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Journal articles on the topic 'Horizontal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 March 2023

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1

Rashid, Khasraw A., and Qadri Karim Salh. "Comparison between Vertical-Horizontal and Horizontal-Vertical hybrid constructed wetlands." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 18, no. 2 (January 28, 2016): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10512.

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Šparaga, Ol’ga. "Vertikal oder horizontal." osteuropa 70, no. 10-11 (2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2020-0078.

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Dickens, P. M. "[ellipsis (horizontal)]useful[ellipsis (horizontal)]." Production Engineer 64, no. 6 (1985): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/tpe.1985.0137.

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4

Suil Cerda, Mauricio. "Sobre la tendencia prospectiva en la Temporalidad heideggeriana." Hermenéutica Intercultural, no. 26 (March 30, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196504.26.507.

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Resumen:La siguiente reflexión se abocará a revelar el carácter del tiempo desde su dinámica extático-horizontal, atendiendo a su tendencia prospectiva en el marco de Ser y Tiempo. Se analizan los momentos de articulación extático-horizontal como un punto particularmente relevante para apre- ciar la marcada tendencia prospectiva del tiempo heideggeriano. Luego, emerge el problema de la tradición como fenómeno constitutivo en pers- pectiva, ya no de una tendencia prospectiva, sino desde un movimiento eminentemente retroproyectivo.Palabras clave: temporariedad - temporeidad - éxtasis - esquemas horizontales - tradiciónAbstract:The following reflection will be focused entirely on revealing the nature of time from its ecstatic-horizontal dynamics, addressing to its forward- looking tendency in the framework of Being and Time. The moments of ecstatic-horizontal articulation are analyzed as a particularly relevant point to appreciate the marked forward-looking tendency of Heideggerian time. Then, the problem of tradition emerges as a constitutive phenomenon in perspective, not from a forward-looking tendency, but from an eminently retroprojective movement.Keywords: temporareity - temporeity - ecstasy - horizontal schemes - traditionResumo:A seguinte reflexão apontará revelar o caráter do tempo desde sua dinâmi- ca extático-horizontal, atendendo sua tendência prospetiva no marco de Ser e Tempo. Analisam-se os momentos de articulação extático-horizontal como um ponto particularmente importante para apreciar a tendência prospetiva de tempo heideggeriano. Logo, surge o problema da tradição como fenômeno constitutivo em perspectiva, já não desde uma tendência prospetiva, mas a partir de um movimento eminentemente retro projetivo.Palavras-chave: temporariedade - temporalidade - êxtases - esquemas horizontais - tradição

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Ma, Hui-Ing, Wen-Juh Hwang, Shao-Hsia Chang, and Tsui-Ying Wang. "Progressive Micrographia Shown in Horizontal, but not Vertical, Writing in Parkinson’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 27, no. 2 (2013): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/212675.

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All published studies on micrographia, a diminution of letter size, examine handwriting in the horizontal direction. Writing horizontally typically requires increased wrist extension as handwriting progresses from left to right. Chinese characters, however, can be written not only horizontally from left to right, but also vertically from top to bottom. We examined the effect of handwriting direction on character size and stroke length. Fifteen participants with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 15 age-matched controls wrote the same Chinese characters both horizontally and vertically. Handwriting performance was recorded with a digitizing tablet, and a custom-written computer program was used to provide objective data about character size and stroke length. The PD group had a linear decrease in overall character size and horizontal strokes along the writing sequence in the horizontal direction, but not in the vertical direction. The controls had shorter horizontal strokes in the horizontal than the vertical direction, but there was no progressive shortening of stroke length along the writing sequence. The results suggest that traditionally reported progressive micrographia in horizontal writing may not be generalizable to vertical writing. The observed decrease of handwriting size in the horizontal direction suggests that micrographia in PD may be associated with wrist extension. For clinical implications, patients may mitigate their micrographia by changing handwriting direction.

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BERNAL QUEVEDO, NUBIA, MARIO HEIMER FLÓREZ GUZMÁN, and FEIBERT ALIRIO GUZMÁN PÉREZ. "SOSTENIBILIDAD Y PROPIEDAD HORIZONTAL." Pensamiento Republicano 7 (July 10, 2017): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/pen.repub.2017.n7.a24.

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Currie, Thomas E., Simon J. Greenhill, and Ruth Mace. "Is horizontal transmission really a problem for phylogenetic comparative methods? A simulation study using continuous cultural traits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1559 (December 12, 2010): 3903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0014.

