Journal articles: 'Hordeum'

1

León, Eduardo, Eusebio López Nieto, Mónica López Martínez, and Antonio J. Pujadas Salvá. "El agregado de Hordeum murinum (Poaceae) en “Flora Iberica”." Acta Botanica Malacitana 39 (December 1, 2014): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v39i1.2586.

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2

Pelger, Susanne, and Roland Von Bothmer. "Hordein variation in the genus Hordeum as recognized by monoclonal antibodies." Genome 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-031.

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The composition of the major storage protein, hordein, in wild barley species has been studied by using gel electrophoresis, Coomassie staining, and immunoblot assays. We have shown earlier that it is possible to obtain cross-reaction outside the cultivated barley, with monoclonal antibodies raised against hordeins from the barley cultivar Bomi. These antibodies have now been used to investigate the hordein composition in all species of the Hordeum genus. The results showed that polypeptides similar to the two major hordein groups of cultivated barley, the B- and C-hordeins, are produced in all wild Hordeum species, and that there are both similarities and differences between the two hordein groups. The similarities indicate a common evolutionary origin, while the distinction between B- and C-hordeins in the entire genus clearly shows that the divergence of their coding genes preceded the divergence of the Hordeum species. The presence of the same antigenic site in two different species indicates that they are evolutionarily related. Among the wild species, two rarely occurring sites were exclusively found in H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum and H. bulbosum, which confirms that they are the cultivated barley's closest relatives. Some of the antibodies also gave an extensive reaction pattern with H. murinum, which suggests a fairly close relationship to H vulgare, though not as close as between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum.Key words: Hordeum, hordein, monoclonal antibodies, evolution, multigene family.

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3

Clark, Melody, Angela Karp, and Simon Archer. "Physical mapping of the B-hordein loci on barley chromosome 5 by in situ hybridization." Genome 32, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-531.

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Physical mapping of the B-hordein genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes) was achieved by in situ hybridization of a biotin-labelled B-hordein cRNA probe to chromosome spreads. Lines trisomic for chromosome 5 showed up to 3 signals on interphase nuclei, while no more than 2 signals were observed in normal diploids. An enzyme pretreatment, which produced broken cells, increased the frequency of signal detection. A clear signal was observed on 23% of interphase nuclei and 0.025% of metaphase spreads. The B-hordein genes mapped to 46% of the distance from the centromere on the short arm of chromosome 5. These results are discussed in relation to the barley genetic map and to previous reports of in situ hybridization of low-copy and unique-copy genes in plants.Key words: in situ hybridization, Hordeum vulgare, B-hordein genes, genetic map.

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4

Hickey, Lee T., Wendy Lawson, Greg J. Platz, Mark Dieters, and Jerome Franckowiak. "Origin of leaf rust adult plant resistance gene Rph20 in barley." Genome 55, no. 5 (May 2012): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-022.

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Rph20 is the only reported, simply inherited gene conferring moderate to high levels of adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust ( Puccinia hordei Otth) in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Key parental genotypes were examined to determine the origin of Rph20 in two-rowed barley. The Dutch cultivar ‘Vada’ (released in the 1950s) and parents, ‘Hordeum laevigatum’ and ‘Gull’ (‘Gold’), along with the related cultivar ‘Emir’ (a derivative of ‘Delta’), were assessed for APR to P. hordei in a disease screening nursery. The marker bPb-0837-PCR, co-located with Rph20 on the short arm of chromosome 5H (5HS), was used to screen genotypes for the resistance allele, Rph20.ai. Results from phenotypic assessment and DNA analysis confirmed that Rph20 originated from the landrace ‘H. laevigatum’ (i.e., Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare). Tracing back this gene through the pedigrees of two-rowed barley cultivars, indicated that Rph20 has contributed APR to P. hordei for more than 60 years. Although there have been no reports of an Rph20-virulent pathotype, the search for alternative sources of APR should continue to avoid widespread reliance upon a single resistance factor.

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5

Ho, K. M., W. L. Seaman, T. M. Choo, and R. A. Martin. "AC Stephen barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-142.

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AC Stephen is a six-rowed spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture Canada, and is adapted to Eastern Canada. It was selected from an OAC Kippen/Léger cross. AC Stephen has high yield, good test weight and is resistant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. ex Merat. f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal). Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., six-rowed barley, feed barley, high yield, powdery mildew

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6

Wang, Huan, and Genlou Sun. "Molecular phylogeny and reticulate origins of several American polyploid Hordeum species." Botany 89, no. 6 (June 2011): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-030.

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The phylogeny of diploid species in the genus Hordeum has been studied intensively. Although the origin of American polyploid species has been analyzed using multiple-copy internal transcribed spacer sequences, the origins of these species in Hordeum remain unclear. The objectives of our study were to elucidate the origins of American polyploid species and to explore phylogenetic relationships of these polyploids to diploid Hordeum and other diploid species in Triticeae using a single copy of a nuclear gene, disrupted meiotic cDNA1 (DMC1). DMC1 sequences from nine Hordeum polyploid species were analyzed. Sequence comparisons revealed that one copy of sequences from polyploid species Hordeum fuegianum , Hordeum jubatum , and Hordeum tetraploidum showed a 82 bp miniature inverted-repeat terminal element (MITE) (Stowaway) insertion, which was also detected in the Triticeae diploid species Australopyrum species (W genome) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (Ta genome). Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis suggested that diploid Hordeum brachyantherum subsp. californicum is one ancestor of polyploids Hordeum arizonicum , H. brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum , Hordeum depressum , and Hordeum procerum . The other ancestor of tetraploid H. depressum is probably Hordeum euclaston . Hordeum cordobense was suggested to be one of the genome donors to hexaploid H. procerum. The diploid Hordeum flexuosum and tetraploid H. tetraploidum were suggested as the parents to hexaploid species Hordeum parodii . The result is that one sequence from each of three Hordeum tetrapolyploids, including H. fuegianum, H. jubatum, and H. tetraploidum, and one from Hordeum hexaploid H. arizonicum fall outside the Hordeum clade of the DMC1 phylogenetic tree, therefore representing another example of complex evolutionary history. Our data may shed light on future phylogenetic studies in Triticeae, especially for the polyploids, by broadening the scope of investigations through sampling more genome types in Poaceae, not only from the tribe Triticeae.

