Journal articles on the topic 'Homogenised response'
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LEW, T. L., A. B. SPENCER, F. SCARPA, and K. WORDEN. "SURFACE RESPONSE OPTIMISATION OF AUXETIC HOMOGENISED CELLULAR PLATES USING GENETIC PROGRAMMING." Computational Methods in Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2004): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12921/cmst.2004.10.02.169-181.
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Lehmann, Eva, Stefan Schmaltz, Sandrine Germain, Dennis Faßmann, Christoph Weber, Stefan Löhnert, Mirko Schaper, et al. "Material Model Identification for DC04 Based on the Numerical Modelling of the Polycrystalline Microstructure and Experimental Data." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.993.
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Sheet-bulk-metal forming processes require an accurate material model which is derived in this contribution. The microscopic model is based on a simulation of a real microstructure. A validation on the macroscopical scale is performed through the reproduction of the experimentally calculated yield surface based on the homogenised structural response of a corresponding deformed representative volume element (RVE). The microstructural material model is also compared with a macroscopical phenomenological model based on logarithmic strains. The homogenised microscopic model and the phenomenological macroscopic model are in good agreement with the evolution of the stresses and strains obtained during the experiments.
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Li, Xin Zhong, Xue Ying Wei, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Homogenised Dynamic Material Model for Brick Masonry and Its Application." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.528.
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Brick masonry is a traditional building material widely used loading-bearing or partition walls in various building structures. The detailed distinctive modelling of brick and mortar of a realistic masonry structure or a structure with masonry infilled walls are usually not possible due to the computational cost. In this paper, a homogenized dynamic material model which including the damage of brick and mortar and strain rate effect is developed based on dynamic test results of brick and mortar. The proposed homogenized material model was used in analysis of blast response of brick masonry wall.
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Karajan, N., D. Otto, S. Oladyshkin, and W. Ehlers. "Application of the polynomial chaos expansion to approximate the homogenised response of the intervertebral disc." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2014): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-014-0555-y.
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Venter, Martin P., and Gerhard Venter. "Simple implementation of plain woven polypropylene fabric." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (August 23, 2016): 1097–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716665627.
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With increased utilisation of simple fabrics in technical engineering and manufacturing environments the need for suitable, easy to implement material representations in simulation software has increased. A simple implementation of plain woven polypropylene fabric for inflation simulation of dunnage bags is developed. Only standard finite element software packages and a simple material calibration protocol based on numerical optimisation were used to generate a homogenised material representation for the in-plane properties of plain woven polypropylene undergoing both loading and unloading. This is achieved by performing a simple material test that represents the in situ loading state of the material, measuring the applied load and material deformation in response to that load, and mapping that response to a simulation of the same test by means of an inverse problem statement. Following the proposed method, a material response model for plain wove polypropylene was developed that captures the major responses of a measured woven test specimen.
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Zarraga, Ondiz, Imanol Sarría, Jon García-Barruetabeña, María Jesús Elejabarrieta, and Fernando Cortés. "General Homogenised Formulation for Thick Viscoelastic Layered Structures for Finite Element Applications." Mathematics 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8050714.
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Viscoelastic layered surface treatments are widely used for passive control of vibration and noise, especially in passenger vehicles and buildings. When the viscoelastic layer is thick, the structural models must account for shear effects. In this work, a homogenised formulation for thick N-layered viscoelastic structures for finite element applications is presented, which allows for avoiding computationally expensive models based on solids. This is achieved by substituting the flexural stiffness in the governing thin beam or plate equation by a frequency dependent equivalent flexural stiffness that takes shear and the properties of the different layers into account. The formulation is applied to Free Layer Damping (FLD) and Constrained Layer Damping (CLD) beams and plates and its ability to accurately compute the eigenpairs and dynamic response is tested by implementing it in a finite element model and comparing the obtained results to those given by the standard for the application—Oberst for the FLD case and RKU for the CLD one—and to a solid model, which is used as reference. For the cases studied, the homogenised formulation is nearly as precise as the model based on solids, but requires less computational effort, and provides better results than the standard model.
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Zhang, Xihong, Tingwei Shi, Hong Hao, Guanyu Xie, and Guochao Wang. "Numerical derivation of homogenised constitutional relation of mortar-less interlocking brick wall for dynamic response prediction." Engineering Structures 304 (April 2024): 117588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.117588.
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Pardoen, Benoît, Pierre Bésuelle, Stefano Dal Pont, Philippe Cosenza, and Jacques Desrues. "Accounting for Small-Scale Heterogeneity and Variability of Clay Rock in Homogenised Numerical Micromechanical Response and Microcracking." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 53, no. 6 (March 5, 2020): 2727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02066-7.
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CHEN, M. J., L. S. KIMPTON, J. P. WHITELEY, M. CASTILHO, J. MALDA, C. P. PLEASE, S. L. WATERS, and H. M. BYRNE. "Multiscale modelling and homogenisation of fibre-reinforced hydrogels for tissue engineering." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 31, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792518000657.
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Tissue engineering aims to grow artificial tissues in vitro to replace those in the body that have been damaged through age, trauma or disease. A recent approach to engineer artificial cartilage involves seeding cells within a scaffold consisting of an interconnected 3D-printed lattice of polymer fibres combined with a cast or printed hydrogel, and subjecting the construct (cell-seeded scaffold) to an applied load in a bioreactor. A key question is to understand how the applied load is distributed throughout the construct. To address this, we employ homogenisation theory to derive equations governing the effective macroscale material properties of a periodic, elastic–poroelastic composite. We treat the fibres as a linear elastic material and the hydrogel as a poroelastic material, and exploit the disparate length scales (small inter-fibre spacing compared with construct dimensions) to derive macroscale equations governing the response of the composite to an applied load. This homogenised description reflects the orthotropic nature of the composite. To validate the model, solutions from finite element simulations of the macroscale, homogenised equations are compared to experimental data describing the unconfined compression of the fibre-reinforced hydrogels. The model is used to derive the bulk mechanical properties of a cylindrical construct of the composite material for a range of fibre spacings and to determine the local mechanical environment experienced by cells embedded within the construct.
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COLLIS, J., M. E. HUBBARD, and R. D. O'DEA. "A multi-scale analysis of drug transport and response for a multi-phase tumour model." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 499–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792516000413.
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In this article, we consider the spatial homogenisation of a multi-phase model for avascular tumour growth and response to chemotherapeutic treatment. The key contribution of this work is the derivation of a system of homogenised partial differential equations describing macroscopic tumour growth, coupled to transport of drug and nutrient, that explicitly incorporates details of the structure and dynamics of the tumour at the microscale. In order to derive these equations, we employ an asymptotic homogenisation of a microscopic description under the assumption of strong interphase drag, periodic microstructure, and strong separation of scales. The resulting macroscale model comprises a Darcy flow coupled to a system of reaction–advection partial differential equations. The coupled growth, response, and transport dynamics on the tissue scale are investigated via numerical experiments for simple academic test cases of microstructural information and tissue geometry, in which we observe drug- and nutrient-regulated growth and response consistent with the anticipated dynamics of the macroscale system.
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Gienger, C. M., Christopher R. Tracy, Matthew L. Brien, S. Charlie Manolis, Grahame J. W. Webb, Roger S. Seymour, and Keith A. Christian. "Energetic costs of digestion in Australian crocodiles." Australian Journal of Zoology 59, no. 6 (2011): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12018.
