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Khan, Samir. "Mediating role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in anxiety and ischemia: Behavioural and physiological correlates." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29051.
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been considered the quintessential 'stress' neuropeptide, as it mediates stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and produces behavioural and autonomic responses analogous to natural stressors. However, the role of CRH in mediating the behavioural response to psychological stressors, also termed anxiety, is unclear due to inconsistent anxiolytic effects for CRH antagonists in processive stress models, and the central activation of CRH by non-anxiogenic stimuli. The first half of the current thesis examined the role of CRH, and amygdala CRH in particular, in the behavioural response to anxiety. The first experiment standardized the use of a neophobia-based feeding model for use as a behavioural index of anxiety. Using this model, the second experiment demonstrated that while exposure to an unfamiliar environment activates stress-relevant neural circuitry, activation of CRH receptors is not necessary for the expression of anxiety-like behavioral responses. In addition, amygdala CRH activation by novel stimuli is unaffected by changes in the organism's anxiety state. The second half of the current thesis focused on the role of CRH in neurotoxicity and behavioural deficits produced by global ischemic insults. It was demonstrated that global ischemic insults of 10--15 min duration produced short-term CRH increases in hypothalamic and amygdalar regions as well as the piriform cortex, perhaps mediating stress, inflammatory and/or epileptiform activity. This was followed by widespread CRH depletions throughout the brain at 24 h post-ischemia. However, by 72 h post-ischemia, just prior to the onset of cell death, CRH concentrations had normalized throughout the brain. Furthermore, there were no short or long term CRH changes at the CA1 hippocampal region, the area most vulnerable to cell death. Both selective and non-selective CRH antagonists failed to confer neuroprotection when administered before or shortly after an ischemic insult, and failed to protect against ischemia-induced spatial memory deficits. However, CRH1 antagonists did significantly attenuate ischemia-induced hyperactivity in the open field and in the elevated plus maze. Thus while ischemia-induced CRH activation does not appear to mediate subsequent neuronal degeneration, it may play a role in anxiety-related behavioural changes.
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Macey, Darrel John. "Neurobiological correlates of brain stimulation reward and ethanol withdrawal in the rat /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3001270.
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Perrot-Sinal, Tara Susan. "Anti-predator responses in rodents, sex differences and hormonal correlates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0010/NQ40286.pdf.
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Tountas, Andrea M. "Hormonal Correlates of P50 Suppression in Socially Anxious Young Adults." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2194.
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Ten to 15% of the population is temperamentally shy and have elevated physiological stress responses to novel social situations. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying this personality trait are not fully understood (Beaton et al., 2009; Schmidt et al., 1997). Efficiently attending to, acting on, and remembering relevant stimuli and filtering out less important information is critical given the sheer volume of sensory and perceptual stimuli the brain is exposed to.
Relevant stimuli that garner attention are remembered and consolidated with existing memories. Stimuli that do not warrant extended attention are ignored or habituated to in a process underpinned by cortical and subcortical inhibitory brain networks that reduce processing load on finite attentional resources (Freedman et al., 1991; Adler et al., 1998). Inefficient filtering of irrelevant stimuli could underpin anxiety in those with temperamental shyness and anxiety (Aron, Aron, & Davies, 2005). We measured the P50 auditory event-related potential (ERP) using a paired auditory click paradigm, as well as self-reported social anxiety and shyness, and salivary cortisol in two groups of healthy young adults selected for being very shy or very gregarious. While shy and gregarious groups demonstrated a similar P50 ERP to sound one (S1), the shy group showed elevated P50 amplitudes in response to the second sound (S2) compared to the gregarious group. Participants categorized as being lower or higher on social anxiety displayed a reverse pattern: those higher in social anxiety had a reduced response to S1 compared to those lower in social anxiety, yet a similar response to S2. Further, higher salivary cortisol predicted smaller differences and larger ratios in the P50 ERP from S1 to S2.
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Mays, Nora Ann 1952. "Hormonal correlates of reproductive behavior in the cooperatively breeding Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277088.
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I correlated the plasma titers of testosterone (T), estradiol (E), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), corticosterone (B) and prolactin (Prl) with the reproductive behavior of breeders and adult and juvenal-plumaged helpers of the Harris' Hawk. During nest building, breeding males and adult male helpers had higher T levels than those in immature male helpers. Among females, only breeders had elevated T levels during nest building. During nest building, breeding females had higher E levels than those in adult and immature females helpers. Patterns of LH were similar to those of T and E. Concentrations of P and B varied only with handling time. During incubation, Prl titers were elevated only in breeding males and females. In contrast to other altricial species, all breeders showed no elevation in Prl levels during feeding of young. Among males, adult male helpers had the highest Prl levels while feeding young.
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Bowen, Michael. "Defensive aggregation to predatory threat in the laboratory rat: behavioural, neural, pharmacological and epigenetic correlates." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11943.
