Relevant bibliographies by topics / Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)

Academic literature on the topic 'Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)"

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Wang, Pengfei, Paolo Zimmaro, Tristan E. Buckreis, Tatiana Gospe, Scott J. Brandenberg, Sean K. Ahdi, Alan Yong, and Jonathan P. Stewart. "Relational Database for Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios." Seismological Research Letters 93, no. 2A (December 29, 2021): 1075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210128.

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Abstract Frequency-dependent horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) of Fourier amplitudes from three-component recordings can provide useful information for site response modeling. However, such information is not incorporated into most ground-motion models, including those from Next-Generation Attenuation projects, which instead use the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m of the site and sediment depth terms. To facilitate utilization of HVSR, we developed a publicly accessible relational database. This database is adapted from a similar repository for VS data and provides microtremor-based HVSR data (mHVSR) and supporting metadata, but not parameters derived from the data. Users can interact with the data directly within a web portal that contains a graphical user interface (GUI) or through external tools that perform cloud-based computations. Within the database GUI, the median horizontal-component mHVSR can be plotted against frequency, with the mean and mean ± one standard deviation (representing variability across time windows) provided. Using external interactive tools (provided as a Jupyter Notebook and an R script), users can replot mHVSR (as in the database) or create polar plots. These tools can also derive parameters of potential interest for modeling purposes, including a binary variable indicating whether an mHVSR plot contains peaks, as well as the fitted properties of those peaks (frequencies, amplitudes, and widths). Metadata are also accessible, which includes site location, details about the instruments used to make the measurements, and data processing information related to windowing, antitrigger routines, and filtering.
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Bahavar, Manochehr, Zack J. Spica, Francisco J. Sánchez-Sesma, Chad Trabant, Arash Zandieh, and Gabriel Toro. "Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) IRIS Station Toolbox." Seismological Research Letters 91, no. 6 (August 19, 2020): 3539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200047.

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Abstract The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) for seismic ambient noise is a popular method that can be used to estimate the predominant frequency at a given site. In this article, we introduce the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center’s (DMC’s) openly available HVSR station toolbox. These tools offer a variety of ways to compute the spectral ratio by providing different averaging routines. The options range from the simple average of spectral ratios to the ratio of spectral averages. Computations take advantage of the available power spectral density estimates of ambient noise for the seismic stations, and they can be used to estimate the predominant frequency of the many three-component seismic stations available from the IRIS DMC. Furthermore, to facilitate the identification of the peaks in HVSR profiles for the assessment of the predominant frequency of station sites, the toolbox can also process the results of HVSR analysis to detect and rank HVSR peaks. To highlight the toolbox capabilities, three different examples of possible use of this toolbox for routine site-effect analysis are discussed: (1) site effects related to thawing in Arctic regions, (2) ground-motion amplification in urban area, and (3) estimation of station VS30.
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Picozzi, M. "Statistical Analysis of Noise Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR)." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 1779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040152.

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Mi, Binbin, Yue Hu, Jianghai Xia, and Laura Valentina Socco. "Estimation of horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (ellipticity) of Rayleigh waves from multistation active-seismic records." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): EN81—EN92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0651.1.

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The horizontal-to-vertical spectral-ratio (HVSR) analysis of ambient noise recordings is a popular reconnaissance tool used worldwide for seismic microzonation and earthquake site characterization. We have expanded this single-station passive HVSR technique to active multicomponent data. We focus on the calculation of the HVSR of Rayleigh waves from active-seismic records. We separate different modes of Rayleigh waves in seismic dispersion spectra and then estimate the HVSR for the fundamental mode. The mode separation is implemented in the frequency-phase velocity ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) domain through the high-resolution linear Radon transformation. The estimated Rayleigh-wave HVSR curve after mode separation is consistent with the theoretical HVSR curve, which is computed by solving the Rayleigh-wave eigenproblem in the laterally homogeneous layered medium. We find that the HVSR peak and trough frequencies are very sensitive to velocity contrast and interface depth and that HVSR curves contain information on lateral velocity variations. Using synthetic and field data, we determine the validity of estimating active Rayleigh-wave HVSR after mode separation. Our approach can be a viable and more accurate alternative to the empirical HVSR analysis method and brings a novel approach for the analysis of active multicomponent seismic data.
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HANSAWANGKIT, Supakorn, and Teraphan ORNTHAMMARATH. "Characteristic of Northern Thailand Seismic Stations from Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) Analysis." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.10737.