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7

Pelger, Susanne, Torbjörn Säll, and Bengt O. Bengtsson. "Evolution of Hordein Gene Organization in Three Hordeum Species." Hereditas 119, no. 3 (May 28, 2004): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1993.00219.x.

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8

Echart-Almeida, Cinara, and Suzana Cavalli-Molina. "Hordein variation in Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild barley (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 2 (June 2000): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000200031.

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SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the hordein polypeptide patterns of Brazilian barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) and of two native species of Hordeum from southern Brazil (H. euclaston Steud. and H. stenostachys Godr.). Forty different hordein polypeptide bands with molecular weights ranging from 30 to 94 kDa were found in the seeds of the three species studied. Twelve of the 14 varieties examined showed intravarietal polymorphism. The number of bands ranged from 10 to 17, depending on the variety, and from 3 to 13 among individual seeds, with a total of 26 bands in H. vulgare. Phenograms using each seed as an operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the seeds from most varieties did not form distinct clusters. Seeds from different plants of the native species varied considerably. The molecular weights of the hordein polypeptides of the two native species were quite different from those of H. vulgare. There was a greater similarity between the native species than with H. vulgare, although H. stenostachys was slightly closer to the cultivated species than H. euclaston.

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9

Baum, Bernard R., and Grant Bailey. "A numerical taxonomic investigation of the Hordeum brevisubulatum aggregate." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 2011–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-253.

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Measurements of 21 morphometric characters were carried out on 317 specimens; additional observations were made in the field in Turkey, Iran, and the People's Republic of China. Using two nonparametric clustering algorithms and various discriminant analyses followed by bootstrap validation, we infer that the following morphological species are worthy of recognition: Hordeum bogdanii; Hordeum brevisubulatum, including ssp. brevisubulatum and ssp. violaceum; Hordeum turkestanicum; and Hordeum roshevtzii. We found that H. roshevtzii is very close to H. brevisubulatum. A key to species and subspecies is provided along with comments on habitats, distribution, and synonymy. Key words: numerical taxonomy, Hordeum turkestanicum, Hordeum brevisubulatum, Hordeum roshevitzii, Hordeum bogdanii, key to species.

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10

Molnar, S. J., and A. McKay. "Restriction fragment analysis of hordein genes in western Canadian two-rowed barleys." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-033.

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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at the hordein loci were compared with hordein protein patterns for discrimination of barley cultivars. RFLP banding patterns documented extensive polymorphism for B and C hordein gene families in eight closely related western Canadian two-rowed barley cultivars, five parental cultivars and a U.K. cultivar. RFLP results were compared with published protein pattern data on the same cultivars. The power to discriminate cultivars by the two methods is similar. Key words: RFLP, hordein, barley, Hordeum vulgare, cultivar identification

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11

Nishikawa, Tomotaro, Björn Salomon, Takao Komatsuda, Roland von Bothmer, and Koh-ichi Kadowaki. "Molecular phylogeny of the genus Hordeum using three chloroplast DNA sequences." Genome 45, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-088.

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The genus Hordeum consists of three cytotypes (2x, 4x, and 6x). Its reproductive isolation has been incomplete between closely related species and hence the genetic relationship is reticulate and complex. We used 32 taxa of Hordeum and three chloroplast DNA sequences, matK, atpBrbcL, and trnLtrnF, in the current study. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the three chloroplast DNA regions clearly demonstrated genetic relationships among taxa and origin of polypoids. The formation of H. secalinum likely involved hybridization between Hordeum marinum subsp. marinum and a Eurasian diploid possessing the H genome. The formation of hexaploid Hordeum brachyantherum involved hybridization between tetraploid H. brachyantherum and diploid H. marinum subsp. gussoneanum. The formation of three tetraploids, H. brachyantherum, Hordeum jubatum, and Hordeum guatemalense, probably involved hybridization between H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum and an altered H genome diploid. The formation of Hordeum arizonicum involved the two taxa Hordeum pusillum and H. jubatum.Key words: chloroplast DNA, phylogeny, Hordeum, barley.

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12

Baum, Bernard R., and Douglas A. Johnson. "The South African Hordeum capense is more closely related to some American Hordeum species than to the European Hordeum secalinum: a perspective based on the 5S DNA units (Triticeae: Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-001.

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Several authors have proposed that the European Hordeum secalinum and the morphologically similar South African Hordeum capense are conspecific. In this paper we provide evidence that the two species differ in their 5S DNA unit class composition. We also report on the diversity of 5S DNA units in Hordeum muticum, a South American species. When the 5S rDNA unit class composition for these three species is compared with the unit class composition for all Hordeum species thus far investigated, it appears that H. capense is more closely related to the American Hordeum species containing the long Y2 unit class, than to H. secalinum, which lacks the long Y2 unit class but contains the long X2 unit class found in H. marinum. This analysis suggests H. capense may have originated from a stock common to the South American species, such as H. muticum.Key words: 5S DNA unit class, Hordeum capense, Hordeum secalinum, Hordeum muticum, continental drift.

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13

Gupta, P. K., and George Fedak. "Preferential intragenomic chromosome pairing in two new diploid intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum and Secale." Genome 29, no. 4 (August 1, 1987): 594–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-100.

