Relevant bibliographies by topics / Homogenised response

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Homogenised response'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Homogenised response"

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LEW, T. L., A. B. SPENCER, F. SCARPA, and K. WORDEN. "SURFACE RESPONSE OPTIMISATION OF AUXETIC HOMOGENISED CELLULAR PLATES USING GENETIC PROGRAMMING." Computational Methods in Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2004): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12921/cmst.2004.10.02.169-181.

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Lehmann, Eva, Stefan Schmaltz, Sandrine Germain, Dennis Faßmann, Christoph Weber, Stefan Löhnert, Mirko Schaper, et al. "Material Model Identification for DC04 Based on the Numerical Modelling of the Polycrystalline Microstructure and Experimental Data." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.993.

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Sheet-bulk-metal forming processes require an accurate material model which is derived in this contribution. The microscopic model is based on a simulation of a real microstructure. A validation on the macroscopical scale is performed through the reproduction of the experimentally calculated yield surface based on the homogenised structural response of a corresponding deformed representative volume element (RVE). The microstructural material model is also compared with a macroscopical phenomenological model based on logarithmic strains. The homogenised microscopic model and the phenomenological macroscopic model are in good agreement with the evolution of the stresses and strains obtained during the experiments.
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Li, Xin Zhong, Xue Ying Wei, and Jun Hai Zhao. "Homogenised Dynamic Material Model for Brick Masonry and Its Application." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.528.

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Brick masonry is a traditional building material widely used loading-bearing or partition walls in various building structures. The detailed distinctive modelling of brick and mortar of a realistic masonry structure or a structure with masonry infilled walls are usually not possible due to the computational cost. In this paper, a homogenized dynamic material model which including the damage of brick and mortar and strain rate effect is developed based on dynamic test results of brick and mortar. The proposed homogenized material model was used in analysis of blast response of brick masonry wall.
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Karajan, N., D. Otto, S. Oladyshkin, and W. Ehlers. "Application of the polynomial chaos expansion to approximate the homogenised response of the intervertebral disc." Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2014): 1065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-014-0555-y.

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Venter, Martin P., and Gerhard Venter. "Simple implementation of plain woven polypropylene fabric." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (August 23, 2016): 1097–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716665627.

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With increased utilisation of simple fabrics in technical engineering and manufacturing environments the need for suitable, easy to implement material representations in simulation software has increased. A simple implementation of plain woven polypropylene fabric for inflation simulation of dunnage bags is developed. Only standard finite element software packages and a simple material calibration protocol based on numerical optimisation were used to generate a homogenised material representation for the in-plane properties of plain woven polypropylene undergoing both loading and unloading. This is achieved by performing a simple material test that represents the in situ loading state of the material, measuring the applied load and material deformation in response to that load, and mapping that response to a simulation of the same test by means of an inverse problem statement. Following the proposed method, a material response model for plain wove polypropylene was developed that captures the major responses of a measured woven test specimen.
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Zarraga, Ondiz, Imanol Sarría, Jon García-Barruetabeña, María Jesús Elejabarrieta, and Fernando Cortés. "General Homogenised Formulation for Thick Viscoelastic Layered Structures for Finite Element Applications." Mathematics 8, no. 5 (May 3, 2020): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8050714.

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Viscoelastic layered surface treatments are widely used for passive control of vibration and noise, especially in passenger vehicles and buildings. When the viscoelastic layer is thick, the structural models must account for shear effects. In this work, a homogenised formulation for thick N-layered viscoelastic structures for finite element applications is presented, which allows for avoiding computationally expensive models based on solids. This is achieved by substituting the flexural stiffness in the governing thin beam or plate equation by a frequency dependent equivalent flexural stiffness that takes shear and the properties of the different layers into account. The formulation is applied to Free Layer Damping (FLD) and Constrained Layer Damping (CLD) beams and plates and its ability to accurately compute the eigenpairs and dynamic response is tested by implementing it in a finite element model and comparing the obtained results to those given by the standard for the application—Oberst for the FLD case and RKU for the CLD one—and to a solid model, which is used as reference. For the cases studied, the homogenised formulation is nearly as precise as the model based on solids, but requires less computational effort, and provides better results than the standard model.
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Zhang, Xihong, Tingwei Shi, Hong Hao, Guanyu Xie, and Guochao Wang. "Numerical derivation of homogenised constitutional relation of mortar-less interlocking brick wall for dynamic response prediction." Engineering Structures 304 (April 2024): 117588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.117588.