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Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide a potentially powerful toolkit for testing hypotheses about cultural evolution. Here, we build on previous simulation work to assess the effect horizontal transmission between cultures has on the ability of both phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic methods to make inferences about trait evolution. We found that the mode of horizontal transmission of traits has important consequences for both methods. Where traits were horizontally transmitted separately , PCMs accurately reported when trait evolution was not correlated even at the highest levels of horizontal transmission. By contrast, linear regression analyses often incorrectly concluded that traits were correlated. Where simulated trait evolution was not correlated and traits were horizontally transmitted as a pair , both methods inferred increased levels of positive correlation with increasing horizontal transmission. Where simulated trait evolution was correlated, increasing rates of separate horizontal transmission led to decreasing levels of inferred correlation for both methods, but increasing rates of paired horizontal transmission did not. Furthermore, the PCM was also able to make accurate inferences about the ancestral state of traits. These results suggest that under certain conditions, PCMs can be robust to the effects of horizontal transmission. We discuss ways that future work can investigate the mode and tempo of horizontal transmission of cultural traits.

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Scherbakova, Sveta. "Horizontal caring: the alternative to horizontal violence?" Collegian 2, no. 4 (January 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60128-6.

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9

Díaz González, Luis Fernando, Gerardo Andrés Torres Casierra, and Efraín del Risco Moreno. "Generador de un vórtice horizontal confinado." Ingeniería y Desarrollo 35, no. 1 (January 15, 2017): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/inde.35.1.8942.

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10

Mittelman, Harry, and Nathan Schreiber. "The Horizontal Neck Lift." Facial Plastic Surgery 33, no. 03 (June 2017): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598054.

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AbstractThe horizontal neck lift is a procedure involving direct excision of a horizontally oriented ellipse of skin from the neck. This procedure was developed for neck rejuvenation in patients with significant horizontal creases and excess skin of the middle and lower neck, areas that often cannot be adequately addressed with traditional techniques. This article describes the procedure, indications, patient counseling, and postoperative care in detail from the senior author's (H. M.) experience.

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11

Kowalik, Pawel. "Horizontal fiscal imbalance in Germany." Business and Economic Horizons 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2015.01.

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12

Gorham, Sarah. "Moving Horizontal." Iowa Review 39, no. 1 (April 2009): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6651.

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13

Spain, Chris. "Horizontal Light." Antioch Review 46, no. 1 (1988): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4611816.

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14

Jacopini, Juliano Ricci. "Teatro horizontal." Pitágoras 500 11, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/pita.v11i1.8663791.

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Tratarei da perspectiva teatro horizontal refletida, defendida e experienciada pela Cia. Labirinto de Teatro, elaborada através de uma década junto ao Festival Internacional de Arte-Educação Fronteiras Brasil, estabelecendo um diálogo entre arte e comunidade a partir de um trabalho via partilha de experiências, que apanha os princípios da autoficção como ato criativo poético e político.

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15

Guichard, Raul. "Propriedade Horizontal." Review of Business and Legal Sciences, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.26537/rebules.v0i3.781.

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Pretende o consulente saber quem há-de suportar as despesas necessárias à impermeabilização, a fim de evitar infiltrações de águas, de um terraço de um prédio dividido em vários andares (rectius, em fracções no regime de propriedade horizontal). Sendo certo que as obras requeridas se destinam unicamente a acautelar danos nalguns andares inferiores, aos quais o terraço, situado ao nível de um pavimento intermédio, serve de cobertura. Terão os encargos referidos que ser pagos (por inteiro) pelo proprietário da fracção onde, segundo o título constituitivo da propriedade horizontal, se integra o terraço?

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16

Spiegel, Yossef. "Horizontal Subcontracting." RAND Journal of Economics 24, no. 4 (1993): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555746.

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LAM, C. S. "HORIZONTAL SYMMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 21 (August 20, 2008): 3371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042146.

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18

Thiele, Graham, André Devaux, Claudio Velasco, and Douglas Horton. "Horizontal Evaluation." American Journal of Evaluation 28, no. 4 (December 2007): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214007308989.

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19

Wilson, Barbara L., and Connie Phelps. "Horizontal Hostility." JONA’S Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation 15, no. 1 (2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhl.0b013e3182861503.