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Intergeneric hybrids involving Hordeum californicum with Secale anatolicum and Hordeum bogdanii with Secale cereale ssp. segetale were produced at a frequency of 1.3% of pollinated florets. Chiasmata frequencies of plants ranged from 0.13 to 0.21 per cell in the first hybrid combination and from 0.30 to 0.68 per cell in the second. The paucity of heteromorphic bivalents indicated absence of a close relationship between parental genomes. The associations in bivalents could be classified into Secale–Secale (R–R), Hordeum–Hordeum (H–H), and Secale–Hordeum (R–H) on the basis of difference in size of the chromosomes of Secale and Hordeum. Using a binomial distribution, it is shown that there was preferential intragenomic (R–R, H–H) chromosome pairing, which was attributed to the presence of homologous chromosome segments on nonhomologous chromosomes of the same genome. The distribution of Hordeum and Secale chromosomes to the poles at anaphase occurred at random. Key words: Hordeum, Secale, hybrids (intergeneric), chromosome pairing.

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14

Kruse, Anthon. "Hordeum × Triticum hybrids." Hereditas 73, no. 1 (February 12, 2009): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1973.tb01078.x.

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15

Kruse, A. "Hordeum×Agropyrum hybrids." Hereditas 78, no. 2 (February 12, 2009): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01450.x.

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16

Mahadevappa, Mamatha, Richard A. DeScenzo, and Roger P. Wise. "Recombination of alleles conferring specific resistance to powdery mildew at the Mla locus in barley." Genome 37, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-064.

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In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the Mla locus conditions reaction to the powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei. Enrichment for genetic recombinants in the Mla region is possible by screening for recombination events between the flanking endosperm storage proteins hordeins C and B. Reciprocal crosses were made between the Franger (C.I. 16151) and Rupee (C.I. 16155) lines carrying the (Mla6 + Mla14) and Mla13 alleles, respectively. Recombinants were identified from F2 segregants by analyzing the extracted hordein polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two hundred and seventy-six recombinant gametes were identified from the 1800 seeds that were screened. Recombination of Mla alleles was analyzed by inoculating F4 recombinant lines with three isolates of E. graminis (A27, 5874, and CR3), which recognize specific Mla alleles. The linkage order established is Hor1–Mla6–Mla13–Mla14–Hor2. The genetic distances between Hor1–Mla6, Mla6–Mla13, and Mla13–Hor2, obtained using Mapmaker 3.0b F3 intercross analysis, are 3.9, 0.2, and 5.2 cM, respectively.Key words: recombinant, barley, powdery mildew, Mla, hordein.

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17

Echart-Almeida, Cinara, and Suzana Cavalli-Molina. "Hordein polypeptide patterns in relation to malting quality in Brazilian barley varieties." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36, no. 2 (February 2001): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001000200001.

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Since there is evidence that malting quality is related to the storage protein (hordein) fraction, in the present work the hordein polypeptide patterns from 13 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties of different malting quality were analysed in order to explore the feasibility of using hordein electrophoresis to assist in the selection of malting barleys. The formation of clusters separating the varieties with higher malting quality from the others with lower quality suggests that there is a relationship between the general hordein polypeptide pattern and malting quality in the varieties analysed. By the Sperman's correlation test three hordein bands correlated negatively with malting quality in the germplasm studied.

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18

Jarosz, AM, and JJ Burdon. "Resistance to barley scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in wild barley grass (Hordeum glaucum and Hordeum leporinum) populations in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 3 (1996): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960413.

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Plants from 22 wild barley grass populations, 10 Hordeum glaucum, 11 Hordeum leporinum, and one mixed population, were inoculated with seven isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis originally collected from H. leporinum plants. There was substantial variability for resistance within and among populations from both Hordeurn species, but H. glaucum was: on average more resistant than H. leporlnum. Individual populations often responded differentially to the R. secalis isolates, being resistant to some isolates and susceptible to others. Differential responses were more pronounced among H. glaucum populations. No consistent geographic correlations between level of resistance within a population and geographic location were found, indicating that large scale trends for resistance do not exist in either H. gluucum or H. leporinwm. The existence of widespread resistance variation in both wild barley grasses may create substantial selection pressures favouring the emergence of variability for pathogenicity in R. secalis, which would complicate efforts to breed for R. secalis resistance in cultivated barley.

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19

Vershinin, A. V., E. A. Salina, V. V. Solovyov, and L. L. Timofeyeva. "Genomic organization, evolution, and structural peculiarities of highly repetitive DNA of Hordeum vulgare." Genome 33, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-066.

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A fraction of highly repeated DNA sequences of Hordeum vulgare has been investigated by cloning 19 separate highly repetitive sequences in the plasmid pBR327. Characteristics studied included genus specificity of isolated sequences, their prevalence, and genome organization. Sequences (pHv7161, pHv7191, pHv7179) have been identified that are the most widespread in the H. vulgare genome and have a complicated arrangement. A tandemly arranged sequence, pHv7141, was also identified. The primary structure of a 999 bp long, BamHI fragment of one of the most widespread sequences, pHv7161, as well as the adjacent pHv7302 and pHv7245 sequences was determined. The fragment abounds in inverted repeats, of which two are flanked by direct repeats, and contains short subrepeats, A, B, and C, and a great variety of potential protein-binding sites. A comparison is drawn between the content and genome organization of highly repeated DNA sequences of H. vulgare and those of the wild barley species Hordeum bulbosum, Hordeum jubatum, Hordeum geniculatum, Hordeum brevisubulatum, Hordeum turkestanicum, and Hordeum murinum. According to the above characters (close copy number and genome organization similarity of highly repetitive sequences) the species under discussion have been classified into four groups. This division is in good agreement with other data on interspecific crossing in Hordeum and on chromosome pairing in hybrid meiosis.Key words: Hordeum, highly repeated DNA sequences, copy number.

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20

Baum, Bernard R., and Douglas A. Johnson. "The 5S rRNA gene units in the native New World annual Hordeum species (Triticeae: Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-131.