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Abstract: Defensive aggregation is the tight clumping together of conspecifics observed in response to predatory threat across many species. While much field research has explored this social response to threat, in particular the important survival advantages it affords, it has received little examination in the laboratory. Chapter 2 of this thesis presents the first laboratory rodent model of defensive aggregation, demonstrating that it can be readily elicited in groups of four rats presented with an unconditioned stressor (cat fur or bright light). This provides a novel opportunity to explore the more subtle benefits accrued from defensive aggregation as well as its underlying neurobiology and pharmacology. Chapter 3 illustrates that defensive aggregation has a hitherto unknown social buffering effect that reduces neural and behavioural stress responsivity and facilitates reengagement in important non-threat-related behaviours. It also demonstrates that stable active and passive stress coping rats exist amongst populations that are group exposed to predator threat. Chapter 4 demonstrates that the neuropeptide oxytocin acts at vasopressin V1ARs to selectively promote social responding to threat without increasing anxiety-like behaviour. This suggests that developing novel pharmacotherapies that target V1ARs may prove useful for the treatment of chronic social withdrawal in the face of stress, which occurs in numerous psychiatric disorders. Finally, Chapter 5 provides the first report of striking epigenetic differences in the medial amygdala AVP system between active and passive coping rats, providing a potential mechanism through which the proactive response style seen in some animals confronted with threat might be maintained. It is hoped that the work presented in this thesis has served as a foundation for the future investigation of the neurobiological mechanisms driving, and adaptive benefits underlying, the social response to threat and an active stress coping strategy.
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Bentson, Kathleen Louise. "Hormonal, cardiovascular, and behavioral correlates of rank in male baboons during activities that occur in a social setting /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10670.
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Maschietto, Luciana Arioli. "Perfil de esteróides sexuais em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo - aspectos de diagnóstico e correlações clínicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-23082007-105711/.
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As enfermidades endócrinas, notadamente o hiperadrenocorticismo, têm grande importância dentre os quadros mórbidos que acometem a espécie canina. A produção excessiva de ACTH pode, nas adrenais, estimular o aumento não só de glicocorticóides, mas também de hormônios sexuais. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: avaliar as concentrações séricas dos hormônios esteroidais sexuais (progesterona, 17-hidroxiprogesterona, testosterona e androstenediona), em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo de decurso natural (não iatrogênico) e em cães hígidos; e correlacionar as alterações do perfil esteroidal sexual em cães com hiperadrenocorticismo às manifestações clínicas tegumentares e sistêmicas. Foram utilizados 14 cães com hiperadrenocorticismo endógeno e 15 cães hígidos, os quais compuseram o Grupo controle. O Grupo 1 (animais com hiperadrenocorticismo) foi submetido às determinações bioquímicas, hematimétricas, exame de urina, ultra- sonografia abdominal e ao teste de supressão com dexametasona em dose baixa com colheita basal e oito horas após supressão. Tanto os animais doentes (Grupo 1) quanto aqueles hígidos do (Grupo 2) foram submetidos ao teste de estimulação com ACTH com determinação dos esteróides sexuais no momento zero e após uma hora da administração do fármaco. Os achados mais freqüentes nos animais doentes foram: polidpsia, poliúria, polifagia, cansaço fácil, intolerância ao exercício, abdômen abaulado, hepatomegalia e alterações dermatológicas. As alterações laboratoriais encontradas nos cães com hiperadrenocorticismo foram: hiperfosfatasemia alcalina, hipertrigliceridemia, hipercolesterolemia, leucocitose por neutrofilia, linfopenia, eosinofilia, monocitose, hipercortisolismo basal e após supressão com dexametasona. No exame de urina evidenciou-se hipostenúria, bacteriúria e glicosúria. Na ultra- sonografia, adrenomegalia e hepatomegalia foram os achados mais freqüentes. As determinações dos esteróides sexuais foram realizadas nos dois grupos e os valores detectados nos animais hígidos serviram de comparação com aqueles enfermos onde foram observados, no momento basal, aumentos de testosterona (três cães) e 17-hidroxiprogesterona (um cão). Após o estímulo com ACTH observou-se aumento da testosteronemia em três cães, da 17-OHP em cinco animais e em um hiperprogesteronemia.The endocrine disorders, especially hyperadrenocorticism, has notorious importance among all the diseases that affect the canine species. The high production of ACTH can stimulate the adrenals to produce highly amount of glicocorticoid and sexual hormones. The aim of this study were: determine the serum concentration of sexual hormones (progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone and androstenedione) in dogs with natural hyperadrenocorticism (not iatrogenic) and in health dogs, and correlate the alterations between sexual steroids in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism and the clinical manifestations of skin and systemic. It was selected 14 dogs with natural hyperadrenocorticism and 15 healthy dogs that were the control group. The group 1 (dogs with hyperadrenocorticism) were submitted to bioquimical determination, CBC, urine test, abdominal ultrasonography and the low dose of dexamethasone suppression test, with two gather, basal and eight hours after use of dexamethasone. Both Group 1 and 2 were submitted to ACTH stimulation test with determination of sexual steroids at first moment (zero moment) and after one hour of ACTH. The most often find on group 1 (dogs with hyperadrenocorticism) were: polydpsia, polyuria, polyphagia, high exhaustion exercise intolerance, pot belly abdomen, hepatomegaly and the dermatologic alterations. The laboratorial alterations on Group 1 were: high alkaline phosphatase, high triglycerides, high cholesterol, leukocytosis, neutrofilia, linfopenia, eosinofilia, monocytosis, high basal cortisol and after suppression with dexamethasone. At the urine test hypostenuria, high prevalence of bacteria and glicosúria. At ultrasonography adrenomegaly and hepatomegaly were most frequently finds. The sexual steroids rating were done in both groups and the results of healthy dogs (Group 2) were used of reference values of comparison with sickness dogs (Group 1), at zero moment were seen the rise of values of testosterone (tree dogs) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (one dog). After stimulations of ACTH were seen the rise of testosterone on tree dogs, the 17-hydroxyprogesterone in five dogs e the progesterone in one dog.
