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1
Johnston, Paul Andrew, and n/a. "Molecular characterisation of chromatin introgressed from Hordeum bulbosum L. into Hordeum vulgare L." University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080215.161403.
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Hordeum bulbosum L. (bulbous barley grass) is an important genetic resource for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) improvement. As the sole member of the secondary genepool of Hordeum; H. bulbosum represents a relatively untouched source of genetic diversity which can provide novel allelic variation for traits critical to the future of barley breeding. In order to access this resource efficiently, a complete set of molecular marker resources is necessary to assist the introgression of chromatin from H. bulbosum into a barley genetic background.
For breeders to access traits from H. bulbosum for barley improvement, recombinant lines need to be developed to transfer regions of the H. bulbosum genome into a barley background for trait identification and for incorporation into elite barley breeding programs.
The chromosomal location of H. bulbosum introgressions in thirty eight unique recombinant lines was performed using RFLP analysis using mostly distal probes from barley genetic linkage maps However, this analysis was labour intensive, restrictive and prone to inconsistencies due to low intensity signals and complex banding in H. bulbosum.
Due to the low level of interspecific recombination detected between the two species, a retrotransposon-like marker, pSc119.1, was developed which could be used to quickly screen progeny from an interspecific cross to determine which lines possessed introgressions of chromatin from H. bulbosum.
After initial screening, putative recombinants were further characterised using co-dominant single locus PCR markers from throughout the genome. A focus was made on using the EST resources of barley and wheat, combined with the rice genome to create intron-spanning markers. Subsequent allele-sequencing revealed high frequencies of species-diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intron regions of these markers, coupled with relatively low frequencies of species-diagnostic SNPs in the flanking exon regions. Overall, interspecific SNP frequencies were not significantly higher in intron-spanning markers than those consisting of exon-only sequence. However, species-diagnostic indels were more frequently discovered within intron sequence providing additional polymorphism.
Recombinant lines with phenotypes that differed from the barley parent allowed those traits to be assigned to particular chromosomal regions. These characterised recombinant lines will provide a resource for barley breeders to identify novel traits for barley improvement and allow identification of new alleles in different chromosomal locations for current traits, allowing greater flexibility for cultivar construction.
A targeted backcross population of the recombinant line 38P18/8/1/10 (possessing leaf rust resistance derived from H. bulbosum) was created. The introgressed region was saturated for PCR markers using a variety of marker types and techniques (AFLP, cDNA-AFLP). Two lines were subsequently identified with introgressions of reduced size relative to the parental recombinant line, both of which have retained the leaf rust resistance trait. The leaf rust resistance was finally linked to two co-dominant EST-based markers located on chromosome 2HL by using these two lines and the direct screening of progeny from interspecific hybrids possessing introgression junctions in the region of interest.
In general, recombinant material between barley and H. bulbosum suffers from certation effects which cause distorted segregation that favours heterozygous and homozygous barley genotypes. Two unique lines have been identified during this research that possess gametocidal-type loci that result in the absolute retention of H. bulbosum chromatin with the termination of gametes lacking the introgression (barley genotype only).
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Salvo-Garrido, Haroldo E. "Genome analysis in wild (Hordeum bulbosum L.) and transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327510.
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Battke, Florian Matthias. "Analyse Schwermetall-induzierter Stoffwechselwege in Hordeum vulgare L." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977865428.
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Adhanom, Teferi Micael. "Variation in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Eritrea." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295049.
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Caredda, Stéphane. "Androgénèse et Albinisme chez l'Orge (Hordeum vulgare L. )." Reims, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REIMS008.
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L'androgénèse est une technique permettant de produire des lignées haploi͏̈des doublées à partir de microspores initialement destinées à produire des grains de pollen. Chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L. ), cette technique induit la régénération de plantules albinos en proportion importante constituant un frein à son exploitation industrielle. Notre étude à reposé sur un double objectif fondamental et appliqué, visant 1/ à comprendre les mécanismes gouvvernant la formation de plantules albinos en s'intéressant principalement à la structure des plastes et 2/ à optimiser le pourcentage de plantules androgénétiques chlorophyliennes chez le cv. D'hiver modèle Igri et chez 5 cvs. De printemps. Ce travail est basé sur la comparaison du déroulement de l'androgénèse entre le cultivar d'hiver Igri régénérant principalement des plantules chlorophyliennes et le cultivar de printemps Cork ne donnant que des plantules albinos. Au stade de prélèvement des anthères 15,3±2,7% des plastes des microspores du cv. D'hiver Igri contiennet encore de l'ADN contre 1,7±0,47% pour le cv. De printemps Cork. Après la phase de prétraitement et durant la phase d'induction, cette différence se retrouve au plan structural. Les plastes des embryons du cv. Igri suivent une voie de différenciation en chloroplastes alors que ceux du cv. Cork accumulent simplement de l'amidon en grande quantité, des plastoglobules et des corps prolamellaires. Le cv. Igri fournit une majorité de plantules (108,7 plantules régénérées pour 100 anthères répondantes) avec un G/A égal à 9,4. Le cv. Cork fournit le même nombre de plantules androgénétiques qui sont albinos à 99,7%. Il ressort de cette étude que le programme plastidial des microspores des 2 cvs. Est différent dès le stade de prélèvement des anthères. La phase de prétraitement réoriente bien le programme nucléaire des 2 cvs. Vers un programme sporophytique. Par contre, seul le génome plastidial des cvs. De printemps ne semble pas, dans nos conditions de culture, pouvoir se réorienter vers un programme chlorophylien. Le prétraitement est plus important que la phase d'induction quant à la production de plantules chlorophyliennes. Un prétraitement au mannitol (3,2%) à 4°C durant 3 jours (au lieu d'un prétraitement parle froid à 4°C durant 28 jours. )
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Haase, Susan. "Rhizodeposition and biotic interactions in the rhizosphere of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Hordeum vulgare L." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-2487.