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We have employed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based approach to amplify 5S rDNA sequences from 20 accessions representing five Hordeum species native to the Americas. Sequence analysis of 88 clones revealed three sets of orthologous sequences in Hordeum pusillum Nutt. and two sets in the other four species. The long H1 unit class, previously known in Hordeum bulbosum L., Hordeum marinum L. s.l., Hordeum murinum L. s.l., Hordeum spontaneum Boiss., and Hordeum vulgare L., was found also in Hordeum depressum (Scribner & Smith) Rydberg and in H. pusillum; however, the majority of the sequences fell within two new classes of orthologous sequences. Sequences of the long H2 unit class were found in four species but not in H. depressum. Sequences of the long Y2 unit class were found in all five species. The long H2 and long Y2 unit classes appear to be unique to this group of five, mostly annual, North and South American species. Cladistic analysis of the orthologous sequences from the species with the long H1 unit class places the long H1 sequence of Hordeum flexuosum Steudel in the same clade with H. murinum, whereas H. depressum is more closely related to the perennial species, Hordeum bogdanii Wilenski and H. bulbosum. This association differs from previously described species relationships and it may be that the gene tree differs from the species tree. A cladistic analysis of paralogous sequences of the two new unit classes defined in this study together with the long H1, the long Y1 and the long X2 unit classes uncovered in previous work in Hordeum, was performed. Based upon these analyses, we hypothesize that the possible order of divergence was first the division into two branches leading to the long H1 unit class and the long H2 unit class; the lineage leading to the long H2 class was further divided to give rise to branches leading to the long Y1, the long Y2 and the long X2 classes.Key words: 5S rDNA, genomes, haplomes, unit classes, Hordeum, Triticeae.

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21

van Niekerk, B. D., Z. A. Pretorius, and W. H. P. Boshoff. "Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Puccinia hordei on Barley in South Africa." Plant Disease 85, no. 7 (July 2001): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.7.713.

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Although leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, is considered an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and regularly reaches epidemic proportions, pathogenic variability has never been studied in South Africa. From 1994 to 1997, only one pathotype (SAPh 3231) was identified with virulence to resistance genes Rph1, Rph4, Rph5, Rph10, and Rph11. During 1998, a second pathotype (SAPh 7321) was identified, differing from pathotype SAPh 3231 only in virulence to Rph12. Pathotype SAPh 7321 increased rapidly in the area where it was first detected, resulting in localized epidemic outbreaks in 1999. The reactions of various South African cultivars and breeding lines toward these pathotypes were determined, and the presence of Rph12 was postulated for B93/4, Krona, Optic, Prisma, and SSG 532. Rph genes showed varying degrees of temperature sensitivity, with none of the known genes displaying major changes in their phenotypes except Rph8, which was less effective at higher temperatures. Eight accessions of two wild Hordeum spp. occurring abundantly in the barley growing regions were found to be either weak or nonhosts for P. hordei.

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Bothmer, Roland von, Jan Flink, and Tomas Landström. "Meiosis in interspecific Hordeum hybrids. IV. Tetraploid (4x × 4x) hybrids." Genome 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-080.

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The meiotic pairing behaviour of 31 interspecific combinations of tetraploid Hordeum species are reported. The autoploid H. bulbosum with the II genomic constitution has no homology to the other species. The constitution of tetraploid H. murinum is not clear, but it is not homologous to other tetraploids. Hordeum marinum is a probable autoploid (XX) but with a very strong genetic regulation of pairing. The X genome is possibly found in H. secalinum and H. capense, both of which also possess the H genome in several diploids. Hordeum fuegianum, H. tetraploidum, H. jubatum, H. brachyantherum, and H. roshevitzii are segmental alloploids all with the same two partly homoeologous genomes. Hordeum depressum is probably a segmental alloploid with the H genome and with a very strong pairing regulation. Hordeum brevisubulatum is a pure autoploid with two homologous H genomes.Key words: Hordeum, interspecific hybrids, meiosis, tetraploids.

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Soliman, K., G. Fedak, and R. W. Allard. "Inheritance of organelle DNA in barley and Hordeum × Secale intergeneric hybrids." Genome 29, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 867–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-148.

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Four reciprocal hybrids of Hordeum vulgare (deficiens type) and seven nonreciprocal hybrids resulting from controlled pollination between two Hordeum and three Secale species were assayed for variation in their organelle DNA. The chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of these hybrids were distinct. Genetic variability exists within species of the genus Hordeum with organelle transmission being strictly maternal. On the other hand, biparental inheritance was obtained in the intergeneric hybrids involving Hordeum and Secale. There was selective transmission of Secale bands and the number of gene copies transmitted through the pollen was under genetic control. No recombination occurred between the two parental genomes. Key words: DNA, organelle, intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum Secale.

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24

Baum, Bernard R., and Douglas A. Johnson. "A comparison of the 5S rDNA diversity in the Hordeum brachyantherumcalifornicum complex with those of the eastern Asiatic Hordeum roshevitzii and the South American Hordeum cordobense (Triticeae: Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 752–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-057.

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Amplification of the 5S rDNA gene by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning and sequencing, was used to generate data from 23 seed accessions of Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski, Hordeum californicum Covas et Stebbins, Hordeum cordobense Bothmer, Jacobsen et Nicora, and Hordeum roshevitzii Bowden. One hundred and fourteen clones were analyzed, resulting in the detection of four different 5S DNA unit classes. Three of them, long H1, long H2, and long Y2, had been previously reported. The long H3 class, described for the first time, is present only in H. roshevitzii but can be grouped with previously unassigned units of Hordeum bulbosum L. and Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch. Based upon the analyses of 5S rDNA sequences, we found that (i) the long H2 unit class was not found in the Asiatic H. roshevitzii and therefore may be restricted to the American species, (ii) there is no strong support that H. brachyantherum and H. californicum are worthy of species recognition, and (iii) cladistic analysis of the consensus sequences of the four paralogous unit classes demonstrated that long Y2 is the most distant from the three long H classes.Key words: 5S DNA gene, Hordeum, unit classes.

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25

Pelger, Susanne. "Prolamin variation and evolution in Triticeae as recognized by monoclonal antibodies." Genome 36, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-139.

