Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hormonal therapy (HT)

Academic literature on the topic 'Hormonal therapy (HT)'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hormonal therapy (HT)"

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Mainar, Laura Baquedano, Leyre Ruiz Campo, Alberto Lanzon Laga, and Miguel Angel Ruiz Conde. "Endometrial cancer and hormonal therapy (HT)." Maturitas 81, no. 1 (May 2015): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.286.

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Mizowaki, T., Y. Norihisa, M. Ogura, T. Kamba, T. Inoue, Y. Shimizu, O. Ogawa, and M. Hiraoka. "Survival outcomes of neoadjuvant hormone therapy plus external-beam radiotherapy with relatively early initiation of salvage hormone therapy to patients with T3-4N0M0 prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2011): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.95.

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95 Background: Survival benefits of adding long-term adjuvant hormonal therapy (A-HT) on external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) had reported in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. However, adverse effects of long-term hormonal therapy are also not negligible. If early initiation of salvage hormonal therapy (S-HT) to patents developed PSA failure after EBRT can realize comparable survival as to giving A-HT across the board, patients who maintain biochemical failure-free status after EBRT will receive hormonal-free benefit. We analyzed outcomes of EBRT combine with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NA-HT) to patients with T3-4N0M0 prostate cancer. Methods: Between April 1998 and Mar 2006, consecutive 173 Japanese patients with T3-4N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate were definitively treated by 3D-CRT / IMRT. The median age was 72 years old (range 48-80). Pre-treatment PSA values ranged between 3.7 and 430 ng/ml (mean: 45.3). T-stage was distributed as follows: T3a: 122, T3b: 50 and T4: 1 case. NA-HT (3–17 months, median: 5 months) was given to all cases. Mean delivered dose was 74 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction to the prostate and seminal vesicles (range: 60-78). A-HT was not given to any patients and PSA values were monitored with one to 6 months interval after the treatment. S-HT was essentially started when PSA value exceeded 4 ng/ml. Results: Median follow-up period was 74 months (range: 8–152). So far, S-HT was initiated to 58 patients, and PSA values at the initiation of S-HT ranged 0.1 to 32.2 with a median value of 6.0 ng/ml. Biochemical relapse-free survival by the Phoenix definition and salvage hormonal therapy-free survival rates at 8 years were 60% (95% CI = 51-68) and 63% (95% CI = 56-71), respectively. Prostate cancer-specific and overall survival rates were 94% (95% CI = 89-99) and 85% (95% CI = 78-92), respectively. Conclusions: Survival rates of this cohort of patients treated by EBRT combined with NA-HT were excellent despite no A-HT was given, and more than two thirds of patients maintained hormone-free status at 8 years. This approach may be an alternative to giving long-term A-HT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Wagner, Lynne I., Robert James Gray, George W. Sledge, Timothy Joseph Whelan, Daniel F. Hayes, Charles E. Geyer, Elizabeth Claire Dees, David Cella, and Joseph Sparano. "Patient-reported cognitive impairments among women with breast cancer randomly assigned to hormonal therapy (HT) alone versus chemotherapy followed by hormonal therapy (C+HT): Results from the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 9020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.9020.