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Pardoen, Benoît, Pierre Bésuelle, Stefano Dal Pont, Philippe Cosenza, and Jacques Desrues. "Accounting for Small-Scale Heterogeneity and Variability of Clay Rock in Homogenised Numerical Micromechanical Response and Microcracking." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 53, no. 6 (March 5, 2020): 2727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02066-7.

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CHEN, M. J., L. S. KIMPTON, J. P. WHITELEY, M. CASTILHO, J. MALDA, C. P. PLEASE, S. L. WATERS, and H. M. BYRNE. "Multiscale modelling and homogenisation of fibre-reinforced hydrogels for tissue engineering." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 31, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792518000657.

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Tissue engineering aims to grow artificial tissues in vitro to replace those in the body that have been damaged through age, trauma or disease. A recent approach to engineer artificial cartilage involves seeding cells within a scaffold consisting of an interconnected 3D-printed lattice of polymer fibres combined with a cast or printed hydrogel, and subjecting the construct (cell-seeded scaffold) to an applied load in a bioreactor. A key question is to understand how the applied load is distributed throughout the construct. To address this, we employ homogenisation theory to derive equations governing the effective macroscale material properties of a periodic, elastic–poroelastic composite. We treat the fibres as a linear elastic material and the hydrogel as a poroelastic material, and exploit the disparate length scales (small inter-fibre spacing compared with construct dimensions) to derive macroscale equations governing the response of the composite to an applied load. This homogenised description reflects the orthotropic nature of the composite. To validate the model, solutions from finite element simulations of the macroscale, homogenised equations are compared to experimental data describing the unconfined compression of the fibre-reinforced hydrogels. The model is used to derive the bulk mechanical properties of a cylindrical construct of the composite material for a range of fibre spacings and to determine the local mechanical environment experienced by cells embedded within the construct.
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COLLIS, J., M. E. HUBBARD, and R. D. O'DEA. "A multi-scale analysis of drug transport and response for a multi-phase tumour model." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2016): 499–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792516000413.

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In this article, we consider the spatial homogenisation of a multi-phase model for avascular tumour growth and response to chemotherapeutic treatment. The key contribution of this work is the derivation of a system of homogenised partial differential equations describing macroscopic tumour growth, coupled to transport of drug and nutrient, that explicitly incorporates details of the structure and dynamics of the tumour at the microscale. In order to derive these equations, we employ an asymptotic homogenisation of a microscopic description under the assumption of strong interphase drag, periodic microstructure, and strong separation of scales. The resulting macroscale model comprises a Darcy flow coupled to a system of reaction–advection partial differential equations. The coupled growth, response, and transport dynamics on the tissue scale are investigated via numerical experiments for simple academic test cases of microstructural information and tissue geometry, in which we observe drug- and nutrient-regulated growth and response consistent with the anticipated dynamics of the macroscale system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Homogenised response"

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Sun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.

