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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hormone replacement therapy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 February 2023

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1

Habiba, Marwan A. "Endometrial responses to hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30471.

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2

Ödmark, Inga-Stina. "Hormone replacement therapy : benefits and adverse effects /." Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-243.

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3

Ödmark, Inga-Stina. "Hormone replacement therapy : benefits and adverse effects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-243.

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Background: Numerous studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is an effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms, insomnia and vaginal dryness. Beneficial effects have also been shown on lipid patterns and on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. As ERT increases the risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma, combinations with various progestogens have been developed in order to protect the endometrium. However, the addition of progestogens tends to reduce the beneficial effects of estrogens on mood, cognition and lipid metabolism. The added progestogen often causes side effects such as irritability and depression. There is evidence that the effect on wellbeing varies between women and with the type of progestogen used. Women who prefer to avoid withdrawal bleedings can be given continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Unfortunately, irregular bleedings are common at the beginning of treatment and reduces compliance. Recently, several studies have reported an increased risk of breast cancer and venous thrombosis, and therefore long-term treatment with HRT for women without climacteric symptoms is no longer recommended. The ongoing debate has, for the time being, resulted in a recommendation that improving quality of life (QoL) by treatment of climacteric symptoms should be the only indication for prescribing HRT. Aims and methods: The aims of the study were to investigate bleeding patterns, changes in wellbeing at onset and during long-term treatment, and lipid and lipoprotein profiles with two different types of continuous combined HRT. In addition, women starting, and women switching from mainly sequential HRT were compared. The design was a randomised, double-blind, one year, prospective, multicentre study including 249 healthy postmenopausal women who were given continuous daily oral treatment with either combined 0.625mg conjugated estrogen (CE) and 5mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or combined 2mg 17β - estradiol (E2) and 1mg norethisterone acetate (NETA). Bleedings, if any, were recorded daily throughout the study. The main outcome measures (changes in wellbeing and climacteric symptoms) consisted of daily ratings of 12 items on a validated symptom scale. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after one year of treatment. Results and conclusions: The majority of drop-outs were confined to the first three months, and the main reasons were bleedings and/or decreased wellbeing. Drop-outs were three times more common in the E2/NETA group. During the first month, 67% of the women reported irregular bleedings. The number of bleeding days decreased on both treatments during the first four months. Treatment with CE/MPA resulted in less irregular bleedings and a shorter time to amenorrhoea compared to E2/NETA. As expected, "starters" experienced more sweats than "switchers" at the onset of treatment, but both groups improved significantly. Side effects such as breast tenderness, swelling, depression and irritability appeared during the first treatment week in both groups. The side effects of HRT appeared much more quickly than the benefits and were more frequent in women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Breast tenderness was more common in the E2/NETA group throughout the whole study period. Apart from that, there were no differences between the two treatment regimens as regards effects on well-being at the end of the study. Lipoprotein(a) levels, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, decreased in both treatment groups. Triglyceride levels increased in women treated with CE/MPA, and levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein fell in the E2/NETA group. In conclusion, treatment with E2/NETA caused more bleeding problems than treatment with CE/MPA. CE/MPA was better tolerated than E2/NETA at the beginning of the study, but among the women remaining in the study there was no difference in QoL between the two treatment groups. HRT counselling should take into account that a history of PMS increases the likelihood of side effects and that these may precede any beneficial effects. Both treatments produced beneficial effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels, and neither of the regimens was superior in this respect.
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4

Björn, Inger. "Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94115.

