Pines, Amos. "Where postmenopausal hormone therapy stands today." HORMONES 8, no. 4 (October 15, 2009): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1241.

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4

Beyer-Westendorf, Jan, Rupert Bauersachs, Viola Hach-Wunderle, Rainer B. Zotz, and Hannelore Rott. "Sex hormones and venous thromboembolism – from contraception to hormone replacement therapy." Vasa 47, no. 6 (October 1, 2018): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000726.

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Abstract. The use of sex hormones such as combined oral contraceptives (COC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) considerably, especially in patients with an increased intrinsic risk for thromboembolic complications. Despite public and media attention and increasing scientific evidence, prescription patterns seem to be hard to change. It is well recognized that the patient’s baseline risk is the most relevant factor in the absolute risk for developing VTE. The relative risk increase associated with sex hormones, depends on the type and dosage of hormones, the route of application (oral, vaginal, transdermal), and for COC, on the specific combination of oestrogen and gestagen components. Consequently, a careful decision for or against any specific type of hormone treatment needs to be based on an assessment of the patient’s risk profile (disposition) as well as on the treatment-associated risks and benefits (exposition). This review discusses the most common sex hormone treatments in contraception and HRT, the relevance for VTE risk patients, and strategies to counsel patients with regard to hormone use according to their risk profiles. Keywords: Oral contraceptives, hormonal contraception, hormone replacement therapy, venous thromboembolism

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5

Zheng, H., J. J. Kavanagh, W. Hu, Q. Liao, and S. Fu. "Hormonal therapy in ovarian cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 17, no. 2 (2007): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00749.x.

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Ovarian carcinoma continues to be the leading cause of death due to gynecological malignancy. Epidemiologic studies indicate that steroid hormones play roles in ovarian carcinogenesis. Gonadotropins, estrogen, and androgen may be causative factors, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone and progesterone may be protective factors in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Experimental studies have shown that hormonal receptors are expressed in ovarian cancer cells and mediate the growth-stimulatory or growth-inhibitory effects of the hormones on these cells. Hormonal therapeutic agents have been evaluated in several clinical trials. Most of these trials were conducted in patients with recurrent or refractory ovarian cancer, with modest efficacy and few side effects. Better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormonal therapy. Molecular markers that can reliably predict major clinical outcomes should be investigated further in well-designed trials

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6

Dumanić, Klara, Jelena Marušić, and Ivana Mudnić. "Influence of oral hormonal contraception on the concentration of anti-Müllerian and reproductive hormones in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome." St open 4 (December 6, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.4.18.

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Aim: To investigate the effects of three-month use of oral hormonal contraception (OHC) on hormonal status and ovarian reserve indicator (anti-Müllerian hormone, AMH) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: 19 patients with diagnosed PCOS and clinical and laboratory signs of hyperandrogenism without additional comorbidities and co-medication were included in the study. All participants received therapy with the same oral hormonal contraceptive (fixed combination of 0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate). The main outcomes were the concentrations of reproductive hormones measured before starting therapy and in the first cycle following therapy. Hormone concentrations were analysed using the immunochemical electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) method.Results: Initial concentrations of total and free testosterone and AMH were elevated, while initial concentrations of other reproductive hormones were within reference values. By applying the therapy, the concentrations of AMH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol decreased by more than 20% and those of free testosterone by 85%. The concentration of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) increased by 44%.Conclusions: Three months of oral hormonal contraception with 35 μg ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate reduced elevated concentrations of AMH and free testosterone in PCOS patients. The decrease in serum AMH concentration indicates a temporary interruption of folliculogenesis as well as the selection of follicles from preantral to antral, and the decrease in androgens has a positive effect on the clinical condition and symptoms of patients with PCOS.

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7

Ch, Renuka Devi, and Jhansi Rani N. "Impact of Yoga therapy on hormonal imbalance in women with Polycystic Ovarian Disease." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 14, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i1.3357.