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We measured standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the metabolic response to feeding in the Australian crocodiles, Crocodylus porosus and C. johnsoni. Both species exhibit a response that is characterised by rapidly increasing metabolism that peaks within 24 h of feeding, a postfeeding metabolic peak (peak O2) of 1.4–2.0 times SMR, and a return to baseline metabolism within 3–4 days after feeding. Postfeeding metabolism does not significantly differ between species, and crocodiles fed intact meals have higher total digestive costs (specific dynamic action; SDA) than those fed homogenised meals. Across a more than 100-fold range of body size (0.190 to 25.96 kg body mass), SMR, peak O2, and SDA all scale with body mass to an exponent of 0.85. Hatchling (≤1 year old) C. porosus have unexpectedly high rates of resting metabolism, and this likely reflects the substantial energetic demands that accompany the rapid growth of young crocodilians.
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Labeas, G., and Evangelos Ptochos. "Homogenization of selective laser melting cellular material for impact performance simulation." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-10-2014-0059.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present, the global behaviour of sandwich structures comprising cellular cores is predicted by finite element (FE) analysis. Two modelling approaches are investigated, providing different levels of accuracy; in both approaches, the sandwich structure is idealised as a layered stack with the skin modelled using shell elements; while the core is either modelled with fine detail using beam micro-elements representing the cell struts, or is modelled by three-dimensional solid elements after an appropriate core homogenisation. Design/methodology/approach – The applied homogenisation methodology, as well as the all important modelling issues are presented in detail. Experimental tests performed using a mass-drop testing machine are used for the successful validation of the simulation models. Findings – It was concluded that the core microscale models having detailed FE modelling of the core unit cells geometry with fine scale beam elements are suitable for the analysis of the core failure modes and the prediction of the basic core stiffness and strength properties. It was demonstrated that the homogenised core model provides significant advantages with respect to computing time and cost, although they require additional calculations in order to define the homogenised stress-strain curves. Research limitations/implications – Special microscale material tests are required for the determination of appropriate materials parameters of the core models, as steel selective laser melting (SLM) microstrut properties differ from the constitutive steel material ones, due to the core manufacturing SLM technique. Stress interactions were not taken into account in the homogenisation, as the applied core material model supports the introduction of independent stress-strain curves; however, the predicted load deflection results appeared to be very close to those obtained from the detailed core micromodels. Originality/value – The paper is original. The dynamic behaviour of conventional sandwich structures comprising conventional honeycomb type cores has been extensively studied, using simple mass-spring models, energy based models, as well as FE models. However, the response of sandwich panels with innovative SLM cellular cores has been limited. In the present paper, novel modelling approaches for the simulation of the structural response of sandwich panels having innovative open lattice cellular cores produced by SLM are investigated.
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Reiterová, K., and D. Antolová. "Influence of Echinococcus multilocularis infection on immune response of mice and their offspring." Helminthologia 48, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-011-0034-2.
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AbstractParasitic infection during pregnancy represents a serious stress factor and affects the course of pregnancy and the foeto-maternal relationship. The infection may not clinically manifest itself, however it can modulate the immune response of the offspring for a long-time. The influence of secondary Echinococcus multilocularis infection on the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the level of anti-Echinococcus antibodies were studied in Balb/c mice. The female mice were infected with homogenised metacestode material containing 2000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces (Group 1, 2). Group 1 was fertilised on day 60 post infection, while Group 2 remained unfertilised. Group 3 was uninfected and fertilised on the same day as Group 1. The numbers of both T cell subpopulations were higher in non-pregnant than in pregnant mice. In late pregnancy, the decline of CD4+, however, the increase of CD8+ T-cell subtypes were observed in both, infected and uninfected mothers, respectively. The strong humoral response with the high production of IgM and IgG2b antibodies in infected mice was detected. In infected mothers, IgG2b level was higher than in infected nonpregnant mice during almost whole monitored period. In Group 1, delivery caused suppression of Th2 immune response, represented by IgG1, under the level observed in uninfected mothers. The findings show the changes in helper regulatory and cytotoxic immunity mechanisms of infected mothers. In offspring of infected mothers all IgG subclasses were detected, however specific IgM were not transmitted neither transplacentary, nor transmammary.
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Ágoston, Emese Irma, Zsolt Baranyai, Kristóf Dede, György Bodoky, Janina Kulka, Attila Bursics, László Harsányi, and A. Marcell Szász. "Mikroszatellita-instabilitás előfordulása, intratumoralis heterogenitása, prognosztikus és prediktív potenciálja primer colorectalis carcinomák és párosított májáttéteik sebészi kezelését követően." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 36 (September 2015): 1460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30218.
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Introduction: Besides clinicopathological parameters, molecular markers can be very important, and further characterize colorectal carcinomas into chromosomally unstable, microsatellite instable and “CqG-island methylator phenotype” groups. Aim: To study the frequency of microsatellite instability using immunohistochemical evaluation of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 proteins in colorectal carcinoma. Method: 122 colorectal carcinomas as well as in 69 paired liver metastases were evaluated. Additionally, prognostic and predictive potential of mismatch repair status was tested. Results: Microsatellite instable phenotype was identified in 11.5% (14/122) of the tumours. There were no differences regarding staining intensity of tumour regions. Mismatch repair status was discordant in primaries vs. metastases in 20.2%. There was no difference in progression free- and overall survival according to mismatch repair status. The mismatch repair status was not predictive for survival within systemic therapy regimen groups. Conclusions: The subgroups of colorectal carcinomas could be evaluated in a larger and homogenised patient cohort to predict prognosis and response to therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(36), 1460–1471.
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Gigliotti, Luigi, and Silvestre T. Pinho. "Virtual Testing of Large Composite Structures: A Multiple Length/Time-Scale Framework." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 06, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973715500080.
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This paper illustrates a multiple length/time-scale framework for the virtual testing of large composite structures. Such framework hinges upon a Mesh Superposition Technique (MST) for the coupling between areas of the structure modelled at different length-scales and upon an efficient solid-to-shell numerical homogenization which exploits the internal symmetries of Unit Cells (UCs). Using this framework, it is possible to minimize the areas of the structure modelled at the lowest- (and computationally demanding) scales and the computational cost required to calculate the homogenised to be used in the higher-scales subdomains of multiscale FE models, as well as to simulate the mechanical response of different parts of the structure using different solvers, depending on where they are expected to provide the most computationally efficient solution. The relevance and key-aspects of the multiple length/time-scale framework are demonstrated through the analysis of a real-sized aeronautical composite component.
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Zhang, D., and DR Hayhurst. "Effects of in-plane extension on transverse thermal conductivity of a carbon–carbon 8-harness satin weave composite." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 1 (August 3, 2016): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789516659332.
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A finite element-based technique for coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of woven Ceramic Matrix Composites sheets is presented for the prediction of the degradation of transverse thermal transport behaviour with in-plane extension. The thermal conductivity–strain characteristics have been determined, at the tow level, from the properties of the constituent elements, and then extended to tows and composite. The non-linear thermal conductivity-extension behaviour of the tow has been discretised by multi-linear curves, and implemented in a user-defined subroutine in ABAQUS to model the behaviour of the homogenised orthotropic unidirectional tow and its matrix. By using this approach, an 8-Harness Satin weave HITCO C/C composite unit cell has then been analysed. The variation of through-thickness thermal conductivity degradation with in-plane extension has been predicted and compared with the results of experiments. Very good agreement has been achieved. Two classes of behaviour have been experimentally observed: one that exhibits a brittle response, and another that shows a quasi-ductile behaviour. Both classes of behaviour have been predicted and shown to relate, respectively, to strain localisation and instantaneous pull-out deactivation, without localisation being invoked. These responses are reflected directly in the predicted and experimental rates of decay of transverse thermal conductivity with axial extension. It is advocated that the reduction in transverse thermal conductivity with extension and damage can be used as a Structural Integrity Monitor for CMC operational components.