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Dans le contexte du stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs, le comportement hydromécanique différé de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien (COx) est étudié afin d’assurer les conditions de sûreté requises pour un stockage à long terme de déchets radioactifs. La première partie de l'étude s'appuie sur une approche phénoménologique menée directement à l'échelle macroscopique du matériaux rocheux et des ouvrages souterrains. Dans un premier temps, un modèle quasi-analytique du comportement hydromécanique d'une cavité sphérique profonde creusée dans un massif rocheux dilatant poro-viscoplastique est présenté. Cette modélisation considère trois étapes d'un cycle de vie simplifié de l’ouvrage souterrain : excavation, convergence libre et comportement post-fermeture. Ensuite, le développement, l’extension et l’évolution de la zone rocheuse endommagée par l'excavation (EDZ, Excavation Damaged Zone) sont étudiés à l'aide d’un code aux éléments finis. Cette zone endommagée fait référence à une région caractérisée par des changements importants et pour la plupart irréversibles des propriétés géochimiques et hydromécaniques de la roche. Des analyses de sensibilité et de probabilité sont aussi effectuées pour étudier l’évolution de l'étendue au cours du temps de l’EDZ. Dans la deuxième partie de l'étude, une approche numérique multi-échelles est utilisée pour étudier les effets de fluage et d'endommagement sur le comportement mécanique. Tout d'abord, un modèle basé sur la micromécanique, dans le cadre de modélisation de type éléments finis au carré (EF²), est développé pour modéliser le comportement à long terme de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien. Pour simuler les effets visqueux de la matrice argileuse, deux mécanismes à l’échelle microscopique ont été introduits : la viscoplasticité des agrégats d'argile et la viscoélasticité de leurs contacts. Ensuite, le modèle de comportement de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien développé à petite échelle est appliqué pour modéliser le comportement de fluage à grande échelle, c’est-à-dire à l'échelle du laboratoire et des galeries souterraines. À partir des résultats de simulations à l'échelle du laboratoire, un processus de fluage en trois étapes est reproduit. Il comprend les étapes de fluage primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. A l’échelle des galeries souterraines, l'effet à long terme de la viscosité est étudié sur l'évolution des convergences des galeries et de l'EDZ. Le drainage à long terme et l’évolution de la pression d’eau interstitielle autour d'une galerie sont aussi étudiés. Enfin, le modèle de fluage à double échelle qui a été développé et utilisé pour simuler le comportement de fluage d'une roche fissurée saturée en eau est étendu au cas partiellement saturé. L’objectif est d’étudier l'interaction hydrique entre la roche autour des galeries souterraines et l'air à l’intérieur de celles-ci qui se produit lorsqu’il y a une circulation d’air humide dans les galeries. Les prédictions du modèle reproduisent la cinétique de drainage et de désaturation des roches saines et endommagées
In the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
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Chebbi, Houssem. "Méthode des coordonnées curvilignes pour la modélisation électromagnétique des matériaux complexes : application au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault des matériaux composites The fast computation of eddy current distribution and probe response in homogenized composite material based on semi-analytical approach Investigation of layer interface model of multi-layer structure using semi-analytical and FEM analysis for eddy current pulsed thermography." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST004.