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The current study aims to evaluate the impact of yoga therapy on hormonal imbalance in PCOS affected women. An empirical study was conducted on 25 women having been diagnosed with PCOS condition. The study used pre and post design. Before starting allopathic medication participants were explained about yoga therapy and participants in the study voluntarily agreed to participate in this study without using medication. Written consent was obtained from the participants. Testosterone, Prolactin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), were selected as dependent variables for this study. Before introducing the yoga therapy intervention, baseline hormonal values were collected through blood tests. All the 25 participants practiced yoga protocol specially designed for PCOS condition, for a duration of 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks the participant took the blood test in the laboratory for hormonal levels of PCOS related hormones selected for this study. Baseline data was compared with Post data. The impact of yoga therapy on the hormonal imbalance was statistically analysed through paired t-test. The statistical analysis yielded following t values: Serum Testosterone 21.52 (P <0.001), Serum Prolactin 22.13 (P<0.001), Serum LH 30.10 (P<0.001), and Serum FSH 14.16 (P<0.001). The impact of yoga therapy intervention on hormones related to PCOS condition was found to be significantly positive. The results imply that regular yoga practice can be an effective therapy for women with PCOS, especially for correcting imbalance in hormone levels related to PCOS.

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8

WARREN, MICHELLE P. "Hormone Therapy." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 47, no. 2 (June 2004): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200406000-00016.

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9

&NA;. "Hormone Therapy." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 47, no. 2 (June 2004): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-200406000-00025.

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10

PINKERTON, JOANN V. "Hormone Therapy." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 61, no. 3 (September 2018): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000383.

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11

Johnson, C. J. "Hormone therapy." Neurology 46, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1496.

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12

Biller, J. "Hormone therapy." Neurology 46, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1496-a.

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13

Scott, Ramona G. "Hormone Therapy." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 111, no. 11 (November 2011): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000407278.86759.6b.

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14

Fischer, Catha, Amanda N. Kallen, and Lubna Pal. "Hormone Therapy." Menopause 20, no. 11 (November 2013): 1204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31829cd38d.

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15

Peterson, Herbert B., Stephen B. Thacker, Phaedra S. Corso, Polly A. Marchbanks, and Jeffrey P. Koplan. "Hormone Therapy." Archives of Internal Medicine 164, no. 21 (November 22, 2004): 2308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.164.21.2308.

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16

Carlson, H. E., M. L. Graber, M. C. Gelato, and J. M. Hershman. "Endocrine Effects of Erythropoietin." International Journal of Artificial Organs 18, no. 6 (June 1995): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889501800603.

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Uremic men may manifest a variety of hormonal abnormalities, including decreased serum concentrations of testosterone and thyroid hormones and increased serum levels of growth hormone and prolactin. Some previous investigations have reported that erythropoietin therapy may reverse these hormonal changes. To investigate this possibility further, we measured serum prolactin, testosterone, LH, FSH, TSH, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, growth hormone and IGF-I in 21 generally elderly male hemodialysis patients before and during erythropoietin therapy; many of the patients also received an anabolic steroid or metoclopramide treatment. Despite a significant erythropoietic response in a majority of the subjects, no significant changes were seen in any of the hormonal parameters other than a small decrease in serum growth hormone concentrations. Advanced age and chronic illness in our patients may have played a role in limiting the hormonal response reported by others.

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17

Guzeva, Valentina I., Victoria V. Guzeva, and Oksana V. Guzeva. "Comparison of conducted antiepileptic therapy with indicators of hormones level in blood serum of girls with epilepsy." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped7132-42.