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Pontes, Mariana Chiste. "Correlato hormonal do comportamento reprodutivo de machos de sag?i comum (Callithrix jacchus) em ambiente natural." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17367.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-23Contrary to what is recorded for Callithrix jacchus females, the social interactions and hormonal profiles of males are less studied, and mainly in wild groups. The goal of this study was to investigate the behavioral and endocrine profiles of reproductive (RMs) and non-reproductive (NRs) common marmoset adult free-ranging males living in two natural groups (GC1 and GR2). The groups inhabited the area of the Escola Agr?cola de Jundia?/UFRN, located in Maca?ba, Brazil. Fecal collection for cortisol and androgen measurement and behavioral monitoring was carried out during the active phase from April to September, 2005. For behavioral data collection the focal instantaneous method was used every 5 min, for a total of 11.563 records. Statistical analysis was performed using non parametric tests and p < 0.05. Besides showing diurnal variation, the frequency of affiliative behaviors was significantly higher for RMs toward reproductive females than for NRs. Affiliative interactions of RMs with both reproductive females and NRs were similar, probably related to pair bond formation and helper recruitment, respectively. Parental care was also similar for both RMs and NRs. Both androgen and cortisol levels increased after the birth of the infants, mainly in RMs. The longitudinal profile of androgens fluctuates more in response to agonistic encounters and sexual behavior than that of cortisol. The mean basal excretion of both hormones was significantly higher in RMs and seems to reflect their higher participation in territorial vigilance and mate guarding behaviors. Significant positive correlations were found between agonism and cortisol and androgen hormones. These results describe, for the first time, the behavioral and hormonal profiles of common marmosets living in free-ranging groups and suggest that reproductive males are more responsive both behaviorally and hormonally to social group dynamics
Ao contr?rio do que ocorre para as f?meas da esp?cie Callithrix jacchus, as intera??es sociais e perfis hormonais de machos s?o pouco estudados, principalmente em grupos naturais. O objetivo desse estudo foi estabelecer os perfis comportamental e end?crino de machos adultos reprodutores (MRs) e n?o reprodutores (MnRs) vivendo em ambiente natural em dois grupos silvestres (GC1 e GR2). Os grupos habitavam a ?rea da Escola Agr?cola de Jundia?/UFRN, localizada no munic?pio de Maca?ba. A coleta de fezes para dosagem de cortisol e andr?genos e o monitoramento comportamental foram feitas uma vez por semana durante a fase de atividade no per?odo de abril a setembro de 2005. A coleta de dados comportamentais foi feita usando o m?todo focal instant?neo a cada 5 minutos para cada animal, em um total de observa??o de 11.563 registros. Para a an?lise estat?stica, foram utilizados testes n?o param?tricos e p < 0,05. Al?m de apresentarem varia??o diurna significativa, a freq??ncia de comportamentos afiliativos foi maior entre os pares reprodutores, comparado aos registros entre os MnRs e as f?meas reprodutoras. As intera??es afiliativas dos MRs com as f?meas reprodutoras foram semelhantes a freq??ncia de intera??es entre os focais (MRs e MnRs), possivelmente em fun??o da liga??o do par e recrutamento de ajudantes, respectivamente. O comportamento de cuidado com o infante tamb?m foi semelhante entre os MRs e MnRs e os n?veis de cortisol e andr?genos se elevaram ap?s o nascimento dos filhotes, principalmente nos MRs. O perfil longitudinal dos andr?genos flutuou mais em resposta aos encontros agonistas e contextos de c?pulas do que o cortisol. A excre??o basal m?dia de cortisol e andr?genos foi significativamente maior nos MRs e parecem refletir o maior envolvimento destes em contextos de territorialidade, vigil?ncia e guarda da parceira no grupo social. Correla??es positivas significativas foram detectadas entre a freq??ncia de comportamentos agon?sticos e os horm?nios cortisol e andr?genos. Estes resultados descrevem pela primeira vez o perfil comportamental associado ao perfil hormonal de machos de C. jacchus vivendo em grupos silvestres e sugerem que o macho reprodutor ? mais responsivo tanto comportamental como hormonalmente a din?mica do grupo social
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Zablith, Ana Cristina Aranha. "Tirotoxicose experimental em gatos : estudo ultra-sonográfico das alterações hepáticas e suas correlações com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas, dos hormônios tiroideos e achados histológicos e citológicos /." Botucatu, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89116.