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Background: During the past 5 decades, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used, and appreciated for its beneficial effects, by millions of women in their menopause. As treatment for climacteric symptoms, estrogen is outstanding, and effects on hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and insomnia have been widely documented. The increased risks of venous thrombosis and breast cancer, however, restrict the use of estrogen. Estrogen treatment in women with a remaining uterus includes a progestin, added to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia and malignancies. The long-standing clinical impression, that progestin addition negatively influences mood, has been discussed in previous studies. Mood deterioration is, however, not mortal, although mood is important to the wellbeing and daily functioning of women treated with hormones. Studies of the mental side effects of HRT add to our understanding of steroid effects in the brain. Aims and methods: In our studies, we aimed to establish to what extent negative side effects cause women to discontinue HRT, and find out which drug compounds lead to mood deterioration. The questions asked were whether the type and dose of progestin and the estrogen dose during the progestin addition influence the mood and physical symptoms during sequential HRT. Compliance with HRT and reasons for discontinuing the therapy were evaluated in a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study. Treatment effects were studied in three randomized, double-blind, cross-over trials. During continuous estrogen treatment, effects of sequential addition of a progestin were studied by comparing two different progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) andnorethisterone acetate (NETA), comparing different doses of the same progestin, MPA, and comparing two doses of estrogen during addition of the same dose of MPA. The main outcome measure was the daily rating on mood and physical symptoms kept by the participants throughout the studies. The clinical trials were carried out at three gynecological centers in northern Sweden. Results and conclusions: Besides fear of cancer and a wish to determine whether climacteric symptoms had meanwhile disappeared, negative side effects was the most common reason or discontinuing HRT. Tension in the breasts, weight gain, a depressed mood, abdominal bloating, and irritability were the most important side effects seen both in women who continued HRT and in women who had discontinued the therapy. In our clinical trials, we showed that addition of a progestin to estrogen treatment induces cyclic mood swings characterized by tension, irritability, and depression, as well as increased breast tension, bloatedness, and hot flushes. Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) appeared to be more sensitive to the progestin addition and responded with lower mood scores compared with women without previous PMS. In our studies, MPA provoked depressed mood to a lesser extent than did NETA. Surprisingly, the higher dose of MPA (20 mg) enhanced the mood, compared with 10 mg, when added to estrogen treatment. In women continuously treated with 3 mg estradiol, mood and physical symptoms worsened during the progestin addition, as compared with treatment with 2 mg estradiol. The negative side effects seen during sequential HRT have much in common with symptoms seen in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder with psychiatric expression. Explanations for treatment effects on mood are likely to be found in drug interactions with neurotransmitter systems of the brain.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2003


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5

Homer, Natalie. "Erythocyte oxidative stress : focus on hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273852.

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6

Daly, Edel. "Balancing the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393609.

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7

Griffiths, Frances Ellen. "Hormone replacement therapy : perspectives from women, medicine and sociology." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5084/.

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Developed on the boundary between medicine and sociology, this thesis develops a critique of the perspectives of these disciplines through analysis of a study of women's perspectives on hormone replacement therapy. Women's perspectives are explored through a postal questionnaire survey and a study using individual interviews and focus groups. The survey results provide a measure of women’s attitudes towards, and knowledge of, hormone replacement therapy. The individual interviews detail the way women move towards a decision about the therapy and identifies common themes, particularly women's fears and what influences their fears. The focus groups explore contrasting themes including women's control and choice in decisions about therapy, contrary themes in women’s attitudes and the different ways of thinking used by the women. The results of the studies are assessed for their implications for clinical general practice. The thesis also takes a sociological perspective on women and HRT and on the research process, in particular exploring two themes. Firstly, the interaction between the social context, the research subject and the research process. This includes the social factors influencing the development of the research and choice of research methods, and the influence of the research methods on the results obtained. The second theme is the perspectives and levels of analysis used by the main disciplines contributing to the thesis; biomedicine, biostatistics, general practice and sociology. The thesis explores how the different perspectives and levels of analysis influence research and how they are used to manage the social context. These explorations are used to suggest future directions for research on hormone replacement therapy and for general practice.
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8

Armstrong, Alison L. "Hormone replacement therapy - effects on strength, balance and bone density." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284686.

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9

Towne, Cheryl Luann Rush. "Older women's beliefs about hormone replacement therapy : a qualitative study /." View online, 2000. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211130976791.pdf.

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10

Riman, Tomas. "An epidemiologic study of epithelial ovarian malignancies : with a focus on hormone-related factors /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-362-7/.

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11

Fischer, Mary A. "Women’s Experiences of Discontinuing Hormone Therapy: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/23.