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9020 Background: Cognitive impairment is a complication of chemotherapy. Perceived cognitive impairments (PCI) were prospectively assessed among TAILORx participants randomized to HT alone versus chemotherapy followed by HT (C+HT). Methods: TAILORx participants with an OncoType DX Recurrence Score 11-25 were randomly assigned to HT or C+HT. PCI, fatigue, endocrine symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) in 455 patients enrolled after 1/15/10. PCI change scores > 4.5 from baseline were defined a priori as clinically meaningful. Linear regression (LR) was used to model PCI scores on baseline PCI, treatment and other factors. Results: PCI scores were significantly worse at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to baseline for both groups (Table). The decline was greater for C+HT than HT at 3 months, but scores were similar at 12 months. Tests of an interaction between menopausal status and treatment were non-significant. PCI correlated with fatigue (r = 0.57-0.64) but not FACT Emotional well-being (EWB; r = 0.28-0.38); controlling for EWB did not account for differences in PCI change scores between treatment arms. Conclusions: Our study is the first to examine PCI among breast cancer patients randomized to receive C+HT vs. HT alone. C+HT was associated with greater declines in PCI at 3 months, but at 12 months PCI was similar in the C+HT and HT groups. PCI was associated with fatigue but not EWB. Pre- and post-menopausal groups demonstrated the same pattern of change. Since this study did not include a control group of patients not treated with HT, further study is required to determine if and to what extent HT contributes to PCI. [Table: see text]
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Lam, Lydia, Kenji Inaba, Bernardino Castelo Branco, Bradley Putty, Ali Salim, Donald J. Green, Peep Talving, and Demetrios Demetriades. "The Impact of Early Hormonal Therapy in Catastrophic Brain-Injured Patients and Its Effect on Organ Procurement." American Surgeon 78, no. 3 (March 2012): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800340.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of early hormonal therapy on organ procurement from catastrophic brain-injured patients. All catastrophic brain-injured patients admitted to a high-volume academic Level I trauma center who underwent successful organ procurement over a 3-year period (2006 to 2008) were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, those who received hormone therapy (HT) before brain death (BD) declaration and those who received HT after BD declaration. Thirty-two (60.4%) received HT before BD and 21 (39.6%) HTafter BD. Trauma was the most common cause of brain injury in both groups (before BD 96.9 vs after BD 90.5%, P = 0.324). There were no significant differences in demographics and clinical data. Patients receiving HT before BD were more hypotensive on admission (28.2 vs 9.5%, P = 0.048); however, they required vasopressors less frequently (62.5 vs 100.0%, P = 0.001), for a shorter duration (17.2 ± 16.3 hours vs 33.1 ± 34.9 hours, P = 0.043), and at a lower dosage. Time from admission to procurement did not differ between the two groups (109.8 ± 83.1 hours vs 125.0 ± 79.9 hours, P = 0.505). Patients receiving HT before BD had significantly more organs procured (4.5 ± 1.5 vs 3.5 ± 1.3, P = 0.023). Although catastrophic brain-injured patients receiving early hormonal therapy were more hypotensive, they required less vasopressors and had higher procurement rates. The early use of hormonal therapy may decrease the need for vasopressors and increase the salvage of potentially transplantable organs.
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Aizawa, Rihito, Kenji Takayama, Kiyonao Nakamura, Takahiro Inoue, Takashi Kobayashi, Shusuke Akamatsu, Toshinari Yamasaki, Osamu Ogawa, and Takashi Mizowaki. "Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy combined with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for Japanese patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.49.

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49 Background: This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with neoadjuvant (NA) hormonal therapy (HT) in Japanese patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer (NMPC). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 485 patients with T1-T4N0M0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with IMRT combined with NA-HT. Of these patients, 32, 113, 250, and 90 patients were categorized into the low-, intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk groups, respectively, according to the NCCN risk classification. NA-HT was administered over a median duration of 6 months. In principle, 74 or 78 Gy in 2 Gy per-fraction were delivered to the prostate and seminal vesicles according to the risk. We did not administer adjuvant HT (A-HT) for any patient following the completion of IMRT. Salvage HT (S-HT) commenced when prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values exceeded 4 ng/mL. Results: The median follow-up period was 103.4 months, and the median PSA value at the initiation of S-HT was 5.1 ng/mL. In the low-risk group, the 8-year biochemical relapse-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and S-HT-free (SHTF) rates were 89.7%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 96.7%, respectively. Those were 83.7%, 100.0%, 96.0%, and 94.3% for the intermediate-risk group, 64.5%, 97.8%, 87.0%, and 79.4% for the high-risk group, and 47.7%, 96.6%, 89.7%, and 53.3% for the very high-risk group, respectively. The estimated 8-year cumulative incidence rates of late gastrointestinal and genitourinary (grades 2–3) toxicity were 7.2% and 21.8%, respectively. We observed no grade 4 or higher toxicity. Conclusions: High-dose IMRT, combined with NA-HT and without A-HT under the early S-HT policy, achieved excellent survival outcomes with acceptable morbidities for a Japanese cohort with NMPC. Moreover, especially for high, and very high-risk patients, this approach could be a viable alternative to the uniform provision of long-term A-HT because more than the half of the patients maintained SHTF status over a period of 8-year after IMRT. Prospective trials are warranted to validate the findings of this study.
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Flanagan, J. R., C. Carney-Doebbeling, L. Jones, and C. Sweeney. "Metabolic syndrome predicts for shorter response to hormonal therapy in prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 4554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4554.