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The isopropanol-soluble seed storage proteins, prolamins, were studied in 18 different genera of the tribe Triticeae by gel electrophoresis, Coomassie staining, and immunoblot assays. The monoclonal antibodies were originally raised against cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hordein, and their reactions had been tested earlier on wild Hordeum species. The study showed that all the investigated Triticeae species produce prolamins and that structural similarities can be found throughout the tribe. The presence of the same antigenic sites in all the species indicates that the polypeptides contain well-conserved regions. They also indicate that the prolamins of the Triticeae species have a common evolutionary origin. In all the investigated species an antigenic site that is common to the B- and C-hordeins of barley was detected. Some of the reacting polypeptides also contained a site that is only present in the B-hordeins. The B-hordein specific site was found in all genera except Agropyron, Hordelymus, and Secale. This shows that although there are similarities between individual polypeptides, the composition of the various prolamin groups may vary between different genera. In the polyploid Elymus species different banding patterns were observed depending on what basic genomes were represented. The results suggest a direct correlation between the presence of a fast migrating polypeptide containing the B-hordein specific site and the presence of the H genome.Key words: Triticeae, prolamin, monoclonal antibodies, evolution, multigene family.

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Holwerda, Barry C., Sakti Jana, and William L. Crosby. "CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION IN HORDEUM VULGARE AND HORDEUM SPONTANEUM." Genetics 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 1271–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/114.4.1271.

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ABSTRACT A survey of restriction fragment polymorphism in Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum was made using 17 and 16 hexanucleotide restriction endonucleases on chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, respectively. The plant accessions originated from various places throughout the Fertile Cresent and Mediterranean. The types of changes in cpDNA consisted of nucleotide substitutions and insertions and deletions on the order of 100 base pairs. In contrast, mtDNA has most likely undergone larger insertions and deletions of up to 20 kilobase pairs in addition to rearrangements. Grouping of mtDNA fragment data showed that in some cases geographical affinities existed between the two species, whereas in others there were no clear affinities. Nucleotide diversity estimates derived from the restriction fragment data were used in a number of comparisons of variability. Comparisons of overall mtDNA variability (nucleotide diversity = 9.68 × 10-4) with cpDNA variability (nucleotide diversity = 6.38 × 10-4) indicated that the former are somewhat more variable. Furthermore, there was no indication that the wild H. spontaneum (cpDNA diversity = 5.57 × 10-4; mtDNA diversity = 6.04 × 10-4) was more variable than the land races of H. vulgare (cpDNA diversity = 5.88 × 10-4; mtDNA diversity = 9.79 × 10-4). In fact, on the basis of mtDNA diversity, H. vulgarewas the more variable species. Comparison of organelle nucleotide diversity estimates with an estimate of nuclear nucleotide diversity derived from existing isozyme data provided evidence that both organelle genomes are evolving at a slower rate than the nuclear genome.

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Bustos, Alfredo De, Yolanda Loarce, and Nicolás Jouve. "Species relationships between antifungal chitinase and nuclear rDNA (internal transcribed spacer) sequences in the genus Hordeum." Genome 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-158.

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The sequences of the chitinase gene (Chi-26) and the internal transcribed spacer of 18S 5.8S 26S rDNA (ITS1) were determined to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among species representing the four basic genomes of the genus Hordeum. Grouping analysis based on data for Chi-26 gene sequences placed Hordeum secalinum (H genome) near the Hordeum murinum complex (Xu genome), and Hordeum bulbosum distant from the other species that carried the I genome. ITS sequence data showed the expected grouping based on the genome classification of the species studied. Different sequences of ITS were detected even in the genomes of the diploid species. The results are interpreted in terms of defective or unfinished concerted evolution processes in each taxon.Key words: ITS, Hordeum, phylogeny, chitinase, concerted evolution.

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Wang, Huan, Dongfa Sun, and Genlou Sun. "Molecular phylogeny of diploid Hordeum species and incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear datasets." Genome 54, no. 12 (December 2011): 986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-063.

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The phylogeny of diploid Hordeum species has been studied using both chloroplast and nuclear gene sequences. However, the studies of different nuclear datasets of Hordeum species often arrived at similar conclusions, whereas the studies of different chloroplast DNA data generally resulted in inconsistent conclusions. Although the monophyly of the genus is well supported by both morphological and molecular data, the intrageneric phylogeny is still a matter of controversy. To better understand the evolutionary history of Hordeum species, two chloroplast gene loci (trnD-trnT intergenic spacer and rps16 gene) and one nuclear marker (thioreoxin-like gene (HTL)) were used to explore the phylogeny of Hordeum species. Two obviously different types of trnD-trnT sequences were observed, with an approximately 210 base pair difference between these two types: one for American species, another for Eurasian species. The trnD-trnT data generally separated the diploid Hordeum species into Eurasian and American clades, with the exception of Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum. The rps16 data also grouped most American species together and suggested that Hordeum flexuosum has a different plastid type from the remaining American species. The nuclear gene HTL data clearly divided Hordeum species into two clades: the Xu + H genome clade and the Xa + I genome clade. Within clades, H genome species were well separated from the Xu species, and the I genome species were well separated from the Xa genome species. The incongruence between chloroplast and nuclear datasets was found and discussed.

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Pomortsev, A. A., S. P. Martynov, and E. V. Lyalina. "Hordein locus polymorphism of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Turkey." Russian Journal of Genetics 43, no. 11 (November 2007): 1294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795407110129.

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Sun, Genlou, and Xiaodi Zhang. "Origin of the H genome in StH-genomic Elymus species based on the single-copy nuclear gene DMC1." Genome 54, no. 8 (August 2011): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g11-036.

