Journal articles: 'Honeyeaters, NSW'

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L. Oliver, D., and G. W. Lollback. "Breeding habitat selection by the endangered Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia (Meliphagidae) at the local and landscape scale." Pacific Conservation Biology 16, no. 1 (2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc100027.

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This is the first Australian study to apply logistical modelling techniques to describe the breeding habitat selection of a widely dispersed, highly mobile, threatened bird species. Landscape and microhabitat structural attributes of breeding habitat occupied by the endangered Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia in the Bundarra-Barraba region of northern NSW were compared to those of unoccupied habitat using logistic regression modelling. Models containing landscape scale variables were best at explaining Regent Honeyeater presence. Regent Honeyeater occupation was negatively associated with the amount of woodland cover surrounding a site (1 km and 2 km radius) and distance to patch edge, and was positively associated with site connectivity and linear remnants. Linear, well-connected woodland patches surrounded by cleared grazing land are typical of the remnant native vegetation occupied by Regent Honeyeaters in the Bundarra-Barraba region. The landscape models developed here can be used to identify potential new sites for protection and rehabilitation, and to assess the suitability of unsurveyed or unoccupied sites for the release of captively bred Regent Honeyeaters, which is identified as one of the priority recovery action for the species.

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Weathers, WW, DC Paton, and RS Seymour. "Field Metabolic Rate and Water Flux of Nectarivorous Honeyeaters." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 5 (1996): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960445.

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Field metabolic rate (FMR) and water influx of New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), eastern spinebills (Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris) and a crescent honeyeater (P. pyrrhoptera) were measured by the doubly labelled water technique. New Holland honeyeaters had just finished breeding and were beginning their summer moult. They ranged in mass from 15.4 to 21.0 g (mean = 17.3 g, n = 12) and had FMRs averaging 8.8 mt CO2 g(-1) h(-1) or 77.6 kJ day(-1), which was 2.8 times their measured basal metabolic rate (BMR). Their water influx rate averaged 10.7 mL day(-1). Eastern spinebills were still feeding young and had yet to begin moulting. They ranged in mass from 8.0 to 10.7 g (mean = 9.7 g, n = 6), had FMRs averaging 10.9 mL CO2 g(-1) h(-1) or 52.9 kJ day(-1) (2.5 times their measured BMR), and had an average water influx rate of 8.7 mL day(-1). FMR and water influx of a single 14.6-g crescent honeyeater, which was in late primary moult, were 75.9 kJ day(-1) (2.7 times measured BMR) and 12.5 mL day(-1). The FMR of New Holland honeyeaters varied inversely with mean standard operative temperature (T-es) calculated for values of T-es below 20 degrees C as follows: FMR (kJ day(-1)) = 134 - 5.47 T-es (n = 12, r(2) = 0.52). Honeyeater FMRs were much lower than would be predicted allometrically for hummingbirds of the same mass, reflecting the honeyeaters' low-cost foraging tactic of consuming nectar while perched.

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Driskell, Amy, Les Christidis, B. J. Gill, Walter E. Boles, F. Keith Barker, and N. W. Longmore. "A new endemic family of New Zealand passerine birds: adding heat to a biodiversity hotspot." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 2 (2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07007.

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The results of phylogenetic analysis of two molecular datasets sampling all three endemic New Zealand ‘honeyeaters’ (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, Anthornis melanura and Notiomystis cincta) are reported. The undisputed relatedness of the first two species to other honeyeaters (Meliphagidae), and a close relationship between them, are demonstrated. However, our results confirm that Notiomystis is not a honeyeater, but is instead most closely related to the Callaeidae (New Zealand wattlebirds) represented by Philesturnus carunculatus in our study. An estimated divergence time for Notiomystis and Philesturnus of 33.8 mya (Oligocene) suggests a very long evolutionary history of this clade in New Zealand. As a taxonomic interpretation of these data we place Notiomystis in a new family of its own which takes the name Notiomystidae. We expect this new phylogenetic and taxonomic information to assist policy decisions for the conservation of this rare bird.

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Oliver, Damon L. "Activity budget of the regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 6 (2001): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00034.

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One of the suggested reasons for the decline of the endangered regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, is a decrease in foraging efficiency and increase in competition for resources due to the loss, fragmentation and degradation of woodlands and other habitats in south-eastern Australia. This study investigated the general behaviour of regent honeyeaters over 26 months during breeding and non-breeding seasons at three distinct locations in northern New South Wales. At the three locations, regent honeyeaters spent, on average, 43–52% of total time foraging, 22–40% resting, 6–10% flying, and 1.8–2.9% involved in aggression. In the Bundarra–Barraba region, regent honeyeaters spent 24% of total time breeding. In 1994 in the Warrumbungle National Park, birds that fed primarily on nectar spent more time in aggressive acts than birds that fed mostly on lerp. In 1995 in the Bundarra–Barraba region, nectar-feeding birds spent significantly less time foraging and more time in aggressive acts than lerp-feeding birds. In 1994, regent honeyeaters at Howes Valley spent less time foraging and in aggression and greater time resting in the afternoon than at other times of the day. In 1996 in the Bundarra–Barraba region, birds spent the greatest amount of time in aggressive acts and the least amount of time resting in the morning compared with other times of the day. Non-breeding regent honeyeaters in the Bundarra–Barraba region spent more time foraging, less time resting and less time in aggression in 1995 than in 1996. Non-breeding birds, on average, chased other birds 12.5 times per hour compared with an average of 20 times for breeding birds. Regent honeyeaters displayed a behavioural repertoire and proportion of time in different activities that is typical of other honeyeaters. Overall, this study showed that regent honeyeaters are not consistently or frequently suffering from a lack of, or problems with access to, food.