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&NA;. "Horizontal Hostility." JONA’S Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation 15, no. 1 (2013): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhl.0b013e31828c8c1f.

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21

Thomas, Sandra P. "‘Horizontal Hostility’." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 103, no. 10 (October 2003): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200310000-00038.

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22

Bailey, Lorraine D. "Horizontal Hostility." Advances in Neonatal Care 13, no. 1 (February 2013): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/anc.0b013e31827fc984.

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23

Amrein, Kathleen R. "Horizontal violence." Nursing 42, no. 9 (September 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000418620.83970.1c.

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Simpson, Kathleen Rice. "Horizontal Hostility." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 33, no. 5 (September 2008): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmc.0000334910.31625.8e.

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25

Rosen, Eva. "Horizontal Immobility." American Sociological Review 82, no. 2 (March 7, 2017): 270–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122417695841.

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While poor families experience high residential instability, they also stay put for extended periods of time before moving. When they do move, they are likely to move laterally to a similarly disadvantaged place. These two processes—staying in place and churning—amount to “horizontal immobility.” Why do people get stuck in disadvantaged environments? Prevailing understandings focus on constraints to residential choice, but even under limitations, families make active residential decisions. Drawing on fieldwork with 50 renters in a low-income, high-crime Baltimore neighborhood, this article proposes that neighborhoods themselves shape narratives governing residential decision-making. In high-crime neighborhoods, renters stay put as long as they can craft a story that justifies remaining. But when the narrative is ruptured by violent events, residents are pushed to action, often a move. The logic behind these moves is motivated by a desire to restore a sense of safety. The concept of “narrative rupture” sheds light on when a family decides to move, representing a mechanism for how residential decisions are shaped by neighborhood forces to reproduce poverty. This concept also contributes to theories of how culture shapes action: we are most likely to act when the narratives supporting our current course of action break down.

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26

KIDWELL, M. "Horizontal transfer." Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 2, no. 6 (1992): 868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80109-1.

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27

Kidwell, Margaret G. "Horizontal transfer." Current Biology 2, no. 12 (December 1992): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-9822(92)90099-v.

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28

Salman, A., A. Eser, I. Kaygusuz Atagunduz, and T. Ergun. "Horizontal melanonychia." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 108, no. 5 (June 2017): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2016.01.031.

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29

Hughes, Graham O., and Ross W. Griffiths. "Horizontal Convection." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 40, no. 1 (January 2008): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102148.

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30

GALBIATI, ROBERTO, and PIETRO VERTOVA. "Horizontal Equity." Economica 75, no. 298 (May 2008): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00603.x.

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Salman, A., A. Eser, I. Kaygusuz Atagunduz, and T. Ergun. "Horizontal melanonychia." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas 108, no. 5 (June 2017): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ad.2016.01.014.

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32

Henderson, Schuyler W. "Horizontal Identities." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 52, no. 4 (April 2013): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.008.

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33

Gurevich, Alexander E., and George V. Chilingarian. "Horizontal wells." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (September 1992): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-4105(92)90054-5.

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34

Smith, Jeanette M. "Horizontal Fields." JAMA 309, no. 7 (February 20, 2013): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.176139.

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35

Eshagh, Mehdi, and Mohsen Romeshkani. "Generation of vertical–horizontal and horizontal–horizontal gravity gradients using stochastically modified integral estimators." Advances in Space Research 48, no. 8 (October 2011): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.06.018.

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36

Chen, Ji Wen, Hong Juan Yang, Fu Sheng Yu, and Han Zhang. "Innovation Design of Elevator for Continuous and Discrete Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.447.

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The traditional elevator can only achieve vertical transportation task in the elevator shaft and can not achieve horizontal movement, which leads to that the elevator can not achieve horizontal transportation tasks in buildings. In order to further improve convenience and comfort of elevator transport, the new structure and operation mode of elevator are studied in this paper. Firstly, two types of building are defined: continuous type and discrete type. Then, based on the classification of building type, the structure and operation mode of elevator with function of vertical and horizontal travel are studied. In order to realize the horizontal movement of elevator for continuous buildings, horizontal motion of whole elevator or horizontal motion of car alone can be adopted. For buildings of discrete type, the feasible scheme is to separately drive the car horizontally run to realize the horizontal travel of elevator. The innovation design of elevator will have some help in the design and study of new elevator.