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Previous studies have suggested that the H haplome in Elymus could originate from different diploid Hordeum species, however, which diploid species best represent the parental species remains unanswered. The focus of this study seeks to pinpoint the origin of the H genome in Elymus. Allopolyploid Elymus species that contain the StH genome were analyzed together with diploid Hordeum species and a broad sample of diploid genera in the tribe Triticeae using DMC1 sequences. Both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses well separated the American Hordeum species, except Hordeum brachyantherum subsp. californicum, from the H genome of polyploid Elymus species. The Elymus H-genomic sequences were formed into different groups. Our data suggested that the American Horedeum species, except H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum, are not the H-genomic donor to the Elymus species. Hordeum brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum was the progenitor species to Elymus virescens, Elymus confusus, Elymus lanceolatus, Elymus wawawaiensis, and Elymus caninus. Furthermore, North American H. brachyantherum subsp. californicum was a progenitor of the H genome to Elymus hystrix and Elymus cordilleranus. The H genomes in Elymus canadensis, Elymus sibiricus, and Elymus multisetus were highly differentiated from the H genome in Hordeum and other Elymus species. The H genome in both North American and Eurasian Elymus species was contributed by different Hordeum species.

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Nematiasgarabad, Pershia, Kirtani AP Anamalay, Qing Chong Xiu, Hor Kuan Chan, and Patrick Nwabueze Okechukwu. "Hordeum vulgare (Barley grass) Scavenge Free Radical and Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products Formation." NOVEMBER ISSUE 18, no. 6 (November 11, 2022): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.18.6.19.

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Introduction: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation is due to glycation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. AGEs play a vital role in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular complications and is enhanced by oxidative stress. Hordeum vulgare (Barley Grass) is a cereal plant of grass family poaceae and has been reported to exhibit antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Current experiment focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and anti-advanced glycation end products formation effect of Hordeum vulgare water extract. Methods: Free radical scavenging ability of Hordeum vulgare water extract, was evaluated using DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, FRAP and metal ion chelating. Total phenolic content of Hordeum vulgare was also analysed. In-vitro antiglycation activity was done using BSA-MGO, BSA-Glu. Phytochemical screening was performed to detect the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids. Results: The results showed Hordeum vulgare water extract ameliorated the formation of AGE and scavenge free radical from DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, Lipid peroxidation, FRAP and Metal ion chelating. Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids were detected in Hordeum vulgare water extract. Conclusion: Hordeum vulgare water extract reveals antiglycation and free scavenging properties.

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Piechota, Urszula, and Paweł Czembor. "Jęczmień i Blumeria graminis. Wprowadzenie do charakterystyki układu gospodarz- patogen." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 289 (November 3, 2020): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2020-0022.

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Jęczmień (Hordeum vulgare L.) jest jednym z najważniejszych gospodarczo zbóż i zajmuje czwarte miejsce pod względem areału upraw na świecie. Mączniak prawdziwy, powodowany przez grzyb patogeniczny Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, jest jedną z najważniejszych chorób wpływających negatywnie na ilość i jakość plonu jęczmienia. Ograniczona pula genów odporności wykorzystywanych w odmianach uprawnych stwarza potrzebę poszukiwania i identyfikacji nowych źródeł odporności.

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Pickering, R., S. Klatte, and R. C. Butler. "Identification of all chromosome arms and their involvement in meiotic homoeologous associations at metaphase I in 2 Hordeum vulgare L. × Hordeum bulbosum L. hybrids." Genome 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-071.

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We have identified all Hordeum bulbosum chromosomes in 2 diploid Hordeum vulgare × Hordeum bulbosum hybrids using suitable probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Using the parental idiograms allowed us to carry out a full analysis of chromosome associations among all chromosome arms in the hybrids. Association frequencies were generally lower for the short arms than for the long arms. There were also significant differences among the chromosome arms in association frequencies, partly correlated with the absolute length of the chromosome arm, as well as with the frequency of recombinant lines, which were recovered from partially fertile interspecific hybrids. The H. bulbosum idiogram will be useful for further chromosome association studies and will enable the identification of H. bulbosum chromosomes involved in chromosome addition or substitution lines.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, interspecific hybrids, chromosome associations, meiosis, fluorescence in situ hybridization.

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34

Patto, M. Carlota Vaz, Aernoudt Aardse, Jaap Buntjer, Diego Rubiales, Antonio Martín, and Rients E. Niks. "Morphology and AFLP markers suggest three Hordeum chilense ecotypes that differ in avoidance to rust fungi." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 204–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-152.

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In Hordeum chilense Roem. & Schult., a high variation in the level of avoidance to infection of barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth) occurs. Probably resulting from the properties of the stomata, the rust germ tube overgrows stomata, and the infection process fails in an early stage. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the avoidance character occurs in certain morphologically and molecularly distinct ecotypes of H. chilense. Eighty-eight H. chilense accessions were inoculated with P. hordei to assess the level of avoidance. The accessions were described for 30 morphological characters and three AFLP primer combinations. Cluster analysis using both morphological and AFLP fingerprint data suggested three distinct clusters of accessions. One of the clusters had a particularly high level of avoidance. This putative subspecific taxon was characterized by shorter and wider spikes, more erect culms, a greater number of stomata per square centimetre on the abaxial leaf side, and a shorter uppermost internode until flag leaf. All accessions clustered in this subspecific taxon were collected from humid habitats. We conclude that H. chilense consists of at least three rather well defined, morphologically and genetically distinct subspecific taxa, one of which has a very high level of avoidance to barley leaf rust.Key words: AFLP fingerprinting, diversity, Hordeum chilense, avoidance, rust fungi, Puccinia hordei.

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35

Baum, Bernard R., and L. Grant Bailey. "Key and synopsis of North American Hordeum species." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-309.

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A key to the species of Hordeum in North America is provided. Accompanying the key to Hordeum are accounts of species with the correct name, pertinent synonyms, common names, citations of major works, and notes on taxonomy, habitats, distribution, and variation. Photographs of inflorescences and illustrations of triads of spikelets are provided to facilitate identification. Key words: Hordeum, key to species, North America.

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36

Coles, G. D. "‘Gwylan’ barley (Hordeum vulgareL)." New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03015521.1986.10426132.