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Introduction. Multiple changes in the organism, which are observed in prepubertal and pubertal age, creates the need of clear diagnosis and treatment of the disease based on drugs interactions and their influence on hormonal status. In girls with epilepsy, such studies were not conducted. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of modern antiepileptic drugs on hormonal status in adolescent girls with epilepsy. Materials and methods. In blood of 50 girls aged 8 to 17 years with epilepsy studied levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrogiobulin antibodies (a/b TG), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), parathyroid hormone (P) and cortisol (C). Treatment in most cases included valproic acid, carbamazepine, and topiramate. The main results of the study. In treatment with use of various drugs detected 2 (9.52 %) significant differences in hormone levels and 7 (33.33 %), significant differences in the width of distribution of hormones values. The highest content of thyroid-stimulating hormone found in girls 8-17 years treated by valproic acid, antibodies to thyroglobulin - treatment without AED, triiodothyronine - use of phenobarbital or benzobarbital, thyroxine - treatment on topiramate, PTH - in girls treated by valproic acid, cortisol in girls 8-13 years - on phenobarbital or benzobarbital, girls 14-17 years old - on oxcarbazepine. In 19 girls with epilepsy within 2-12 months after the first study hormone levels of TSH, a/b TG, T3, T4, C were re-determined. Indicators of hormones in different drug treatment changed according to the initial average content of hormones in all girls in 64.86 % of cases same way as in the first study. Conclusions. Significant difference of all hormones, in the content or width of distributions of their values, was found in girls with epilepsy taking different antiepileptic drugs. Choice of drug, dosage and its correction should be made taking into account its impact on children's hormonal status.

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18

Uspenskaya, Yulia B., Irina V. Kuznetsova, and Arkadiy A. Sheptulin. "An interdisciplinary approach to the problem of gallstone disease in women: a view of a gynecologist." Gynecology 22, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2020.2.200145.

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The article presents the modern view on pathogenetic mechanisms of the cholelithiasis development in women, illustrated by clinical observations. Gender-associated risk factors for cholelithiasis are pregnancy and childbirth, female sex hormones administration and polycystic ovary syndrome. The gallstone disease risk factors in women taking hormonal oral contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy are hereditary predisposition, impaired lipid, carbohydrate metabolism and functional gallbladder disorders. Patients at high risk of developing cholelithiasis are recommended to perform a gallbladder ultrasound examination before and during hormonal therapy. The ursodeoxycholic acid treatment is safe, effective and compatible with female sex hormone administration in patients with detected biliary sludge.

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19

Cheng, Yu-Jung, Chieh-Hsin Lin, and Hsien-Yuan Lane. "From Menopause to Neurodegeneration—Molecular Basis and Potential Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168654.

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The impacts of menopause on neurodegenerative diseases, especially the changes in steroid hormones, have been well described in cell models, animal models, and humans. However, the therapeutic effects of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal women with neurodegenerative diseases remain controversial. The steroid hormones, steroid hormone receptors, and downstream signal pathways in the brain change with aging and contribute to disease progression. Estrogen and progesterone are two steroid hormones which decline in circulation and the brain during menopause. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which plays an import role in neuroprotection, is rapidly decreased in serum after menopause. Here, we summarize the actions of estrogen, progesterone, and IGF-1 and their signaling pathways in the brain. Since the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is higher in women than in men, the associations of steroid hormone changes and AD are emphasized. The signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms for how steroid hormones and IGF-1 provide neuroprotection are also addressed. Finally, the molecular mechanisms of potential estrogen modulation on N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) are also addressed. We provide the viewpoint of why hormone therapy has inconclusive results based on signaling pathways considering their complex response to aging and hormone treatments. Nonetheless, while diagnosable AD may not be treatable by hormone therapy, its preceding stage of mild cognitive impairment may very well be treatable by hormone therapy.

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20

Tsikoudas, A., X. Kochillas, and G. Vernham. "Reinke's oedema, hormones and hormone replacement therapy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 10 (May 23, 2006): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106001630.

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Objective: To study the implications of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) treatment in the pathogenesis of Reinke's oedema (via a possible pseudo-hypothyroidism effect), and also to study why the disease affects a predominantly post-menopausal female population.Design: Prospective case series study.Setting: Two teaching hospitals and two district general hospitals in Scotland, UK.Subjects: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with Reinke's oedema who presented in the out-patient department before or after treatment.Results: Thyroid function tests were normal in all but two cases. Only three patients were receiving HRT treatment.Conclusions: The study produced no evidence to support a relationship between HRT treatment and the pathogenesis of Reinke's oedema; this supports previous studies which concluded that thyroid function was not related to the development of Reinke's oedema. Some new ideas regarding hormonal factors in Reinke's oedema are discussed.