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Orientador : Lucy Marie Ribeiro MunizResumo: O hipertiroidismo é caracterizado pelo aumento das concentrações dos hormônios tiroideos, podendo levar a alterações cardiovasculares, hepáticas, renais, hematológicas, além de alterações de comportamento tanto em humanos quanto em animais. Neste estudo procurou-se investigar as alterações ultrasonográficas hepáticas produzidas pelo hipertiroidismo e correlacioná-las com os níveis séricos das enzimas hepáticas e achados citológicos e histológicos do fígado. Para tanto 20 gatos foram induzidos ao estado hipertiroideo pela administração de levotiroxina sódica, por via oral, na dose de 150 mg/kg, a cada 24 horas, durante 42 dias. Foram feitas avaliações ultra-sonográficas do fígado e colheitas de sangue semanais (M0 a M6), para dosagem das enzimas hepáticas e dos hormônios tiroideos, além de colheita de material para os exames citológicos e histológicos em M0, imediatamente antes do início da indução à tirotoxicose, e em M6, ao final do período experimental. Os resultados mostraram haver elevação das concentrações séricas de T4, livre e total, a partir da primeira semana experimental, no entanto os níveis de T3 total não sofreram alterações significativas. As enzimas hepáticas séricas também se apresentaram discretamente elevadas, porém sem significância estatística. Ocorreu correlação positiva entre os níveis séricos de TT4 e FT4, FT4 e FA, e ALT e AST... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by high concentrations of thyroid hormones, what may lead to cardiovascular, hepatic, renal and haematological alterations and behavioral changes in humans as well in animals. This study aimed to investigate ultrasonographic changes of liver parenchyma produced by hyperthyroidism and correlate them with serum hepatic enzymes levels and cytological and histological findings. Twenty cats were induced into hyperthyroid state by the administration, per oral, of 150 mg/kg dose of sodium L-thyroxine, each 24 hour, during 42 days. Sonographic evaluation of liver parenchyma and collection of blood samples were made weekly (M0-6), the last one to dose hepatic enzymes and thyroid hormones, besides collection of hepatic cells and tissue samples for cytological and histological analysis at M0, immediately before the beginning of the thyrotoxicosis induction, and M6, at the end of the experimental period. Results showed an increase on serum concentrations of total T4 and free T4 since the first week, however values for total T3 did not suffer significant variations. Serum hepatic enzymes also showed slight increase but not enough to be statistically significative. There was positive correlation between TT4 and FT4, FT4 and alkaline phosphatase (FA), and ALT and AST. Hyperthyroid state produced an hipoechoic liver pattern with progressive emergence of hyperecogenic periportal infiltration following TT4 curve. Cytological and histological findings although non specific at M6 suggested hepatitis. We could observe that changes on liver sonographic image preceded elevations on serum hepatic enzymes and occurred concomitant with alterations on TT4 and FT4 levels
Mestre
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Silva, Francisco Josà Bastista da. "AvaliaÃÃo imunohistoquÃmica da expressÃo de receptores de estrogÃnio (RE) e de progesterona (RP), em neoplasias escamosas intraepiteliais e invasoras do colo uterino: correlaÃÃes com a progessÃo tumoral." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2721.
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O CÃncer do colo uterino, permanece sendo uma patologia de grande incidÃncia (16,3/100 mil) e mortalidade (1.627/100 mil) no nordeste brasileiro; altamente correlacionado ao HPV (98%, por PCR). A relaÃÃo entre estÃgios evolutivos da neoplasia do colo uterino e receptores hormonais ainda à obscura. Verificou-se a expressÃo imunohistoquÃmica dos receptores hormonais RE e RP em diferentes estÃgios evolutivos do cÃncer do colo uterino em comparaÃÃo ao ciclo menstrual e idade. Em 144 amostras da cÃrvice uterina, analisaram-se 62 casos de LIEBG, 41 casos de LIEAG, e 41 casos de CEC. A expressÃo imunohistoquÃmica dos receptores hormonais foi avaliada em escores (1 a 9): intensidade da reaÃÃo (1 a 3) e dispersÃo celular (1 a 3), tanto no epitÃlio quanto no estroma.A correlaÃÃo entre os parÃmetros foi avaliada pelo Teste exato de Fisher-Yates. Houve diminuiÃÃo da expressÃo nuclear de RE e RP à medida da progressÃo tumoral. No estroma a expressÃo nuclear do RE e RP tendem a aumentar de LIEBG para LIEAG e CEC, embora nestes os escores fossem menores. Com relaÃÃo ao ciclo menstrual nÃo houve alteraÃÃes significativas entre a primeira e segunda fase do ciclo menstrual. As anÃlises prà e pÃs-menopausa nÃo evidenciaram variaÃÃes significativas na expressÃo dos receptores hormonais estudados.Cervical cancer is associated with a very high incidence (16.3/100.000) and mortality (1,627/100.000) in northeastern Brazil; strongly correlated with HPV (98% by PCR). However, the relation between the stages of cervical cancer and the hormonal receptors ER and PR remains unclear. This study presents an immunohistochemical analysis of the morphological expression of the hormonal receptors ER and PR in different stages of cervical cancer. One hundred forty-four samples were obtained for analysis from the cervices of patients at a cancer screening service in northeastern Brazil in the years 2001 and 2002. Following gynecological examination colposcopically guided biopsies revealed apparently abnormal epithelia. Subsequently the specimens were classified in scores (1 to 9) according to hormonal receptor expression: intensity reaction (1 to 3) versus cell-marked dispersion (1 to 3).Sixty-two cases of LSIL, 41 cases of HSIL and 41 cases of ISCC were compared with regard to menstrual cycle and age. In SIL nuclear reactivity to ER decreased gradually from the lower to the higher stages, including that of ISCC. Stromal marked nuclei were seen in SIL and tended to increase in ISCC in spite of displaying lower scores. There were no significant differences for ER and PR expression related to menstrual cycle phases or menopausal status. Pre- and post-menopausal analyses showed no significant variation in the expression of either ER or PR.