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37

Vallélian-Bindschedler, Laurence, Jean-Pierre Métraux, and Patrick Schweizer. "Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Barley Is Pathogen Specific but Not Required for Defense-Gene Activation." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 7 (July 1998): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.7.702.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings were inoculated with the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei, the biotrophic nonhost pathogen E. graminis f. sp. tritici, and the necrotrophic nonhost pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The levels of free salicylic acid and of salicylic-acid conjugates remained low after infection with E. graminis f. sp. hordei or E. graminis f. sp. tritici while they increased after inoculation with P. syringae pv. syringae. Pathogenesis-related proteins PR1, PR3 (chitinase), PR5 (thaumatin-like), and PR9 (peroxidase) accumulated after inoculation with all three pathogens.

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38

Fedak, George. "Cytogenetics of a hybrid and amphiploid between Hordeum pubiflorum and Secale africanum." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-001.

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A low frequency (0.86) of rod bivalents was observed at metaphase I of meiosis in the F1 hybrid between Hordeum pubiflorum 2x and Secale africanum 2x. Seeds were obtained from colchicine-doubled sectors on the hybrid. An average of 2.49′ + 12.77″ per cell characterized meiosis in the amphiploid. The univalent and bivalent frequencies among Hordeum and Secale chromosomes were approximately equal, although there was a higher proportion of ring bivalents formed by the Hordeum chromosomes. Over 90% of the pollen was stainable, but only 40% seed set was obtained on the amphiploid. Although the seeds were badly shrivelled, some were viable.Key words: intergeneric hybrid, chiasma frequency, embryo rescue, Hordeum–Secale.

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Tavili, A., and M. Biniaz. "Different Salts Effects on the Germination of Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum bulbosum." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2008): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.63.68.

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40

Breiman, Adina. "Plant regeneration from hordeum spontaneum and hordeum bulbosum immature embryo derived calli." Plant Cell Reports 4, no. 2 (April 1985): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00269209.

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41

González, Juan Manuel, and Esther Ferrer. "Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis in Hordeum species." Genome 36, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1029–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-137.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was performed by applying a set of 13 arbitrary 10-mer primers to 19 Hordeum species and subspecies. High levels of variation in fragment pattern were observed both within and among species with most of the primers used. Genetic similarities between accessions and species were calculated from the fragment patterns. The resulting phenograms confirmed previous relationships among the Hordeum species.Key words: random amplified polymorphic DNA, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, Hordeum.

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42

Kloot, PM. "Influence of environmental factors on the germination of barley grass (Hordeum glaucum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870525.

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The ability of Hordeum glaucum to germinate and initially grow faster than Lolium rigidum was found to be influenced by the soil's physical state and its chemical characteristics. Glasshouse studies showed that the replacement of Lolium by Hordeum in undisturbed situations was due to the advantage of the latter having awned florets which anchor and lever the seed on smooth, compacted surfaces. Soil disturbance produces a broken surface upon which Hordeum has no advantage over Lolium. Hordeum is also able to germinate under higher osmotic pressures than is Lolium. Higher osmotic pressures will arise on stock camps and on alkaline soils where the salts are of biological and pedological origin respectively. Glasshouse and field observations showed that the top 3 mm of the soil surface are drier and more saline than the soil profile generally as indicated from measurements on soil cores. In undisturbed soil this surface layer will favour the dominance of Hordeum over Lolium. In cultivated soil the layer will be diluted throughout the depth of cultivation.

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43

Perovic, Dragan, Dragica Zoric, Milivoje Milovanovic, Slaven Prodanovic, Yueming Yan, Snezana Jankovic, and Gordana Surlan-Momirovic. "Hordein gene dose effects in triploid endosperm of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Genetika 41, no. 3 (2009): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0903271p.

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The presence of two maternal chromosome sets in triploid barley endosperm allows the distinction of maternal and paternal hordein bands in an electrophoregram: the maternal bands are stronger due to the higher gene dose. In the F1 generation there are differences between reciprocal crosses and in the F2 generation all 16 classes that are theoretically possible for a pair of polymorphic loci can be distinguished. This full classification is rarely possible in genetic studies, and allows more accurate estimates of recombination rates. Two hordein gene clusters (Hor1 and Hor2, corresponding to hordein C and hordein B respectively) were analyzed in hybrids obtained by crossing two winter barley cultivars Partizan and HWV-247. Hordein separation was performed by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 (A-PAGE). A set of most informative bands of B and C hordeins was selected in each cross by two criteria: (1) presence or absence of bands in the parents and (2) signal strength to allow doses scoring. The average genetic distance between Hor1 and Hor2 loci was 11 cM. Distances in male and female maps were not significantly different, suggesting a similar recombination rate in male and female meiosis.

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ASFAW, ZEMEDE. "Variation in hordein polypeptide pattern within Ethiopian barley, Hordeum vulgare L. (Poaceae)." Hereditas 110, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1989.tb00779.x.

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45

Golovanov, Ya M., and L. M. Abramova. "To syntaxonomy and ecology of communities with participation of alien species Hordeum jubatum L. in the South Urals." Vegetation of Russia, no. 38 (July 2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2020.38.13.