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4554 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) includes obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Recent studies have linked the individual components of MS to an increased risk for prostate cancer (PC) and worse PC outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 100 consecutive patients treated for prostate cancer at a Veteran’s Administration oncology clinic between 1998–2005. MS was diagnosed according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, and was present with ≥3 of 5 components: hypertension (SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg on 2 outpatient visits; obesity (BMI ≥30); hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL on 2 fasting laboratories); LDL 110 mg/dL (2 outpatient am values while not on steroids). PC variables included baseline PSA at time of PC diagnosis, PSA at initiation of hormonal therapy (HT), presence of documented metastasis at time of HT, and primary PC treatment. We examined time to PSA progression (TTP) and median overall survival (OS) for PC among patients with and without MS using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: 83 patients treated with HT for PC were identified, and 41 (49%) met criteria for MS. Median age in both groups was 68. Median TTP was 16 months with MS vs. 46 months without MS (p = 0.001). In those patients with documented metastasis (DM) at time of HT, median TTP was 11 months with MS vs. 32 months without MS (p = 0.006). OS from time of HT was 40 months with MS, and median survival time for no MS was not reached. In multivariate regression analyses, the hazard ratio (HR) for increased TTP with MS was 3.49 (95% CI 1.86–6.54). HR for TTP with documented metastasis was 5.3 (95% CI 2.65–12.8). Conclusions: This retrospective analysis suggests patients with MS treated with HT for PC have significantly shorter time to PSA progression and worse overall survival. This analysis supports the need for a prospective evaluation of MS as a risk factor for early development of HRPC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Aberbach, Irit, Liliana Schliamser, Zeev Blumenfeld, Benjamin Brenner, and Galit Sarig. "Evaluation of ProC Global assay in women with a history of venous thromboembolism on hormonal therapy." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 96, no. 11 (2006): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-05-0285.

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SummaryThe risk of thrombosis in women increases significantly during treatment with hormonal therapy (HT). The aim of this study was to evaluate ProC Global assay in women with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) while using HT. Protein C activation time normalized ratio (PCAT-NR) levels were significantly lower in 32 women with a history ofVTE while using HT (0.72 ± 0.1) compared with 56 healthy controls without HT, matched by age at blood sampling (0.99 ± 0.2) and 40 healthy controls with HT, matched by age and HT at VTE event (0.94 ± 0.2) (P<0.001 for both). PCAT-NR lower than the cut-off level of 0.8 was found in 23/32 (72%) patients compared with 5/56 (9%) age-matched controls (OR=26, 95%CI: 7-106, P<0.001) and 9/40 (22.5%) of HT-matched controls (OR=9, 95%CI: 2.7-30, P<0.001). Any thrombophilic risk factor was found in 20/32 (62.5%) of patients compared with 12/56 (21.4%) of agematched controls (OR=6, 95%CI: 2.1-10, P<0.001) and 12/40 (30%) of HT-matched controls (OR=4, 95%CI: 1.3-11.8, P=0.006).Out of the variables that are risk factors of VTE as age, HT or thrombophilic risk factor, ProC Global assay was found in the multivariate analysis - logistic regression, as the parameter that was the most associated with patient group [Exp(B)=15.8, 95% CI: 4.2-59.0, P<0.001]. In conclusion, abnormal PCAT-NR is associated with VTE in women using HT. ProC Global assay may potentially serve asa diagnostic tool for evaluating the risk of VTE in women prior to administration of HT.
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Olufade, Temitope O., Karen E. Skinner, Nicola Di Santo, Rahul A. Shenolikar, Mark Stephen Walker, and Lee Steven Schwartzberg. "Real-world effectiveness of fulvestrant monotherapy as first hormonal therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e12537-e12537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12537.