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Goulding, William, Patrick Moss, and Clive McAlpine. "Additional notes on the life history of the Tagula Honeyeater Microptilotis vicina in Papua New Guinea." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38038043.

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We revisited a location to study previously individually marked Tagula Honeyeaters Microptilotis vicina in 2019, 3 years after the original 2016 study on Junet Island, Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. Re-encountered Tagula Honeyeaters indicated sedentary behaviour across years and an average annual adult survival rate of ≥0.75. We made the first observations of building and laying at two nests, and recorded nesting habits in the species. Tagula Honeyeaters showed the general trend in the honeyeater family of only the female building the nest and incubating. Nests were similar to those previously observed and to those of related species. Clutch-size in both nests was two and laying was on consecutive days. Eggs were white to off-white, with a ring of liver-brown spots and markings around the larger end. Incubation began on the day that the second egg was laid and lasted 14 days in both nests. Males visited the nest area only after the eggs hatched. At one nest, the nestling period was suspected to be 12 days. These limited observations of the only endemic island representative in Microptilotis indicate that, like plumage characters, breeding parameters remain similar within the genus.

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STIRNEMANN, REBECCA L., MURRAY A. POTTER, DAVID BUTLER, and EDWARD O. MINOT. "Slow life history traits in an endangered tropical island bird, the Ma’oma’o." Bird Conservation International 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270915000234.

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SummaryAn effective conservation strategy for a species requires knowledge of its biology and life history. This applies to the endangered Ma’oma’o Gymnomyza samoensis, a honeyeater endemic to the Samoan archipelago. Now locally extinct in American Samoa, this species is currently found only in declining numbers on the islands of Upolu and Savai’i in Samoa. Despite being endangered, the life history and breeding behaviour of the Ma’oma’o has not been documented previously. Here we examine Ma’oma’o nesting and breeding biology, which are unique among studied honeyeaters and unusual for passerines in general. Ma’oma’o lay only a single egg per clutch and have an extended breeding season that occurs outside the rainy season and peaks during budburst. Allometric analysis of the length of the nesting period of different honeyeaters versus adult body weight showed that Ma’oma’o remain in the nest for a longer period than expected for their body size. The post-fledging dependency period of 2.5–3 months was also extended compared to other honeyeater species. No Ma’oma’o were observed re-nesting after successfully raising a chick, though pairs attempted to re-nest following breeding failure. Despite the extended breeding season, the maximum annual reproductive capacity of Ma’oma’o is limited by their one-egg clutch and failure to nest again after fledging one chick. We discuss how these slow life history traits can influence conservation strategies, affect monitoring and limit recovery.

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Pyke, GH, M. Christy, and RE Major. "Territoriality in Honeyeaters: Reviewing the Concept and Evaluating Available Information." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 3 (1996): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960297.

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We define territorial behaviour as aggressive behaviour that occurs repeatedly in about the same location with associated submissive behaviour on the part of the individuals or groups to which the aggression is directed. Of a worldwide total of about 170 honeyeater species (Meliphagidae), 36 have been described as being territorial and we consider that 28 of these have been shown to satisfy our definition of territoriality. We discuss the consequences of territorial behaviour and the determination of the boundaries and areas of territories. We also review the available information regarding territorial behaviour exhibited by the New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), the most studied of all honeyeater species. We recommend that future descriptions of territorial behaviour attempt to determine the intensity of the behaviour, sharpness of the territory boundary, degree of exclusive use of the relevant resource, and the extent to which areas separate from the territory are used by the territory owner or owners. For territoriality to become a useful concept for honeyeaters, behaviour that leads to the label of 'territorial' must be fully documented.

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Wooller, RD, KC Richardson, and CM Pagendham. "The Digestion of Pollen by Some Australian Birds." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 4 (1988): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880357.

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About one-third of all banksia pollen grains excreted 1-2 hours after ingestion by captive New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae), zebra finches (Poephila guttata) and budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), had lost their protoplasmic contents. Most pollen passed through the digestive systems of these birds in 4-5 hours and up to 44% of grains were digested. The faeces of wild purple- crowned lorikeets (Glossopsitta porphyrocephala) showed a similar proportion of empty grains. In the budgerigar, honeyeater and lorikeet, loss of contents of pollen grains occurred, not in the stomach, but progressively along the intestine.

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Woodside, D. P., and G. H. Pyke. "A Comparison of Bats and Birds as Pollinators of Banksia integrifolia in Northern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95009.