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Jasaitis, Edgaras. "Kompleksinis sunkiųjų metalų poveikis vasariniams miežiams (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100614_085348-19440.
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Kompleksinis sunkiųjų metalų poveikis vasariniams miežiams (Hordeum vulgare L., veislė ‘Aura DS’).
Tyrimo objektas vasariniai miežiai (Hordeum vulgare L., veislė ‘Aura DS’). Tyrimams šie augalai buvo pasirinkti dėl jų gero daigumo ir greito augimo. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas, yra įvertinti sunkiųjų metalų (Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr) kompleksinį poveikį vasarinių miežių augimui ir nustatyti sąveikos tarp jų tipą. Tiriamas darbas buvo atliekamas dviem etapais. Pirmiausia tiriamas diferencijuotas (pavienis) Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr poveikis vasariniams miežiams (nustatytos EC50 koncentracijos pagal sausos biomasės sumažėjimą lyginant su kontrole intervale nuo 40 iki 60 % : Cd-10,4; Cu-2,6; Ni-10,84; Zn-160; Pb-66,9 ir Cr-14,51 µM). Koncentracijos kompleksiniams tyrimams pasirinktos atskirai įvertinus diferencijuotą poveikį vasarinių miežių sausai biomasei. Kompleksinis tyrimas atliktas tik su dvigubomis (Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr) metalų sąveikomis. Kompleksinio tyrimo tirpalus sudarė du atskiri metalai, kurių koncentracijos buvo perpus mažesnės EC50 reikšmėms. Lyginant tarpusavyje EC50 (vieno metalo) ir 0,5xEC50 (dviejų komplekse esančių metalų) poveikių rezultatus, nustatyti galimi sąveikos tarp metalų tipai: antagonizmas, sinergizmas ir suminė sąveika. Sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo parenkamos juos dedant į mitybinį tirpalą, t.y. kontrolė ir atitinkamas kiekis metalo druskų. Kontrolę sudarė: 0,4 mM CaCl2, 0,65 mM KNO3, 0,25 mM MgCl2•6H2O, 0,01 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0,04 mM NH4NO3... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Integrated heavy metals impact on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The object of the research is summer barely (Hordeum vulgare L., breed “Aura DS”). These plants were chosen for the research for their good germination rate and quick growing. The aim of the research work is to evaluate the complex effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr) on the growth of summer barely and to determine the type of the interaction between these metals. The research work was done in two stages. At first, the differentiated (discrete) effect of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr on growth of summer barley was investigated (EC50 concentrations were assessed depending on the reduction of dry biomass compared with control in the interval of 40 – 60%: Cd-10,4; Cu-2,6; Ni-10,84; Zn-160; Pb-66,9 and Cr-14,51 µM). Concentrations for complex research of heavy metals were chosen after differentiated effect of these metals on the dry biomass of summer barley was evaluated separately. Complex research was made only with dual interactions of these (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr) metals. The solutions for complex research were made of two separate metals, and the concentrations of these metals were a half EC50 values. The types of possible interactions between these heavy metals were determined when the results of EC50 (one metal) and 0,5xEC50 (two metals in complex) effects were compared: antagonism, synergy and total interaction. Selected concentrations of heavy metals were put in the nutritional solution... [to full text]
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Genc, Yusuf. "Screening for zinc efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg324.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 229-250. The aims of the study were to develop a reliable method for screening for Zn efficiency as an alternative to the current field-based methods, and to determine the extent of genotypic variation in tolerance to Zn deficiency in barley.
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Ramirez, Herbert 1959. "Flower and seed size in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291929.
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This study was designed to explore correlations between flower and seed characters and the relationship of flower and seed characters to yield. Thirty six lines selected from Composite Cross XXXII material were planted in a randomized block design with four replications. At anthesis, spikes from each plot were collected and fixed in 70% alcohol. At the same time, an equivalent spike was tagged to be harvested at maturity. Measurements of flower characters were made on the preserved spikes and seed. Length, width and weight were obtained on the mature spikes. Flower volume was calculated by multiplying the area of lemma and palea by flower thickness. Correlations indicated that selection for flower characters at anthesis would be an effective selection technique for seed characters.
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O'Sullivan, Stephen. "Expression of calmodulin in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) aleurone." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/222.
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Hunter, Clifford Paul. "Plant regeneration from microspores of barley Hordeum vulgare L." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7765.
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Jaffe, Benjamin. "Genome analysis of Hordeum bulbosum L. and hybrids with H. vulgare L." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302327.
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Gustafsson, Dan. "The origin of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare) studied bythe nud gene." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Molekylär genetik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94288.
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The exact origin of the peculiar naked barley is somewhat illusive. There is a debate whether it has a single, monophyletic origin or a multiple, paraphyletic origin. It is from previous Asian studies on naked barley known that a mutation or a deletion of the nud gene expresses the naked seed phenotype. Not much investigation has been done outside of Asia, least of all in the Nordic countries, on what gives naked barley its character. Therefore this study was set up to examine if the Nordic variant of naked barley shares the same nud allele as the Asian and thus has a close connection with it, or if they have independent mutations. I could confirm that the known alleles of the nud gene do determine the seed character of barley. Most of the results of the PCR genotyping confirmed the phenotype of the tested accessions, both naked and hulled barleys. However, one visually phenotyped naked barley cultivar (NGB4580) still amplified with the known primers that would match the Asian hulled allele, meaning that the Nordic accession NGB4580 of naked barley did not carry the known nud deletion. This suggests that naked barley has arisen independently in Asia and in the Nordic countries.
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Bachmann, Astrid. "Jasmonat-induzierter Lipidkatabolismus im Gerstenblatt (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Salomé)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969914830.
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Zahn, Martina. "Pflanzenphysiologische Untersuchungen der nichtparasitären Blattverbräunung der Sommergerste Hordeum vulgare L." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2005. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7128.pdf.