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Ce travail de thèse de doctorat, effectué au sein de Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation Électromagnétique (LSME) du CEA List, s’intègre dans le cadre du projet européen « NDTonAir » financé sous l'action « H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016- GRANT 722134 ». Le principal objectif est le développement d’un outil de simulation rapide et précis dédié au contrôle non destructif par courants de Foucault des matériaux composites homogénéisés. Comme cas d’application, on s’intéresse particulièrement à l’orientation des fibres d’une part, et d’autre part, à des défauts de type délaminage et ondulation des fibres qui se manifestent par une déformation géométrique locale des interfaces. Les méthodes semi-analytiques existantes dans la littérature, basées sur le formalisme des Dyades de Green, sont limitées jusqu’au là à des structures planes multicouches. Pour introduire des variations locales de géométrie aux interfaces, nous proposons une approche innovante basée sur un changement de coordonnées adapté au profil de la pièce et des interfaces. On propose un modèle numérique performant basé sur le formalisme covariant des équations de Maxwell. Ce formalisme unificateur englobe l'anisotropie du spécimen et les déformations locales des interfaces. La méthode de coordonnées curvilignes est usuellement utilisée pour résoudre des problèmes de diffraction sur des surfaces rugueuses dans le domaine des hautes fréquences (diffraction sur des réseaux). Ce travail de thèse s’inspire des méthodes de Fourier modale et propose de nouveaux outils adaptés au domaine des courants de Foucault. L’extension de la méthode des coordonnées curvilignes au domaine du contrôle des composites par courants de Foucault constitue l’innovation de ce travail. Deux modèles numériques ont été développés pour le calcul de l’interaction du champ émis par un capteur à courants de Foucault avec un matériau composite multicouches. Le modèle numérique développé pour le contrôle des composites plans exploite les structures particulières des matrices creuses pour réduire le temps de calcul sans limitation de nombre de modes utilisés pour la représentation du champ. Dans le cas des profils curvilignes des interfaces, le modèle permet de traiter des interfaces parallèles et quelques cas particuliers des profils non parallèles. Ce cas général présente quelques limitations qui nécessitent le développement des outils numériques complémentaires. Enfin, plusieurs configurations de contrôle ont été envisagées et les résultats numériques produits par les modèles ont été confrontés à des données de simulation par éléments finis. Quelques expérimentations ont été effectuées dans des laboratoires partenaires étrangers pour accroître notre expérience sur la validation expérimentale
This doctoral thesis work, carried out within the Laboratory of Simulation and Modeling for Electromagnetics (LSME) of CEA List, is part of the “NDTonAir” European project funded under the action “H2020-MSCA-ITN -2016- GRANT 722134”. The main goal of the project is the development of a fast and accurate simulation tool for the non-destructive eddy current testing of homogenized composite materials. As an application case, we are particularly interested in the orientation of the fibers on the one hand, and on the other hand, in defects as delamination which are manifested by a local geometrical deformation of the interfaces. The semi-analytical methods existing in the literature, based on Green's Dyad formalism, have been limited so far to multilayered and planar structures. To introduce local variations in geometry at the interfaces, we propose an innovative approach based on a change of coordinates adapted to the profile of the local perturbation. We propose a powerful numerical model based on the covariant formalism of Maxwell's equations. This unifying formalism takes in the anisotropy of specimen and the local deformations of the interfaces. The curvilinear coordinate method is usually used to solve diffraction problems on rough interfaces in the high frequency domain (diffraction on gratings). This thesis work is inspired by Fourier Modal Methods and proposes new tools which have been adapted to the field of eddy currents. The extension of the curvilinear coordinate method to the field of eddy currents non-destructive testing technique of composites constitutes the innovation of this work. Two numerical models have been developed to calculate the interaction of the field emitted by an eddy current probe with a multilayered composite material. The numerical model developed for the evaluation of planar composite exploits the particular structures of sparse matrices to reduce the computation time without limiting the number of modes used for the modal expansion of the field. In the case of the curvilinear profiles of the interfaces, the model makes it possible to treat parallel interfaces and some particular cases of non-parallel profiles. The general case of non-identical profiles presents some limitations which require the development of complementary numerical tools. Finally, several testing configurations were considered and the numerical results produced by the models were compared to finite element simulated data. Some experiments were carried out in foreign partner laboratories to increase our experience on experimental validation
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Books on the topic "Homogenised response"

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Mort, Maggie, Israel Rodriguez-Giralt, and Ana Delicado, eds. Children and Young People’s Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47674/9781447354437.

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Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Disasters are complex environmental, social and cultural events and processes yet disaster management approaches tend to simplify responses and homogenise affected populations. Participatory research with more than 550 children across Europe, detailed in this book argues for a radical transformation in children’s roles in disasters. It shows how more child-centred working in civil protection and emergency planning, that recognises children’s capacities in building resilience, benefits at-risk communities as a whole.
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Book chapters on the topic "Homogenised response"

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Roach, G. F., I. G. Stratis, and A. N. Yannacopoulos. "Homogenisation." In Mathematical Analysis of Deterministic and Stochastic Problems in Complex Media Electromagnetics. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691142173.003.0009.

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This chapter formulates the homogenisation problem for a complex electromagnetic medium. It presents a formal two-scale expansion that motivates this chapter's approach, enabling a prediction of the form of the homogenised system. Next, this chapter provides a rigorous approach to the homogenisation problem for media in the optical response region, which is then generalised for dispersive media. The convergence of the evolution equations for the fields in periodic media to those for a homogenised medium is proved and the coefficients of the homogenised medium are identified in terms of auxiliary elliptic problems. Lastly, this chapter collects some general comments and alternative approaches to the homogenisation problem.
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Samal, M. K. "Numerical Simulation of High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Nickel-Based Superalloys Using Crystal Plasticity Models and Finite Element Method." In Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, 414–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch020.