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We captured Queensland Blossom Bats (Syconycteris australis) feeding at the flowers of Banksia integrifolia during the night and several honeyeater species feeding at the same flowers during the day. Nearby were flowering Melaleuca quinquenervia and various forested areas including littoral rainforest. Honeyeaters appear to be more frequent visitors to the Banksia flowers than Blossom Bats but less effective at transporting pollen. When they are feeding at Banksia flowers both birds and bats carry pollen on the parts of their bodies that contact successive inflorescences. Hence, both honeyeaters and bats are likely to be pollinators of B. integrifolia in our study area. However, the flowers produce nectar and dehisce pollen primarily at night, suggesting that Blossom Bats are more important than honeyeaters as pollinators of this plant. Banksia pollen was the most common item in the diet of the Blossom Bats during our study and the bats were able to digest the contents of this pollen. Interestingly, the diet of these animals also included relatively small amounts of Melaleuca pollen, fruit and arthropods. The spatial and temporal patterns of capture of the Blossom Bats suggested that Blossom Bats prefer to forage at Banksia flowers that are near to the forested areas and that adult bats may influence where and when younger bats feed. Banksia integrifolia appears to produce nectar mostly during the night and/or early morning in two different locations, one coastal and one on the tablelands, but shows different daily patterns of pollen anthesis in these locations.

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10

Oliver, Damon L. "The breeding behaviour of the endangered regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, near Armidale, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 2 (1998): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97028.

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The regent honeyea ter, Xanthomyza phrygia, is an endangered woodland bird whose range and population size have decreased in the last thirty years. Suggested reasons for this decline include abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive output, and excessive inter- and intra-specific aggression. This study investigated the breeding behaviour and aggressive interactions of regent honeyeaters during the nest construction, incubation, nestling, and fledgling stages in two consecutive breeding seasons in the Bundarra–Barraba region near Armidale, New South Wales. The female was entirely responsible for nest construction and incubation, which is typical of many honeyeaters. Both parents fed the nestlings, and at a similar rate, although only the female brooded chicks on the nest. Both parents fed the fledglings. The mean frequency at which nestlings (23 times per hour) and fledglings (29 times per hour) were fed is the highest published rate of any non-cooperative honeyeater. Breeding males were involved in significantly more aggressive interactions with conspecifics and other nectarivores than were females, although the overall percentage of day-time spent in aggression for both sexes was low (2.5%). It appears that abnormal breeding behaviour, poor reproductive effort, or excessive aggression are not experienced by this species in northern New South Wales, and that other factors are likely to be responsible for its current low population level.

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Oliver, Damon L. "The importance of insects and lerp in the diet of juvenile regent honeyeaters, Xanthomyza phrygia: implications for the conservation of an endangered woodland bird." Wildlife Research 25, no. 4 (1998): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97078.

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The dietary items fed to regent honeyeater, Xanthomyza phrygia, nestlings and fledglings by adults were recorded in two consecutive breeding seasons in the Bundarra–Barraba region west of Armidale, New South Wales. Insects were the most common dietary items fed to juveniles (53% of identified items), followed by lerp (26.5%) and nectar (20.5%). Nestlings were fed mostly insects (58% of feeds), and carbohydrates (nectar and lerp) made up the rest of their diet. Fledglings, however, were fed mainly carbohydrates (nectar and lerp comprised 61.2% of all items) while protein from insects was the other major component of their diet. Males tended to feed juveniles more insects than did females, although there were no significant divisions of labour between parents in selecting dietary items for nestlings or fledglings. This study highlights the importance of insects and lerp in the diet of juvenile regent honeyeaters, and the diversity of plant species on which their parents foraged. The species shows a broader resource selection than was found in previous studies which considered the species to be highly nectarivorous and selective for a few key eucalypt species. The importance of insects and carbohydrates other than nectar in the diet of the regent honeyeater needs to be recognised in the development of conservation strategies for the species.

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GOULDING, WILLIAM, PATRICK T. MOSS, and CLIVE A. MCALPINE. "An assessment of the Tagula Honeyeater Microptilotis vicina, a Data Deficient bird species in a Melanesian endemic hotspot." Bird Conservation International 30, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 474–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091900025x.

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SummaryWe conducted research into the ‘Data Deficient’ and endemic Tagula Honeyeater Microptilotis vicina of the Louisiade Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. This species was only observed on Sudest and Junet Islands. Islands were visited between October and January in the years from 2012–2014 and in 2016. We conducted the first assessment of spatial and habitat use by this species using radio-tracking in 2016. These findings were also used to inform estimates using traditional population density methods. CTMM package in R was used for home-range estimation for the tracked honeyeaters. Our results supported that members of this species display territoriality during the breeding season, occupying a mean of 2.0 ± 0.6 (SE) ha on Junet Island (n = 5). Whether individuals defended defined territories at other times of the year was not known but re-sightings of marked birds confirmed them to be locally resident. Population estimates ranged between 53,000 and 85,000 individuals. However, more conservative estimates nearing 50,000 individuals were considered prudent given lower population densities observed on parts of the larger Sudest Island (0.64/ha). This species utilised the canopy and understorey layers in a range of habitats from mangroves at sea-level, gardens and regrowth of various ages to cloud forest on the highest point of Sudest Island (∼800 m asl). Dietary observations support that like many closely related species, Tagula Honeyeaters have a broad diet of mostly insects supplemented with nectar and fruit. Observations indicated that this species had life history attributes toward the slower end of the spectrum but similar to other congeners. Vocalisations were more diverse in both structure and complexity than those of suspected close relatives the Mimic Microptilotis analogus and Graceful Microptilotis gracilis Honeyeaters. Morphological measures were similarly different, supporting species level recognition.