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Although many women find relief from menopause through hormone therapy (HT), current guidelines recommend that HT be used only for short-term relief of symptoms. Women who attempt to stop HT often encounter troublesome recurrent symptoms leading to a diminished quality of life (QoL); 25% of women who discontinue eventually resume HT. Unfortunately, there is little information for women and their health care providers as to the best way to discontinue HT or how to prepare and guide women through this process. An in-depth description of women‘s experiences during HT discontinuation and the factors influencing recurrent symptoms, QoL and discontinuation outcome would provide knowledge to develop much needed counseling and support interventions. The purpose of this study was to explore women‘s experiences discontinuing hormone therapy for menopause. This Internet-based mixed-methods study used a dominant Qualitative Descriptive design with embedded quantitative QoL measurements. Participants completed the quantitative questionnaires online while open-ended questions were completed either online or by telephone. Interview data were analyzed through Qualitative Content Analysis; descriptive statistics were used to explore the quantitative measures. Participants were stratified by discontinuation status for comparison of variations in discontinuation experiences, QoL and influencing factors. Thirty-four women (20 stopped, 9 resumed, 4 tapering) were enrolled. One overarching theme--'a solitary journey'--emerged: although all women embarked on this journey, each woman traveled her own path. Two subthemes--'burden and interference' and 'appraising risk'--encompassed the symptom factors (severity, interference and sensitivity) that influenced women's experiences and the manner in which women evaluated their options. Other influencing factors included: readiness viii and reasons for stopping HT, beliefs about menopause and roles. QoL was strongly connected to symptoms for many but not all women. Information from health care providers was inconsistent; women desired more support from providers and other women. The rich description of women's experiences stopping HT highlights the need for providers to assess women's sensitivity to symptoms and readiness to discontinue to determine which women might benefit from more support. Greater health literacy would enhance women's understanding of HT risks. More research is needed on symptom clusters and interference and strategies for minimizing their impact.
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12

Gooding, Kim Mary. "Sex hormones and the microcirculation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248164.

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13

Wood, Elizabeth. "Women's decisions and decisional conflict regarding long term hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9800.

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Long term preventive hormone replacement therapy (LTP-HRT) is attracting considerable attention for its potential in reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease and osteoporosis associated fractures in post-menopausal women. The study objectives were: (1) to describe women's decisions and decisional conflict regarding LTP-HRT after being presented with the evidence of benefits and risks and clarifying values; (2) to describe the difference between those who accept or decline LTP-HRT in terms of: (a) expectations of LTP-HRT benefits and risks, and (b) the importance women attach to the benefits and the risks; and (3) to describe the factors women identify as contributing to their decision to take or not take LTP-HRT or being unsure about taking LTP-HRT. The typical woman who participated in the study was 57 years of age; had some post secondary education; and was currently using HRT. Over half the women had at least one CHD risk factor and had a hysterectomy. Less than 15% of the respondents reported having osteoporosis or a first degree relative with breast cancer. Women's decisions to take LTP-HRT were distributed as follows: 56% yes; 26% no; and 18% unsure. Women who accepted or declined LTP-HRT did not have statistically significant differences in expectations of risk of CHD, osteoporosis, and breast cancer with and without hormone therapy. In contrast, women's importance ratings of LTP-HRT benefits and side effects did differ significantly between those accepting and declining LTP-HRT. The reasons most often identified by women who chose LTP-HRT were prevention of CHD and osteoporosis (61%) and relief of hot flashes (54%). Those who chose not to take LTP-HRT gave reasons such as dislike of taking pills (47%), and risk of cancer (11%). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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14

Elinson, Lynn. "Implementation of practice guidelines, a case study of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27640.pdf.

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15

Cheffins, Tracy. "Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer in a mammographic screening program /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpmc515.pdf.

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16

Isaksson, Friman Erika. "Hormonal treatments and the breast : effects on sex steroid receptor expression and proliferation /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-182-9/.

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17

Pace, Diane Todd. "Effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement on heart rate variability." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 1998. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/1998-003-pace-index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 1998.
Title from title page screen (viewed on October 17 2008). Research advisor: Kay F. Engelhardt. Document formatted into pages (xi, 162 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p.162).
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18

Jackson, Simon. "Oestrogen supplementation in postmenopausal urinary stress incontinence : effect secondary to altered collagen pathophysiology?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390374.