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Several major cities in Northern Thailand are located on a sedimentary basin, which could amplify ground motion from future earthquakes as they lie along several active faults. To study the seismic response and natural periods of these basins, a Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) for each seismic station in Northern Thailand has been proposed. Several observed ground motion from moderate to small seismic events in and around Northern Thailand were used in this analysis. Several seismometers (TSA-100S, Trillium-120, PA-23, S-13 and KS 2000) of the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) and Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) with triaxial digital accelerometer data were used. The 3 axis digital accelerometers (2-horizontal and vertical) were converted to Fourier amplitude spectral (FAS) in order to find basin natural period by Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). This research investigates 6 stations in Northern Thailand with at least 10 observed ground motions for each station. We found that the natural period of three stations (CRAI, PAYA and PHRA) showed strong site amplification effect at low natural period (between 0.1 - 0.2 s with an amplitude larger than 2). The natural period of CMMT and MHIT stations were insignificant since CMMT and MHIT were located on the rocks. Lastly, we observed long natural period for CMCA station located in Chiang Mai basin around 2.50 s with an amplitude larger than 3. Furthermore, the computed site natural periods were compared with the average top 30 m shear wave velocity (Vs30) based on the data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) to find the type of soil in each area.
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Chávez-García, Francisco J., Miguel Rodríguez, Edward H. Field, and Denis Hatzfeld. "Topographic site effects. A comparison of two nonreference methods." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870061667.

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Abstract We present an experimental study of topographic site effects. The data we use come from an experiment carried out during the summer of 1989, in Epire (northern Greece). Ten digital stations recorded a total of 68 small earthquakes. A recent article (Chávez-García et al., 1996) presented a comparison between site effects determined using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) for this data set and theoretical modeling. In this note, we compare the topographic site effects determined using HVSR with another, independent, experimental estimate: a generalized inversion scheme (GIS). Neither HVSR nor GIS depend on the availability of a reference site. We obtain a very good agreement between both estimates of topographic site effects for both horizontal components. Our results support the use of HVSR to determine topographic site effects.
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Rong, Mianshui, Xiaojun Li, and Lei Fu. "Improvement of the objective function in the velocity structure inversion based on horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of earthquake ground motions." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa347.

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SUMMARY Given the improvements that have been made in the forward calculations of seismic noise horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (NHVSRs) or earthquake ground motion HVSRs (EHVSRs), a number of HVSR inversion methods have been proposed to identify underground velocity structures. Compared with the studies on NHVSR inversion, the research on the EHVSR-based inversion methods is relatively rare. In this paper, to make full use of the widely available and constantly accumulating strong-motion observation data, we propose an S-wave HVSR inversion method based on diffuse-field approximation. Herein, the S-wave components of earthquake ground motion recordings are considered as data source. Improvements to the objective function has been achieved in this work. An objective function with the slope term is introduced. The new objective function can mitigate the multisolution phenomenon encountered when working with HVSR curves with multipeaks. Then, a synthetic case is used to show the verification of the proposed method and this method has been applied to invert underground velocity structures for six KiK-net stations based on earthquake observations. The results show that the proposed S-wave EHVSR inversion method is effective for identifying underground velocity structures.
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Tchawe, F. N., B. Froment, M. Campillo, and L. Margerin. "On the use of the coda of seismic noise autocorrelations to compute H/V spectral ratios." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (December 6, 2019): 1956–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz553.