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37

Walty, Ivete Lara Camargos. "Antropofagias horizontais: Silviano e Machado /Horizontal Anthtopophagies: Silviano and Machado." O Eixo e a Roda: Revista de Literatura Brasileira 31, no. 1 (June 4, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2358-9787.31.1.7-27.

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Resumo: Na pesquisa “Territorialidades literárias: projetos em diálogo”, tenho investigado a configuração de projetos de escrita de autores brasileiros em sua relação com os conceitos de literatura, nação, intelectual/escritor e sua atuação no espaço público, considerando sempre suas transformações no horizonte da relação estética, ética e política. Para isso, utilizo como operadores de leitura os conceitos de território, mapa, circuito, recursividade e movimentos antropofágicos. Considerando com Raffestin (1993, apud CANDIOTTO; SANTOS, 2008, p. 160) que a territorialidade pode ser definida como um conjunto de relações que se originam num sistema tridimensional sociedade-espaço-tempo, no presente trabalho estudo a relação entre as obras de Silviano Santiago e Machado de Assis, traçando esboços de seus projetos literários, tomados por si mesmos como territorialidades. Busco, então, investigar as metáforas que articulam a construção dos textos de Santiago em sua composição híbrida, traçando também sinalizadores de territorialidades outras, sobretudo aquelas que dizem respeito ao lugar da literatura no Brasil, seus agentes e objetos. Palavras-chave: metáforas; movimentos antropofágicos; projetos literários; territorialidades. Abstract: In the research “Literary territorialities: projects in dialogue”, I have investigated the configuration of writing projects by Brazilian authors regarding their relationship with the concepts of literature, nation, intellectual/writer and their performance in the public space, always considering their transformations in the horizon of the aesthetic, ethical and political relationship. For such, I have used the concepts of territory, map, circuit, recursion, and anthropophagic movements as reading operators. Based on Raffestin (1993, apud CANDIOTTO; SANTOS, 2008, p. 160) that territoriality can be defined as a set of relationships that originate in a three-dimensional system of society-space-time, in this work, I analyze the relationship between the works of Silviano Santiago and Machado de Assis, outlining their literary projects, given by themselves as territorialities. Thus, I aim at investigating the metaphors that articulate the construction of Santiago’s texts in their hybrid composition, as well as delineating signs of other territorialities, especially those that concern the place of literature in Brazil, its agents and objects. Keywords: metaphors; anthropophagic movements; literary projects; territorialities.

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38

Jongkittinarukorn, Kittiphong, Djebbar Tiab, and Freddy Humberto Escobar. "Análisis de presión y derivada de presión sin curvas tipo para un pozo horizontal en un yacimiento de dos capas." Ingeniería y Región 4 (December 30, 2006): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/22161325.841.

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Este artículo presenta tres aplicaciones diferentes para interpretar pruebas de presión en pozos horizontales eliminando el uso de las curvas tipo excluyendo efectos de almacenamiento y daño. Esta metodología, primero introducida por Tiab’ en 1993, fue extendida Jongkittinarukorn para proporcionar una herramienta de pruebas de presión para (a) pozo horizontal en un yacimiento de dos capas con flujo cruzado, (b) pozo horizontal interceptando un yacimiento de dos capas, y c) pozo horizontal ondulando en un yacimiento de dos capas.

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39

Banks, Martin S., William W. Sprague, Jürgen Schmoll, Jared A. Q. Parnell, and Gordon D. Love. "Why do animal eyes have pupils of different shapes?" Science Advances 1, no. 7 (August 2015): e1500391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500391.

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There is a striking correlation between terrestrial species’ pupil shape and ecological niche (that is, foraging mode and time of day they are active). Species with vertically elongated pupils are very likely to be ambush predators and active day and night. Species with horizontally elongated pupils are very likely to be prey and to have laterally placed eyes. Vertically elongated pupils create astigmatic depth of field such that images of vertical contours nearer or farther than the distance to which the eye is focused are sharp, whereas images of horizontal contours at different distances are blurred. This is advantageous for ambush predators to use stereopsis to estimate distances of vertical contours and defocus blur to estimate distances of horizontal contours. Horizontally elongated pupils create sharp images of horizontal contours ahead and behind, creating a horizontally panoramic view that facilitates detection of predators from various directions and forward locomotion across uneven terrain.

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40

León, Manuel de, and Ercüment Ortaçgil. "On frames defined by horizontal spaces." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 46, no. 2 (1996): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1996.127287.