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Napier, Kathryn R., Cromwell Purchase, Todd J. McWhorter, Susan W. Nicolson, and Patricia A. Fleming. "The sweet life: diet sugar concentration influences paracellular glucose absorption." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (June 17, 2008): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0253.

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Small birds and bats face strong selection pressure to digest food rapidly in order to reduce digesta mass carried during flight. One mechanism is rapid absorption of a high proportion of glucose via the paracellular pathway (transfer between epithelial cells, not mediated by transporter proteins). Intestinal paracellular permeability to glucose was assessed for two nectarivorous passerines, the Australian New Holland honeyeater ( Phylidonyris novaehollandiae ) and African white-bellied sunbird ( Cinnyris talatala ) by measuring the bioavailability of radiolabelled, passively absorbed l -glucose. Bioavailability was high in both species and increased with diet sugar concentration (honeyeaters, 37 and 81% and sunbirds, 53 and 71% for 250 and 1000 mmol l −1 sucrose diets, respectively). We conclude that the relative contribution of paracellular to total glucose absorption increases with greater digesta retention time in the intestine, and paracellular absorption may also be modulated by factors such as intestinal lumen osmolality and interaction with mediated glucose uptake. The dynamic state of paracellular absorption should be taken into account in future studies.

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L. Oliver, Damon, Andrew J. Ley, Hugh A. Ford, and Beth Williams. "Habitat of the Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia and the value of the Bundarra-Barraba region for the conservation of avifauna." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 3 (1999): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990224.

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Five types of woodland and forest in the Bundarra-Barraba region of northern New South Wales were surveyed for Regent Honeyeaters Xanthomyza phrygia and other birds over two years. Regent Honeyeaters were found in 24 of the 93 transects, at a density of 0.09 birds/ha. Most were found in box-ironbark woodland (34% of 62 sites), with single records from box-gum woodland, box-stringybark woodland and dry plateau complex woodland. No Regent Honeyeaters were found in riparian gallery forest during censuses, but they were found breeding there at other times. All habitats contained a high density of birds, compared to other wooded regions in southern Australia, with riparian gallery forest and box-ironbark woodland being particularly rich in species and numbers. These habitats had greater flowering indices, larger trees and more mistletoes than other habitats. Sites used by Regent Honeyeaters supported significantly more birds and bird species than unoccupied sites. The region supports a total of 193 species, four of which are nationally threatened and seven which are threatened in New South Wales. The richness of the bird community in the region is partly because it retains a higher proportion of native vegetation cover (43%) than many other parts of rural Australia. Protection and rehabilitation of box-ironbark woodland and riparian gallery forest is of high priority in a regional conservation plan. However, all habitats in the Bundarra-Barraba region should be protected from clearing and degradation, because they are also used at times by Regent Honeyeaters and support a wide range of bird species. Wise management should retain many sensitive bird species that have disappeared from or declined in other regions of southeastern Australia.

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Ford, Hugh A., and Steve Trémont. "Life history characteristics of two Australian honeyeaters (Meliphagidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (2000): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99030.

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Most endemic Australian passerines that have been studied display long breeding seasons, multiple nesting attempts, small clutches, low annual productivity, high longevity and a high incidence of cooperative breeding. We compare the life histories of two large endemic honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) near Armidale, New South Wales. Red wattlebirds, Anthochaera carunculata, have a long breeding season, with many nesting attempts and clutches of two eggs, similar to other honeyeaters whose breeding biology has been studied. Noisy friarbirds, Philemon corniculatus, which are spring and summer visitors to the study area, have shorter breeding seasons, usually making one attempt and have a modal clutch size of three. Both species had incubation and nestling periods of about 16 days. Friarbirds apparently have a laying interval of 24 hours, the same as other honeyeaters, but unlike some other endemic passerines, which have laying intervals of 48 hours. Breeding success did not differ between the species, with young fledging from 32.7% of wattlebird nests and 40.9% of friarbird nests. The reproductive strategy of the noisy friarbird thus differs quantitatively from the apparent norm for other honeyeaters and many other Australian endemic passerines.

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Craig, John L. "Status and foraging in New Zealand honeyeaters." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 12, no. 4 (October 1985): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1985.10428308.

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Rasch, Gretchen, and John L. Craig. "Partitioning of nectar resources by New Zealand honeyeaters." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 15, no. 2 (April 1988): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1988.10422613.

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H. Loyn, Richard. "Effects of an extensive wildfire on birds in far eastern Victoria." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 3 (1997): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970221.