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e12537 Background: Fulvestrant is a selective estrogen receptor degrader approved as monotherapy for postmenopausal women with estrogen-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who progress following anti-estrogen therapy. The recent Phase 3 FALCON study for hormone therapy (HT) naïve women showed increased median progression-free survival (PFS) (16.6 months) in fulvestrant treated patients (pts) compared with anastrozole (13.8 months), but real-world data are lacking. This study examined the real-world effectiveness of fulvestrant monotherapy as first (L1) or second line (L2) treatment after MBC diagnosis. Methods: This was a retrospective medical record review from 10 US community oncology practices. Female pts initiated fulvestrant monotherapy as the first HT after MBC diagnosis, administered as L1 or as L2 treatment following L1 chemotherapy. Fulvestrant was initiated between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2015. Pts were classified as HT naïve; and HT relapse status: early relapse (≤12 months of adjuvant HT completion), late relapse (>12 months). Time to first chemotherapy (TTC), PFS, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: The study included 121 pts: mean (SD) age 65.7 (11.4) years, 81.8% Caucasian, 94.2% postmenopausal/undocumented, and 92.0% HER2-/undocumented. Overall, 15.7% were de novo metastatic and 86.0% initiated fulvestrant in L1. At the start of fulvestrant, 40.5% had visceral metastasis. The study results (Table 1) suggest better outcomes (TTC, PFS, OS) in HT naïve and late relapse pts, than early relapse pts. Conclusions: First line fulvestrant in the real-world setting demonstrates comparable PFS benefit to clinical trial results and appeared successful in delaying chemotherapy initiation in HT naïve and late relapse pts. This finding supports the use of fulvestrant monotherapy as the first hormonal therapy in a metastatic setting. [Table: see text]
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Lin, Jenny J., Kathie-Ann P. Joseph, Kezhen Fei, Rebeca Franco, and Nina Bickell. "Adherence to hormone treatment for breast cancer and beliefs about treatment and screening." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e11004-e11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11004.

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e11004 Background: Beliefs about medications, more than knowledge, have been found to affect medication adherence. For breast cancer patients, at least 5 years of daily adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT) improves survival but it is often difficult for women to sustain therapy. Qualitative studies suggest women take HT to prevent breast cancer recurrence. We sought to assess whether beliefs about HT and screening were associated with ongoing HT adherence. Methods: Patients with a new early-stage breast cancer enrolled in an IRB-approved RCT to reduce disparities in care in New York City were telephone surveyed 6 months after their surgical treatment for breast cancer to assess knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about breast cancer, its treatment and prevention. Adherence was defined as a positive response to “are you now taking hormonal therapy (e.g., tamoxifen, arimidex)?” Beliefs about HT and mammogram screening were assessed. Bivariate analyses were conducted with t tests, chi square or Wilcoxon rank sum tests; multivariate analysis used a stepwise logistic regression. Results: Of 333 enrolled women, 233 were recommended to take HT. Of these, 187 (80%) women were prescribed HT and 172 (92%) were still adherent 6 months after surgery. Fifty-three percent of women were bothered by side effects but all were adherent; however, of the 15 women who stopped HT, 6 (40%) stopped due to side effects. Sixteen percent of women expressed difficulty paying for HT but all were adherent. Patients adherent to HT had stronger beliefs in both HT as treatment and prevention and in the importance of regular mammograms to stay healthy. A multivariate model including race, insurance, HT knowledge and beliefs found that only beliefs about HT and mammogram screening were associated with adherence (belief about HT: OR=1.1; 95%CI: 1.03-1.11; belief about mammogram: OR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.06-2.27) [model c=.84; p<0.0001]. Conclusions: Ongoing HT adherence is related to beliefs about both treatment and screening.Adherence is not related to HT knowledge, side effects, cost, insurance or patient race. Understanding patients’ beliefs about screening and treatment may help physicians enable women to adhere to long-term therapy.
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Militello, Loredana, Paolo Carli, Vincenzo Di Lauro, Simon Spazzapan, Simona Scalone, Davide Lombardi, Alessandro Tuzi, et al. "Bevacizumab as maintenance therapy (mBev) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e22149-e22149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e22149.