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41

Boto, Luis. "Horizontal gene transfer in the acquisition of novel traits by metazoans." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1777 (February 22, 2014): 20132450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2450.

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Horizontal gene transfer is accepted as an important evolutionary force modulating the evolution of prokaryote genomes. However, it is thought that horizontal gene transfer plays only a minor role in metazoan evolution. In this paper, I critically review the rising evidence on horizontally transferred genes and on the acquisition of novel traits in metazoans. In particular, I discuss suspected examples in sponges, cnidarians, rotifers, nematodes, molluscs and arthropods which suggest that horizontal gene transfer in metazoans is not simply a curiosity. In addition, I stress the scarcity of studies in vertebrates and other animal groups and the importance of forthcoming studies to understand the importance and extent of horizontal gene transfer in animals.

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42

Gu, Hanyang, and Liejin Guo. "Bubble shape in horizontal and near horizontal intermittent flow." Annals of Nuclear Energy 80 (June 2015): 312–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2015.01.040.

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43

Liu, Wei Kai, Ming Xing Song, Zi Yi Xu, and Xue Hong Zhang. "The Analysis of Horizontal Extension Capability in Horizontal Wells." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1745.

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It is critical to understand whether the available drilling assembly could meet the requirements of drilling design during the design and drilling of horizontal wells. This paper pointed out several limitations on horizontal extension capability of horizontal wells and provided judging criteria of the limit of horizontal extension based upon the characteristics of horizontal wells, and set up the gap element model analyzing torque and dragged of whole drill strings in horizontal wells. According to the force analysis of drill strings in bores given the foundation for regularities in the distribution of torque and drag force along the axis, on the basis of those above mentioned models and theories, a software was made to calculate the torque and drag force of a well, which compared with the field data, the average discrepancies of theoretical values are below 20% that could meet the needs in field works.

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44

Tan, Kang Hai, and Xiao Ping Yang. "Horizontal Connection and Horizontal Mean Curvature in Carnot Groups." Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series 22, no. 3 (August 15, 2005): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10114-005-0572-y.

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45

Dwiyatmi, Sri Harini. "ASAS PEMISAHAN HORIZONTAL (HORIZONTALE SCHEIDING BEGINSEL) DAN ASAS PERLEKATAN (VERTICALE ACCESSIE) DALAM HUKUM AGRARIA NASIONAL." Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2020): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2020.v5.i1.p125-144.

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Hukum Agraria Nasional atau Hukum Tanah Nasional yang dituangkan dalam UU No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-pokok Agraria dibangun dari hukum adat sebagai asli hukum bangsa Indonesia menjadikan konsepsi-konsepsi, asas, kaidah dalam hukum adat yang tidak bertentangan dengan jiwa bangsa Indonesia berlaku untuk membangun hukum agraria nasional sejak tahun 1960. Termasuk di dalamnya asas pemisahan horizontal dianut oleh UUPA. Ternyata penganutan asas pemisahan horizontal ini tidaklah mutlak, sebab berlaku juga asas perlekatan atau verticale accessie. Sejak awal hukum agraria nasional mengatur asas horizontale scheiding beginsel juga verticale accessie. Tulisan ini hendak menunjukkan perwujudan asas pemisahan horizontal dan verticale accessie terletak di mana dalam hukum agraria nasional ini.

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46

Pettet, Mark W. "Spatial Interactions Modulate Stereoscopic Processing of Horizontal and Vertical Disparities." Perception 26, no. 6 (June 1997): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260693.

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Stereoscopic processing of horizontal and vertical disparities was assessed by measuring how the stereoscopic appearance of test dots near the fixation point was influenced by inducing stimuli in the near periphery. The inducing stimuli were differentially magnified in the two eyes and varied in horizontal eccentricity. As expected, when the inducers were horizontally magnified, the test dots exhibited depth contrast, slanting in depth in a direction opposite the slant of the inducing dots. When the inducers were vertically magnified, the test dots slanted in depth around a vertical axis toward the eye with the larger vertical image (the induced-size effect). However, two lines of evidence suggested that an eccentricity-dependent weighted average of horizontal and vertical components of inducer-dot magnification determined the slant of the test dots. First, as the horizontal eccentricity of the inducing dots was varied, the trend of test-dot slants measured with vertical inducer magnifications was predicted by the trend of test-dot slants measured with horizontal inducer magnifications. Second, test-dot slants measured with a combination of both horizontal and vertical inducer magnification could be predicted by simply adding test-dot slants measured with either horizontal or vertical inducer magnification alone.