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Development of reliable computational models to predict the high temperature deformation behavior of nickel based super-alloys is in the forefront of materials research. These alloys find wide applications in manufacturing of turbine blades and discs of aircraft engines. The micro-structure of these alloys consists of the primary gamma-prime phase and the secondary and tertiary precipitates (of Ni3Al type) are dispersed as gamma-prime phases in the gamma-matrix. It is computationally expensive to incorporate the explicit finite element model of the micro-structure in a crystal plasticity based constitutive framework to simulate the response of the polycrystalline micro-structure. Existing models in literature do not account for these underlying micro-structural features which are important for simulation of polycrystalline response. The aim of this chapter is to present a physically-motivated multi-scale approach for simulation of high temperature response of Nickel-based super-alloys. At the lower length scale, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity model is developed which simulates the response of various types of micro-structures. The micro-structures are designed with various shapes and volume fractions of gamma-prime precipitates. A new model for simulation of the mechanism of anti-phase boundary shearing of the gamma-prime precipitates, by the matrix dislocations, is presented in this chapter. The lower scale model is homogenized as a function of various micro-structural parameters and the homogenized model is used in the next scale of multi-scale simulation. In addition, a new criterion for initiation of micro-twin and a constitutive model for twin strain accumulation are developed. This new micro-twin model along with the homogenized crystal plasticity model has been used to simulate the creep response of a single crystal nickel-based super-alloy and the results have been compared with those of experiment from literature. It was observed that the new model has been able to model the tension-compression asymmetry as observed in single crystal experiments.
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Samal, M. K. "Numerical Simulation of High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Nickel-Based Superalloys Using Crystal Plasticity Models and Finite Element Method." In Materials Science and Engineering, 341–73. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch013.

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Development of reliable computational models to predict the high temperature deformation behavior of nickel based super-alloys is in the forefront of materials research. These alloys find wide applications in manufacturing of turbine blades and discs of aircraft engines. The micro-structure of these alloys consists of the primary gamma-prime phase and the secondary and tertiary precipitates (of Ni3Al type) are dispersed as gamma-prime phases in the gamma-matrix. It is computationally expensive to incorporate the explicit finite element model of the micro-structure in a crystal plasticity based constitutive framework to simulate the response of the polycrystalline micro-structure. Existing models in literature do not account for these underlying micro-structural features which are important for simulation of polycrystalline response. The aim of this chapter is to present a physically-motivated multi-scale approach for simulation of high temperature response of Nickel-based super-alloys. At the lower length scale, a dislocation density based crystal plasticity model is developed which simulates the response of various types of micro-structures. The micro-structures are designed with various shapes and volume fractions of gamma-prime precipitates. A new model for simulation of the mechanism of anti-phase boundary shearing of the gamma-prime precipitates, by the matrix dislocations, is presented in this chapter. The lower scale model is homogenized as a function of various micro-structural parameters and the homogenized model is used in the next scale of multi-scale simulation. In addition, a new criterion for initiation of micro-twin and a constitutive model for twin strain accumulation are developed. This new micro-twin model along with the homogenized crystal plasticity model has been used to simulate the creep response of a single crystal nickel-based super-alloy and the results have been compared with those of experiment from literature. It was observed that the new model has been able to model the tension-compression asymmetry as observed in single crystal experiments.
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Juffer, Jane. "TV’s Narratives for Emotional Management." In Don't Use Your Words!, 142–72. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479831746.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that much programming for younger children on Nick Jr., Disney Jr., and PBS encourages them to manage their emotions and limit their affective, bodily responses through a focus on problem solving. These shows also advocate empathy and tolerance, teaching kids how to recognize and respond to others’ feelings. Many shows segue from emotional management to an appreciation of difference, thus contributing to the wider discourse of diversity management. In a stark shift from the years when television was seen as harming children’s development, many therapists now urge parents to use television to help their children learn prosocial behavior. However, television cannot be homogenized; a genre of “sideways growth” programming encourages kids to defy proper behavior, to revel in their bodies, and to occupy spaces of intensely affective pleasure. These shows interrupt the linear narratives that characterize problem-solving approaches and thus introduce the idea of alternative modes of communication.
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Rhode, Deborah L. "The Politics of Paradigms: Gender Difference and Gender Disadvantage." In Feminism And Politics, 344–60. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782063.003.0017.