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A major wildfire burned 228 400 ha of forest in East Gippsland (Victoria, Australia) in February and March 1983, including Cooaggalah forest block where flora and fauna studies had just commenced. Bird abundance was assessed on 13 sites immediately before and after the fire, and annually for three years to 1986. The sites represented a range of habitats including rainforest, heaths and eucalypt forest, all of which burned. Total bird abundance was reduced to 60% of initial levels by the fire, but recovered within three years. These changes differed significantly between habitats. Initial decreases were greatest and subsequent recovery least in heaths where most above-ground vegetation had been killed. Post-fire increases were greatest in rainforest and on granite ridges, and in each case bird abundance rose to levels substantially higher than before fire. Some changes may have involved recovery from drought as well as fire. Changes over time were highly significant for many groups of birds (e.g., honeyeaters), while others showed little change (e.g., bark-foragers and insectivores that inhabit dense understorey or damp ground below shrubs). Honeyeaters and seed-eaters suffered the greatest initial declines, and some species in these groups were slow to recover (e.g., New Holland and Crescent Honeyeaters and Beautiful Firetail). Some species that feed from open ground increased quickly to levels greater than before fire (Flame and Scarlet Robins, Buff-rumped Thornbill and Superb Fairy-wren), but all except the latter then declined as shrubs regenerated. The main loss of birds immediately after the fire was of highly mobile species, and the composition of the remaining bird fauna appeared to depend on resource availability rather than the capacity of species to survive the fire front. Initial responses of species to fire were poor predictors of their responses after three years. Hence, the effects of fire should be considered in terms of habitat changes over several years. Many forest types including rainforest can provide continuing habitat even when they burn, but populations of mobile birds such as honeyeaters depend on access to alternative habitats on a broad regional scale.

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Richardson, KC, J. Yamada, and RD Wooller. "An Immunohistochemical Study of the Gastrointestinal Endocrine-Cells of the New Holland Honeyeater, Phylidonyris-Novaehollandiae." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 5 (1988): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880483.

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The gastrointestinal tract of the New Holland honeyeater, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae, was studied macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically. Although the honeyeater did not differ from other birds at the macroscopic and histological level, some interesting differences were revealed immunohistochemically. Eight types of immunoreactive endocrine cells were detected in the gastro- intestinal mucosa. The proventriculus and gizzard were characterised by the presence of serotonin-, somatostatin-, and gastrin-releasing polypeptide-immunoreactive cells. The pyloric region contained numerous gastrin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells as well as moderate numbers of somatostatin- immunoreactive cells. Along the length of the intestine, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were the dominant endocrine cells but small numbers of somatostatin-, gastrin-, enteroglucagon-, pancreatic glucagon- and neurotensin-immunoreactive cells were also found. Each had a different distribution pattern. The functional significance of these results remains to be resolved.

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Pyke, Graham H., and Paul J. O'connor. "Corroboree Behaviour of New Holland and White-cheeked Honeyeaters." Emu - Austral Ornithology 89, no. 1 (March 1989): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9890055.

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Armstrong, Doug P. "Co-operative Care of Fledglings by New Holland Honeyeaters." Emu - Austral Ornithology 90, no. 2 (June 1990): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9900132.

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Fleming, Patricia A., and Tracey L. Moore. "Do experimental methods affect estimates of pollen digestion by birds?" Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 6 (2011): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12016.

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Pollen protoplasts may supply important nutritional resources for birds; however, they are locked up within the mechanically strong and biochemically complex pollen wall. Previous studies of pollen digestion in birds have yielded highly variable and often contradictory results. We tested whether these differences could reflect the vastly different methodologies that have been used. We used a standard method to investigate digestion of Banksia grandis (Proteaceae) pollen in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae). Four types of B. grandis pollen were examined: fresh, frozen for a week, stored in conditions to stimulate pregermination for 24 h, or collected by honeybees. Our data indicate that although pollen treatment may influence digestibility of the pollen grains, these differences do not reach statistical significance because they are dwarfed by a high degree of variability between birds fed the same diet as well as variability in gut transit time (generally more pollen grains were digested over longer transit times). Similar patterns were observed for red wattlebirds (Anthochaera carunculata) fed bee-collected pollen. We believe that feeding behaviour or gut transit time may explain the marked differences between previous studies of pollen digestion by nectarivores, particularly the conflicting results for New Holland honeyeaters.

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Villard, Pascal, Jean-Marc Mériot, and Jérôme Fuchs. "New insights on the breeding biology of the Crow Honeyeater Gymnomyza aubryana suggest convergence with the Mao G. samoensis." Australian Field Ornithology 40 (2023): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo40006016.

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Phylogenetic study of the honeyeater family shows that the four insular species of the genus Gymnomyza are polyphyletic, with the largest, the Crow Honeyeater G. aubryana, being a distinct and ancient lineage. The Critically Endangered Crow Honeyeater is a secretive species that lives in the rainforest of New Caledonia. For two breeding seasons (S1 in 2019 and S2 in 2020) we studied its breeding biology in the Parc Provincial de la Rivière Bleue. In S1, three nests (N1, N2, N3) were found and one nest (N4) in S2. Three dismantled nests (N1, N2 and N4) revealed four distinct layers; detailed measurements showed that Nest N2 consisted of 507 pieces of nest material and weighed 103 g. The female built the nest and incubated the one-egg clutch for 75% of time over a 24-hour period. The female rolled the egg each 33 minutes (n = 50) during the day and 118 minutes (n = 23) at night. The nest was 9.5 m above ground in a small tree (trunk 12 cm in diameter) and the trees and shrubs within 10 m mainly had trunks ⩽10 cm in diameter (n = 4). Laying occurred during the dry season (August–October). The feeding rate of the nestling was 2.6 times/h. Animal prey items accounted for 74.7% by number, of which 66.5% were orthopterans; indeterminate 9.7%, fruit 12.4% and only 3.2% was nectar (n = 1788). Prey items in the size range 21–40 mm in length constituted 59% of the nestlings’ food by number. The number of faecal sacs produced per nestling averaged 1.7/h (n = 956). The young fledged at 25.5 days (mean for two nests) and did not return to the nest, but was fed for another 2.6 months. One juvenile, from an unknown nest, remained at least 16.5 months in the adults’ territory. The home range of a male during 2.6 months (September to early December) was 24 ha. The Crow Honeyeater has a slow life history for breeding biology, as found also for the Mao G. samoensis. Both species evolved on tropical islands and show a convergent adaptation.