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e22149 Background: Preclinical models suggest that the anti-VEGF may improve the efficacy of anti-estrogen therapies in Hormonal Receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer, but there is lack of informations about the maintenance therapy with Bev (mBev) and Hormonal Therapy (HT). Methods: sixty-one pts with HER-2 negative MBC were treated, at our institution from 2007, with Bev+Taxanes (BT) as 1stline chemotherapy and with HT in HR+ pts as maintenance therapy. Primary endpoints were the evaluation of Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). Secondary endpoint was the safety with HT in HR+ pts. Results: Hormonal status was positive in 52/61 (85%). Antracyclines were administered as adjuvant therapy in 26 pts (42%), antra+tax in 26 (42%) pts, no adjuvant therapy in 9 pts (14%). At the time of first relapse, median age was 50 y/o (range 33-72). First line HT was given to 12 pts. Metastatic sites were only bone in 20 pts (32%), visceral in 15 pts (25%), bone + visceral in 19 pts (31%), lymph nodes in 7 pts (11%). ECOG PS was 0 in 56 pts and 1 in 5. Median number of cycles of BT was 7 (1-14). All pts were evaluated for PFS and OS and 45 pts were evaluated for objective response: complete response (CR) was achieved in 5/45 pts (11%) (duration 12 months), partial response (PR) in 34/45 pts (75%) (duration 6-7 months), stable disease (SD) in 6/45 pts (14%) (6 months). After the assessment of the response, 34/61 pts received maintenance Bev (mBev); among this group, 24/34 pts with HR+ were also treated with HT until disease progression. The median number of cycles of mBev was 8 (1-42). Median PFS was 13.5 months (95%CI: 10.2-18.2) and median OS was 36 months (95%CI: 22-51). The BT regimen was well tolerated: 2 pts experienced cardiotoxicity with a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); the most common side effects were hypertension (grade 1 in 11 pts e grade 2 in 16 pts), bleeding in 8 pts, proteinuria in 7 pts (grade 1 in 5 pts and grade 2 in 2 pts). Conclusions: Hormonalmaintenance and Bev can extend the overall benefit of therapy and it is well tolerated and associated with long-term clinical outcome. Our results are encouraging for prolonging Bev in association with HT as maintenance therapy until disease progression.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hormonal therapy (HT)"

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Al, Awlaqi Ahmed [Verfasser], and M. E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hammadeh. "Examining the Relationship between Hormone Therapy (HT) and Dry-Eye-Syndrome in Post-Menopausal Women : A Cross-Sectional Comparison Study / Ahmed Al Awlaqi ; Betreuer: M.E. Hammadeh." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132581931/34.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hormonal therapy (HT)"

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Sherif, Katherine. "FAQ: Ending HT." In Hormone Therapy, 89–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6268-2_12.

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Sherif, Katherine. "FAQ: HT Prescription." In Hormone Therapy, 73–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6268-2_9.

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Sherif, Katherine. "History of HT Use: Controversies and Confusions." In Hormone Therapy, 99–113. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6268-2_14.

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Sherif, Katherine. "FAQ: HT and Other Conditions: Uterine Fibroids, Autoimmune disease, Hypothyroidism, and History of Breast Cancer." In Hormone Therapy, 93–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6268-2_13.

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Trombetta, Giulia, Monica Della Martina, Martina Venier, and Angelo Cagnacci. "Hormonal Replacement Therapy After Neoplasia Treatment." In NEOPLASIA and FERTILITY, 175–86. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050141122010012.