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SUMMARY The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of seismic ambient noise has been proven to be a fast and efficient method for characterizing the 1-D resonance frequency of the local subsurface in a practical framework. Over the last decades, theories have been developed in order to extend the exploitation of HVSR beside the frequency of its first peak, notably the diffuse field assumption (DFA) which links the HVSR to the Green’s function of the local medium assuming the diffuseness of the seismic ambient noise wavefield. However, the underlying assumption of the seismic ambient noise being a diffuse, equipartitioned field may not be satisfied under certain circumstances. In order to exploit the contribution of scattering in forging diffuse wave fields, we leverage the advantages of coda waves and present a novel procedure for computing the HVSR, using the coda part of ambient noise correlations. We applied this technique to data gathered at the plio-quaternary sedimentary basin of Argostoli, Greece. Results on this data set show the potential of the method to improve the temporal stability of the HVSR measurements compared to the classical computation, and the fit with the theoretical HVSR curve derived from the DFA theory. These results suggest that this procedure could help in extracting physical information from the HVSR and thus could lead to an extended use of these measurements to characterize the mechanical properties of the medium.
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Neukirch, Maik, Antonio García-Jerez, Antonio Villaseñor, Francisco Luzón, Jacques Brives, and Laurent Stehly. "On the Utility of Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios of Ambient Noise in Joint Inversion with Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curves for the Large-N Maupasacq Experiment." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175946.

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Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios (HVSR) and Rayleigh group velocity dispersion curves (DC) can be used to estimate the shallow S-wave velocity (VS) structure. Knowing the VS structure is important for geophysical data interpretation either in order to better constrain data inversions for P-wave velocity (VP) structures such as travel time tomography or full waveform inversions or to directly study the VS structure for geo-engineering purposes (e.g., ground motion prediction). The joint inversion of HVSR and dispersion data for 1D VS structure allows characterising the uppermost crust and near surface, where the HVSR data (0.03 to 10s) are most sensitive while the dispersion data (1 to 30s) constrain the deeper model which would, otherwise, add complexity to the HVSR data inversion and adversely affect its convergence. During a large-scale experiment, 197 three-component short-period stations, 41 broad band instruments and 190 geophones were continuously operated for 6 months (April to October 2017) covering an area of approximately 1500km2 with a site spacing of approximately 1 to 3km. Joint inversion of HVSR and DC allowed estimating VS and, to some extent density, down to depths of around 1000m. Broadband and short period instruments performed statistically better than geophone nodes due to the latter’s gap in sensitivity between HVSR and DC. It may be possible to use HVSR data in a joint inversion with DC, increasing resolution for the shallower layers and/or alleviating the absence of short period DC data, which may be harder to obtain. By including HVSR to DC inversions, confidence improvements of two to three times for layers above 300m were achieved. Furthermore, HVSR/DC joint inversion may be useful to generate initial models for 3D tomographic inversions in large scale deployments. Lastly, the joint inversion of HVSR and DC data can be sensitive to density but this sensitivity is situational and depends strongly on the other inversion parameters, namely VS and VP. Density estimates from a HVSR/DC joint inversion should be treated with care, while some subsurface structures may be sensitive, others are clearly not. Inclusion of gravity inversion to HVSR/DC joint inversion may be possible and prove useful.
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Zhu, Chuanbin, Fabrice Cotton, Dong-Youp Kwak, Kun Ji, Hiroshi Kawase, and Marco Pilz. "Within-site variability in earthquake site response." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 1268–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab481.

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SUMMARY The within-site variability in site response is the randomness in site response at a given site from different earthquakes and is treated as aleatory variability in current seismic hazard/risk analyses. In this study, we investigate the single-station variability in linear site response at K-NET and KiK-net stations in Japan using a large number of earthquake recordings. We found that the standard deviation of the horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio at individual sites, that is single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) sigma σHV,s, approximates the within-site variability in site response quantified using surface-to-borehole spectral ratios (for oscillator frequencies higher than the site fundamental frequency) or empirical ground-motion models. Based on this finding, we then utilize the single-station HVSR sigma as a convenient tool to study the site-response variability at 697 KiK-net and 1169 K-NET sites. Our results show that at certain frequencies, stiff, rough and shallow sites, as well as small and local events tend to have a higher σHV,s. However, when being averaged over different sites, the single-station HVSR sigma, that is σHV, increases gradually with decreasing frequency. In the frequency range of 0.25–25 Hz, σHV is centred at 0.23–0.43 in ln scales (a linear scale factor of 1.26–1.54) with one standard deviation of less than 0.1. σHV is quite stable across different tectonic regions, and we present a constant, as well as earthquake magnitude- and distance-dependent σHV models.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)"