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Abstract Traditional approaches to gender difference have alternated between exaggeration and denial. On most issues of public policy, denial has been the preferred strategy; women’s special interests have remained unacknowledged and unaddressed. By contrast, policy initiatives that have spoken to gender difference have often overstated its nature and amplified its adverse consequences. Feminist responses have frequently remained entrapped in similar patterns. Many theoretical approaches that have sought to celebrate women’s distinctive attributes have homogenized and essentialized their content, while strategies of denial have ignored women’s particular needs and circumstances.
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Riegler, Alexander. "The Arrival of the Fittest." In Cybernetics and Systems Theory in Management, 217–28. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-668-1.ch012.

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Organizations and organisms are both complex systems exposed to evolutionary changes. The authors challenge the perspective of mainstream evolutionary theory, according to which evolutionary progress is accomplished in terms of blind variation and external selection. Instead, they present a perspective that complies with Bateson’s emphasis on the “negative” character of cybernetic explanation, which offers explanations in terms of constraints rather than causes or forces. His concept of “pathways of viability” is aligned with the work of evolutionary theorists such as Waddington, von Bertalanffy, Riedl, and Kauffman, who reject external physical causation in favor of internally-driven “stimulus-and-response” and therefore move the focus from external selection to epigenetic mechanisms. Such a cybernetic evolutionary theory responds to various open questions in biology and management theory, including the dispute between homogenists and heterogenists as well as “path-dependence” in companies. The authors conclude that the strongest players are not those who adapt to the economic environment but those who emerge from it by co-creating it.
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Geropantas, Dinos, and Victoria Ames. "Breast." In Imaging for Clinical Oncology, 46–63. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198818502.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 discusses breast cancer, and includes incidence, screening, diagnosis and staging, radiological staging, radiotherapy planning, therapeutic assessment, and follow-up. Breast mortality has shown a decrease in recent years and advances in imaging have played a significant role in this. Although mammography and ultrasound remain key in breast cancer diagnosis, new techniques such as contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI have led to improvements in detection and local staging. PETCT is increasingly used in breast cancer diagnosis and management as it can in some cases complement the combination of CT and bone scan in identifying distant disease and also in assessing response to systemic therapy. Radiotherapy contouring and planning are now CT-based and specific guidelines on how to draw clinical target volumes have been published aiming to reduce errors and homogenize treatment.
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McKean, Benjamin L. "Why Sovereignty Is Not the Solution." In Disorienting Neoliberalism, 179–211. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190087807.003.0007.

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Many critics of neoliberalism argue that resistance requires reasserting unconstrained state sovereignty, but this response effectively reinforces the neoliberal distinction between politics and the market rather than attending to the authority, coercion, and contestation that pervade the global economy. Such appeals to unconstrained sovereignty are found across the political spectrum; left egalitarian arguments for Brexit are illustrative. The chapter highlights contemporary philosophers like Thomas Nagel, who argue that distributive justice is only possible thanks to state coercion and that distributive justice is necessary to legitimate state coercion. Ultimately, by appealing to unconstrained state sovereignty as necessary for politics, this approach—and others which similarly draw on Weber—homogenizes state power and consequently overlooks the different ways people experience its force, such as racial disparities in the use of force by police. Such a theory is ill-suited for understanding what equal political status actually requires, even domestically.
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Quirino, Rayssa, and Alvaro Lopes Dias. "Business Model Design." In Competitive Drivers for Improving Future Business Performance, 34–44. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1843-4.ch003.

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Business model design refers to the design of transactions operated by an organization represented by the content, structure, and governance of all transactions that occur in an organization in order to create value through exploration of a business opportunity. This study has as objective to analyze the impact of one or more business model design has on the performance. Through the conduct of surveys, a sample of 30 companies was collected between Europe and Brazil. The results showed that it was not possible to obtain correlations to validate the hypotheses, due to the great difficulty of obtaining the data by the companies, thus leading to a reduced number of respondents. This study contributes significantly to the theory of innovation and entrepreneurship, as a response to a latent need on the part of the literature to consistently homogenize the understanding about the theme and clear recommendations and practices for management.
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Tay, Louis, Andrew T. Jebb, and Victoria S. Scotney. "Assessments of Societal Subjective Well-Being." In Measuring Well-Being, 70–91. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512531.003.0004.