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Adeyemi, Adenike Abiodun, Oyinofeoluwa Wuraola Ibrahim, Oluwabusayomi Omotoyosi Ajayi, and Samuel Tobi Ayeni. "Semen indices, growth response and sperm reserve of male rabbits fed zinc supplemented diets." World Rabbit Science 28, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2020.13507.
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<p>This study was carried out to assess the effect of dietary levels of zinc on semen indices, growth parameters and testicular sperm reserve of heterogeneous stock of male rabbits. Twenty male rabbits aged 6 mo old were randomly allotted to four groups of five males each and fed diets containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg of zinc gluconate per kg diet, respectively, for eight weeks. Semen was collected from the males weekly using an artificial vagina and semen volume (mL), spermatozoa motility (%), sperm concentration (×10<sup>8</sup>/mL) and live sperm cells (%) were assessed. Seminal plasma was separated from the semen by centrifugation, and its zinc concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. The weights of the males were taken weekly, and the daily feed intake was recorded. At the end of the feeding trial, the rabbits were stunned and slaughtered; the testes and epididymis were carefully removed and homogenised to determine sperm reserves using standard procedure. The result showed that semen indices were not significantly influenced by the dietary levels of zinc gluconate. Seminal zinc concentration was significantly higher in males fed 100 and 150 mg of zinc per kg compared to those in the control group. A higher body weight gain (454±50.3 g), testes weight (6.23±0.25 g) and epididymis weight (1.63±0.59 g) was recorded in males fed diet supplemented with 50 mg of Zinc gluconate per kg. No significant effect of dietary zinc supplementation was recorded in testicular sperm reserve. Epididymal sperm reserve was significantly higher in males fed the diets including 100 and 150 mg of zinc gluconate per kg. In conclusion, dietary levels of zinc gluconate did not improve semen quality and growth indices but increased seminal zinc concentration, which could result in improved prostate health in the heterogeneous stock of male rabbits in the tropics.</p>
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AY, Onaolapo, Olawore OI, Yusuf FO, Adeyemo AM, Adewole IO, and Onaolapo OJ. "Oral Monosodium Glutamate Differentially Affects Open-Field Behaviours, Behavioural Despair and Place Preference in Male and Female Mice." Current Psychopharmacology 8, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666181213160527.
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Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer which induces behavioural changes in animals. However the influence of sex on the behavioural response to MSG has not been investigated. Objective: The sex-differential effects of MSG on open-field behaviours, anxiety-related behaviour, behavioural despair, place-preference, and plasma/brain glutamate levels in adult mice were assessed. Methods: Mice were assigned to three groups (1-3), based on the models used to assess behaviours. Animals in group 1 were for the elevated-plus maze and tail-suspension paradigms, group 2 for the open-field and forced-swim paradigms, while mice in group 3 were for observation in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Mice in all groups were further assigned into five subgroups (10 males and 10 females), and administered vehicle (distilled water at 10 ml/kg) or one of four doses of MSG (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks, following which they were exposed to the behavioural paradigms. At the end of the behavioural tests, the animals were sacrificed, and blood was taken for estimation of glutamate levels. The brains were also homogenised for estimation of glutamate levels. Results: MSG was associated with a reduction in locomotion in males and females (except at 160 mg/kg, male), an anxiolytic response in females, an anxiogenic response in males, and decreased behavioural despair in both sexes (females more responsive). Postconditioning MSG-associated place-preference was significantly higher in females. Plasma/ brain glutamate was not significantly different between sexes. Conclusion: Repeated MSG administration alters a range of behaviours in a sex-dependent manner in mice.
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Lucena, R., M. Novales, and PJ Ginel. "Granulomatous colitis in two French bulldogs unresponsive to fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: a case report." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 5 (May 9, 2017): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2016-vetmed.
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Two cases of granulomatous colitis in two French bulldogs were found to be unresponsive to fluoroquinolones. The granulomatous colitis diagnosis was made on the basis of PAS-positive histiocytes in the lamina propria of the colonic mucosa in biopsy samples taken at colonoscopy. Remission of granulomatous colitis has been reported using fluoroquinolones leading to the idea that invasive Escherichia coli strains in the colonic mucosa are involved. Oral enrofloxacin (Baytril 150 mg, Bayer, Spain) at 10 mg/kg per day for eight weeks was prescribed to both dogs in this study. A first course of therapy resolved the problem in dog No. 1, which, however, was followed by relapse three months later without enrofloxacin response. No clinical remission was seen in dog No. 2 and 4.4 mg/kg marbofloxacin (Marbocyl P 20 mg, Vetoquinol, Spain) per day for 10 weeks was administered but without any response. From both dogs, biopsy samples from the colonic mucosa were taken during colonoscopy. Samples were homogenised for microbial culture in different agar media to identify invasive microbes. Escherichia coli were largely isolated and antibiotic sensitivity testing (MIC of E. coli to selected antimicrobials, CLSI 2013) was carried out. In both cases, E. coli was resistant to fluoroquinolones. In dog No. 1 E. coli was susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefazolin, amikacin and gentamicin whereas in dog No. 2 it was susceptible to doxycycline and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Clinical remission was achieved in dog No. 1 with amoxicillin-clavulanate (Synulox 250 mg, Pfizer, Spain) therapy for eight weeks. No response was found in dog No. 2 with any of the antimicrobials alone or combined with metronidazole.
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Donald, William E. "The Conceptualisation of Weather as a Career Metaphor." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148856.
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This paper aims to offer an accessible, flexible, and homogenised approach to career counselling and career development via the conceptualisation of a new metaphor in response to evolving careers and labour markets. The research question asks: How can Weather as a Career Metaphor (WCM) offer an accessible tool for career counsellors to use with their clients across their lifespans? The theoretical framework draws together sustainable career theory and conservation of resources theory, and is complemented by the author’s decade of experience providing mentoring and career coaching to individuals across the globe. The WCM is constructed of ten elements of weather that apply to different contexts and across the lifespan. These include sun, rain, drought, thunder and lightning, ice, fog, tailwind, headwind, tornado, and rainbow. The contribution comes from the conceptualisation of a new metaphor which is theoretically grounded whilst also ensuring practical relevance via accessibility and flexibility. The WCM offers a versatile tool as part of a more comprehensive toolkit for career counsellors to help their clients to understand potential challenges within contemporary labour markets. This facilitates individuals to take ownership of their careers, acquire personal resources, and take proactive steps to prepare themselves for sustainable careers across their lifespans.
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Khiabany, Gholam, and Milly Williamson. "Veiled bodies — naked racism: culture, politics and race in the Sun." Race & Class 50, no. 2 (October 2008): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396808096394.
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The context in which the current `debate' about Muslim women and the veil is taking place, in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, is that of the new orthodoxy, the `clash of civilisations'. This attempts to explain much of the world's political turmoil in terms of a clash between the (`secular modern') West and the (`traditionalist religion') Islam. The increased visibility of veiled bodies in Britain today has stirred a response that draws on long-standing orientalist oppositions and reworks them in the current climate of the `war on terror', connecting them to parallel racist discourses about `threats' to British culture. Sections of the British media have homogenised the variety of Muslim veiling practices and have presented the veil as an obstacle to meaningful `communication'; an example of Islamic `refusal' to embrace `modernity'. Veiled women are considered to be ungrateful subjects who have failed to assimilate and are deemed to threaten the `British' way of life. This paper reviews the debate over the veil in Britain in the context of British foreign policy, attacks on civil liberties, the further marginalisation of poor communities and the politicisation of British Muslims, where the veil is an increasingly political image of both difference and defiance.
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Cortés, Fernando, and Imanol Sarría. "Dynamic Analysis of Three-Layer Sandwich Beams with Thick Viscoelastic Damping Core for Finite Element Applications." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/736256.