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Pakniyat, Jahromi Hassan. "Genetic studies on salt tolerence in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319253.
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Oppong-Konadu, Eden Y. "Evolution in genetically diverse populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336773.
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Jacquard, Cédric Clément Christophe. "Embryogenèse pollinique chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) : importance du prétraitement." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000737.pdf.
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Jacquard, Cédric. "Embryogenèse pollinique chez l’orge (Hordeum vulgare L. ) : importance du prétraitement." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000737.pdf.
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L'embryogenèse pollinique est une technique d'amélioration des espèces qui permet d'obtenir des plantes haploïdes doublées. Les microspores initialement programmées pour former des grains de pollen sont réorientées afin de produire des plantes haploïdes. Cette technique voit son utilisation réduite chez les céréales à cause de la régénération de plantes albinos. Nous avons cherché à optimiser le protocole afin d'améliorer les rendements en plantules chlorophylliennes chez des cultivars récalcitrants et à identifier les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la réorientation de la microspore en nous focalisant sur les défenses. Notre travail a porté sur la culture d'anthères chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L. ). Afin d'améliorer le protocole, nous avons utilisé le cv. D'hiver Igri régénérant majoritairement des plantules chlorophylliennes et cinq cvs. De printemps produisant exclusivement des plantules albinos. L'apport de sulfate de cuivre dans les milieux de prétraitement et de culture a permis d'augmenter le nombre d'anthères formant des embryons, le nombre de plantules régénérées et le pourcentage de plantules chlorophylliennes régénérées chez l'ensemble des cvs. Testés. L'étude de la saison à laquelle les plantes mères sont cultivées a fait apparaitre que les rendements de la culture d'anthères étaient meilleurs pendant les mois les plus longs de l'année. Nous avons également constaté que les résultats obtenus dépendent de la position de l'épi sur le plateau de tallage. Enfin le suivi de la production d'O2- et le suivi d'expression de différents gènes de réponse aux stress nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'activation des défenses dans l'anthère au cours du prétraitementThe production of doubled haploid through pollen embryogenesis represents a modern tool for the improvement of cultivated species enabling plant breeders to produce homozygous lines in a few months. Pollen embryogenesis consists in the regeneration of haploid plantlets from microspores, which are initially destined to develop into pollen grains. This technique allows to decrease the time and the cost of classical selection, and to study the mechanisms involved in the embryo formation. Albinism restrains the use of pollen embryogenesis in cereals. This study is based on applied and fundamental aspects in order to 1- optimize the anther culture protocol and to improve green plantlet regeneration in recalcitrant cvs. And 2- identify molecular mechanisms involved in the switch of microspore, especially defenses. In order to optimize the protocole of anther culture in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ) we used the winter cv. Igri which regenerates chlorophyllous plantlets at 90%, and 5 spring cvs. Giving rise mostly to albino plantlets. The copper sulphate addition in media improved the anthers response, the quantity of regenerated plantlets and the percentage of regenerated chlorophyllous plantlets, with all tested cvs. Spring and summer are the best seasons for pollen embryogenesis in cvs used. Finally, we noticed that results also depended on spike position on the tillering plate. Our results indicate that the pretreatment induces defence mechanisms in anthers, as revealed by an oxidative burst and expression gene induction. Copper sulphate addition in the media induced more progressive and less important induction of gene expression
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Reisinger, Veronika. "Biogenese photosynthetischer Elektronentransport-Komplexe in Plastiden der Gerste(Hordeum vulgare L.)." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-87700.
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Monteagudo, Gálvez Arantxa. "Phenological adaptation and its genetic mechanisms in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669235.
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A l’ordi, la llum i la temperatura controlen la floració a través de la interacció entre els gens de vernalització i fotoperíode. Es coneix menys sobre l’efecte d’altres atributs, com la qualitat de llum. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi és profunditzar en el control genètic del temps de floració a l’ordi, centrant-se en la temperatura, el fotoperíode i la qualitat espectral, afectarà la fenologia i els gens que controlen. Aquest treball es revela la regulació dels principals gèneres de floració sota condicions no inductives, ha presentat nous candidats de la ruta de floració i ha aprofundit en la resposta als canvis de longitud del dia i de qualitat de llum. Les diferències genotípiques trobades i els mecanismes genètics proposats en aquest treball poden ser útils per al disseny d’idiotips d’ordi millor adaptats per a futures condicions climàtiques.En cebada, la luz y la temperatura controlan la floración a través de la interacción entre los genes de vernalización y fotoperíodo. Se conoce menos sobre el efecto de otros atributos, como la calidad de luz. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es profundizar en el control genético del tiempo de floración en cebada, centrándonos en cómo la temperatura, el fotoperíodo y la calidad espectral, afectan la fenología y los genes que la controlan. En este trabajo se ha revelado la regulación de los principales genes de floración bajo condiciones no-inductivas, se han propuesto nuevos candidatos de la ruta de floración y se ha profundizado en la respuesta a los cambios de longitud de día y de calidad de luz. Las diferencias genotípicas encontradas y los mecanismos genéticos propuestos en este trabajo pueden ser herramientas útiles para el diseño de ideotipos de cebada mejor adaptados para futuras condiciones climáticas.
In barley, temperature and light cues control flowering through the interaction between vernalization and photoperiod genes. Less is known about the effect of other attributes, as light quality. The main objective of this thesis is to increase our knowledge on the genetic control of flowering time in barley, focusing on how temperature, photoperiod and spectral quality, affect to phenology and the flowering time genes. In this work, the regulation of the main flowering genes under non-inductive conditions was revealed, new candidates for the flowering pathway were proposed, and the response to changes in day length and light quality has been deepened. The genotypic differences found and the genetic mechanisms proposed in this work can be useful tools for the design of barley ideotypes better adapted for future climatic conditions.