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19

Howe, Kathleen S. "Exercise therapy as treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in women not currently taking hormone replacement therapy." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004600.

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20

Lundström, Eva. "Mammographic breast density and postmenopausal hormone therapy /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-581-X/.

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21

Alam, Farhana, Peter D. Semonche, and Dana Reed-Kane. "Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Intern Intervention and Consultation in Hormone Replacement Therapy." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614016.

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Class of 2016 Abstract
Objectives: Specific Aim #1: Assess no difference in patient satisfaction. Our working hypothesis is that there is no difference in satisfaction with follow-up calls in women receiving HRT from pharmacists or pharmacy intern students at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. Specific Aim #2: Assess patient satisfaction with follow-up calls from pharmacy student interns. Our working hypothesis is that women receiving HRT are satisfied with follow-up calls for their therapy when it is conducted by pharmacy student interns, which enhances proper treatment guidance and adherence. Methods: This study will be a descriptive, direct comparison study that will use data obtained through an online questionnaire consisting of the following: four questions determining the patient’s demographics and eighteen questions on patient satisfaction with follow-up calls from Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy with pharmacy student interns. Results: Of the estimated 60 patients sample size, only 31 questionnaires were completed. The largest proportion of patients was between the ages of 51 and 60 (58%). The length of therapy in participating women varied quite significantly with one-fourth of patients on HRT for 4-5 years or more (26%). The patient satisfaction of follow-up calls conducted by pharmacy intern students survey results indicated, in general, that patients agreed that they were satisfied with the service that they were receiving from the pharmacy interns. There was no disagreement with the items, the intern provides education that will help me understand how to take my medications, being pleased that the intern is following-up, having input on hormone therapy, and with the items regarding intern professionalism and intern knowledge. The greatest disagreement was with three items asking about comfort talking with either a female or male intern, and the item about paying extra to ensure follow-up calls. Results from this study were compared with results from five questions adapted using a questionnaire from DiMaggio et al. Note that this study used 7 response fields: strongly disagreed, somewhat disagreed, disagreed, no opinion, agreed, somewhat agreed, strongly agreed. Data from DiMaggio et al used 5 response fields: strongly disagreed, disagreed, no opinion, agreed, strongly agreed. Responses were grouped by strongly disagreed, somewhat disagreed, disagreed, and no opinion in one and strongly agreed, somewhat agreed, and agreed in the second. The data from both studies were compared by considering proportion of patients who agreed at some level with each item. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (p > 0.08); both groups showed a high level of agreement on the five satisfaction items. Conclusions: The women receiving hormone replacement therapy in this study were satisfied with follow-up calls from pharmacy student interns at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. There is no difference in satisfaction with follow-up calls in women receiving HRT from pharmacists or pharmacy student interns. In addition to satisfaction, women are satisfied with follow-up calls for their therapy when it is conducted by pharmacy student interns, which enhances proper treatment guidance and adherence.
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22

Wihlbäck, Anna-Carin. "Ovarian hormones and effects in the brain : studies of neurosteroid sensitivity, serotonin transporter and serotonin2A receptor binding in reproductive and postmenopausal women." Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-365.

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23

Rhoads, Misty Lynn. "Hormone replacement therapy : attitudes, knowledge, and usage by perimenopausal and postmenopausal women /." View online, 2005. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131275302.pdf.

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24

Kirsh, Victoria Amy. "Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/MQ45912.pdf.

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25

Hosain, Yasmin A. "Class inequalities in prescription drug use, the case of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62756.pdf.

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26

Yeung, Wing-kwan Rosa. "Adjunctive effect on hormone replacement therapy on periodontal treatment responses in postmenopausal women." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3765195X.

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27

Jacobs, Eric J. "Hormone replacement therapy and colon cancer among members of a health maintenance organization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10886.

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28

Bowler, Wayne Bowler. "Purinergic receptors in bone : expression and functional significance." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243259.

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29

O'Meara, Ellen Siobhan. "The influence of hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer on recurrence and death /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10925.

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30

Yeung, Wing-kwan Rosa, and 楊穎筠. "Adjunctive effect on hormone replacement therapy on periodontal treatment responses in postmenopausal women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3765195X.