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21

Olawale, Olaniyan Stephen, Emokpae Mathias Abiodun, Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire, Olaniyan Olaniyan, Edusola Juliana, Osamuyi Henry Uwumarongie, Christian Onosetale Ugege, Esezobor Iria Kelly, and Efenarhua Samson. "Impact of Soybean Phytoestrogen-Rich Extract on Hormonal Imbalance and Ovarian Function in Menopausal Rat Induced with 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide: A Neglected Naturaceutical." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 12, no. 04 (April 10, 2024): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2024.v12i04.013.

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Backgroud: Decrease levels of estrogen and progesterone, a vital hormone in female reproductive health as led to vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes, sweating, physical and psychological discomfort, and emotional changes experienced by a large portion of the menopausal and postmenopausal female population. The study aim to investigate the impact of Soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract on hormonal imbalance and ovarian function on 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide-induced menopause in albino rats. Methods: Thirty (30) female albino Wistar rats were employed in the investigation, and each one was induced with 80mg/kg of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide before being treated with either normal estradiol therapy (14ug/kg) or varying concentrations of the soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg). Reproductive hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), anti mullerian hormone (AMH), progesterone and testosterone) were measured by ELISA methods. Statistical software SPSS (IBM) version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Serum E2 and progesterone levels were observed to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract treatment group compared to the positive control group. There was non-significant difference (p>0.05) observed in use of standard estrogen therapy compared to phytoestrogen isoflavones but increased serum mean levels of estrogen, progesterone and anti-mullerian hormone was observed. Conclusion: Data from this research clearly demonstrate the hormone regulating effect of soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract therapy in menopause-induced female Wistar rats. Soybean phytoestrogen-rich extract therapy in a high-dose appears to be more effective in management of hormonal imbalance and ovarian function compared to hormone replacement therapy as an alternate source of estrogen.

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22

Karkanaki, Artemis, Dimitrios Vavilis, Alexandros Traianos, Ioannis Kalogiannidis, and Dimitrios Panidis. "Hormone therapy and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in postmenopausal women." HORMONES 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2010): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1262.

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23

Schulkin, Jay. "Hormone Therapy, Dilemmas, Medical Decisions." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, no. 1 (2008): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00239.x.

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The question of why women, in consultation with their physicians, should choose hormone therapy (HT) in response to menopause represents a renewed controversy at the beginning of the new century. Conflicting messages regarding the health risks and benefits of HT have been conveyed in the mainstream media, especially information in the media regarding the results of large-scale studies of the health impact of hormone therapy. Women who have been on one or another of the hormone replacement regimes have been forced to reconsider continuing on HT. Doctors who suggest these hormones to their patients are somewhat confused, as are perimenopausal women who are considering HT. Pharmaceutical companies that produce these compounds are worried, and public health officials are on the defensive.Media coverage of HT research has been extensive. In particular, two large-scale studies, one here in the U.S. (the Women's Health Initiative, or WHI) and the other in Great Britain, have recently cast a negative light on the use of hormone therapy, after years of routine prescription of HT for menopausal women.

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24

Filipsson, Helena, and Gudmundur Johannsson. "GH replacement in adults: interactions with other pituitary hormone deficiencies and replacement therapies." European Journal of Endocrinology 161, suppl_1 (November 2009): S85—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0319.

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Severe GH deficiency (GHD) in adults has been described as a clinical entity. However, some of the features associated with GHD could be due to unphysiological and inadequate replacement of other pituitary hormone deficiencies. This may be true for glucocorticoid replacement that lacks a biomarker making dose titration and monitoring difficult. Moreover, oral estrogen replacement therapy decreases IGF1 levels compared with the transdermal route, which attenuates the responsiveness to GH replacement therapy in women. In addition, in untreated female hypogonadism, oral estrogen may augment the features associated with GHD in adult women. Important interactions between the hormones used for replacing pituitary hormone deficiency occur. Introducing GH replacement may unmask both an incipient adrenal insufficiency and central hypothyroidism. Therefore, awareness and proper monitoring of these hormonal interactions are important in order to reach an optimal replacement therapy. This review will focus on the complex hormonal interactions between GH and other pituitary hormones in GHD and in GH replacement.