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This chapter examines 10 methodological issues when assessing and analyzing societal well-being using self-reports. First, there are unit-of-analysis issues: deciding the appropriate level of analysis, accounting for individual-level score variability in societal-level scores, testing isomorphism across levels, and finding ways of aggregating and accounting for score variability. Second, there are comparability issues: researchers have sought to homogenize well-being scales with different response scales or use translated measures to compare across nations. Furthermore, there is the concern of whether well-being measures can capture the full range of well-being (both positive and negative aspects). The final set of issues are prediction issues: well-being measures may be more sensitive to negative than positive events/experiences, societal well-being may not always be linearly related to variables of interest, and domain-specific measures may be more sensitive than general measures of well-being, especially when tracking specific changes in well-being or comparing subgroups.
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Conference papers on the topic "Homogenised response"

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Herath, Sumudu, Milindu Jayasekara, and Chinthaka Mallikarachchi. "Parametric Study on the Homogenized Response of Woven Carbon Fibre Composites." In 2020 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mercon50084.2020.9185307.

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R. Arwade, Sanjay, and George Deodatis. "Variability Response Functions for Homogenized Material Properties of Statically Determinate Beams." In 6th International Conference on Computational Stochastic Mechanics. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7619-7_p002.

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Fossat, Pascal, and Mohamed Ichchou. "Sound Radiation of Locally Resonant Unidirectionally Ribbed Plates." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70987.

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Abstract This paper suggests a comprehensive case study of acoustic radiation from ribbed plate with inner resonance. Based on explicit design rules and homogenized model for flexural waves, it shows that bending waves propagation significantly differs from classical models in terms of wavenumber features in the neighborhood of local resonances, and comments on the influence of the atypical structural response on the radiated pressure field. The investigation of the acoustic radiation from an infinite and finite ribbed plate is proposed. The trend of the resulting radiated pressure fields from the homogenized model matches with classical models outside frequency bands associated with local resonance, however inner resonance yields additional frequency ranges in which acoustic radiation is either strongly reduced or enhanced. For both mechanical and acoustic responses, theoretical results are successfully compared with finite element method. Further consideration may focus on the radiation mechanisms with coupled bending and torsion in the stiffner.
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HUANG, SAM, and EVAN J. PINEDA. "Influence of Crack Distribution on the Responses of the Homogenized Unidirectional Composites." In American Society for Composites 2017. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc2017/15295.

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da Silva, L. C. M. "Gaussian process emulation for rapid in-plane mechanical homogenization of periodic masonry." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-53.

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Abstract. Numerical homogenization strategies can provide average mechanical responses, either in stress or coupled-stress quantities, which include many phenomenological features. Nonetheless, a direct application of numerical homogenization in sensitivity analysis in which uncertainty is propagated becomes impractical, as hundreds or thousands of simulations are conventionally required. In this study, a reliable and rapid predictive surrogate model is developed aiming to characterize the homogenized response of masonry. The case of English-bond arrangement is addressed, and the following steps are considered: (1) creation of a synthetic database through numerical homogenization based on a Finite-Element method, generated by randomization of model parameters; (2) training of a nonlinear Gaussian process; and (3) approximation of homogenized stress-strain curves for a masonry wall and for both linear and nonlinear ranges. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated using training-validation-test in terms of computational accuracy. Results indicate that computational time is lessened 1200% while relative errors remain below 5-10%.
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Oates, William S., and Ralph C. Smith. "A Multi-Axial Electromechanically-Coupled Homogenized Energy Model for Ferroelectric Materials." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3848.

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In this paper, we discuss the development and implementation of a 3-D electromechanically coupled homogenized energy model (HEM) for ferroelectric materials. A stochastic-based methodology is introduced and applied to problems involving large scale switching of ferroelectric and ferroelastic materials. Switching criteria for polarization variants are developed using density distributions in three dimensions to accommodate both electrical and mechanical loading and their coupled response. The theory accommodates non-proportional loading and major/minor loop hysteresis. Such formulations are known to accelerate computations for real-time control of nonlinear and hysteretic actuators. The proposed formulation maintains superior computational efficiency in the three dimensional case through the application of density formulations that are based on internal distributions of stress and electric field to produce a distribution of polarization switching events over a range of applied fields and stresses.
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Chen, Guanhua, Wei Li, Hailing Luo, and Yong Xia. "Influence of Mechanical Interaction Between Lithium-Ion Pouch Cells in a Simplified Battery Module Under Impact Loading." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72144.