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Dalmazzo, Andressa. "Imunolocalização e expressão do receptor de ocitocina (OTR) e da globulina ligadora de hormônios sexuais (SHBG) em testículo e epidídimo de cães e suas correlações com a qualidade espermática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-30092016-122716/.
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A ocitocina (OT) é um neuropeptídio hipotalâmico, que dentre suas funções na fêmea destaca-se a contração uterina durante o parto e a ejeção do leite. No entanto, estudos vêm demonstrando importantes funções endócrinas e parácrinas no trato reprodutivo masculino. Evidenciando a possível ação conjunta entre OT e a Globulina ligadora de hormônios sexuais (SHBG). Entretanto, em cães não existem informações disponíveis quanto sua atuação. Assim, estudos direcionados aos receptores de ocitocina (OTR) e SHBG e suas funções no sistema reprodutor masculino, mais especificamente na fisiologia espermática, são de suma importância para os conhecimentos da fisiologia reprodutiva para posterior aplicação em biotecnologias reprodutivas em pequenos animais e humanos, fomentando também novas perspectivas para a utilização terapêutica da ocitocina em enfermidades reprodutivas. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar a expressão gênica e proteica do OTR e SHBG no testículo e epidídimo de cães, correlacionando tais dados com a qualidade espermática e dosagem de testosterona. Para tal, foram coletados testículos e epidídimos de 26 cães em idade reprodutiva (1 a 5 anos). Após a orquiectomia, foi realizada a coleta dos espermatozoides provenientes da cauda do epidídimo e então, as amostras foram analisadas quanto à motilidade computadorizada do sêmen (CASA), integridade de membrana plasmática (Eosina/Nigrosina), integridade de membrana acrossomal (Fast Green / Rosa Bengala) e atividade mitocondrial (3´3 Diaminobenzidine). A imunolocalização do OTR e SHBG foi realizada através de imunoistoquímica e imunofluorescência. E a análise de expressão gênica, através da Reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qRT PCR). E da expressão proteica, através do Western Blotting. Foram encontradas correlações significantes e positivas entre as expressões gênicas do OTR e do SHBG, tanto no testículo como no epidídimo. Além disto, a expressão do OTR no testículo correlacionou-se positivamente com espermatozoides com membrana acrossomal íntegra e negativamente com a porcentagem de células com baixa atividade mitocondrial. Já o SHBG do testículo, correlacionou-se positivamente com a concentração de espermatozoides, porcentagens de células com membrana plasmática e acrossomal íntegras, motilidade, motilidade progressiva e velocidade rápida, e negativamente com a porcentagem de células com baixa atividade mitocondrial. Por outro lado, no epidídimo, a expressão gênica do SHBG apresentou correlação positiva com a porcentagem de células com membrana plasmática íntegra e expressão proteica de SHBG no testículo. Quanto a expressão proteica, o OTR no testículo obteve correlação positiva com testosterona e negativa com atividade mitocondrial nula, já no epidídimo, ocorreu correlação positiva com integridade de membrana acrossomal e negativa também com atividade mitocondrial nula. Em relação ao SHBG, houve correlação positiva com a expressão gênica do SHBG no epidídimo, células normais e padrões de velocidade. E na imunoistoquímica foi possível observar a imunomarcação do OTR e SHBG na musculatura lisa e células de Leydig do testículo e OTR na musculatura lisa do epidídimo. No entanto, não houve imunomarcação do SHBG no epidídimo, assim como expressão proteica. Nossos resultados demonstraram que o OTR e SHBG são expressos nos testículos e epidídimos de cães e que estão relacionados a funções espermáticas importantes, sendo essenciais para o sucesso reprodutivoOxytocin (OT) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that plays important and well known roles in the female such as uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection. Notwithstanding, studies have shown important endocrine and paracrine functions also in the male reproductive tract, highlighted by the possible joint action between OT and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). In dogs, however, there is no information available with regards to the role of these hormones in the reproductive function. Thus, studies directed to oxytocin (OTR) and SHBG receptors and their functions in the male reproductive system, specifically with regards to sperm physiology. Such knowledge is essential to understand the reproductive physiology for the subsequent use in reproductive biotechnologies in small animals and humans, especially by providing new perspectives for the therapeutic use of oxytocin in reproductive disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the gene and protein expression of OTR and SHBG in the testis and epididymis of dogs, correlating these data with sperm quality and testosterone dosage. To this end, testis and epididymis were collected from 26 dogs in reproductive age (1 to 5 years). After orchiectomy, collection of sperm from the cauda epididymis was carried out and then the samples were analyzed for computerized motility of semen (CASA), plasma membrane integrity (eosin / nigrosine), acrosome membrane integrity (Fast Green / rose Bengal) and mitochondrial activity (3\'3 Diaminobenzidine). The immunolocalization of OTR and SHBG was performed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Gene expression analysis was performed by real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT - PCR). The protein expression was further assessed by Western Blotting. Significant positive correlations were found between the gene expressions of OTR and SHBG in both the testis and epididymis. Furthermore, the OTR expression in testis was positively correlated to sperm with intact acrosome membrane and negatively to the percentage of cells with low mitochondrial activity. On the other hand, testicular SHBG was positively correlated with sperm concentration, percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane and acrosome, motility, progressive motility and the percentage of RAPID sperm. Also, negative correlation was found between testicular SHBG and the percentage of cells with low mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, in the epididymis, SHBG gene expression was positively correlated to the percentage of cells with intact plasma membrane and protein expression of SHBG in the testis. In relation to the protein expression, the OTR in the testis correlated positively with blood plasma testosterone and negatively with sperm with no mitochondrial activity. In the epididymis, OTR protein expression correlated positively with sperm showing intact acrosome and negatively with cells with no mitochondrial activity. With regards to SHBG proteins expression, there was a positive correlation to SHBG gene expression in the epididymis, normal cells and some patterns of sperm velocity. In the immunohistochemistry, we observed the OTR and SHBG immunostainings in the smooth muscle and Leydig cells of the testis while, in the epididymis, the OTR immunostaining could be observed only in the smooth muscle. Interestingly, there was no immunostaining or protein expression of SHBG in the epididymis. Our results demonstrated that OTR and SHBG are expressed in the testis and epididymis of dogs and are related to important sperm functions, essential for reproductive success