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31

Hill, Deirdre A. "Hormone use patterns, intrauterine device use, and endometrial cancer /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10899.

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32

McKenzie, Joyce. "Effects of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433922.

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33

Talbi, Oussama. "Synthesis of Homo A-CD Estrogens for Potential Use in Hormone Replacement Therapy." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32082.

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been subject to much debate due to concerns that long term use of such treatment of menopause increases the risk of breast and uterine cancer. This is thought to be caused by estradiol (1) binding to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) resulting in increased cell proliferation. Another possible mechanism relates to toxicity of the estrodiol metabolites, which are thought to be genotoxic ortho-quinones. In a previous project, a series of A-CD estrogens (2) were synthesised as non-carcinogenic estradiol agonists where the cis CD ring junction was thought to be the cause of the desirable selectivity for ERβ. In this thesis, homo A-CDs were synthesised (3) with expansion of the D ring thought to increase the selecitivty for ERβ. Relative Binding Affinities (RBA) were determined with selectivity to ERα and ERβ. Most ligands showed decreased selectivity when compared to the original A-CD series. However, compounds carrying the CF3 moiety continued to show very high potency. In addition, novel synthetic routes were employed in the preparation of certain compounds.
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34

Diarsvitri, Wienta. "Association of high mammographic density with hormone replacement therapy and other risk factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63294.pdf.

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Duncan, Ann Carolyn. "Hormone replacement therapy and vascular protection : the influence of oestrogen on the endothelium." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482821.

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36

Hillard, Timothy Charles. "The prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis : effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295875.

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37

Greenblum, Catherine Margaret. "Women Who Continue Hormone Replacement Therapy Despite Findings from the Women's Health Initiative." UNF Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/340.

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Since the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study were published in 2002, millions of women and their healthcare practitioners have had to re-examine decisions about the use of hormone replacement therapy. This level one descriptive study explored the characteristics of menopausal women who could not tolerate estrogen withdrawal and continued taking hormone replacement therapy despite findings of risk published in the Women's Health Initiative. The sample included the medical records of 1,195 patients in a single-physician OB-GYN practice in northeast Florida. All records of women with a birth date in 1954 or prior and a visit to the practice for gynecological care between July 2002 and March 1, 2004 were reviewed to collect data about demographics, past medical history, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. A significant portion of women (77.2%) had discontinued HRT. Of the women remaining on HRT, 54.7% changed either the dose or type of hormones taken. Only 59.5% of these women remained on the same estrogen dose both before and after the WHI results were published in 2002. Interestingly, there were 29 women (4%) who initiated HR T use after July 2002. The women who remained on HR T after WHI were more likely to be younger, Caucasian (72. 7% ), non-smokers (82.3% ), and taking medication for other conditions (68.5%). The older the woman, the less likely she was to have continued HRT. Younger women were more likely to have changed HRT drug and/or dose post-WHI.
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38

Sue, Caron Anne. "HEALTH BENEFITS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN ON HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin976028221.

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39

Hu, Fei-Shu. "Update of Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist Intervention and Consultation in Hormone Replacement Therapy." The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624753.

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Class of 2005 Abstract
Objectives: To assess whether the satisfaction of women with the pharmacist administered bio-identical hormone replacement therapy consultation service has improved since the implementation of a follow up call program at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 200 randomly selected women who had completed their HRT consultation and received all three follow-up calls provided by Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy within the time frame from July 22, 2003 to April 22, 2004. The returned surveys were then organized and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Additionally, independent t-tests were used to compare data collected in 2001 vs. 2004 on relevant questionnaire items of interest. Main results: Of the 200 surveys sent out to patients, 125 replied (a response rate of 62.5%). Over 50% heard about it through referral from their provider, and almost 35.2% from a friend or a relative. Regarding the follow-up call service, 95.9% of the patients either agreed or strongly agreed that it was helpful; however, only 73.8% feel comfortable discussing their concerns with student interns, who are responsible for the follow-up calls. In the assessment of new health conditions developed after natural hormone therapy initiation, 94.3% of the respondents reported with no new health conditions. T-tests revealed an improvement in patient satisfaction items between 2001 and 2004 with p-values < 0.05. Principal Conclusions: The results of the study showed that there was an improvement in patient satisfaction with the consultation service since 2001, and most of the differences found were statistically significant. The survey result also showed that participants were happy about the follow-up calls, which in terms, perhaps contributed to the increase in satisfaction.
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40

Williamson, Tanika. "Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Modulates Peripheral and Central Auditory System Processing With Aging." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6604.