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Schäfer, Christine. "Etablierung eines Transposon-tagging-Systems in transgener Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967440629.
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Jefferies, Stephen P. "Marker assisted backcrossing for gene introgression in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Title page, contents and chapter 1 only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspj45.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 183-211. This study evaluates the backcross breeding method for the introgression in barley of agronomically important traits into a malting quality background using molecular markers.
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Li, Cheng-dao. "Genetic control of hydrolytic enzymes in germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspl693.pdf.
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Ferreira, Jéssica Rosset. "Variabilidade genética da tolerância ao alumínio em cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128125.
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O Brasil é um importante importador de cevada sendo este cereal um dos mais sensíveis ao alumínio tóxico (Al3+) dentre as gramíneas. O Al3+ inibe o crescimento radicular levando à redução na absorção de água e nutrientes. O gene HvAACT1 codifica um transportador de citrato responsável pela tolerância em cevada. Existe pouca informação sobre a diversidade genética de cevada brasileira e sobre sua variabilidade quanto a tolerância ao Al3+. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar a variabilidade genotípica e fenotípica da tolerância ao Al3+ em genótipos de cevada cultivada e silvestre, analisar a região transcrita do gene HvAACT1 e a diversidade genética de cevada brasileira. Em hidroponia foram fenotipados 65 genótipos (59 de cevada cultivada e seis de silvestre). Com base nestes dados, 22 genótipos foram selecionados para fenotipagem de curta duração em solo. Os genótipos cultivados no Brasil, Antarctica 01 e MN 6021, foram utilizados como controles de tolerância e sensibilidade, respectivamente. Tolerância superior a Antarctica 01 foi encontrada em seis genótipos, e apenas um foi inferior a MN 6021. O genótipo Golden Promise, reconhecido como sensível, foi classificado como tolerante em hidroponia e intermediário em solo. Dentre os genótipos avaliados em solo, Dayton e Murasakimochi superaram Antarctica 01, e a linhagem transgênica L5 apresentou o melhor desempenho. Foi observada correlação de 52% entre as avaliações de hidroponia e solo. O sequenciamento do gene HvAACT1 nos genótipos Antarctica-01 e FM404, tolerantes, e MN 6021 e Paraí-I, sensíveis, revelou alta similaridade da região transcrita. O marcador 21-indel não apresentou associação com a tolerância em hidroponia, entretanto, em solo houve associação. Uma inserção de 1 kb no promotor de HvAACT1, associada à tolerância, foi observada apenas nos genótipos Dayton e Murasakimochi, que foram mais tolerantes que Antarctica-01 em solo e hidroponia. A tolerância ao Al3+ nos genótipos brasileiros não está associada a nenhum dos marcadores analisados. Em relação à variabilidade genética, o conteúdo de informação polimórfica dos materiais brasileiros foi menor uando comparados aos materiais estrangeiros e aos genótipos silvestres. Em geral, a menor diversidade dos materiais brasileiros pode ser explicada pelo uso de ancestrais comuns. O cromossomo 4H, onde reside o gene HvAACT1, apresentou o menor polimorfismo juntamente com o cromossomo 6. A incorporação do alelo contendo a inserção de 1 kb no promotor do gene HvAACT1, bem como a utilização da linhagem transgênica L5, podem ser alternativas para melhorar o desempenho de cevada brasileira em solo ácido. Os programas de melhoramento de cevada no Brasil devem considerar o uso de materiais mais diversos no sentido de aumentar a tolerância de cevada e, eventualmente, rendimento.Brazil is an important barley importer being that cereal one of the most sensitives to toxic aluminium (Al3+) among grasses. The Al3+ inhibits root growth, which can lead to reduced uptake of water and nutrients. The HvAACT1 gene encodes a citrate transporter responsible for Al3+ tolerance in barley. There is little information about the genetic diversity in Brazilian barley and about its variability regarding Al3+ tolerance. In this context, the objectives of this study were to characterize the Al3+ tolerance and the genetic variability of cultivated and wild genotypes from the Embrapa Wheat barley core collection, to analyze the transcribed region of the HvAACT1 gene and genetic diversity in Brasilian barley. Phenotyping was performed in hydroponics for 65 genotypes (59 cultivated and six wild genotypes). Based on the hydroponics data, 22 genotypes were selected for short-term soil experiment. The genotypes grown in Brazil, Antarctica 01 and MN 6021, were used as tolerant and sensitive controls, respectively. Tolerance higher than Antarctica 01 was found in six genotypes and only one showed higher sensitivity than MN 6021. The genotype Golden Promise, worldwide recognized as sensitive, was classified as tolerant in hydroponics and intermediate in soil. In soil, Dayton and Murasakimochi surpassed Antarctica 01, and the transgenic line, L5, presented the best performance. A 52% correlation was obtained between the hydroponics and soil data. The structural region of the HvAACT1 gene was highly similar between the genotypes Antarctica 01 and FM404, tolerant, and MN 6021 e Paraí-I, sensitive. The 21-indel marker could not be associated with tolerance based on the hydroponics data, however, in soil, a correlation was detected. The 1 kb insertion in the HvAACT1 promoter region, which is associated with tolerance, was identified only in Dayton and Murasakimochi, which performed better than Antarctica01 in soil and hydroponics. The variability in Al3+ tolerance among Brazilian genotypes is not associated with the analyzed markers. About the genetic variability, the polymorphic information content among Brazilian genotypes was lower in comparison to the foreign and wild accessions. In general, the lower diversity in Brazilian barley can be explained by the use of common ancestors. Chromosome 4, where the HvAACT1 gene is located, presented the lowest polymorphism together with chromosome 6. The incorporation of the allele containing the 1 kb insertion in the HvAACT1 promoter region as well as the utilization of the transgenic line L5 could be alternatives to improve the performance of Brazilian barley in acidic soil. The barley breeding programs in Brazil should consider the use of more diverse materials in order to increase the barley tolerance to stresses and, eventually yield.