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This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic behaviour of constrained layer damping (CLD) beams with thick viscoelastic layer. A homogenised model for the flexural stiffness is formulated using Reddy-Bickford’s quadratic shear in each layer, and it is compared with Ross-Kerwin-Ungar (RKU) classical model, which considers a uniform shear deformation for the viscoelastic core. In order to analyse the efficiency of both models, a numerical application is accomplished and the provided results are compared with those of a 2D model using finite elements, which considers extensional and shear stress and longitudinal, transverse, and rotational inertias. The intermediate viscoelastic material is characterised by a fractional derivative model, with a frequency dependent complex modulus. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained from an iterative method avoiding the computational problems derived from the frequency dependence of the stiffness matrices. Also, frequency response functions are calculated. The results show that the new model provides better accuracy than the RKU one as the thickness of the core layer increases. In conclusion, a new model has been developed, being able to reproduce the mechanical behaviour of thick CLD beams, reducing storage needs and computational time compared with a 2D model, and improving the results from the RKU model.
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Rendeiro, Catarina, Honglin Dong, Caroline Saunders, Laura Harkness, Melvin Blaze, Yanpeng Hou, Ronald L. Belanger, Giulia Corona, Julie A. Lovegrove, and Jeremy P. E. Spencer. "Flavanone-rich citrus beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function in humans: a randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 12 (December 28, 2016): 1999–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516004219.
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AbstractSpecific flavonoid-rich foods/beverages are reported to exert positive effects on vascular function; however, data relating to effects in the postprandial state are limited. The present study investigated the postprandial, time-dependent (0–7 h) impact of citrus flavanone intake on vascular function. An acute, randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study was conducted by including middle-aged healthy men (30–65 years, n 28) to assess the impact of flavanone intake (orange juice: 128·9 mg; flavanone-rich orange juice: 272·1 mg; homogenised whole orange: 452·8 mg; isoenergetic control: 0 mg flavanones) on postprandial (double meal delivering a total of 81 g of fat) endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery at 0, 2, 5 and 7 h. Plasma levels of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites (sulphates and glucuronides) and nitric oxide species were also measured. All flavanone interventions were effective at attenuating transient impairments in FMD induced by the double meal (7 h post intake; P<0·05), but no dose–response effects were observed. The effects on FMD coincided with the peak of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites in circulation (7 h) and sustained levels of plasma nitrite. In summary, citrus flavanones are effective at counteracting the negative impact of a sequential double meal on human vascular function, potentially through the actions of flavanone metabolites on nitric oxide.
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Ewuola, E. O., and T. R. Odefemi. "Growth response, organ morphometry, sperm production and reserve in rabbit bucks administered carrot fruit extracts." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i1.1286.
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An experiment was conducted for 12 weeks to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of carrot fruit extracts administered to rabbit bucks on growth, organ characteristics, gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves, and daily sperm production. A total of 35 rabbit bucks (four months old with average weight of 1.62±0.2kg) were randomly allotted into treatment groups each containing seven bucks per replicate. The bucks were subjected to the same environmental conditions and were assigned into five doses of carrot fruit extracts administration: Treatment 1 (0 mL of carrot fruit extracts (CE)/kg BW i.e. control), treatment 2 (0.5 mL CE/kg BW), treatment 3 (1.0 mL CE/kg BW), treatment 4 (1.5 ml CE/kg BW), treatment 5 (2 mL CE/kg BW). The extract was administered by drenching using corn oil as the carrier. The bucks were weighed weekly to determine weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the trial, the bucks were sacrificed, dissected, organs removed and weighed. Testes and epididymis were homogenised and filtered. The sperm cells in the testicular and epididymal homogenates were determined. Organ characteristics: eviscerated weight, adrenal gland, liver, lungs, kidney, pancreas, bile, testis, spleen, heart and GIT weight were measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance at P = 0.05. The bucks administered with 1.0 mL CE had the highest relative eviscerated weight (48.74±6.73%) and also recorded the highest weight gain (0.21±0.15g/day) when compared to other treatments. There was non-significant difference for most of the organs assessed except for the GIT and spleen weight. The GIT weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T1 (15.41%), T3 (14.81%) and T4 (16.23%) than T2 (13.58) and T5 (13.09%) in rabbits administered 0.5mL and 2.0mL CE/kg BW, respectively. Relative spleen weight of rabbits administered 0.2mL CE/kg BW was similar to T1 but significantly (p<0.05) higher than T2, T3 and T4. Testicular and epididymal sperms reserves significantly (P<0.05) increased as the concentration of the carrot fruit extract administered to rabbits increased. Daily sperm production was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treated bucks than the control bucks. This study suggests that administering carrot fruit extracts up to 2mL/kg body weight increased growth, sperm cell production and testicular sperm reserve.
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JE, Shitaye, I. Parmova, L. Matlova, L. Dvorska, A. Horvathova, V. Vrbas, and I. Pavlik. "Mycobacterial and Rhodococcus equiinfections in pigs in theCzechRepublicbetween the years 1996 and 2004: the causal factors and distribution of infections in the tissues." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 11 (March 27, 2012): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5584-vetmed.
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Between 1996 and 2004, tissue samples from 3 630 slaughtered pigs were examined by gross examination, microscopy after the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining of homogenised tissues for the detection of acid-fast rods (AFR) and by culture for the presence of mycobacteria and Rhodococcus equi: 1 781 head lymph nodes (ln), 1 123 mesenteric ln, 54 pulmonary ln, 32 inguinal ln, 562 non-identified ln and 78 samples of tissues from parenchymatous organs (liver, spleen and kidneys). Tuberculous/tuberculoid lesions were not detected in 249 (6.9%) animals slaughtered due to a positive response to avian tuberculin. Various gross lesions were detected in 3 381 (93.1%) animals as follows: adenopathy in 150 (4.1%), tuberculous lesions with caseation in 2 026 (55.8%) and tuberculous lesions with calcification in 1 205 (33.2%) of them. AFR were found in tissues from 2 047 (56.4%) animals: in 36 (14.5%) animals free from gross lesions, in 28 (18.7%) animals with adenopathy, in 801 (39.5%) animals with caseation and in 913 (75.8%) animals with calcified tuberculous lesions. Mycobacteria were isolated from the tissues of 289 (15.8%) of 1 852 animals without detected AFR and from the tissues of 1 290 (72.5%) of the 1 778 animals with detected AFR of various intensities. Of 1 579 mycobacterial isolates 1 493 (94.6%) were classified as M. avium complex (MAC) members: 469 (29.7%) M. a. avium (IS901+, serotypes 1, 2, and 3) and 891 (56.4%) M. a. hominissuis (IS901–) isolates of serotypes 4 (n = 1), 8 (n = 643), 9 (n = 74) and non-typed (n = 173). The other 52 (3.3%) isolates were members of other mycobacterial species: M. chelonae (n = 35), M. smegmatis (n = 4), M. xenopi (n = 3), M. terrae (n = 7), M. aurum (n = 1), M. scrofulaceum (n = 1), M. fortuitum (n = 1) and biochemically non-identified mycobacteria (n = 34). By examination of ZN stained homogenised tissues, AFR were detected significantly more frequently (P < 0.01) in samples from animals with caseated and/or calcified tuberculous lesions than in tissues from animals without tuberculous lesions. The detection rate of isolates from tissues with tuberculous lesions was likewise significantly higher (P < 0.01) than from tissues without tuberculous lesions.
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Breedvelt, Josefien J. F., Fiona C. Warren, Marlies E. Brouwer, Eirini Karyotaki, Willem Kuyken, Pim Cuijpers, Patricia van Oppen, Simon Gilbody, and Claudi L. H. Bockting. "Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of psychological relapse prevention interventions versus control for patients in remission from depression: a protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 2 (February 2020): e034158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034158.