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Post-menopausal hormonal therapy (HT) may help to improve quality of life and prevent long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency. The use of HT in postmenopausal cancer survivors is controversial, particularly for those women having survived hormone-dependent tumors, like breast or gynecological cancers. Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecological cancer. The limited data of the literature on women having suffered from endometrial cancer do not show an increased recurrence or death with HT use, but guidelines do not yet indicate the generalized use of HT in these women. HT should be avoided in uterine sarcomas. Breast cancer survivors suffer from climacteric symptoms after menopause or as a consequence of adjuvant hormonal anti-estrogen treatment. The risk of cancer recurrence with HT is uncertain: the two randomized prospective controlled trials were prematurely stopped. Actually, clinical guidelines contraindicate HT use in breast cancer survivors. New therapeutic approach for selected symptoms such as ospemifene (a SERM molecule) can be promising. There is no strong evidence for denying HT to patients treated for ovarian cancer, independently of disease stage. Even for women with an endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, an estrogen-sensitive tumor, evidence indicates no harm from HT. More controversial is the use of HT after granulosa cell tumors. HT can be administered in women treated for squamous cancers of the cervix and the vulva or vaginal neoplasm. The approach to cervical adenocarcinoma should follow that of endometrial cancer. In conclusion, HT is not contraindicated in all women with a history of gynecological cancer, but its use is dependent on the type of cancer the woman has suffered from.
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Driscoll, Ira, Stephen R. Rapp, Karen C. Johnson, and Mark A. Espeland. "Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women." In Estrogens and Memory, 337–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645908.003.0019.

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Before 2002, hormone therapy (HT) was commonly prescribed to restore naturally diminishing hormonal levels during and after menopause. HT was also thought to prevent many health conditions faced by menopausal women, including osteoporosis, heart disease, cancer, and dementia. Support for these claims came primarily from epidemiological studies and basic research suggesting biological plausibility. Women now live a third of their life beyond ovarian function cessation. Given that cognitive impairment and dementia increase with age, increasing life expectancy may result in greater public health consequences. This chapter reviews the potential risks and benefits of HT, with a focus on cognitive function. It also discusses the implications of menopausal HT on cognitive impairment and dementia prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for aging women.
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Jha, Urvashi, Swasti Swasti, and Ruchira Jha. "Hormone Therapy (HT): Current Concepts." In Principles and Practice of Obstetrics and Gynecology for Postgraduates, 655. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10673_112.

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Anderson, Garnet L., and Ross L. Prentice. "Understanding the Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Using the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Observational Study to Improve Inference." In Causality and Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199754649.003.0009.

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Over the last decade, several large-scale randomized trials have reported results that disagreed substantially with the motivating observational studies on the value of various chronic disease–prevention strategies. One high-profile example of these discrepancies was related to postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) use and its effects on cardiovascular disease and cancer. The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute–sponsored program, was designed to test three interventions for the prevention of chronic diseases in postmenopausal women, each of which was motivated by a decade or more of analytic epidemiology. Specifically, the trials were testing the potential for HT to prevent coronary heart disease (CHD), a low-fat eating pattern to reduce breast and colorectal cancer incidence, and calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent hip fractures. Over 68,000 postmenopausal women were randomized to one, two, or all three randomized clinical trial (CT) components between 1993 and 1998 at 40 U.S. clinical centers (Anderson et al., 2003a). The HT component consisted of two parallel trials testing the effects of conjugated equine estrogens alone (E-alone) among women with prior hysterectomy and the effect of combined estrogen plus progestin therapy (E+P), in this case conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, among women with an intact uterus, on the incidence of CHD and overall health. In 2002, the randomized trial of E+P was stopped early, based on an assessment of risks exceeding benefits for chronic disease prevention, raising concerns among millions of menopausal women and their care providers about their use of these medicines. The trial confirmed the benefit of HT for fracture-risk reduction but the expected benefit for CHD, the primary study end point, was not observed. Rather, the trial results documented increased risks of CHD, stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and breast cancer with combined hormones (Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators, 2002). Approximately 18 months later, the E-alone trial was also stopped, based on the finding of an adverse effect on stroke rates and the likelihood that the study would not confirm the CHD-prevention hypothesis.
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Cristina Russu, Manuela. "Potential Therapeutic Options and Perspectives for Alleviation of Endometrial Estrogen Dominance and Progesterone Resistance in Endometriosis." In Endometriosis - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Treatments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100039.