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Goetz, Ryan P. Rosenblad Brent L. "Study of the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for characterization of deep soils in the Mississippi Embayment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5334.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 22, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Brent L. Rosenblad. Includes bibliographical references.
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(13979432), Michael L. Turnbull. "A seismic hazard assessment and microzonation of Bundaberg." Thesis, 2000. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_seismic_hazard_assessment_and_microzonation_of_Bundaberg/21358206.

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This thesis investigates the statistical seismic hazard that exists within the Bundaberg area and derives microzonation information for Bundaberg City, suitable for conjoint use with AS1170.4 - 1993, and its future replacements, in determining Earthquake Loading for design and construction engineering. A brief history of significant seismic events that have occurred in the Bundaberg area is provided, including presentation of an isoseismal map for the 1997 Bundaberg earthquake, and the regional geography is outlined. The effect of ground motion amplification and how it increases the seismic risk at sites within the Bundaberg City area is examined. The use of spectral ratios of ambient seismic noise, calculated from seismograms of microtremors, in characterising local site response to ground motion is discussed in detail. Specifically, horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR), otherwise referred to as Nakamura Spectra, are used to determine the local site responses of engineering interest (microzonation), for a 1 km grid of the Bundaberg City area. A methodology and associated computer software is developed to calculate Nakamura Spectra and to carry out the microzonation analysis. The results are presented in map form, suitable for viewing on a Geographical Information System (GIS). The Nakamura Spectra are also used to estimate the known depths of sedimentary deposits in the Bundaberg area. The estimated depths show a positive correlation with known depths thus verifying the applicability of the Nakamura Spectra for the purposes of microzonation.

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Chiu, Li-Chun, and 邱莉珺. "Analysis of Vertical-to-Horizontal Spectral Acceleration Ratios for Shallow Crustal Ground-Motion Records in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39765525624012231901.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
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Seismic design of structures often focuses on the demand from horizontal ground motions; however, the impact of vertical ground motions can be significant for seismic responses of ordinary buildings, highway bridges, and isolation systems. A practical procedure to determine vertical design spectrum is to scale a PSHA-based horizontal design spectrum using a vertical-to-horizontal ratio (V/H). Many seismic design codes (such as IBC and ASCE 7-10) specify a constant value of 2/3 for V/H at all periods. However, there are evidences that the V/H ratios might be greater than 2/3 in the short period range. This study explores the V/H ratios for shallow crustal ground motions in Taiwan and evaluates the adequacy of modern ground-motion models and the requirements of current Taiwan building code on V/H. Pulse-like near-fault ground motions may cause significant damage to structures. This study analyzes the V/H ratio of pulse-like near-fault ground motions recorded worldwide and in Taiwan to understand the regional differences of the ratio. Seven sets of ground-motion prediction models and two relatively simple models were used to predict the V/H ratios for ground motions in different databases of this study. The residuals between the predicted and recorded V/H values were computed and analyzed using both statistic approach and Sammon’s Map, which is a high-dimensional visualization technique to map the high-dimensional space data into a two-dimensional space. The results were used to evaluate the pros and cons of the application of the models on Taiwan data.
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Book chapters on the topic "Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)"

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Almendros, Javier, Francisco Luzón, and Antonio Posadas. "Microtremor Analyses at Teide Volcano (Canary Islands, Spain): Assessment of Natural Frequencies of Vibration Using Time-dependent Horizontal-to-vertical Spectral Ratios." In Geodetic and Geophysical Effects Associated with Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, 1579–96. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7897-5_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)"

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Pranata, Bayu, Tedi Yudistira, Erdinc Saygin, Phil R. Cummins, Sri Widiyantoro, Budi Brahmantyo, and Zulfakriza. "Seismic microzonation of Bandung basin from microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EARTH HAZARD AND DISASTER MITIGATION (ISEDM) 2017: The 7th Annual Symposium on Earthquake and Related Geohazard Research for Disaster Risk Reduction. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047289.