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IntroductionPsychological interventions and antidepressant medication can be effective interventions to prevent depressive relapse for patients currently in remission of depression. Less is known about overall factors that predict or moderate treatment response for patients receiving a psychological intervention for recurrent depression. This is a protocol for an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis which aims to assess predictors and moderators of relapse or recurrence for patients currently in remission from depression.Methods and analysisSearches of PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were completed on 13 October 2019. Study extractions and risk of bias assessments have been completed. Study authors will be asked to contribute IPD. Standard aggregate meta-analysis and IPD analysis will be conducted, and the outcomes will be compared with assess whether results differ between studies supplying data and those that did not. IPD files of individual data will be merged and variables homogenised where possible for consistency. IPD will be analysed via Cox regression and one and two-stage analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be published in peer review journals and shared in a policy briefing as well as accessible formats and shared with a range of stakeholders. The results will inform patients and clinicians and researchers about our current understanding of more personalised ways to prevent a depressive relapse. No local ethics approval was necessary following consultation with the legal department. Guidance on patient data storage and management will be adhered to.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019127844.
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Samaan, M., G. Cunningham, S. Lim, P. Dawson, S. H. Kottoor, Z. Bheekhun, S. Anderson, et al. "P1014 Faecal loss of vedolizumab is associated with UC severity, lower serum vedolizumab levels and rates of clinical response – Results from the FAVOUR study." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2024): i1833—i1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.1144.
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Abstract Background Infliximab is detectable in the faeces of patients with active UC and faecal loss is associated with more severe disease and with primary non-response. Detection of vedolizumab (VED) in faeces and its importance in patients with UC has not been investigated. We conducted a prospective, observational study of patients with UC commencing VED to investigate faecal VED loss as well as its impact on serum VED levels (SVL) and association with treatment outcomes. Methods The FAVOUR study recruited UC patients with moderate to severe UC commencing vedolizumab between April 2019 and May 2022. Patients were treated with 300mg VED IV at weeks 0, 2, 6 and 14. Trough SVL were measured at weeks 2, 6 and 14. Faecal samples at days 1, 4, 7 and at weeks 2, 6 and 14 were homogenised and centrifuged to produce supernatants which were analysed for faecal VED levels (FVL) using a commercially available ELISA (LISA TRACKER, Theradiag, France). Clinical (SCCAI) and biochemical disease activity (CRP and faecal calprotectin) were measured at each infusion. Endoscopy was performed at baseline and week 14 to measure endoscopic (UCEIS/Mayo) and histologic activity (NHI). Correlations were calculated using the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). Categorical variables were compared using Mann-Whitney U. Results 36 patients (median age 34 (range 18-73); 13 Female) were recruited, of whom 33 completed induction therapy (3 withdrew early and were considered non-responders). 26/36 (72%) achieved a clinical response (SCCAI≤5 and reduction of ≥2) and 18/36 (50%) achieved endoscopic remission (UCEIS≤2). Faecal VED was detectable in 80/203 (39%) samples. Statistically significant correlations were observed between FVL and markers of clinical, biochemical, baseline endoscopic and histologic disease activity at day 1, and weeks 2 and 6 (table 1). Week 14 clinical non-responders had higher FVL than responders at that time point (median 1.0 vs 0.0ug/mL, p=0.004) but not at other timepoints. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between week 2 FVL and SVL measured at weeks 6 and 14 (table 1). SVL did not differ significantly between week 14 responders and non-responders at any time point. Conclusion Active colonic inflammation results in faecal loss of vedolizumab. This appears to correlate with lower SVL and rates of response to treatment. However, SVL were not observed to directly influence rates of response. It is possible that FVL may be a marker of disease activity or that faecal loss results in lower rates of drug exposure at a tissue level and negatively impacts rates of response by this mechanism.
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Newell, Stephanie. "Making up their own minds: readers, interpretations and the difference of view in Ghanaian popular narratives." Africa 67, no. 3 (July 1997): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161181.
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AbstractReading is a situated ‘social event’, taking place in the context of collective ‘assumptions about language and meaning’ which condition an individual's interpretations. Before turning the first page of a popular novel, or watching the first scene of a theatrical performance, the ‘reader’ already occupies a culturally specific receptive position, and each instance of interpretation is likely to be informed by shared preconceptions about the function of literature.The role of readers is essential to the discussion of popular narratives in West Africa. Authors acknowledge the readership's participation in the co-creation of novels, to such an extent that plots themselves may be transformed or extended in response to letters from readers. By taking sides with the character type whose social position most closely resembles their own, readers select specific figures through whom they can apportion praise and blame, through whom they can confirm their own opinions about men's and women's domestic roles. Readers adopt interpretive positions that depend upon the relevance of fictional types to their storehouse of opinions about marriage partners, ‘good-time girls’, mothers-in-law, ‘sugar-daddies’ and prostitutes.A reader-centred perspective, then, is vital to complement the ‘straight’ literary analysis of popular narratives. Indeed, one could say that, without the interpretive input of readers, West African popular fiction is nothing. Readers cannot be homogenised into a single species: during the reception process, distinct, preconstituted reading communities rise up, identifying ‘themselves’ in the narrative as gendered social subjects and extrapolating opinions from the text. In this receptive environment, popular narratives take on the semblance of rafts rather than shipwrecks, conveying and buoying up readers' active, self-interested reconstructions of themselves.
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Bresky Ruiz, Gustavo. "Curcumin Effects on Oxidative Stress, Vascular Function and Others Parameters in Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases." Open Access Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology Research (OAJGHR) 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/oajghr/1002.
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Background & Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver can include anything from a simple steatosis to a more severe form of liver cirrhosis. Inflammatory and profibrotic mechanisms are crucial factors in the progression of this condition. Curcumin has been shown to have antioxidant properties and possible hepatic and vasoprotective actions against this disorder. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed a hypercholesteraemic diet to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver and divided into two groups: fatty liver with curcumin and fatty liver without curcumin. After euthanasia, blood was collected to measure transaminases levels and lipid profile parameters in the plasma, and the livers were homogenised to measure the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. We also examined other parameters such as isolated superior mesenteric artery function, portal pressure and anatomopathological studies. The results were expressed as mean±SEM, and the differences between groups were evalued using Student´s t test and MannWhitney test with p<0.05 being significant. Results: Significant differences were observed for the following parameters in the groups without curcumin and with curcumin, respectively: Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (87±11.3 vs. 60.8±9.8IU/l);superoxide dismutase activity (3.46±0.52 vs. 12.16±2.75 U/mg); and catalase activity (6414±735 vs. 9410±1791 U/mg). In addition, a greater vasodilator response to acetylcholine was found in the group given curcumin (p<0.05). Conclusions: Curcumin improves antioxidant capacity by decreasing the action of free radicals and oxidative stress that cause endothelial dysfunction and hepatic 4inflammation associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver. Future clinical studies in humans are needed to evaluate the development of alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Sinkovič, Lovro, Vanja Blažica, Bojan Blažica, Vladimir Meglič, and Barbara Pipan. "How Nutritious Are French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the Citizen Science Experiment?" Plants 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2024): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020314.