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Endometriosis is a chronic disease, influenced by internal and external environment, with long duration from intrauterine life with acme during childbearing, when it is associated to chronic pelvic pains, and infertility/subfertility. DNA hypermethylation of endometrial promoter PRs Hox genes and DNA hypomethylation of promoter ERβ gene is a possible explanation of estrogen dominance, progressive loss of progesterone signaling, followed by progesterone resistance in ectopic, and progesterone attenuance in eutopic endometrium, for failure of hormone therapy (HT), repeated recurrences after surgery, cancers after long time evolution. Animal models, human trials demonstrated progesterone (P4) and progestins influences over progression of disease pathological characteristics, associated to endometrial ER, PR aberrant expressions: ERα loss, and abnormal PRB/PRA ratio. P4 supplementation before mice induced-endometriosis protected from PRs depletion, action that can be translated in women according to the difference of 7 to 12 years between histologic onset and clinical symptoms/signs, parallel to progressive loss of PRs and PR-mediated signaling in ectopic and eutopic endometria. The animal studies have shown that a DNA methylation inhibitor alleviates lesion growth, and induces PRs target gene expression restoration. Continuous/extended contraceptives, dienogest- a new progestin, GnRH agonists/antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, SERM, SPRM, combinated molecules are therapeutic options/perspectives aiming restoration endometrial estrogen-progesterone balance, without disease’s cure. HT may be active alone, or surgery associated.
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10

Emmett, Stevan R., Nicola Hill, and Federico Dajas-Bailador. "Gastroenterology." In Clinical Pharmacology for Prescribing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694938.003.0014.

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Nausea and vomiting can be defined, respectively, as the urge to or the actual act of expelling undigested food from the stomach. It is thought to be an evolutionary defence mechanism to protect against toxic insult (drugs or mi­crobes) and over- eating, while it can also be triggered during pregnancy, or by unpleasant sights or smells. In some instances, it may be the symptom of a more severe underlying pathology. Severity of nausea and vomiting varies considerably between individuals exposed to the same stimulus and symptoms can be highly detrimental to patient quality of life affecting not only their nutritional intake, but also mood and well- being. Although nausea itself is a subjective term, vomiting is a pathophysiological reflex triggered by the vomiting centre located in the medulla. The vomiting centre re­ceives signals from a number of afferent inputs, i.e. the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), vestibular nucleus, ab­dominal and cardiac vagal afferents, and cerebral cortex (Table 6.1). It may also be activated by hormonal triggers, which accounts for hyperemesis in pregnancy, and the increased incidence of nausea and vomiting associated with the female gender. As the vomiting centre is located close to centres responsible for salivation and breathing, vomiting is often associated with hypersalivation and hyperventilation. The CTZ is highly vascularized and lo­cated at the floor of the fourth ventricle, just outside the blood– brain barrier and, therefore, is itself directly sensi­tive to chemical stimuli. Afferent inputs activate the vomiting centre through several known neurotransmitter pathways; dopamine (D<sub>2</sub>), serotonin (5- HT<sub>3</sub>, 5- HT<sub>4</sub>), acetylcholine (ACh), and substance P (neurokinin 1; NK<sub>1</sub>). Each of which provides a potential pharmacological target in the management of nausea and vomiting, once the cause has been established. Efferent pathways from the vomiting centre induce autonomic changes, including vasoconstriction, pallor, tachycardia, salivation, sweating, and relaxation of the lower oesophagus and fundus of the stomach. In vomiting, oesophageal relaxation leads to contraction of the pyloric sphincter, thereby emptying the contents of the jejunum, duodenum, and pyloric stomach into the relaxed fundus. Coordination of muscle contraction occurs within the dia­phragm and abdomen, and retrograde contractions from the intestine then expel the contents of the fundus.
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Conference papers on the topic "Hormonal therapy (HT)"

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Wagner, Lynne I., Robert Gray, George Sledge, Tim Whelan, Daniel Hayes, Charles Geyer, E. Claire Dees, David Cella, and Joseph A. Sparano. "Abstract P2-12-02: Comorbidities and patient-reported cognitive function among women with stage I-II breast cancer randomized to hormonal therapy (HT) alone versus chemotherapy followed by hormonal therapy (C+HT) treated on theTrial Assigning IndividuaLized Options." In Abstracts: Thirty-Fifth Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 4‐8, 2012; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p2-12-02.