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Hamy, Anne-Sophie. "Identification of Factors Predicting Sensitivity or Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant treatment : the future of patients with breast cancer Neoadjuvant treatment for intermediate/high-risk HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers: no longer an “option” but an ethical obligation Long-term outcome of the REMAGUS 02 trial, a multicenter randomised phase II trial in locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without celecoxib or trastuzumab according to HER2 status BIRC5 (survivin) : a pejorative prognostic marker in stage II/III breast cancer with no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy Beyond Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis, BMI and Menopausal Status Are Prognostic Determinants for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treated by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Pathological complete response and prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancers before and after trastuzumab era: results from a real-life cohort The presence of an in situ component on pre-treatment biopsy is not associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer Chemosensitivity, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and survival of postpartum PABC patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy Lymphovascular invasion after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is strongly associated with poor prognosis in breast carcinoma New insight for pharmacogenomics studies from the transcriptional analysis of two large-scale cancer cell line panels Biological network-driven gene selection identifies a stromal immune module as a key determinant of triple-negative breast carcinoma prognosis A Stromal Immune Module Correlated with the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Prognosis and Lymphocyte Infiltration in HER2-Positive Breast Carcinoma Is Inversely Correlated with Hormonal Pathways Stromal lymphocyte infiltration after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with aggressive residual disease and lower disease-free survival in HER2-positive breast cancer Interaction between molecular subtypes, stromal immune infiltration before and after treatment in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy COX2/PTGS2 Expression Is Predictive of Response to Neoadjuvant Celecoxib in HER2-negative Breast Cancer Patients Celecoxib With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Might Worsen Outcomes Differentially by COX-2 Expression and ER Status: Exploratory Analysis of the REMAGUS02 Trial Comedications influence immune infiltration and pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS129.
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La chimiothérapie néoadjuvante (CNA) est utilisée dans les cancers du sein agressifs ou localement avancés (CS). Au delà des bénéfices cliniques, elle représente une opportunité pour monitorer in vivo la sensibilité d’une tumeur à un traitement.A partir de l’analyse de sets de données de patients traités par CNA, nous souhaitons identifier des mécanismes associes à la résistance ou sensibilité au traitement. Dans la première partie, nous avons évalué des paramètres, cliniques, anatomopathologiques et transcriptomiques. Nous avons démontré que des éléments non explorés comme la présence d’embols après CNA revêtaient une information pronostique importante. Dans une 2ème partie, nous avons analysé l’impact de l’infiltrat immunitaire dans le cancer du sein, et avons décrit les changements observés entre des échantillons avant et après CNA. Nous avons montré que l’impact pronostique des TILs était différent avant et après CNA, et était opposé dans les CS triple négatif ou HER2-positif. Finalement, nous avons analysé l’impact des comédications pendant la CNA. Nous avons trouvé des effets positifs – via l’augmentation de l’infiltrat immunitaire et la réponse au traitement – et des effets négatifs avec des effets délétères dans certains sous groupes de patients. En conclusion, la situation néoadjuvante représente une plateforme pour générer et potentiellement valider des hypothèses de recherche. La mise à disposition de jeux de données de patients traités par chimiothérapie néoadjuvante constituerait une ressource majeure pour accélérer la recherche contre le cancer du seinNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC i.e. chemotherapy before surgery) is increasingly being used for aggressive or locally advanced breast cancer (BCs). Beyond clinical benefits, it represents an opportunity to monitor in vivo sensitivity to treatment. Based on the analysis of datasets of BCs patients treated with NAC, we aimed at identifying mechanisms associated with resistance or sensitivity to treatment.In the first part, we evaluated biological, clinical, pathological and transcriptomic patterns. We demonstrated that unexplored pathological features such as post-NAC lymphovascular invasion may carried an important prognostic information.In a second part, we analyzed impact of imune infiltration in BC and we described extensively the changes of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) between pre and post-NAC samples. We showed that the prognostic impact of TILs was different before and after NAC, and was opposite in TNBC and HER2-positive BCs. Finally, we investigated the impact of comedications use during NAC. We found both positive effects - while enhancing immune infiltration and response to treatment - and negative effects with deleterisous oncologic outcomes in specific patients subgroups. In conclusion, the neoadjuvant setting represents a platform to both generate and potentially validate research hypotheses aiming at increasing the efficacy of treatment. The public release of real-life datasets of BC patients treated with NAC would represent a major resource to accelerate BC research
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Ghebrial, Marian Erian. "Hormone-behavior correlates among male and female psychopathic participants relationship to Gray's model of behavioral inhibition and activation systems /." 2005. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1097/index.html.