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Murcia, Julian Alejandro Giraldo. "Ação de reguladores vegetais em trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-28092016-114839/.
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Os vegetais possuem metabólitos endógenos circulantes nos tecidos, que não necessariamente possuem função nutricional, mas atuam na regulação do crescimento e do desenvolvimento, os hormônios vegetais. Estes, quando utilizados exogenamente, permitem ações planejadas no crescimento das plantas. Igualmente, análogos sintéticos com ação semelhante vêm sendo utilizados na agricultura com o mesmo objetivo. No entanto, o efeito destes reguladores vegetais é variável entre as espécies e em suas fases fenológicas, com necessidade de estudos especificos que propiciem respostas adequadas aos objetivos de sua aplicação. Da mesma forma, encontramos também moléculas capazes de atuar na produção endógena de hormônios, limitando ou induzindo sua produção, afetando os processos de crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal. A aplicação de tais substâncias na agricultura pode ser benéfica no controle do crescimento vegetal, revertendo a energia produzida pela fotossíntese para a produção dos cultivos. Diversos cultivos, incluindo os de cereais, tendem à um crescimento vegetativo exagerado com o incremento do uso de fertilizantes, causando quedas de produtividade e problemas na colheita devido ao acamamento das plantas. Diante disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações morfológicas e fisiológicas do uso de reguladores vegetais na cultura do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e da cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.), visando redução do porte das plantas sem alterações ou com incremento de produção. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos com ambas espécies de cereais, semeadas em vasos. As aplicações dos tratamentos foram realizadas no início da fase de alongamento do colmo. Nos experimentos, foram avaliados os efeitos da pulverização foliar de diferentes reguladores vegetais que restringem a síntese de giberelina na planta: ácido abscísico (ABA), etil trinexpac (Moddus), daminozide (SADH), ethephon (Ethrel) e cloreto de clormequat (CCC). Foram avaliadas variáveis relacionadas ao retardamento do crescimento vegetativo e à produção de carboidratos, assim como a produção das plantas tratadas, tais como: altura das plantas, índice SPAD, transpiração, condutância estomática e massa seca do caule e espigas. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativos, os tratamentos foram comparados pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A pulverização de ABA, SADH e Ethrel diminuiu significativamente a massa seca do colmo e promoveu retardamento do crescimento, no entanto, a aplicação de ABA aumentou significativamente o índice de colheita, assim como a massa seca dos grãos. Tratamentos com duas pulverizações de ABA 24 g L-1, com uma semana de intervalo restringiu o alongamento da planta, melhorando a arquitetura da mesma, o teor de clorofila e as trocas gasosas, nas culturas de trigo e cevada, estimulando incremento de 23% na massa seca dos grãos de trigo e de 33% em cevada; assim sendo, a aplicação deste retardante de crescimento pode ser considerada para ser utilizada em lavouras de cereais.Plant tissues contain circulating endogenous metabolites which not necessarily play nutritional function but can regulate growth, plant hormones, that can be also exogenously applied for planned effects in plant growth. These molecules when sprayed on plants allow desirable effects on the plant growth. Moreover, synthetic analogues with similar action have been used in agriculture for the same purpose. However, the effect of growth regulators is variable among species and their phoenological stages, requiring specific studies that provide appropriate responses to their application. Similarly, there are also capable of acting on endogenous hormone production, limiting or stimulating their biosynthesis and consequently affecting the processes of growth and plant development. The application of such molecules in agriculture can be beneficial in controlling the plant growth, reversing the energy produced by photosynthesis for that growth to agronomic yield of crops. Several crops, including cereals, tend to respond with excessive vegetative growth to the increase of fertilizer application causing productivity decreases and damages to the crop due to the plant lodging. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the morphological and physiological changes by the use of plant growth regulators on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), aiming the reduction of the plant size and increases of productivity. The experiments were conducted with both cereal species sown in pots. The applications of the treatments were performed at the beginning of stem elongation stage The effects of foliar application of different plant growth regulators that restrict the gibberellin synthesis in the plant were evaluated: Abscisic acid (ABA), trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus), Daminozide (SADH), Ethephon (Ethrel), and chlormequat chloride (CCC). The following variables were measured: plant height, SPAD index (indirect chlorophyll content), transpiration, stomatal conductance, and dry mass of stems and spikelets. The data were analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The spray with ABA, SADH, and Ethrel decreased significantly the dry mass of the stem and promoted growth retardation (plant height). However, the application of ABA increased significantly the harvest index, as well as the dry mass of the grains. Treatments with two sprays of ABA (24 g L-1), with an interval of a week restricted the plant growth in height improving the architecture thereof, chlorophyll content, and gas exchange, resulting in an increment of 23% and 33% in dry matter of grains of wheat and barley, respectively. Therefore, the application of ABA may be considered as an alternative for improving the productivity of cereal crops.
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Plöscher, Matthias. "Analyse membranständiger Subproteome aus Etioplasten und Chloroplasten der Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-93563.
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Scheer, Christian Ernst. "Transport, Kompartimentierung und Abbau von glutathionhaltigen Fremdstoffmetaboliten in Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969381697.
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Eglinton, Jason Konrad. "Novel alleles from wild barley for breeding malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) /." Title page, abstact and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe313.pdf.
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Clark, Dale Rogers. "Methods of screening for induced apomictic mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184354.