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47

von Clarmann, T., C. De Clercq, M. Ridolfi, M. Höpfner, and J. C. Lambert. "The horizontal resolution of MIPAS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-2-47-2009.

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Abstract. Limb remote sensing from space provides atmospheric composition measurements at high vertical resolution while the information is smeared in the horizontal domain. The horizontal components of two-dimensional (altitude and along-track coordinate) averaging kernels of a limb retrieval constrained to horizontal homogeneity can be used to estimate the horizontal resolution of limb retrievals. This is useful for comparisons of measured data with modeled data, to construct horizontal observation operators in data assimilation applications or when measurements of different horizontal resolution are intercompared. We present these averaging kernels for retrievals of temperature, H2O, O3, CH4, N2O, HNO3 and NO2 from MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) high-resolution limb emission spectra. The horizontal smearing of a MIPAS retrieval in terms of full width at half maximum of the rows of the horizontal averaging kernel matrix varies typically between about 200 and 350 km for most species, altitudes and atmospheric conditions. The range where 95% of the information originates from varies from about 260 to 440 km for these cases. This information spread is smaller than the MIPAS horizontal sampling, i.e. MIPAS data are horizontally undersampled, and the effective horizontal resolution is driven by the sampling rather than the smearing. The point where the majority of the information originates from is displaced from the tangent point towards the satellite by typically less than 10 km for trace gas profiles and about 50 to 100 km for temperature, with a few exceptions for uppermost altitudes. The geolocation of a MIPAS profile is defined as the tangent point of the middle line of sight in a MIPAS limb scan. The majority of the information displacement with respect to this nominal geolocation of the measurement is caused by the satellite movement and the geometrical displacement of the actual tangent point as a function of the elevation angle.

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48

Saputri, Delia, and Eni Kaharti. "Analisis Perbandingan Dampak Sebelum dan Sesudah Merger Horizontal Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan di Indonesia Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2014-2019." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA) 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v4i2.70.

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This study aims to compare the impact before and after horizontal mergers on Net Profit Margin (NPM), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). The population of this study are companies that have horizontally merged and are listed on the IDX for the period 2014-2019 with a total of 90 companies. By using the purposive sampling method, 8 companies that have performed horizontal mergers were taken. The analysis technique used is hypothesis testing using paired sample t test. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant comparison of the impact before and after the horizontal merger on Net Profit Margin (NPM), there is no significant comparison of the impact before and after the horizontal merger on Operating Profit Margin (OPM), there is no significant comparison. on the impact before and after the horizontal merger on the Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR), and there is a significant comparison on the impact before and after the horizontal merger on the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER).

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De Waard, Jasper M., Erik Van der Burg, and Christian N. L. Olivers. "A Thickness Illusion: Horizontal Is Perceived as Thicker than Vertical." Vision 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3010001.

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We report two psychophysical experiments that investigate a visual illusion that is considered common knowledge among type designers, but has never been studied scientifically. Specifically, the thickness of a horizontal line is overestimated in relation to that of a vertical line. Experiment 1 confirmed the existence of the illusion. In Experiment 2, we replicated the effect and showed that the illusion is closely related to the vertical-horizontal illusion, in which the length of a vertical line is overestimated in comparison to a horizontal one. Both the overestimation of thickness and length is larger when the stimulus is surrounded by a horizontally elongated frame, as opposed to a vertically elongated frame. We discuss potential explanations for the thickness illusion and its relation to the vertical-horizontal illusion.

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Straughan, B. "Horizontally isotropic double porosity convection." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2221 (January 2019): 20180672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0672.

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We analyse instability and nonlinear stability in a layer of saturated double porosity medium. In a double porosity or bidisperse porous medium, there are normal pores which give rise to a macroporosity. But, there are also cracks or fissures in the solid skeleton and these give arise to another porosity known as micro porosity. In this paper, the macropermeability is horizontally isotropic, in the sense that the vertical component of permeability is different to the horizontal one which is the same in all horizontal directions. Thus, the permeability is transversely isotropic with the isotropy axis in the vertical direction of gravity. We also allow the micro permeability to be horizontally isotropic, but the permeability ratios of vertical to horizontal are different in the macro- and micro-phases. The effect of the difference of ratios is examined in detail.

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