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To understand the mechanical interaction between pouch cells in a battery module and improve the crash safety designs for the power battery system of electrical vehicles, a type of simplified battery module consisting of three pouch cells is designed and tested under impact loading with a drop tower. A finite element model is developed to analyze the response of battery module, and a series of calibration and verification tests are conducted to acquire the homogenized material properties of the single cell. Various loading conditions and factors concerning the safety design of batteries under crash scenarios, e.g. impact speed, drop mass and gaps between cells, are analyzed and discussed in terms of the influence on the mechanical, electrical and thermal responses.
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McKeand, Austin M., Recep M. Gorguluarslan, and Seung-Kyum Choi. "Stochastic Simulation of Turbine Engine Component Under Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainty." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97764.

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Abstract Quantifying the uncertainty associated with material properties in engineering analysis has become more important in the design of many components in the aerospace field. In this study, a new method is proposed to account for the uncertainty associated with the elastic modulus of materials used in aerospace components. A computerized tomography (CT) scanner is used to capture the porosity of the material and the corresponding uncertainty is represented with epistemic uncertainty. A stochastic upscaling method is used to find a homogenized modulus that correctly reflects the effect of defects inside of the material. This homogenized elastic modulus is then applied to a constructed finite-element model of an aerospace component so that the stochastic behavior can be correctly quantified. Simulations of the selected example, i.e., turbine blade, include both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty; thus, a P-Box is introduced to represent the response of the simulations. The stochastic upscaling method is applied again to match the P-Box response of the coarse scale model to that of the fine scale model. The obtained results show that the proposed framework not only significantly reduces complexity of the given engineering problem, but also produces accurate results which include both aleatory and epistemic uncertainty.
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Sarkar, Romit, Rusha Banerjee, Ghodrat Karami, and Fardad Azarmi. "Micromechanical Model for Examination and Characterization of Interfacial Response of Fibrous Composites." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39984.

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A micromechanical model for a Representative Volume Element (RVE) of a composite material to study the interface adhesion is introduced. The composite constituents assumed to have elastic properties with unidirectional fiber arrangement. The characterization is performed to study the interface and the separation/delamination of layers and their impacts on the overall mechanical response and properties of the composite material. Finite element package ANSYS is used to simulate the conditions of the interface employing cohesive zone modeling. The impact of an increasing axial transverse loading force on the interface in terms of its separation is studied. The exponential traction-separation curve pioneered by Xu and Needleman [1] will be implemented. The RVE is periodically constrained to represent a common element within the continuum domain far from the locality influence of the force and for a homogenized mechanical behavior study of the interface. The examination of the characteristics of the cohesive zone element as a simulation tool for interface analysis gives us conditions of a closer simulation for tissue engineering analysis.
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Garrard, Justin M., Reza Abedi, and Philip L. Clarke. "Statistical Volume Elements for the Characterization of Angle-Dependent Fracture Strengths." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88257.

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The fracture response of rock, a quasi-brittle material, is very sensitive to its microstructural defects. Herein, we use statistical volume elements (SVEs) to characterize rock fracture strength at the mesoscale, based on the distribution of microcracks at the microscale. The use of SVEs ensures that the material randomness is maintained upon “averaging” of microscale features. Certain fracture strengths, such as uniaxial tensile strength, uniaxial hydrostatic strength, shear strength, and uniaxial compressive strength, are obtained and characterized for different angles of loading. Thus, a material with anisotropic fracture strength can be characterized. Statistics of the characterized strengths are analyzed, as well as their auto- and cross-correlation functions of these random fields to shed light on the length scales, relative to the volume element size, at which homogenized properties vary. While crack interaction is not included, the analysis provides insight on the distribution and correlation of different strengths. Finally, the asynchronous spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method is used for macroscopic fracture analyses of two rock domains homogenized by SVEs.
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