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Plants that are heterozygous for genetic markers but do not produce segregating progeny may be suspected of carrying a mutation conditioning apomixis. Seed stocks in which heterozygous plants could be identified phenotypically were treated with a chemical mutagen. These seed stocks were heterozygous for recessive genetic markers, and/or heterozygous for a chromosome translocation. Spikes from heterozygous M1 plants were harvested and seeded in bulk. Spikes from heterozygous M2 plants were harvested and planted in M3 rows. The M3 rows were observed for the absence of segregating progeny and/or were observed cytologically for the presence of a heterozygous translocation. M3 rows not segregating for the genetic markers were crossed onto plants homozygous for the genetic markers. The F1 progenies were observed for an expected ratio of 1 normal: 1 recessive plant. All nonsegregating lines were found to be non-heterozygous. These lines most likely occurred due to seed and pollen contamination or were the result of crossing over between genetic markers. Fertile M2 plants were harvested from the treated heterozygous translocation seed stock. Normally, barley plants heterozygous for a translocation will produce semisterile spikes. Plants that would normally be semisterile but are fertile could be carrying a mutation conditioning apomixis. Progeny of the fertile M2 plants were examined cytologically for the presence of the heterozygous translocation. All selected lines contained the normal seven pairs of chromosomes and were the result of seed or pollen contamination. Seed stocks which could eliminate the problem of contamination in future experiments were developed and discussed. Haploviable mutants closely linked with the male sterile locus, msg2, were isolated in these seed stocks. Haploviable mutants are recognized by upset genetic ratios of alleles linked with the mutant. Selfed progenies of plants carrying a haploviable mutation contained fertile and male sterile plants in about a 1:1 ratio. Mostly male sterile progenies were obtained when plants heterozygous for the haploviable mutant and the male sterile allele were crossed onto male sterile plants. Four lines containing haploviable mutants were evaluated for their usefulness in producing all male sterile lines for hybrid barley production.
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Wei, Wenxue. "Physiological and molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/93525.
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Nobre, Jose Manso Preto. "Studies on methods for the genetic manipulation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336932.
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Shaik̲h̲, Naṣīruddīn. "Spatial regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in a monocotyledonous leaf (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301274.
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Plöscher, Matthias. "Analyse membranständiger Subproteome aus Etioplasten und Chloroplasten der Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L.)." kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/9356/.
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Gould, Nicholas. "The role of phloem in K'+ nutrition of barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395733.
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Santos, Alexandre Barreto Almeida dos [UNESP]. "Períodos críticos de défices hídricos em cultivares de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93785.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a tolerancia a seca em seis cultivares de cevada (Borema, Lagoa, BRS . 180, BRS . 195, BRS . 225 e EMB . 128), por meio da imposicao de ciclos de seca em diferentes estagios fenologicos da cultura e tambem, alguns parametros de produtividade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: tratamento 1 - Vasos irrigados constantemente ate o final do ciclo da cultura; tratamento 2 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 45 Dias apos a semeadura (DAS); tratamento 3 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 65 DAS e tratamento 4 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 83 DAS. Foram avaliados parametros fisiologicos: Resistencia difusiva ao vapor de agua (Rs), Teor relativo de agua (TRA) e Potencial de agua na folha ( æf); tambem parametros de produtividade: Altura, Materia seca da parte aerea, Numero de espigas, Tamanho das espigas e peso de graos. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados: quatro blocos, seis cultivares de cevada e quatro tratamentos, totalizando noventa e seis unidades experimentais. O experimento foi conduzido durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2005, em estufa plastica localizada na area experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas de Botucatu . UNESP. Os dados analisados permitiram concluir que todas as cultivares de cevada apresentaram adaptacao ao deficit hidrico e a cultivar EMB . 128 foi a que mais se adaptou as condicoes de seca. O deficit hidrico quando ocorre na fase de florescimento e grao leitoso afeta com maior severidade o peso de graos.
The objective of this research was to study drought tolerance in six barley cultivars (Borema, Lagoa, BRS-180, BRS-195, EMB-128 e BRS-225), with application of cycle of water deficit in differents phenological phases of crop and evaluate yield parameters. The treatments were: treatment 1 - pots constantlly irrigated until hardest; treatment 2 - Cycle of water deficit started 45 days from the sowing (DFS); treatment 3 - Cycle of water deficit started 65 DFS and treatment 4 - Cycle of water deficit started 83 DFS. The following physiological parameters were evaluated: Leaf diffusive resistance to Water vapour (Rs), Relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential (Øl); yield parameters: height, dry matter of air part, spikes number, spikes size and weight of grains. Pots were arranged in a randomized block with four treatments, four blocks and six barley cultivars, resulting in ninety six vases. The experiment was conducted during months of august to november 2005, at plastic greenhouse localizated in experimental area of Rural Engenieer Department of UNESP Botucatu. 4 The results showed that all barley cultivars had adaptation to deficit water and the cultivar EMB-128 had better adaptation. When water deficit occur in flowering phase and milky grain the wheight of grain is affected with severity.
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Santos, Alexandre Barreto Almeida dos 1977. "Períodos críticos de défices hídricos em cultivares de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) /." Botucatu: [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93785.