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The synthaxonomy and ecology of communities with predominance of Hordeum jubatum L., included in the «black list» of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016a), the preliminary «black list» of the Orenburg Region (Abramova et al., 2017) and the «Black book of flora of Middle Russia» (Vinogradova et al., 2010), are discussed in the article, which continues a series of publications on the classification of communities with alien species in the South Urals (Abramova, 2011, 2016; Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b). H. jubatum was first found in the South Urals in 1984 as an adventive plant occurring along streets in the town of Beloretsk, as well as in gardens where it was grown as an ornamental plant. During the 1980s, it was met also at some railway stations and in several rural localities. Its active distribution throughout the South Urals started in XXI century (Muldashev et al., 2017). Currently, H. jubatum, most naturalized in the native salted habitats of the steppe zone, is often found in disturbed habitats in all natural zones within the region. The short vegetating period and resistance to drought allowed it to be naturalized also in dry steppes, where it increasingly acts as the main weed on broken pastures. The aim of the work, conducted during 2011–2017, was further finding the centers of H. jubatum invasion in 3 regions adjacent to the South Urals — the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg Regions (Fig. 1). In the main sites of H. jubatum invasion 71 relevès were performed on 10–100 m² sample plots with the information of location, date, the plot size, the total cover, average and maximum height of herb layer. Classification was carried out following the Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964) with using the Kopecký–Hejný approach (Kopecký, Hejný, 1974). The community ecology was assessed by weighted average values according to the optimal ecological scales by E. Landolt with usfge of the software of IBIS (Zverev, 2007). PCA-ordination method with usage CANOCO 4.5 software package was applied to identify patterns of environmental differentiation of invasive communities. The current wide distribution area of H. jubatum and its naturalization in synanthropic, meadow and saline communities in the South Urals, as well as its occurrence within mountain-forest belt, forest-steppe and steppe zones both in the Cis- and Trans-Urals, indicates species wide ecological amplitude, high adaptive capability and invasive potential. Its vast thickets are known in the steppe zone, both in disturbed steppes around settlements and along the banks of water bodies. The invasion sites are smaller in the northern regions and mountain forest belt, where these are located in settlements or along communication lines. Therefore, the steppe zone is more favorable for invasive populations, and their distribution will continue from the south to the north. Communities with predominance of H. jubatum, described earlier (Abramova, Golovanov, 2016b) in the Cis-Urals as two derivative communities (associations Hordeum jubatum [Scorzonero–Juncetea gerardii], Hordeum jubatum [Artemisietea]) and Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati, were met in other regions of the South Urals. Also a new derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati], occuring in the northern part of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, was established. In new habitats this species forms three types of communities: ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (Fig. 2) the most widespread in anthropogenic habitats throughout the South Urals; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii] (Fig. 5) which replaces saline meadows mainly in the steppe zone of the region; derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (Fig. 4) which y replaces low-herb meadows in the forest-steppe zone and mountain-forest belt. PCA ordination (Fig. 6) shows that moisture (H) and soil richness-salinization (S) factors are in priority in differentiation of communities with predominance H. jubatum. The first axis is mainly related to the salinization and soil richness. The community pattern along the second axis is associated with wetting factor. The cenoses of the derivative community Hordeum jubatum–Poa pratensis [Cynosurion cristati] (less salted substrates in drier conditions in the northern part of the forest-steppe zone and the mountain forest belt) are grouped in the upper part of the ordination diagram, while communities of ass. Polygono avicularis–Hordeetum jubati (drier conditions in settlements, the steppe zone) in its low left part. Thus, axis 1 also reflects the intensity of trampling. Another group is formed by cenoses of the derivate community Hordeum jubatum–Juncus gerardii [Scorzonero–Juncetalia gerardii], (salt substrates with a high level of moisturization, on not very damaged water body banks). All communities with H. jubatum are well differentiated in the space of the main ordination axes that indirectly confirms the correctness of our syntaxonomic decision. Undoubted is further expansion of H. jubatum with its entering both anthropogenic and natural plant communities within the South Urals that suggests a constant monitoring in centers of species invasion.

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46

Korzun, V., S. Malyshev, R. A. Pickering, and A. Börner. "RFLP mapping of a gene for hairy leaf sheath using a recombinant line from Hordeum vulgare L. ×Hordeum bulbosum L. cross." Genome 42, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 960–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-021.

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A gene conditioning hairy leaf sheath character, which was derived from Hordeum bulbosum and designated Hsb, was mapped using a cross between Hordeum vulgare and a H. vulgare/H. bulbosum recombinant line. The Hsb locus was tagged relative to eight RFLP markers detecting three loci on the distal part of chromosome 4HL. The map position suggests that Hsb of H. bulbosum is homoeologous to the gene Hp1 of rye (Secale cereale), which pleiotropically governs the traits hairy leaf sheath and hairy peduncle. It is proposed that the recombination break point between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum chromosomes occured at a position homoeologous compared with the 4L/5L translocation in Triticeae genomes, and may reflect a hot spot for chromosome breakage.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, comparative mapping, hairy leaf sheath, RFLP.

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Baum, Bernard R., and L. Grant Bailey. "Morphometric study of three closely related South American species of Hordeum section Stenostachys (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-064.

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This study investigates the morphologically distinguishable characteristics of Hordeum santacrucense Parodi et Nicora and Hordeum setifolium Parodi et Nicora, two recently described species from southern South America that are very similar morphologically, and Hordeum patagonicum (Hauman) Covas, also from southern South America and morphologically similar to the above two species. The three entities have not been kept at the species level by some authors. This paper provides the results of a morphological investigation as justification for their retention at the specific level. The character lemma backs pubescent in about half lower part distinguishes H. patagonicum from the other two; the character lodicules glabrous, or with one or two cilia distinguishes H. setifolium from H. santacrucense with ciliate lodicule margins. Key words: South American Hordeum, multivariate analysis, lodicules, taxonomy.

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Funatsuki, Hideyuki, Erich Müller, Horst Lörz, and Paul A. Lazzeri. "Production of Somatic Hybrid Calli between Hordeum vulgare L. and Hordeum bulbosum L." Journal of Plant Physiology 144, no. 2 (August 1994): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80552-3.

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Yousfi, Sabah, Mokded Rabhi, Chedly Abdelly, and Mohamed Gharsalli. "Iron deficiency tolerance traits in wild (Hordeum maritimum) and cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Comptes Rendus Biologies 332, no. 6 (June 2009): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2009.03.006.

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50

Linde-Laursen, I., and R. von Bothmer. "Elimination and duplication of particular Hordeum vulgare chromosomes in aneuploid interspecific Hordeum hybrids." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 76, no. 6 (December 1988): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00273679.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hordeum'

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