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Groom, Geoffrey. "A photographic record of a possible New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae longirostris × White-cheeked Honeyeater P. niger gouldii hybrid." Australian Field Ornithology 36 (2019): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo36154157.

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Beehler, Bruce M., Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Yance de Fretes, and Neville Kemp. "A New Species of Smoky Honeyeater (Meliphagidae: Melipotes) From Western New Guinea." Auk 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 1000–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.3.1000.

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Abstract We describe a new species of smoky honeyeater from the Foja Mountains, an isolated range in western New Guinea (Papua Province, Indonesia). A common inhabitant of montane forest and forest-edge in this little-known north coastal range, this species possesses a fleshy pendant suborbital wattle, unique in the genus Melipotes, among other characteristics that distinguish it from all congeners. This fleshy wattle provides a morphological link between Melipotes and the monotypic genus Macgregoria, an alpine inhabitant of the Central Ranges of New Guinea, traditionally treated as a bird of paradise (e.g., Frith and Beehler 1998) but now regarded as the sister genus to Melipotes (Cracraft and Feinstein 2000). The presence of an endemic meliphagid species in the Foja Mountains highlights the biogeographic significance and conservation importance of this geographically isolated upland forest tract, which is also home to the endemic Golden-fronted Bowerbird (Amblyornis flavifrons) and Berlepsch's Parotia (Parotia berlepschi), a distinctive, recently rediscovered species of six-wired bird of paradise (B. M. Beehler unpubl. data). Una Especie Nueva de Melipotes (Meliphagidae) del Oeste de Nueva Guinea

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26

Black, Andrew. "A new subspecies of White-eared Honeyeater Nesoptilotis leucotis (Meliphagidae)." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 139, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v139i2.2019.a9.

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Frith, Clifford B. "The New Guinea bird names Macgregor's Bowerbird and Macgregor's Honeyeater." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 140, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v140i2.2020.a12.

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28

Beehler, Bruce M., Dewi M. Prawiradilaga, Yance de Fretes, and Neville Kemp. "A NEW SPECIES OF SMOKY HONEYEATER (MELIPHAGIDAE: MELIPOTES) FROM WESTERN NEW GUINEA." Auk 124, no. 3 (2007): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2007)124[1000:ansosh]2.0.co;2.

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29

Wood, Sharon R., Ken J. Sanderson, and Christopher S. Evans. "Perception of terrestrial and aerial alarm calls by honeyeaters and falcons." Australian Journal of Zoology 48, no. 2 (2000): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo99020.

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This study tested the responses to aerial and terrestrial alarm and distress calls in an avian predator, the brown falcon, Falco berigora, and two potential avian prey species, the New Holland honeyeater, Philidonyris novaehollandiae, and noisy miner, Manorina melanocephala. Calls were delivered from a computer system at intensities 5–20 dB above background, to birds held in large cages. All birds located the broad-band alarm and distress calls easily, but they had difficulty locating the narrow-band aerial alarm calls, although they were able to detect most of these. Aerial alarm calls thus reduce risk to the caller. The performance of raptors and songbirds was similar. This result suggests that there are no reliable differences in the auditory characteristics of avian predators and prey, as have been described in species from the Northern Hemisphere.

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Myers, Steven, Geoffrey Brown, and Sonia Kleindorfer. "Divergence in New Holland Honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae): evidence from morphology and feeding behavior." Journal of Ornithology 151, no. 2 (October 9, 2009): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-009-0454-7.

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31

Kearney, Stephen. "Diet of an Eastern Grass Owl Tyto longimembris in northern New South Wales." Australian Field Ornithology 38 (2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo38044048.

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A single Eastern Grass Owl Tyto longimembris was observed in Bundjalung National Park, New South Wales, in September 2019. Pellets (n = 17) collected from its roost contained the remains of House Mouse Mus musculus, Grassland Melomys Melomys burtoni, Black Rat Rattus rattus, Swamp Rat R. lutreolus, Fawn-footed Melomys Melomys cervinipes, Common Planigale Planigale maculata, Eastern Blossom Bat Syconycteris australis and honeyeater Phylidonyris sp. The most interesting findings were the Eastern Blossom Bat (the first published record of a bat in the diet of an Eastern Grass Owl in Australia) and that one of the Grassland Melomys specimens had pink bones.

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32

Taggart, Patrick L., and David Schultz. "Do avian ticks (Ixodes hirsti) influence host phenotype in New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae)?" Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 141, no. 1 (November 2, 2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03721426.2016.1245700.

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Collins, Brian G., Michelle Walsh, and James Grey. "Floral development and breeding systems of Dryandra sessilis and Grevillea wilsonii (Proteaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 2 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07147.