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Orientador: Antonio Evaldo KlarBanca: João Carlos Cury Saad
Banca: Mariana Fraga S. Muçouçah
Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a tolerancia a seca em seis cultivares de cevada (Borema, Lagoa, BRS . 180, BRS . 195, BRS . 225 e EMB . 128), por meio da imposicao de ciclos de seca em diferentes estagios fenologicos da cultura e tambem, alguns parametros de produtividade. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: tratamento 1 - Vasos irrigados constantemente ate o final do ciclo da cultura; tratamento 2 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 45 Dias apos a semeadura (DAS); tratamento 3 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 65 DAS e tratamento 4 - Ciclo de seca iniciado aos 83 DAS. Foram avaliados parametros fisiologicos: Resistencia difusiva ao vapor de agua (Rs), Teor relativo de agua (TRA) e Potencial de agua na folha (æf); tambem parametros de produtividade: Altura, Materia seca da parte aerea, Numero de espigas, Tamanho das espigas e peso de graos. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados: quatro blocos, seis cultivares de cevada e quatro tratamentos, totalizando noventa e seis unidades experimentais. O experimento foi conduzido durante os meses de agosto a novembro de 2005, em estufa plastica localizada na area experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas de Botucatu . UNESP. Os dados analisados permitiram concluir que todas as cultivares de cevada apresentaram adaptacao ao deficit hidrico e a cultivar EMB . 128 foi a que mais se adaptou as condicoes de seca. O deficit hidrico quando ocorre na fase de florescimento e grao leitoso afeta com maior severidade o peso de graos.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to study drought tolerance in six barley cultivars (Borema, Lagoa, BRS-180, BRS-195, EMB-128 e BRS-225), with application of cycle of water deficit in differents phenological phases of crop and evaluate yield parameters. The treatments were: treatment 1 - pots constantlly irrigated until hardest; treatment 2 - Cycle of water deficit started 45 days from the sowing (DFS); treatment 3 - Cycle of water deficit started 65 DFS and treatment 4 - Cycle of water deficit started 83 DFS. The following physiological parameters were evaluated: Leaf diffusive resistance to Water vapour (Rs), Relative water content (RWC) and leaf water potential (Øl); yield parameters: height, dry matter of air part, spikes number, spikes size and weight of grains. Pots were arranged in a randomized block with four treatments, four blocks and six barley cultivars, resulting in ninety six vases. The experiment was conducted during months of august to november 2005, at plastic greenhouse localizated in experimental area of Rural Engenieer Department of UNESP Botucatu. 4 The results showed that all barley cultivars had adaptation to deficit water and the cultivar EMB-128 had better adaptation. When water deficit occur in flowering phase and milky grain the wheight of grain is affected with severity.
Mestre
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Soares, Rosane Michele Duarte. "Caracterização parcial de amido em cultivares brasileiros de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86364.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência dos AlimentosMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T06:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 199909.pdf: 3979276 bytes, checksum: e3209d8d0cc0654ee9ac1cef5e84cd0a (MD5)
Neste trabalho foram analisados dois cultivares brasileiros de cevada com o objetivo de se determinar a composição físico-química da farinha, realizar o isolamento do amido, determinar a composição química do mesmo e avaliar o poder de inchamento e solubilidade relacionando estas propriedades com a composição química do amido isolado. Na segunda parte deste trabalho foram estudadas as propriedades térmicas, microscópicas e reológicas do amido isolado. Os cultivares selecionados foram: o cervejeiro, BR-2 e um nu, ainda em caráter experimental no país. As análises físico-químicas foram conduzidas seguindo as normas da American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) e todas foram realizadas em triplicata, considerando-se significativo valores de p £ 0,05. Os resultados da composição físico-química da farinha, mostraram valores significativamente diferentes entre os dois cultivares (p £ 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os valores de b-glucanas. O amido isolado apresentou diferença significativa para os teores de amido, proteínas, lipídios, amilose e cinzas (p £ 0,05). O conteúdo de amilose parece ter influenciado diretamente nas características de inchamento e solubilidade. Para as propriedades térmicas foram observadas diferenças (p £ 0.05) quanto à temperatura de gelatinização. O estudo de retrogradação (8 dias de estocagem/ 4 ºC) revelou que os dois cultivares apresentaram índices elevados da mesma ( > 70%). A microscopia óptica aliada à técnica de DSC, pôde ilustrar e confirmar a perda de birrefringência durante o processo de gelatinização. As propriedades de pasta revelaram maior pico de viscosidade para o cultivar nu. As curvas de fluxo realizadas caracterizaram o amido isolado como dilatante e os experimentos oscilatórios demonstraram que G' e G" comportaram-se de maneira semelhante durante o aquecimento e resfriamento da suspensão de amido. Os valores de tan d diminuíram a medida que G' e G" aumentavam comprovando a formação de gel. As diferenças observadas entre os dois cultivares com relação às demais análises realizadas podem ter sido resultantes das técnicas de escolha para o isolamento e/ou ainda devido às características genéticas e ambientais de cada cultivar.
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Kroth, Mariela Aparecida. "Caracterização molecular de cultivares brasileiros de cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) por RAPD." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86779.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência dos AlimentosMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T10:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
A cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) é amplamente empregada na produção de cerveja e na ração animal. Recentemente, esse grão se tornou importante na alimentação humana, devido ao seu valor nutricional, especialmente a cevada nua. Existem diferenças significativas nas características nutricionais e para malteação entre as diversas variedades de cevada. O procedimento RAPD é capaz de separar variedades de cevada em vários níveis de similaridade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar por RAPD seis cultivares Brasileiras de cevada nua, sete cultivares Brasileiras de cevada cervejeira e uma cultivar Norte-americana com característica cervejeira (Harrington). O DNA foi extraído com CTAB de folhas das plantas de cada cultivar. Reações de PCR foram realizadas com onze iniciadores aleatórios. Um total de 34 fragmentos de amplificação foi obtido com cinco iniciadores, 100% foram fragmentos polimórficos. Baseado no coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard, um dendrograma foi construído. As variedades de cevada apresentaram um coeficiente médio de similaridade de 0,53. A análise individual das variedades mostrou monomorfismo intravarietal, ou seja, bandas monomórficas presentes em todos os indivíduos de uma mesma variedade. Essas bandas monomórficas foram consideradas bandas marcadoras, permitindo a diferenciação entre esses cultivares. Os coeficientes de similaridade intravarietal variaram de 0,53 a 0,87. Essa caracterização molecular utilizando RAPD é importante para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de futuros programas de melhoramento de cevada.
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Keshtkar, Amir Hossein. "Genetic and physiological basis of drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491363.