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After the findings were reported for the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study in the past decade, there has been a significant decline in the overall use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women. However, there are still millions of middle-aged, menopausal women in the U.S. who are currently undergoing hormone therapy. Their reasons for continuing treatment include relief of severe menopausal symptoms, aid in the management of osteoporosis and reduction in the risk of colon cancer (Ness et al., 2005). The purpose of the following investigation was to evaluate the impact of HRT on the central and peripheral auditory systems both during and after treatment. Over the course of the study, hormone treatments were administered to female aging CBA/CaJ mice to observe what effects estrogen (E) and progestin (P) have on the peripheral and central auditory systems. Female CBA/CaJ middle age mice were ovariectomized and placed into 4 HRT groups (E, P, E+P and Placebo [Pb]). Hormone treatment lasted 6 months followed by a recovery/washout period of 1 month. During this time, electrophysiology tests such as auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and ABR gap in noise (GIN) were used to measure neural activity for the auditory nerve and brainstem. Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) testing was also implemented to assess the functional status of the outer hair cells (OHC) and their ability to amplify sound in the cochlea. After 6 months of treatment, animals treated with E exhibited the least amount of changes in ABR thresholds and ABR GIN amplitudes than any other subject groups. Interestingly, P animals exhibited an abrupt increase in ABR thresholds only 3 months after treatment; however, for ABR GIN amplitude levels a progressive reduction observed throughout the study. E+P and Pb animals showed signs of accelerated age-related hearing loss (ARHL) with significantly elevated ABR thresholds and dwindling ABR GIN amplitude levels. No significant signs of recovery were observed for any of the hormone groups. Therefore, in the present murine investigation, the effects of HRT were long lasting. To further expand on the results obtained for the electrophysiology tests, molecular biology experiments were performed to evaluate the expression of IGF-1R and FoxO3 in the cochlea during hormone therapy, from both in vitro and in vivo perspectives. Both genes play significant roles in the PI3K/AKT pathway and were specifically chosen because of their role in anti-apoptotic responses and cell survival. It was hypothesized that E attenuates the effects of ARHL via the PI3K/AKT pathway by up-regulating IGF-1R and FoxO3 to counteract the effects of oxidative stress in the aging mammalian cochlea. qPCR experiments were performed with stria vascularis (SV) lateral wall cells extracted from the cochlea of each animal in the hormone groups post-treatment (in vivo) and in SVK-1 cells treated with HRT over various lengths of time (in vitro) to evaluate the expression levels of IGF-1R and FoxO3. In-vivo experiments showed that the E-treated animals had significantly higher IG-1R levels compared to the other subject groups after treatment was discontinued. Similarly, IGF-1R levels steadily increased for E-treated SVK-1 cells over the course of hormone therapy, compared to P and E+P cells. FoxO3 expression, on the other hand, declined for all of the hormone-treated cells groups, relative to control SVK-1 cells (in vitro), and no statistical differences were detected for FoxO3 levels among the post-treatment animals (in vivo). These findings indicate that there is cross talk between E and IGF-1R involving the PI3K/AKT pathway, which contributes to the delayed onset of ARHL observed during HRT with E. Meanwhile, FoxO3 may not play a role in neuro-protective properties in the cochlea during HRT, as initially hypothesized.
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41

Conner, Peter. "Hormone therapy and the breast : aspects on proliferation, apoptosis and mammographic density /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-918-8/.

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42

Behabadi, Shaghayegh. "Assessing the Effects of Bio-identical Hormone Replacement Therapy Using the Menopause Rating Scale." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624463.