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Esch, John M. "DETERMINING BEDROCK DEPTHS USING THE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO (HVSR) PASSIVE SEISMIC METHOD - EXAMPLES FROM MICHIGAN." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275649.

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Mahvelati, Siavash, and Joseph Thomas Coe. "Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Analysis of the Martian Passive Seismic Data from the InSight Mission." In 17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483374.011.

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Esch, John, Alan Kehew, William Sauck, Tyler Norris, John A. Yellich, and Clayton Joupperi. "BEDROCK TOPOGRAPHY MAPPING USING THE HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO (HVSR) PASSIVE SEISMIC METHOD – CASS COUNTY MICHIGAN." In Joint 56th Annual North-Central/ 71st Annual Southeastern Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022nc-375800.

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Aque, L. E. G., A. S. Daag, R. N. Grutas, M. I. T. Abigania, M. P. Dizon, D. J. L. Buhay, E. D. Mitiam, et al. "EVALUATION OF PASSIVE SEISMIC HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO (HVSR) FOR RAPID SITE-SPECIFIC LIQUEFACTION HAZARD ASSESSMENT." In 18th Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS 2021). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811260100_0045.

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Dirgantara, Feisal. "Microzonation amplification mapping at Sleman regency, province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method." In Beijing 2009 International Geophysical Conference and Exposition. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3603571.

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Chandler, Val W., and Richard S. Lively. "HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO (HVSR) PASSIVE SEISMIC METHODS FOR DETERMINING QUATERNARY SEDIMENT THICKNESS AND BEDROCK ELEVATION IN MINNESOTA: AN UPDATE." In 50th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016nc-275222.

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Johnson, Carole, and John Lane. "STATISTICAL COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING SEDIMENT THICKNESS FROM HORIZONTAL-TO-VERTICAL SPECTRAL RATIO (HVSR) SEISMIC METHODS: AN EXAMPLE FROM TYLERVILLE, CONNECTICUT, USA." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/sageep.29-057.

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López, C. I. Huerta, Jay Pulliam, Yosio Nakamura, and Ben Yates. "Modeling amplification effects of marine sedimentary layers via horizontal/vertical spectral ratios." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816761.

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Huerta Lo´pez, Carlos I., Jay Pulliam, Kenneth H. Stokoe, Jose´ M. Roe¨sset, and Celestino Valle-Molina. "Spectral Characteristics of Earthquakes Recorded on the Gulf of Me´xico Seafloor and Modeling of Soft Marine Sediments." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37504.

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The overall goal of this work was to develop a cost-effective method of characterizing offshore geotechnical sites in deep water. The generic approach was to place an ocean bottom seismograph on the seafloor and record ambient noise and distant earthquakes over periods of a month or more. Horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios were then calculated and used to characterize the local sediment response in terms of the distribution of motions with their respective resonant frequencies. One-dimensional wave propagation modeling using the stiffness matrix method was used to estimate sediment properties (mainly layering, shear stiffness, density and material damping) by matching the resonant frequency and amplification factors of the shallow sediment layers. The resulting sediment properties fall well within the expected range, indicating the potential of the proposed exploration approach for characterizing deep water sites.
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Reports on the topic "Horizontal to vertical spectral ratios (HVSR)"

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Dietiker, B. Geoscientific studies of Champlain Sea sediments, Bilberry Creek, Ottawa, Ontario: firm ground depth estimation through microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326172.

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Hunter, J. A., H L Crow, B. Dietiker, A. J. M. Pugin, K. Brewer, and T. Cartwright. A compilation of microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) and borehole shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated sediments in south-central Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326133.

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