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Kline, Richard Joseph 1970. "Hormonal correlates of coloration and sexual change in the hermaphroditic grouper, Epinephelus adscensionis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-12-2550.
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Hermaphroditism, associated with territoriality and dominance behavior, is common in the marine environment. Male sex-specific coloration patterns and behavior are particularly evident in species where males are territorial and guard harems of females such as wrasses and groupers. Protogynous hermaphrodites that change sex from female to male are good models to study sexual behavior and related changes in the brain due to their abilities to reorganize their sexual phenotype as adults. Two hormones produced in the brain and implicated in the process of sex-specific behavior and reproductive development are arginine vasotocin (AVT) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). While a wealth of data exists regarding these hormone systems separately, little is known about linkage between these two systems. Especially there is no data tracking these two systems together in any protogynous fish. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that coordinated interactions between AVT and GnRH facilitate the process of behavioral and gonadal sex change in the rock hind Epinephelus adscensionis. Four topics were addressed to investigate the relationship between behavior and reproduction: i) rock hind sex change, sexual characteristics and conditions causing sex change to occur in captivity were detailed as a basis for examining the AVT system and GnRH during this process, ii) the distribution of a vasotocin V1a type receptor identified in rock hind brain was examined for the first time in a fish species using a custom designed antibody then the receptor protein was co-localized with GnRH producing cells within the brain to confirm that a pathway exists for AVT action on GnRH, iii) levels of AVT, AVT receptors, and GnRH messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared between male and female rock hind phenotypes, and iv) female rock hind at early stages of sex change were compared for brain mRNA expression of AVT, AVT receptors, and GnRH to determine the order of hormonal change during the process of sexual inversion in this species. This study provides a better understanding of the relationship between sex-specific behavior and reproductive development via AVT and GnRH systems that are conserved in all vertebrates.text
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Jayabharathy, R. "Territorial and mating strategies of males in a lekking population of blackbuck Antilope cervicapra." Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5137.
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Territoriality associated with lek-mating systems is unique in that males defend small, heavily clustered territories that lack resources usually thought to attract females, such as food and water. Females visit these male aggregations (leks) solely for the purpose of mating. Males compete intensively to defend mating territories and male mating success is typically highly skewed. Males in this system face the complex problem of making decisions on how much effort to allocate towards territory defence and mate attraction efforts versus maintenance activities and how to time this effort, as the duration of territory tenure in relation to the peak in number of females visiting the lek has important fitness consequences. Associated with the high variance in mating success, there is extensive variation in the behaviour of males holding territories on leks. In my thesis, I attempt to understand this variation in male lekking behaviour, by examining patterns of territorial investment in relation to patterns of expected payoffs, estimating underlying hormone correlates and analysing the social context of male territorial decisions. Using a lekking population of blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) as a model system, I took an integrative approach to study the variation in male territorial and mating behaviour on lek.
In the first chapter, I investigated a principal blackbuck lek to understand the fine scale patterns of variation in male territorial investment and test whether they may arise from associated variation in mating benefits. I found that patterns of male investment in lek attendance, signalling and interactions closely track patterns in payoffs, supporting the hypothesis, that due to the large costs of lekking-related behaviour males should tailor their investment in this behaviour to predictable cues of mating benefits. Apart from responding to indirect spatial and temporal cues of potential mating benefits, males also appeared to modulate their lekking behaviour directly in response to a female visiting their territory.
In the second chapter, I examined relationships between lekking behaviour and testosterone and glucocorticoids on a blackbuck lek. I used a non-invasive technique of monitoring endocrine status by measuring concentration of hormone metabolite in blackbuck faeces using enzyme immunoassays. I found that time during the mating season predicted variation in faecal testosterone and cortisol metabolite concentration, but there was no clear relationship between testosterone/cortisol metabolite concentrations with distance from lek-centre.
In the third chapter, I examined the influence of local interactions on male behaviour by quantifying correlation of behaviours at the male neighbourhood level in the short-term (immediate) and long-term (over the mating season). I found that, in the short-term, neighbourhoods show correlated behaviour suggesting that males respond to the behaviour of neighbouring males when making decisions related to displays and how much time to spend on their territory. I found that, over the long-term, lekking male blackbuck appear to locally influence each other’s investment in intensive displays.
Overall my thesis findings indicate that male investment in high-cost signalling is sensitive to diverse factors, including fine-scale spatial and temporal patterns in potential mating benefits, immediate cues of mating benefits, and to social environment. My findings also suggest that taking an integrative approach and examining hormonal mechanisms may provide insights into trade-offs generating variation in costly male behaviour.
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Negrey, Jacob Douglas. "The hormonal and immunological correlates of social dominance in wild male chimpanzees." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/39005.