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25

Butenandt, O., and B. Staudt. "Comparison of growth hormone releasing hormone therapy and growth hormone therapy in growth hormone deficiency." European Journal of Pediatrics 148, no. 5 (February 1989): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00595894.

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26

Lazovic, D., and G. Peters. "Orthopaedic Consequences of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Adults." HIP International 7, no. 2 (January 1997): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112070009700700204.

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Slipping of the femoral head usually occurs at the beginning of puberty. With sexual hormone deficiency the growth plates remain open with the danger of a Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) beyond the normal age of growth. In several endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or growth hormone deficiency, and especially during supplemental therapy with hormones, SCFE can occur. SCFE can occur even if the hormonal replacement therapy has stopped. Since 1984 we have seen and treated 7 adult patients (6 male, 1 female) with SCFE. They were between 17 and 36 years old. Due to the lack of sexual hormones three patients had severe osteoporosis which caused difficulties in surgical treatment. From the orthopaedic point of view regular clinical and radiological check-ups are necessary in patients with open physes beyond the normal growth age - especially in patients with endocrine dysfunction and hormonal supplement therapy. These reviews have to be continued until the growth plates are closed be-cause SCFE occur even after hormonal replacement has been stopped for years. Prophylactic screwing of the opposite hip is also recommended in high risk patients.

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27

MAFFEI, Silvia, Silvia DEL RY, Concetta PRONTERA, and Aldo CLERICO. "Increase in circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women." Clinical Science 101, no. 5 (September 21, 2001): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1010447.

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The mechanisms that mediate the cardioprotective action of steroid hormones in postmenopausal women are poorly understood. To study the inter-relationship between female steroid hormones and cardiac natriuretic peptides, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured in postmenopausal women, both before and after oestrogen replacement therapy. A total of 22 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 51.9±4.6 years) were enrolled in the study; all had been postmenopausal for at least 1 year and all reported climacteric symptoms accompanied by increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (>30m-i.u./ml) and luteinizing hormone (>20m-i.u./ml), and a reduction in oestradiol (<25pg/ml). All women were given hormone replacement therapy with transdermal oestradiol, either patch (50μg/24 h) or gel (1mg/day), cyclically combined with oral dihydrogesterone (10mg/day for 12 days/month, on days 19-30 of the month). ANP and BNP were measured directly in plasma samples with specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assays before and after hormone replacement therapy (transdermal oestradiol combined with oral dihydrogesterone). Body weight, arterial blood pressure and echocardiographic examination values did not change after hormone replacement therapy. As expected, serum oestradiol increased significantly and gonadotropins decreased as an effect of the hormone replacement therapy. On average, both ANP and BNP had increased significantly after 3 months of hormone replacement therapy [ANP: before treatment, 17.6±9.6pg/ml; after, 23.6±5.6pg/ml (P = 0.0173); BNP: before treatment, 12.6±10.2pg/ml; after, 19.8±14.0pg/ml (P<0.0001)]. Our study indicates that hormone replacement therapy for a period of 3 months induces a rise in the circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic hormones in postmenopausal women. Our data also suggest the working hypothesis that cardiac natriuretic peptides may play an important role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of female steroid sex hormones in women throughout life.

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28

Simoni, Manuela, and Eberhard Nieschlag. "FSH in therapy: physiological basis, new preparations and clinical use." Reproductive Medicine Review 4, no. 3 (October 1995): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900000557.

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that, together with luteinizing hormone (LH), controls development, maturation and function of the gonad. Like the related hormones, LH, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), FSH consists of two polypeptide chains, α and β, bearing carbohydrate moietiesN-linked to asparagine (Asn) residues. The α subunit is common to all members of the glycoprotein hormone family, whereas the β subunit, although structurally very similar, differs in each hormone and confers specificity of action.