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Dryandra sessilis (Knight) Domin. and Grevillea wilsonii A.Cunn. co-occur on lateritic soils in the jarrah forest of Western Australia, with their flowering seasons overlapping for several months during winter and spring. Both species are protandrous, with pollen presentation occurring 1–2 days before the stigmas of individual flowers become receptive. Peak receptivity, as indicated by maximum peroxidase secretion, coincides with the maximum opening of stigmatic grooves for D. sessilis or maximum elevation of the stigmatic papillae in G. wilsonii. Pollinators such as western wattlebirds, New Holland honeyeaters and western spinebills almost exclusively visit flowers or inflorescences at times when large amounts of nectar are present, and when self-pollen is available for transfer or stigmas are receptive to the deposition of pollen. By foraging in this manner, yet still moving frequently between plants and inflorescences, honeyeaters that visit D. sessilis should guarantee an effective spread of pollen. The overall level of fruiting success achieved by this species is considerably higher than that for G. wilsonii, a species whose flowers are visited much less often than those of D. sessilis. Allozyme analysis, artificial pollination experiments and the calculation of pollen : ovule ratios indicate that D. sessilis is essentially an obligate outcrosser, at least in locations where plant densities are high, whereas G. wilsonii has a mixed mating system that allows it to set fruits as a consequence of either selfing or outcrossing. Potential fruit-set is low for both species, with post-zygotic incompatibility mechanisms mediated by the availability of nutritional resources thought to be at least partly responsible for the even lower levels of final fruit-set. Total fruit and seed production by individual plants is much greater for D. sessilis than for G. wilsonii, and possibly a reflection of differences in the regeneration requirements of the two species after environmental disturbance such as fire.

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Major, RE, and G. Gowing. "An inexpensive photographic technique for identifying nest predators at active nests of birds." Wildlife Research 21, no. 6 (1994): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940657.

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Change in rate of nest predation due to environmental modification is considered a major cause of population decline of many bird species. Our ability to adequately understand and effectively manage this effect is limited by our ability to identify the relative roles of individual nest predators. This is because nest predation is seldom witnessed despite its high frequency. We describe and evaluate an inexpensive photographic technique for identifying nest predators at active nests. Each camera unit (A$220) was triggered by circuitry (A$30), using a magnetic reed switch attached to a supplementary egg. A total of 51 nests of New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) was monitored with the equipment. Of these, 39 were preyed upon. Predation was never witnessed, but predators were captured on film for 72% of nests at which predation occurred.

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35

McFarland, David C. "Determinants of Feeding Territory Size in the New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris Novaehollandiae." Emu - Austral Ornithology 86, no. 3 (September 1986): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9860180.

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36

Irham, Mohammad, Hidayat Ashari, Suparno, Colin R. Trainor, Philippe Verbelen, Meng Yue Wu, and Frank E. Rheindt. "A new Myzomela honeyeater (Meliphagidae) from the highlands of Alor Island, Indonesia." Journal of Ornithology 161, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-019-01722-2.

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37

Purchase, C., K. R. Napier, S. W. Nicolson, T. J. McWhorter, and P. A. Fleming. "Gastrointestinal and renal responses to variable water intake in whitebellied sunbirds and New Holland honeyeaters." Journal of Experimental Biology 216, no. 9 (January 24, 2013): 1537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.075176.

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38

McFarland, David C. "Responses of Territorial New Holland Honeyeaters Phylidonyris novaehollandiae to Short-term Fluctuations in Nectar Productivity." Emu - Austral Ornithology 94, no. 3 (September 1994): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9940193.

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39

Rawsthorne, John. "Presence and breeding of the Spiny-cheeked Honeyeater in central New South Wales." Australian Field Ornithology 33 (2016): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo33097101.

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40

Gosbell, Matthew C., and Kathy H. Y. Luk. "Diplotriaena—An Air Sac Nematode Found in a New Holland Honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae)." Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 33, no. 2 (May 24, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/2018-352.

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41

Prawiradilaga, Dewi Malia, Pratibha Baveja, Suparno Suparno, Hidayat Ashari, Nathaniel Sheng Rong Ng, Chyi Yin Gwee, Philippe Verbelen, and Frank Erwin Rheindt. "A COLOURFUL NEW SPECIES OF MYZOMELA HONEYEATER FROM ROTE ISLAND IN EASTERN INDONESIA." TREUBIA 44 (January 11, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/treubia.v44i0.3414.

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The avifauna of Rote Island in the Lesser Sundas is not well studied and generally considered to be similar to that of adjacent Timor Island. However, some cases of bird endemism have recently been documented on this island. A population of Myzomela honeyeater is one such example. First observed in October 1990, it has been subsumed with Myzomela dammermani from Sumba Island given its superficially similar appearance. Based on extensive morphological inspection and bioacoustic analysis, we here describe this population as a new taxon to science. Apart from previously overlooked plumage distinctions, the new taxon bioacoustically differs from M. dammermani in the presence or absence of several unique call types and considerable differences across two parameters in shared call types. Considering the importance of bioacoustics in avian species delimitation, we propose that the new Rote Myzomela be considered a distinct species. Given continued habitat conversion across its small range, we propose the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) threat status Vulnerable for the species.

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42

Davis, William E. "Nest concealment but not human visitation predicts predation of New Holland Honeyeater nests." Journal of Field Ornithology 77, no. 3 (June 2006): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00065_2.x.