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In social primates, the acquisition and maintenance of social dominance may augment reproductive success while incurring immunological costs. This trade-off is hypothetically facilitated by hormones that modulate both status-enhancing behavior and immune function. In the three studies comprising this dissertation, I investigated hormonal mechanisms by which social dominance may reflect immune health, testing relationships between behavioral correlates of dominance rank, steroid hormone secretion, and immune activity in wild adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). Between January 2016 and July 2017, I collected behavioral observations and urine samples from adult males at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda, home to the largest community of habituated wild chimpanzees yet described. In the first study, I assessed behavioral and anatomical mechanisms that may link dominance rank to the secretion of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone was positively correlated with dominance rank and creatinine, a product of muscle catabolism and noninvasive proxy for lean muscle mass. Contrary to expectations, testosterone was negatively correlated with overall rates of aggression, indicating that aggressiveness does not itself account for positive linear correlations between dominance and testosterone in this species. In the second study, I analyzed reproductively salient correlates of cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone secreted in response to psychosocial and metabolic demands. Urinary measures of reproductive effort and immune challenge were positively correlated with cortisol, indicating adaptive energy allocation. Furthermore, dominance rank was positively correlated with urinary cortisol when c-peptide of insulin, as a measure of energy intake, was low. This indicates that high ranking males deprioritize energy intake in certain social contexts, including competition for sexually receptive mates. In the third study, I found that although urinary testosterone seemingly diminished immune function, high ranking males were less likely to die from severe acute immune challenge than low ranking conspecifics. My results provide evidence that mating effort increases immune challenge both by increasing testosterone secretion and reallocating energy away from immune function. However, despite the increased mating effort exhibited by high ranking males, social dominance does not incur notable immunological costs. On the contrary, social dominance likely reflects immunocompetence and male quality in nonhuman primates.2021-12-06T00:00:00Z
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"High Serum Androstenedione Levels Correlate With Impaired Memory In The Surgically Menopausal Rat: A Replication And New Findings." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15896.
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abstract: After natural menopause in women, androstenedione becomes the primary hormone secreted by the residual follicle deplete ovaries. Two independent studies, in rodents that had undergone ovarian follicular depletion, found that higher serum androstenedione levels correlated with increased working memory errors. This led to the hypothesis that androstenedione impairs memory. The current study directly tested this hypothesis, examining the cognitive effects of androstenedione administration in a rodent model. Middle-aged ovariectomized rats received vehicle or one of two doses of androstenedione (4 or 8 mg/kg daily). Rats were tested on a spatial working and reference memory maze battery including the water radial arm maze, Morris maze, and delay-match-to-sample task. Results showed that androstenedione at the highest dose impaired reference memory and working memory, including ability to maintain performance as memory demand was elevated. The latter was true for both high temporal demand memory retention of one item of spatial information, as well as the ability to handle multiple items of spatial working memory information. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) levels were measured in multiple brain regions to determine whether the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system mediates androstenedione's cognitive impairments. Results showed that higher entorhinal cortex GAD levels were correlated with poorer Morris maze performance, regardless of androstenedione treatment. These findings suggest that androstenedione, the main hormone produced by the follicle deplete ovary, is detrimental to spatial learning, reference memory, and working memory, and that spatial reference memory performance might be related to the GABAergic system.Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. Psychology 2012
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Boehm, Emily Elizabeth Blankinship. "The Evolution of Extended Sexual Receptivity in Chimpanzees: Variation, Male-Female Associations, and Hormonal Correlates." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/13419.
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Sexual conflict occurs when female and male fitness interests diverge. In a social system characterized by aggressive sexual coercion and the risk of infanticide, female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) respond to this conflict by exhibiting an exaggerated sexual swelling that advertises sexual receptivity while concealing the exact timing of ovulation. Sexual swellings impose significant costs, yet can persist into pregnancy. Records from long-term studies of eastern chimpanzees (P. t. schweinfurthii) in Gombe National Park, TZ, and Kibale National Park, UG, provide data on postconception swellings, while data on group composition and behaviors such as mating, grooming, and aggression are drawn from the Gombe database only. Throughout, I use linear mixed models to simultaneously test multiple effects while controlling for repeated measures of individuals. In Chapter 1, I tested whether variation in females’ vulnerability to infanticide and aggression predicted the amount of swelling during pregnancy. In Chapter 2, I examined female-male relationships across reproductive states to ask whether females can better gain benefits and avoid costs by affiliating promiscuously with all males, or by investing in relationships with preferred males. Finally, I analyzed metabolites of reproductive hormones using urine samples from pregnant females in both populations to build a hormonal profile of postconception swellings. Swellings during pregnancy increase female-male association, and are caused by the same basic hormonal mechanism as preconception swellings, though they occur in a very different hormonal milieu. Females at greater risk of infanticide and intrasexual aggression swell more during pregnancy. Females mate promiscuously before conception, but during pregnancy and lactation, preferentially groom with males that are likely to protect them from aggression and infanticide. Based on these and other findings, I conclude that postconception swellings in chimpanzees are an adaptive response to sexual conflict.
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YE, JIA-CUI, and 葉嘉翠. "Estrogenic hormones induced mdrl gene expression correlated to the drug resistance in human cervical carcinoma cell lines." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69006471029702469296.
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Yadlowski, Dean E. "Juvenile hormone esterase and correlated responses to selection : the physiological basis of wing dimorphism in the sand cricket, Gryllus firmus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)." Thesis, 1994. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/3552/1/MM97639.pdf.
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"Correlato hormonal do comportamento reprodutivo de machos de sagüi comum (Callithrix jacchus) em ambiente natural." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRN, 2006. http://bdtd.bczm.ufrn.br/tedesimplificado//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=826.
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Liu, He. "Individual variation and hormonal modulation of sodium channel alpha and beta1 subunits in the electric organ correlate with variation in a social signal." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2764.
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