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Simoni, Manuela, and Eberhard Nieschlag. "FSH in therapy: physiological basis, new preparations and clinical use." Reproductive Medicine Review 4, no. 3 (October 1995): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900001150.

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that, together with luteinizing hormone (LH), controls development, maturation and function of the gonad. Like the related hormones, LH, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), FSH consists of two polypeptide chains, α and β, bearing carbohydrate moietiesN-linked to asparagine (Asn) residues. The α subunit is common to all members of the glycoprotein hormone family, whereas the β subunit, although structurally very similar, differs in each hormone and confers specificity of action.

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30

Oxfeldt, Mikkel, Line Barner Dalgaard, Jean Farup, and Mette Hansen. "Sex Hormones and Satellite Cell Regulation in Women." Translational Sports Medicine 2022 (April 14, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9065923.

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Recent years have seen growing scholarly interest in female physiology in general. Moreover, particular attention has been devoted to how concentrations of female sex hormones vary during the menstrual cycle and menopausal transition and how hormonal contraception and hormonal therapy influence skeletal muscle tissue. While much effort has been paid to macro outcomes, such as muscle function or mass, rather less attention has been paid to mechanistic work that may help explain the underlying mechanism through which sex hormones regulate skeletal muscle tissue. Evidence from animal studies shows a strong relationship between the female sex hormone estrogen and satellite cells (SCs), a population of muscle stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regulation. A few human studies investigating this relationship have been published only recently. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bring an updated review on female sex hormones and their role in SC regulation. First, we describe how SCs regulate skeletal muscle maintenance and repair and introduce sex hormone signaling within the muscle. Second, we present evidence from animal studies elucidating how estrogen deficiency and supplementation influence SCs. Third, we present results from investigations from human trials including women whose concentrations of female hormones differ due to menopause, hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, and the menstrual cycle. Finally, we discuss research and methodological recommendations for future studies aiming at elucidating the link between female sex hormones and SCs with respect to aging and training.

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31

Perkins, Meghan S., Renate Louw-du Toit, and Donita Africander. "Hormone therapy and breast cancer: emerging steroid receptor mechanisms." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 61, no. 4 (November 2018): R133—R160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-18-0094.

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Although hormone therapy is widely used by millions of women to relieve symptoms of menopause, it has been associated with several side effects such as coronary heart disease, stroke and increased invasive breast cancer risk. These side effects have caused many women to seek alternatives to conventional hormone therapy, including the controversial custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy suggested to not increase breast cancer risk. Historically, estrogens and the estrogen receptor were considered the principal factors promoting breast cancer development and progression; however, a role for other members of the steroid receptor family in breast cancer pathogenesis is now evident, with emerging studies revealing an interplay between some steroid receptors. In this review, we discuss examples of hormone therapy used for the relief of menopausal symptoms, highlighting the distinction between conventional hormone therapy and custom-compounded bioidentical hormone therapy. Moreover, we highlight the fact that not all hormones have been evaluated for an association with increased breast cancer risk. We also summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of steroid receptors in mediating the carcinogenic effects of hormones used in menopausal hormone therapy, with special emphasis on the influence of the interplay or crosstalk between steroid receptors. Unraveling the intertwined nature of steroid hormone receptor signaling pathways in breast cancer biology is of utmost importance, considering that breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Moreover, understanding these mechanisms may reveal novel prevention or treatment options and lead to the development of new hormone therapies that do not cause increased breast cancer risk.

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Woyka, Jane. "Consensus statement for non-hormonal-based treatments for menopausal symptoms." Post Reproductive Health 23, no. 2 (June 2017): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053369117711646.

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Since the June 2014 consensus statement published in Post Reproductive Health we have had definitive guidelines on menopause treatment from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in November 2015. These included robust and evidence based information about many non-estrogen based treatments, which are particularly useful for patients who do not wish to take hormone replacement therapy, or who have medical contraindications to hormonal therapy such as hormone dependent cancers. Whilst none of these therapies is as effective as hormones, we must be able to advise patients about them and recommend which treatments may be helpful for individual women.