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French beans are tender, immature, edible pods that are harvested early in the plant’s growth cycle and are usually eaten cooked. The growth habits of French beans were studied for the first time in a Citizen Science experiment, and 19 pod samples were collected for further nutritional analysis. Various macronutrients (e.g., protein, ash, fat, carbohydrates, amino acids) and multi-element profiles were determined. A survey of their growing habits revealed that beans are usually planted once or twice a year in May and June at a length of 5–10 m, with a predominance of dwarf beans cultivation over climbing varieties, and pest resistance and stringless pods are the most important characteristics when deciding on a bean. Homogenised freeze-dried pod samples contained 16.1–23.1% protein, 4.5–8.2% ash, 0.1–1.1% fat, and 62.0–70.6% carbohydrates and had a caloric value of 337–363 kcal/100 g. Of the 17 free amino acids identified, 8 were essential (histidine, threonine, methionine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine) and 9 were non-essential (cysteine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, alanine, proline, tyrosine); meanwhile, of the 12 elements, 5 were macroelements and 7 were microelements. The predominant free amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine. In the multiple comparisons (Box and Whisker plot), the parameters caloric value and iron showed the strongest response. A very strong positive significant Pearson correlation (≥0.95) was found for five pairs of variables within the free amino acids. Comparison of the nutrient data obtained in the pods showed near-perfect or high complementarity (85.2–103.4%) with the food composition databases for half of the parameters, suggesting that the home-grown French beans from the Citizen Science experiment are a highly nutritious vegetable.
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HARA, Hideyuki, and Kazuyuki SHIZAWA. "NM-JP-9 Multiscale Simulation for Deformation Response of Crystalline Polymer Using Homogenized Molecular Chain Plasticity Model." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2012 (2012): _NM—JP—9–1—_NM—JP—9–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2012._nm-jp-9-1.
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Konovalenko, A., E. Gutiérrez-Reyes, A. L. González, J. Flores-Méndez, and F. Pérez-Rodríguez. "Nonlocal metasolid response of homogenized phononic crystals." Journal of Applied Physics 121, no. 15 (April 21, 2017): 155102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981129.
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Loza, M., J. M. Brea, C. Calviño-Suarez, I. Baston-Rey, R. Ferreiro-Iglesias, J. E. Dominguez-Munoz, and M. Barreiro-de Acosta. "P013 The JAK-3 and TYK-2 / STAT pathways are activated in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S136—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.142.
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Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, progressive and disabling disease with a complex pathology of unknown aetiology influenced by genetic, environmental and microbiota factors that lead to an immunological and inflammatory response in the colon. Janus Activated Kinase (JAK) family plays a key role in modulating the adaptive and innate inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT pathway involvement in UC has been demonstrated in both animal models and human studies. Thus, overexpressed JAK-3 has been detected in the intestine of patients with UC, suggesting a key role in their pathophysiology and the inhibition of TYK-2 in animal models resulted in an improvement of the disease, which would explain its implication in the inflammatory process. We hypothesise here that there could be an activation of JAK-3 and TYK-2 signalling pathways in UC patients. Thus, we aimed to detect the activation of both signalling pathways by means of western-blot studies in UC patient samples Methods A prospective, observational single-centre study was designed. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with endoscopic active UC (more than Mayo-0) confirmed in a programmed colonoscopy. All patients signed informed consent. Samples were obtained from overstock of routine biopsies in the more severe segment affected of the large bowel. Tissues were homogenised and processed in order to obtain cell lysates by employing RIPA buffer and ultrasounds. The degree of activation of the JAK-3 and TYK-2 pathways was measured by detecting the phosphorylation of both targets as well as of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 and STAT6 through western blot by employing specific antibodies for total and phosphorylated proteins. Results 19 UC patients were consecutively included. Mean age was 46 years old. 53% were female, 47% were extensive colitis (E3) and 53% left-side colitis (E2). Regarding endoscopic activity, 26% had Mayo-1, 53% Mayo-2, and 21% Mayo-3. Immunoreactive bands for both phosphorylated JAK-3 and TYK-2 were detected in the biopsies from UC patients, evidencing that colonic inflammation leads to an activation of both targets. The study of STATs phosphorylation showed immunoreactive bands for phosphorylated forms of STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 and STAT6 confirming the activation of both signalling-pathways in these patients (Figure 1). Conclusion The developed translational workflows involving basic/clinical research confirm the activation of both JAK-3 and TYK-2-dependent signalling pathways in UC patients, validating both kinases as targets for treating UC. The developed methodology allows studying the target engagement for future JAK-3/ TYK-2 inhibitors employed in clinical trials.
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Contreras-Morales, Diego. "El propósito de las marcas: ¿Publicidad homogeneizada en la educación superior peruana?" Zincografía Especial BID - Zincografía (June 15, 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/https://doi.org/10.32870/zcr.v6iespecial20bid.161.
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Simon Sinek (2009) propone un nuevo concepto para la dirección empresarial, que ha tenido un impacto en la construcción discursiva publicitaria, lo que en los años sucesivos se ha venido llamando el propósito de las marcas . El presente artículo analiza cualitativamente cómo se ha manifestado este concepto en las narrativas publicitarias de ciertas instituciones educativas de educación superior en el Perú. A grandes rasgos, las piezas audiovisuales publicitarias comparten muchos elementos en común, protagonistas ideales, objetivos futuros, discursos ético morales, entre otros. Esto es aparentemente contradictorio, ya que parece producir un efecto contrario a otras herramientas publicitarias como el posicionamiento (Ries y Trout, 1981), cuyo objetivo es destacar la diferencia de determinada marca con otras. El argumento central del artículo es que este propósito en el Perú termina produciendo un efecto homogeneizador en la comunicación publicitaria y que responde no a un marco delimitado por el producto, servicio o marca, sino a una percepción ideológica del mundo, basada en valores que Ronald Inglehart (1977) llama post-materiales y a la percepción de un emprendedor neoliberal, dando forma a un nuevo discurso de eficiencia publicitaria.
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Contreras-Morales, Diego. "El propósito de las marcas: ¿Publicidad homogeneizada en la educación superior peruana?" Zincografía Año 6 Especial BID ZCR (June 15, 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/zcr.v6iespecialbid.161.
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Simon Sinek (2009) propone un nuevo concepto para la dirección empresarial, que ha tenido un impacto en la construcción discursiva publicitaria, lo que en los años sucesivos se ha venido llamando el propósito de las marcas. El presente artículo analiza cualitativamente cómo se ha manifestado este concepto en las narrativas publicitarias de ciertas instituciones educativas de educación superior en el Perú. A grandes rasgos, las piezas audiovisuales publicitarias comparten muchos elementos en común, protagonistas ideales, objetivos futuros, discursos ético morales, entre otros. Esto es aparentemente contradictorio, ya que parece producir un efecto contrario a otras herramientas publicitarias como el posicionamiento (Ries y Trout, 1981), cuyo objetivo es destacar la diferencia de determinada marca con otras. El argumento central del artículo es que este propósito en el Perú termina produciendo un efecto homogeneizador en la comunicación publicitaria y que responde no a un marco delimitado por el producto, servicio o marca, sino a una percepción ideológica del mundo, basada en valores que Ronald Inglehart (1977) llama post-materiales y a la percepción de un emprendedor neoliberal, dando forma a un nuevo discurso de eficiencia publicitaria.
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Contreras-Morales, Diego. "El propósito de las marcas: ¿Publicidad homogeneizada en la educación superior peruana?" Zincografía Año 6 Especial BID ZCR (June 15, 2022): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/zcr.v6iespecial20bid.161.
Full textAbstract:
Simon Sinek (2009) propone un nuevo concepto para la dirección empresarial, que ha tenido un impacto en la construcción discursiva publicitaria, lo que en los años sucesivos se ha venido llamando el propósito de las marcas . El presente artículo analiza cualitativamente cómo se ha manifestado este concepto en las narrativas publicitarias de ciertas instituciones educativas de educación superior en el Perú. A grandes rasgos, las piezas audiovisuales publicitarias comparten muchos elementos en común, protagonistas ideales, objetivos futuros, discursos ético morales, entre otros. Esto es aparentemente contradictorio, ya que parece producir un efecto contrario a otras herramientas publicitarias como el posicionamiento (Ries y Trout, 1981), cuyo objetivo es destacar la diferencia de determinada marca con otras. El argumento central del artículo es que este propósito en el Perú termina produciendo un efecto homogeneizador en la comunicación publicitaria y que responde no a un marco delimitado por el producto, servicio o marca, sino a una percepción ideológica del mundo, basada en valores que Ronald Inglehart (1977) llama post-materiales y a la percepción de un emprendedor neoliberal, dando forma a un nuevo discurso de eficiencia publicitaria.