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Miyamoto, T., T. Fujisawa, A. Morishita, Y. Yanagita, and H. Kuwano. "Abstract P3-07-38: Increment of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be one of the useful predictive markers for the metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with first line hormonal therapy (HT)." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p3-07-38.

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Muñoz, Edgar, Cliff Despres, Pramod Sukumaran, Illeana Tiemann, Bianca Gutierrez, Victoria Paz, Devasena Inupakutica, et al. "Abstract PR09: HT Helper: mHealth app to promote hormone therapy adherence among breast cancer patients." In Abstracts: AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; October 2-4, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp20-pr09.

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4

Ellwanger, Juber Mateus, Caio Bertolini, Samuel Cavalcante Reis, Daniela Takito, and Priscila Ribas. "RECURRENT INFILTRATING DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN LEFT MASTECTOMY PLASTRON DURING PREGNANCY: A CASE REPORT." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1080.

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Introduction: Breast cancer has the highest incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate among malignant neoplasms in women worldwide (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer). Although there are well-defined treatments, they are still controversial during pregnancy: surgery seems safe and chemotherapy (CT) poses no harm to the fetus, especially if applied late in pregnancy. Hormone therapy (HT) and radiation therapy (RT) are prone to cause fetal damage. In patients diagnosed with pregnancy during treatment, there are no clear procedures about terminating the pregnancy or ceasing CT and RT. In these cases, it is necessary to monitor the patient and the fetus taking into account the woman’s will - especially if the tumor has estrogen and progesterone receptors, increasing the chance of relapsing or stop responding to CT. This study reports a case in which the hormones of pregnancy influenced a major recurrence of breast cancer, which diminished shortly after the birth. Case report: A 35-year-old woman, diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma in the left breast, underwent sectorectomy, axillary lymph nodes excision, and RT with an insufficient response. Subsequently, left tumor recurrence arose and mastectomy was performed. In the follow-up, she underwent CT and RT, with poor response. In the interim, it was discovered that the patient was pregnant, thus referred from oncology to gynecology for the interruption, since there was a considerable recurrence in the left breast plastron. Sixth -times pregnant, with five vaginal deliveries, the latest one six years before, all pregancies without complications. She was advised to terminate pregnancy but remained adamant in maintaining the pregnancy. She underwent an obstetric ultrasound showing a viable fetus of six weeks and six days of gestational age (GA). At 22 weeks of pregnancy, she was referred to the hospital by the oncologist for the interruption, as the plastron on the left breast was growing, with CT failure. The patient acknowledged that, with this GA, the fetus’s chance of survival was low. Yet, she opted for pregnancy continuation. Later she was sent by the prenatal care to the maternity hospital at 32 weeks of GA, aiming at delivery and a new CT protocol afterwards. She started corticosteroids for pulmonary development of the conceptus and endured cesarean delivery with bilateral adnexectomy. Female newborn, 1.830g, 8/9 APGAR score and 32 weeks and 5 days Capurro, transferred to the neonatal ICU (intensive care unit) due to prematurity. The patient was evaluated few months after delivery: great spontaneous resolution of the plastron in the left breast, with no effect of pregnancy hormones and responsive to CT. Follow-up in the oncology department.
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Dixon, J. Michael, Arran Turnbull, Lorna Renshaw, Megan P. Rothney, Cynthia A. Loman, Laura Arthur, Jeremy S. Thomas, et al. "Abstract P3-06-35: Association of estrogen receptor (ER) levels and prediction of antiproliferative effect of hormone therapy (HT) in lower ER-expressing tumors." In Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 9-13, 2014; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p3-06-35.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Hormonal therapy (HT)' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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