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Moustakli, Efthalia, and Orestis Tsonis. "Exploring Hormone Therapy Effects on Reproduction and Health in Transgender Individuals." Medicina 59, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122094.

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Transgender individuals often face elevated mental health challenges due to gender dysphoria, but gender-affirming treatments such as surgery and hormone therapy have been linked to significant improvements in mental well-being. The potential influence of time and circadian rhythms on these treatments is prevalent. The intricate interplay between hormones, clock genes, and fertility is profound, acknowledging the complexity of reproductive health in transgender individuals. Furthermore, risks associated with gender-affirming hormonal therapy and potential complications of puberty suppression emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for these patients and the need of fertility preservation and family-building options for transgender individuals. This narrative review delves into the intricate landscape of hormone therapy for transgender individuals, shedding light on its impact on bone, cardiovascular, and overall health. It explores how hormone therapy affects bone maintenance and cardiovascular risk factors, outlining the complex interplay of testosterone and estrogen. It also underscores the necessity for further research, especially regarding the long-term effects of transgender hormones. This project emphasizes the critical role of healthcare providers, particularly obstetricians and gynecologists, in providing affirming care, calling for comprehensive understanding and integration of transgender treatments. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of hormone therapy on reproductive health and overall well-being in transgender individuals. It will provide valuable insights for healthcare providers, policymakers, and transgender individuals themselves, informing decision-making regarding hormone therapy and fertility preservation options. Additionally, by identifying research gaps, this review will guide future studies to address the evolving healthcare needs of transgender individuals. This project represents a critical step toward addressing the complex healthcare needs of this population. By synthesizing existing knowledge and highlighting areas for further investigation, this review aims to improve the quality of care and support provided to transgender individuals, ultimately enhancing their reproductive health and overall well-being.

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Yavuz, Sahzene, Silvia Salgado Nunez del Prado, and Francesco S. Celi. "Thyroid Hormone Action and Energy Expenditure." Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, no. 7 (May 16, 2019): 1345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2018-00423.

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Abstract Energy metabolism is one of the most recognized targets of thyroid hormone action, which indeed plays a critical role in modulating energy expenditure in all of its components. This is because thyroid hormone receptors are ubiquitous, and thyroid hormones interact and influence most metabolic pathways in virtually all systems throughout the entire life of the organism. The pleiotropic actions of thyroid hormone are the results of interaction between the local availability of T3 and the signal transduction machinery, which confer in physiologic conditions time and tissue specificity of the hormonal signal despite negligible variations in circulating levels. Historically, the measurement of energy expenditure has been used as the gold standard for the clinical assessment of the hormonal action until the advent of the immunoassays for TSH and thyroid hormone, which have since been used as proxy for measurement of thyroid hormone action. Although the clinical correlates between thyroid hormone action and energy expenditure in cases of extreme dysfunction (florid hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism) are well recognized, there is still controversy on the effects of moderate, subclinical thyroid dysfunction on energy expenditure and, ultimately, on body weight trajectory. Moreover, little information is available on the effects of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on energy expenditure. This mini review is aimed to define the clinical relevance of thyroid hormone action in normal physiology and functional disorders, as well the effects of thyroid hormone therapy on energy expenditure and the effects of changes in energy status on the thyroid hormone axis.

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Никитин, V. Nikitin, Васильева, L. Vasileva, Титова, and L. Titova. "Complex Gender-Hormone Producing Therapy in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 2 (August 13, 2014): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5004.

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The paper presents the results of study of the clinical and functional characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease III degree. The peculiarities of hormonal status by determining the hormones as cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA-S are revealed. At the correlation determining of hormone levels with clinical signs it was established significantly lower levels of cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA-S at severe and very severe dyspnea in patients with COPD III degree. The use of low-intensity laser radiation in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease improves clinical features and laboratory data on improved hormonal status, including significant increase in cortisol, aldosterone, DHEA-S, and reduces the duration of acute illness and financial expenses in the inpatient treatment of patients, improves the quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Correlation analysis showed the presence of multiple linear relationships between hormone levels and clinical signs. Correlation between levels of cortisol, aldosterone, and DEHA-S with the main clinical laboratory and functional indicators of COPD was defined. It was found that reducing the concentration of hormones is accompanied by varying degrees of severity of the deterioration of clinical, laboratory and functional parameters that determine the severity of the disease. The proposed method of hormone therapy is effective, safe, well tolerated and doesn’t cause side effects. The data on the effectiveness of complex treatment can be used in treatment, clinical examination of the design of programs, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with COPD.