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Khaled, Bilal, Loukham Shyamsunder, Josh Robbins, Yatin Parakhiya, and Subramaniam D. Rajan. "Framework for Predicting Failure in Polymeric Unidirectional Composites through Combined Experimental and Computational Mesoscale Modeling Techniques." Fibers 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib9080050.
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As composites continue to be increasingly used, finite element material models that homogenize the composite response become the only logical choice as not only modeling the entire composite microstructure is computationally expensive but obtaining the entire suite of experimental data to characterize deformation and failure may not be possible. The focus of this paper is the development of a modeling framework where plasticity, damage, and failure-related experimental data are obtained for each composite constituent. Mesoscale finite elements models consisting of multiple repeating unit cells are then generated and used to represent a typical carbon fiber/epoxy resin unidirectional composite to generate the complete principal direction stress-strain curves. These models are subjected to various uniaxial states of stress and compared with experimental data. They demonstrate a reasonable match and provide the basic framework to completely define the composite homogenized material model that can be used as a vehicle for failure predictions.
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Quraishi, Mohammed Nabil, Mehmet Yalchin, Clare Blackwell, Jonathan Segal, Naveen Sharma, Peter Hawkey, Victoria McCune, et al. "STOP-Colitis pilot trial protocol: a prospective, open-label, randomised pilot study to assess two possible routes of faecal microbiota transplant delivery in patients with ulcerative colitis." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030659.
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IntroductionImbalance of the gut microbiome is key to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is the transfer of homogenised and filtered faeces from a healthy individual to the gastrointestinal tract of a patient with disease. Published datasets show a positive signal for the use of FMT to treat UC, but the optimal route and dose of FMT remain unanswered.Methods and analysisThis prospective, multi-centre open-label, randomised pilot study will assess two possible routes of FMT delivery, via the nasogastric (NG) route or by delivery to the COLON, in 30 patients with active UC recruited from three sites in the UK. Stool will be collected from healthy screened donors, processed, frozen and stored under a Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) “specials” manufacturing licence held at the University of Birmingham Microbiome Treatment Centre. Thawed FMT samples will be administered to patients either via eight nasogastric infusions given initially over 4 days starting on the day of randomisation, and then again for 4 days in week 4 for foregut delivery (total of 240 g of stool) or via one colonoscopic infusion followed by seven weekly enemas according to the hindgut protocol (total of 360 g of stool). Patients will be followed up weekly for 8 weeks, and then at 12 weeks. The aims of this pilot study are (1) to determine which FMT administration route (NG or COLON) should be investigated in a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and (2) to determine if a full randomised controlled trial is feasible. The primary outcome will be a composite assessment of both qualitative and quantitative data based on efficacy (clinical response), acceptability and safety. At the end of the pilot study, decisions will be made regarding the feasibility of a full randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and, if deemed feasible, which route of administration should be used in such a study.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the East Midlands-Nottingham Research Ethics Committee (REC 17/EM/0274). At the end of the study, findings will be reported at national and international gastroenterology meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT74072945
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Dos Reis, F., and J. F. Ganghoffer. "Homogenized elastoplastic response of repetitive 2D lattice truss materials." Computational Materials Science 84 (March 2014): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.11.066.
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Shinde, Shantanu R., Yihan Song, and Elham Sahraei. "Modeling Electric Vehicle’s Battery Module using Computational Homogenization Approach." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 13, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9210078.
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Numerical simulations of heterogeneous structures like battery modules of electric vehicles are challenging due to the various length scales involved in it. Even with the latest computing technology, it is impossible to simulate the crash scene of the full vehicle resolving all length scales. Such hurdles have prevented manufacturers to understand the mechanical response of battery packs in vehicle crash scenarios. In this work, the problem of multiple length scales was solved using the RVE technique based on homogenization theory. An appropriate representative volume element was identified, and a 3D FE model was developed. Classical first-order boundary conditions were used in this research work. The RVE was subjected to several macroscopic deformations, and its response was obtained. The homogenized material properties were computed from the obtained responses, and a material model available in LS-Dyna’s material library was selected and calibrated to describe the nonlinear multiaxial behavior of the homogenized battery module at the macroscale. For validation, the USABC Crush and Drop Tests were simulated for the detailed and homogenized battery modules. The main output of this research is a robust and computationally efficient tool enabling satisfactory integration of a battery pack model to the vehicle for crash simulations, eliminating the need to simulate micro details at macro length scales. This approach significantly reduced the computational cost. For example, for a Drop Test simulation, the homogenized model reduced the simulation time from 40 hours (detailed model) to about 3 minutes, while maintaining a high precision ( R 2 = 0.9871 ) in predicting the load-displacement response. The system level modeling will enable the stakeholders to perform efficient optimization and safety evaluation for full-scale crashworthiness of electric vehicles.
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Calviño Suárez, C., A. L. Martinez-Rodriguez, D. Moreira-Alvarez, I. Ardao-Palacios, M. Duran-Rubi, R. Ferreiro-Iglesias, I. Baston-Rey, et al. "P021 Higher TNFα and IL-6 mucosal levels in ulcerative colitis patients with more severe endoscopic activity." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 18, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2024): i274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad212.0151.
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Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by colonic mucosa inflammation. Its clinical course is marked by alternating periods of relapse and remission that impair patients' quality of life. In the last decades, novel therapies have shown to be effective for UC resulting in lower rates of colectomy. However, there is still a significant proportion of non-responding patients that change from one treatment to another, being exposed to its potential adverse events. Thus, predictive factors of response to available drugs are needed to tailor the best treatment strategy for each patient. The aim of our study was to measure TNFα and IL-6 levels in colonic biopsies from patients with UC with moderate to severe endoscopic activity. Methods A prospective, observational single-centre study was designed and it is currently on going. Adult UC patients with moderate to severe endoscopic activity (Mayo Endoscopic Score (MES) > 1) in a routine colonoscopy were included. Biopsies from inflamed (MES>1) and non-inflamed (MES=0) colon of each patient were homogenised and processed by using RIPA buffer and ultrasounds to obtain cell lysates. Human Luminex Discovery Assay (2 plex) was used for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of IL-6 and TNFα. Data are shown as percentage, median, interquartile range (IQR) and mean ± standard deviation (SD) as appropriate. Results So far, 21 patients were consecutively included (mean age 53.8 years (SD 17.0), 52.4% female). About 43% of patients had left-sided UC, 28.5% extensive UC and 28.5% proctitis. Regarding endoscopic activity, 61.9% of patients showed MES=2 and 38.1% were MES=3. Fourteen patients (66.6%) were bio-naïve and 7 (33.3%) had been exposed to anti-TNFα. IL-6 was detected in biopsies from colon with MES ≥ 2 of 18 (85.7%) patients, of which 10 (55.6%) patients also TNFα was found. Neither IL-6 nor TNFα were detected in biopsies from non-inflamed colon (p=0.00). Median IL-6 in inflamed colonic samples from patients with MES-2 was 25.6pg/ml (IQR 0.2-74.3) and 92.2pg/ml (IQR 16.9-314.3) in those with MES-3 (p=0.09). Median TNFα in inflamed colonic biopsies from patients with MES-2 was 0.0pg/ml (IQR 0.0-20.0) and 22.2pg/ml (IQR 0.0-34.3) in patients with MES-3 (p=0.12) (Figure 1). No differences were found in TNFα levels between anti-TNFα naïve patients and those patients previously exposed to anti-TNFα (p=0.96). Conclusion IL-6 and TNFα are elevated in inflamed colonic mucosa, particularly in those patients with more severe endoscopic activity, while they are not found in non-inflamed colonic mucosa. The correlation between cytokine levels and endoscopic severity suggests their potential as biomarkers for treatment response.