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Class of 2006 Abstract
Objectives: To determine the effect of compounded bio-identical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT) on menopause-related quality of life through comparing the results of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) before beginning BHRT and seven weeks into BHRT. Methods: This study used a one group pre-test/post-test design, also known as pre-experimental. Twenty-one patients participating in a BHRT consultation with the pharmacist at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy completed an MRS at the time of consultation before beginning BHRT. Seven weeks into treatment with BHRT, patients were mailed a second MRS that they were asked to complete and return to the pharmacy. Results: The average age of the 21 study participants was 54.9±6.3 years. There was a statistically significant reduction in symptom severity for the total MRS and each of the three subscales after seven weeks of treatment with compounded BHRT (p<0.001). Additionally, there were statistically significant reductions in symptom severity related to hot flushes and sweating, sleep problems, depressive mood, irritability, and anxiety (p<0.001). Conclusions: Compounded BHRT is effective in improving menopause-related quality of life in women suffering from menopausal symptoms.
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43

Coles, Sr Gregory E. "The Psychological Impact of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Middle-Aged Men." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7220.

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Decreased testosterone levels (hypogonadism) in middle-aged men (aged 45-64) has been associated with increased levels of depression. Studies have suggested that increases in anxiety and/or attention problems may also be associated with hypogonadism but have not provided empirical evidence to support these suggestions. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine depression, anxiety, and attention problems in middle-aged men using a psychological self-report inventory. The theoretical model used in this study was the biomedical model, which combined pharmacological treatment with psychological self-report inventories to determine if there was an association or relationship between the testosterone levels in men and the psychological distress experienced by men who have become hypogonadal. A total of 179 males were recruited through local physicians. There was a statistically significant difference and a small size effect in the level of depression, anxiety, and/or attention issues experienced by those who were receiving TRT versus those who were not. This study may provide some guidance to medical clinicians, such as psychiatrists, primary-care physicians, and endocrinologists, as well as clinical psychologists who see middle-aged men in their practice settings.
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44

Bojesen, Christine K. "Assessing the Effects of Bio-identical Hormone Replacement Therapy Using the Menopause Rating Scale." The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624277.

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Class of 2008 Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of using compounded Bio-identical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT) in menopausal women, by employing the MRS. Methods: This study used a one group pre-test/ post-test. Included were 25 menopausal women, whom at initial BHRT consultation at Reed’s Compounding Pharmacy filled out a baseline menopausal rating scale (MRS). Eleven weeks into therapy, patients were asked to participate in this study and if interest was expressed, they were asked to fill out another MRS for comparison. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in overall MRS scores and in each of the 3 subscales (psychological, somatic and urogenital) (p
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45

Pripp, Ulla. "The effect of sex hormones on hemostasis and cardiovascular riskfactors in postmenopausal women /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-982-X/.

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46

Schumaker, Carl David. "The risk of breast cancer from hormone replacement therapy combined with mammographic radiation exposure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ40106.pdf.

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47

Manassiev, Nikolai. "The effects of hormone replacement therapy on insulin and carbohydrate metabolism in postmenopausal women." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520935.

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48

Marsden, Joanne. "The therapeutic consequences of hormone replacement therapy for menopausal health in breast cancer survivors." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397993.

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49

Torgerson, David J. "The economics of bone density screening and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362231.

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The work contained in this thesis explores the economic issues of screening women, and the subsequent use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), for the prevention of osteoporosis. The thesis is divided into five sections. In the first section the background to the problem is described as are the relevant economic evaluation techniques. In addition, the relevant economic literature is reviewed. The second section of the thesis, contains the results of research aimed at estimating the costs of population screening followed by treating the women at highest risk. The three chapters in this section address the following issues: estimating total screening costs; developing an economic definition of at risk status; and describing the HRT compliance rate after screening and its associated costs. In the third section the consequences of screening are examined. Hence, the osteoporosis risk profile of non attenders is described and the effects of HRT on women's quality of life is explored. Finally, this section is completed with a study looking at the predictive value of bone density screening. The fourth section is a synthesis of all the costs and consequences described in the preceding sections with relevant additional information from the literature. This section shows that screening perimenopausal women will be very expensive in terms of cost per quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained. In contrast, screening women and treating them when they are aged 70 appears to generate a relatively low cost per QALY. The final, fifth section, of the thesis describes outstanding research issues which need to be addressed before any screening programme is implemented.
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50

Lateef, Symah. "The effects of hormone replacement therapy on immune cell functions in relation to atherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424346.

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