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Files, Julia A., Marcia G. Ko, and Sandhya Pruthi. "Bioidentical Hormone Therapy." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86, no. 7 (July 2011): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0714.

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Lochner, Heather V., and Thomas A. Einhorn. "Hormone Replacement Therapy." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 12, no. 5 (September 2004): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200409000-00001.

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Heinrich, Juan. "Grow hormone therapy." Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 110, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2012.eng.462.

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Hillard, Amanda. "Hormone replacement therapy." Nursing Standard 10, no. 22 (February 21, 1996): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.10.22.51.s51.

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Ottaway, Elizabeth. "Hormone replacement therapy." Nursing Standard 4, no. 47 (August 15, 1990): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.47.28.s30.

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&NA;. "Hormone replacement therapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 369 (September 1991): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103690-00040.

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&NA;. "Hormone replacement therapy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 379 (November 1991): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103790-00032.

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Steel, Knight. "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy." Annals of Internal Medicine 119, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00029.

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Thacker, Holly L. "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy." Annals of Internal Medicine 119, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00030.

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Grady, Donna. "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy." Annals of Internal Medicine 119, no. 4 (August 15, 1993): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-4-199308150-00031.

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Montgomery Rice, Valerie. "Hormone Replacement Therapy." Drugs & Aging 19, no. 11 (2002): 807–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200219110-00001.

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van der Mooren, Marius Jan, and Peter Kenemans. "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy." Drugs 64, no. 8 (2004): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200464080-00003.

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AHMAD,, COL NAYYAR, COL MOHAMMAD TARIQ NADEEM,, and MAJ ZAMEER AHMAD NAYYAR,. "GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 02 (November 6, 2018): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.02.627.

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Objective: To detect growth hormone deficiency in short stature children and to observe the response of growth hormonereplacement therapy in isolated GH deficient. Design: An interventional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study wascarried out in the Department of Pediatrics at Military Hospital Rawalpindi in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of PathologyRawalpindi over a period of two years from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008. Patients and Methods: Thirty short children between three to fourteenyears of age having isolated growth hormone deficiency confirmed by laboratory investigation were included in the study prospectivelyand retrospectively. Growth hormone replacement therapy with recombinant GH was given to all children at the dose of 0.14iu/kg, sixdays a week subcutaneously. Each patient was assessed and evaluated after every three months. Results: The mean chronologic agewas 8.05 +/- 2.74 years with a height age of 4.02 years. The male to female ratio was 1.72:1. They were treated with recombinant GH in adose of 0.14iu/kg, six days a week, subcutaneously at evening. Response to GH was excellent and the mean growth speed had gone upfrom 2.53 +/- 0.87 cm per year before the treatment to 8.94 +/- 3.18 cm / year in the first twelve months of treatment and 6.8 +/- 1.6cm / year during the second year of treatment. During the first twenty four months of treatment, height standard deviation score increasedby 1.0 +/- 0.4 SD (p < 0.0001) The height velocity increased, the bone age / chronological age ratio and height SDS for chronologicalage decreased, while height SDS for bone age increased. There were no adverse reactions. Conclusion: Short stature with classic growthhormone deficiency is not uncommon. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with growth hormone replacement has a very goodoutcome and the child attains a reasonable height.

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Whittington, Ruth, and Diana Faulds. "Hormone Replacement Therapy." PharmacoEconomics 5, no. 5 (May 1994): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199405050-00008.

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Whittington, Ruth, and Diana Faulds. "Hormone Replacement Therapy." PharmacoEconomics 5, no. 6 (June 1994): 513–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199405060-00007.

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