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Ozden, Utku Ahmet, Geng Chen, Alexander Bezold, and Christoph Broeckmann. "Numerical Investigation on the Size Effect of a WC/Co 3D Representative Volume Element Based on the Homogenized Elasto-Plastic Response and Fracture Energy Dissipation." Key Engineering Materials 592-593 (November 2013): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.153.
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Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) is a two phase material composed of two distinct interpenetrating phases having different mechanical properties. The hard and brittle WC phase behaves elastically whereas the Co phase demonstrates an elasto-plastic response. In order to predict the global behavior of the material from its microscopic constitution, the representative volume element (RVE) model has to satisfy basic requirement of a certain size. Moreover the homogenized response of the RVE has to be characterized with respect to the macroscopic mechanical property of interest. Taking into consideration such phenomenon the current study investigates the size of 3D RVEs that are adequate to reflect the global elasto-plastic response and the fracture (damage) energy dissipation. The results of the homogenized elasto-plastic responses were compared to a macroscopic experimental stress-strain curve and the fracture energy dissipation was validated by a convergence study. It has been observed from the numerical simulation that, despite the randomness of the structure, the development of volume averaged elastic potential, plastic and as well as the fracture energy dissipation would stabilize with the increasing size of the RVE.
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Dontsov, Egor V. "A homogenization approach for modeling a propagating hydraulic fracture in a layered material." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): MR153—MR162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0045.1.
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Shales are known to have a finely layered structure, which greatly influences the overall material’s response. Incorporating the effect of all these layers explicitly in a hydraulic fracture simulator would require a prohibitively fine mesh. To avoid such a scenario, a suitable homogenization, which would represent the effect of multiple layers in an average sense, should be performed. We consider a sample variation of elastic properties and minimum horizontal stress versus depth that has more than a hundred layers. We evaluate methodologies to homogenize the stress and the elastic properties. The elastic response of a layered material is found to be equivalent to that of a transversely isotropic material, and the explicit relations for the effective parameters are obtained. To illustrate the relevance of the homogenization procedure for hydraulic fracturing, the propagation of a plane strain hydraulic fracture in a finely layered shale is studied. To reduce the complexity of the numerical model, elastic layering is neglected and only the effect of the stress layers is analyzed. The results demonstrate the ability of the homogenized stress model to accurately capture the hydraulic fracture behavior using a relatively coarse mesh. This result is obtained by using a special asymptotic solution at the tip element that accounts for the local stress variation near the tip, which effectively treats the material at the tip element as nonhomogenized.
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Tserpes, Konstantinos, and Panagiotis Kormpos. "Detailed Finite Element Models for the Simulation of the Laser Shock Wave Response of 3D Woven Composites." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2024): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8030083.
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This paper presents a numerical study on the laser shock wave propagation in a 3D woven carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) material by means of detailed and homogenized finite element (FE) models. The aim of this study is to numerically characterize the shock wave response of the 3D woven CFRP in terms of back-face velocity profiles and the induced damage, and to investigate whether the detailed FE models could be effectively replaced by homogenized FE models. The 3D woven geometry was designed using the TexGen 3.13.1 software, while the numerical analyses were executed using the R11.0.0 LS-Dyna explicit FE software. A high-strain-rate behavior was considered for the matrix. The fiber bundles in the detailed models were modeled as a high-fiber-content unidirectional composite laminate, with its mechanical properties calculated by micromechanical equations. A progressive damage material model was applied to both the fiber bundles of the detailed model and the homogenized models. The results of the detailed model reveal a considerable effect of the material’s architecture on the shock wave propagation and sensitivity of the back-face velocity profile to the spot location. Consequently, the homogenized model is not capable of accurately simulating the shock wave response of the 3D woven composite. Moreover, the detailed model predicts matrix cracking in the resin-rich areas and in the bundles with high accuracy, as well as fiber failure. On the contrary, the homogenized model predicts matrix cracking in the same areas and no fiber failure.
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Zhu, Ruixin, Manman Liu, Yue Han, Linlin Wang, Ting Ye, Jiacan Lu, and Zhihong Fan. "Acute effects of non-homogenised and homogenised vegetables added to rice-based meals on postprandial glycaemic responses and in vitro carbohydrate digestion." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 9 (October 24, 2018): 1023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002489.
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AbstractThe addition of vegetable to carbohydrate-based meals was shown to contribute to glycaemic management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of homogenisation on vegetables added to rice meals in terms of acute glycaemic responses (GR). In a randomised crossover trial, sixteen healthy volunteers completed thirteen test sessions, which included two sessions for glucose control, two for rice and nine for different vegetable-rice mixed meals: cooked pak choi and cooked rice (CP+R); cooked cauliflower and cooked rice (CC+R); cooked eggplant and cooked rice (CE+R); and their homogenised counterparts, both raw or cooked. Postprandial GR tests, in vitro carbohydrate digestion and chemical analyses were carried out for each test meal. Compared with pure rice, CE+R, CP+R and CC+R meals achieved significantly lower glycaemic indexes (GI) of 67, 71 and 73, whereas their homogenised counterparts failed to show significant difference with rice. The hydrolysis indexes (HI) of CE+R, CP+R and CC+R were 69·6, 83·8 and 80·6 % of the HI of the rice control. CE had the greatest effect on lowering the GI, the incremental area under the blood glucose curve from 0 to 120 min, the peak glucose value, the maximum amplitude of glucose excursion in 0–120 min (MAGE0–120), the HI and rapid available starch. Both in vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that incorporating non-homogenised cooked vegetables into a rice meal could slow the carbohydrate digestion and improve postprandial GR. Texture properties of vegetable may play an important role in underlying glycaemic control mechanisms.
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Zhang, R. J., W. Q. Wang, S. H. Hou, and C. K. Chan. "Modal Analysis for Beam Bundle in Fluid." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1427341.
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In the present paper, a 3-D homogenized model for beam bundle in fluid is developed and formulated in terms of fluid velocity potential and displacement of beams as fundamental unknowns. It can be seen that the homogenized model is associated with a set of finite element equations in the form of a conservative gyroscopic system. Based on these equations, an algorithm for the modal analysis and the dynamic response analysis of the beam bundle is also given. It is found that both the displacement and the fluid pressure response of the bundle have a similar relation with time, but different amplitudes.
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MARTÍNEZ, B., F. RINCÓN, M. V. IBÁÑEZ, and P. A. BELLÁN. "Improving the Nutritive Value of Homogenized Infant Foods Using Response Surface Methodology." Journal of Food Science 69, no. 1 (January 2004): SNQ38—SNQ43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17884.x.
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Pindera, Marek-Jerzy, Todd O. Williams, and Steven M. Arnold. "Thermoplstic response of metal-matrix composites with homogenized and functionally graded interfaces." Composites Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 1994): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9526(94)90014-0.
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Iida, Takahito, and Keisuke Umazume. "Wave response of segmented floating plate and validation of its homogenized solution." Applied Ocean Research 97 (April 2020): 102083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2020.102083.
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Ramírez-Torres, Ariel, Raimondo Penta, Reinaldo Rodríguez-Ramos, Alfio Grillo, Luigi Preziosi, José Merodio, Raúl Guinovart-Díaz, and Julián Bravo-Castillero. "Homogenized out-of-plane shear response of three-scale fiber-reinforced composites." Computing and Visualization in Science 20, no. 3-6 (June 29, 2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00791-018-0301-6.
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