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'Vater availability is the main factor limiting agricultural productivity and may result in considerable yield reduction around the world. Therefore, identification of genetic variation for drought tolerance and exposure of this variation to appropriate drought conditions for selection are the main objectives of research for many crop plants. In this study twenty-five barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations consisting of accessions, landraces and modern varieties from different parts of the world, mainly arid, semi-arid and Mediterranean regions, were grown in PEG (6000) solutions in a controlled-temperature growth room. All measurements on physiological and genedc aspects of drought tolerance were made after one and two weeks' growth. Results from the screening trial indicated that increasing PEG concentrations caused significant reductions in root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot of all populations. Root to shoot dry weight ratio increased with decreasing water potential. Importantly populations responded differently to PEG treatments. There was considerable variation amongst populations in response to drought stress. Estimation of broad-sense heritability (1t 2 B) for root and shoot traits showed that a great proportion of the variation in response to drought was genetically determined. Results from principle component analysis indicated that screening could be carried out on the basis of the root to shoot dry weight ratio, which had higher genotypic· coefficient variability and phenotypic coefficient variability under drought stress. Populations 'PK 30109', 'PK 30118' were relatively tolerant whilst cuItivar 'Rihane-03'and landrace 'Shair' were intermediate and 'Ir. line', with a lower relative root length and root to shoot dry weight ratio was relatively sensitive. Accumulation of most solutes in roots and shoots increased due to both drought and salinity. Proline and glycine-betaine in leaves increased in stress conditions, whereas the level of polyols in soil culture increased under drought stress, whilst it decreased in saline conditions. Total amino acids concentration increased in saline and PEG treatments, but there were no differences between controls and stressed-plants grown in soil culture. Populations varied in solute accumulation. Although both organic and inorganic solutes contributed to osmotic adjustment, the major contribution was made by inorganic solutes in drought conditions. Potassium content increased in drought conditions (PEG and soil culture), but was constant in saline conditions. Drought-stressed plants accumulated more sodium compared to control conditions. The ~/Na+ ratio reduced with the decrease in plant growth under drought stress, so that in the soil experiment landrace 'Shair' showed higher leaf ~lNa+ ratio in drought stress compared to 'Rihane-03' and 'Ir. line'. Potassium and total water soluble carbohydrates had higher concentrations than other solutes in drought conditions. Salinity decreased all aspects of growth, but was more severe in root characters including length, fresh and dry weight. In contrast drought stress caused greater reductions in the shoot than the root. Relative water content decreased due to drought and salt stresses, whilst osmotic adjustments increased in both stress conditions..Membrane stability index decreased with decrease in leaf water potential induced by PEG. Supplied by The British Library - 'The world's knowledge'
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El-Zayadi, Fawzi. "A genetic analysis of harvest index in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65362.
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Wagner, Walter. "Dynamik und intrazelluläre Lokalisation des Fructanstoffwechsels in Gerste (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Gerbel) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7848.
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Senns, Bianca. "Untersuchungen zur Gibberellinkonjugation in Gerstenkaryopsen (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya und cv. Salome)." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960681418.
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Sarkar, Sunita. "Relationship between gibberellins, height and stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ56695.pdf.
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Ranford, Julia Claire. "Studies on the expression of dormancy-related genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/602.
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Wilson, Christine M. "Molecular and cellular studies of early endosperm development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5099/.
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Barley grain is an important commercial crop, being used mainly as an animal feed and in the production of malt for the brewing and distilling industries. The protein and carbohydrate composition of the endosperm (the major storage tissue) determines the grain quality and suitability for different end uses. The differentiation and maturation stages of endosperm development have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular biology of the syncytial and cellularisation stages of development which occur within the first 8 days post anthesis (DPA). Events occurring during this period of development are particularly important as the overall pattern for the development and structure of the grain is laid down. Patterns of gene expression during the syncytial and cellularisation stages were investigated. A cDNA library was constructed from whole caryopses aged between 1 and 10 DPA. This cDNA library was then differentially screened using mRNA from 3 and 10 DPA caryopses. Northern and dot blot analysis led to the isolation of a number of clones which appear to show variation in level of expression. Partial sequencing of some of these clones and FASTA analysis (Genetics Computer Group, 1991) has shown four clones to have significant identity to sequences in the databases. These clones were clone 27B which showed identity to Ketol acid reductoisomerase (KARI) sequences, clone 16D which showed identity to Caffeoyl CoA-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) sequences, clone 3B which showed identity to sucrose synthase sequences and clone 16B which showed identity to blue copper-binding protein sequences. A further 4 clones which were sequenced showed no significant identity to data base entries following FASTA analysis (Genetics Computer Group, 1991). The temporal and spatial distribution of these clones within tissues of barley caryopses was then analysed by in-situ hybrdisation. None were found to be associated uniquely with the endosperm tissues of barley caryopses. However, there were indications that the expression of the genes represented by the cDNA clones might vary during the course of development. Immunolocation studies utilising a set of JIM (John Innes Monoclonal) antibodies (and MAC207), which recognise carbohydrate epitopes of arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) were also carried out. AGPs have been associated with the plant cell surface and have been ascribed a number of possible functions related to developmental processes. The temporal and spatial distribution of AGPs within barley endosperm was analysed using sections from fixed and embedded barley caryopses and immunolocalisation techniques at the light microscope level. This revealed that at least one AGP epitope, recognised by JIM13, was expressed during early barley grain formation. JIM 13 binding was observed in developing barley caryopses at the beginning of endosperm cellularisation. It was localised to the first anticlinal and then periclinal endosperm cell walls, to the crease region and the nucellar/endosperm boundary. It was not observed in any caryopsis tissue at the earlier stage of syncytial endosperm and unfortunately its distribution could not be studied at later stages of endosperm development because of poor structural integrity within the sections.
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Christodoulou, Vangelis. "Genetic and molecular characterization of early maturity mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268511.
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Dayteg, Christophe. "Automation of molecular markers in practical breeding of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) /." Alnarp : Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultaral Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007132.pdf.
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