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43

Lambert, Sarah, and Sonia Kleindorfer. "Nest concealment but not human visitation predicts predation of New Holland Honeyeater nests." Emu - Austral Ornithology 106, no. 1 (March 2006): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu05006.

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44

Armstrong, Doug P. "Territorial Behaviour of Breeding White-Cheeked and New Holland Honeyeaters: Conspicuous Behaviour Does Not Reflect Aggressiveness." Emu - Austral Ornithology 96, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9960001.

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45

McFarland, David C. "Aggression And Nectar Use in Territorial Non-Breeding New Holland Honeyeaters Phylidonyris novaehollandiae in Eastern Australia." Emu - Austral Ornithology 96, no. 3 (September 1996): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9960181.

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46

Purchase, Cromwell, Susan W. Nicolson, and Patricia A. Fleming. "Salt intake and regulation in two passerine nectar drinkers: white-bellied sunbirds and New Holland honeyeaters." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 183, no. 4 (December 12, 2012): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-012-0722-3.

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47

ŠLAPETA, JAN, VICTORIA MORIN-ADELINE, PAUL THOMPSON, DENISE MCDONELL, MICHAEL SHIELS, KATRINA GILCHRIST, JAN VOTÝPKA, and LARRY VOGELNEST. "Intercontinental distribution of a new trypanosome species from Australian endemic Regent Honeyeater (Anthochaera phrygia)." Parasitology 143, no. 8 (March 22, 2016): 1012–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016000329.

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SUMMARYEstablishing a health screening protocol is fundamental for successful captive breeding and release of wildlife. The aim of this study was to undertake a parasitological survey focusing on the presence of trypanosomes in a cohort of Regent Honeyeaters, Anthochaera phrygia, syn. Xanthomyza phrygia (Aves: Passeriformes) that are part of the breeding and reintroduction programme carried out in Australia. We describe a new blood parasite, Trypanosoma thomasbancrofti sp. n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) with prevalence of 24·4% (20/81) in a captive population in 2015. The sequence of the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA) and kinetoplast ultrastructure of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. are the key differentiating characteristics from other Trypanosoma spp. T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. is distinct from Trypanosoma cf. avium found in sympatric Noisy Miners (Manorina melanocephala). The SSU rDNA comparison suggests an intercontinental distribution of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. and Culex mosquitoes as a suspected vector. Currently, no information exists on the effect of T. thomasbancrofti sp. n. on its hosts; however, all trypanosome-positive birds remain clinically healthy. This information is useful in establishing baseline health data and screening protocols, particularly prior to release to the wild.

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48

Christidis, L., and R. Schodde. "Relationships and Radiations in the Meliphagine Honeyeaters, Meliphaga, Lichenostomus and Xanthotis (Aves, Meliphagidae) - Protein Evidence and Its Integration With Morphology and Ecogeography." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 3 (1993): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930293.

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Protein electrophoresis was carried out on 32 of the c. 40 species of meliphagine honeyeaters and integrated with external morphology and ecogeography to clarify component lineages and their inter-relationships. Three primary lineages were identified, corroborating precisely the three controversial genera currently recognised in the Australo-Papuan region: (1) Lichenostomus with 20 species centred in Australian sclerophyllous habitats, (2) Meliphaga with 12 species in lowland New Guinean and Australian rainforests, and (3) Xanthotis with 3 species in Australo-Papuan rainforests. Except for the L. flavus-L. unicolor group, electrophoresis failed to corroborate consistently any of the morphologically based minor lineages in Lichenostomus and identified no consistent alternatives itself. Among the sibling species of Meliphaga, however, it distinguished two principal groups: the M. lewinii clade of two Australian ad one New Guinean species, and the M. analoga clade of seven New Guinean and one Australo-Papuan species and one Australian endemic, M. albilineata, hitherto of disputed position. Ecogeographic support for these groups is demonstrated. Affinities of peripheral taxa not screened electrophoretically are discussed. Evolutionary radiation among the major lineages is traced against the environmental oscillations of the Plio-Pleistocene in Australia and New Guinea.

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McLachlan, Jessica R., and Robert D. Magrath. "Speedy revelations: how alarm calls can convey rapid, reliable information about urgent danger." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1921 (February 19, 2020): 20192772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2772.

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In the perpetual struggle between high-speed predators and their prey, individuals need to react in the blink of an eye to avoid capture. Alarm calls that warn of danger therefore need to do so sufficiently rapidly that listeners can escape in time. Paradoxically, many species produce more elements in their alarm calls when signalling about more immediate danger, thereby increasing the reliability of transmission of critical information but taking longer to convey the urgent message. We found that New Holland honeyeaters, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae , incorporated more elements in alarm calls given to more dangerous predators, but video analysis revealed that listeners responded in 100 ms, after only the first element. Consistent with this rapid response, the acoustic structure of the first element varied according to the danger, and playbacks confirmed that birds need hear only the first element to assess risk. However, birds hid for longer and were more likely to flee, after calls with more elements. The dual mechanisms of varying both element structure and number may provide a widespread solution to signalling rapidly and reliably about immediate danger.

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Geering, David, and Kristine French. "Breeding Biology of the Regent Honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia in the Capertee Valley, New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 98, no. 2 (June 1998): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu98011.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Honeyeaters, NSW'

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