Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hommes de la classe ouvrière'
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Grassadonio, Guido. "Lucien Goldmann : pour un marxisme humaniste. De l’anthropologie paradoxale à l’autogestion ouvrière." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH158.
Lucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, was an important figure in the debate on the relation between Marxism et Humanism, from the 1950's until the day of his death.The purpose of this work is to show, first of all, his philosophical foundations of his Marxist humanism, that is simultaneously a critic of Sartre and an irreducible enemy of Althusser and all the structuralist school. The heart of his thought is a paradoxical anthropology inspired by Pascal and his conception of wager, but also by Goethe's Faust and the idea of the necessity of a «passage through evil» or an ethical/political compromise. Dialectic and pascalian wager compose in Goldmann's view one philosophical unity, which this work has tried to describe its most important moments.In the second part, we tried to describe the Goldmann's sociological work of historical reconstruction of most important form of (sometimes political, sometimes only cultural) humanist resistance: from novel to worker’s self-government, passing by the history of socialist movement.Finally, this work is also to highlight Goldmann's thought, that of a new socialism based on the concept of worker automation and characterized by the non-abolition of the free market, and it's confrontation with other authors, like Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Althussser and Mallet. The objective is to show how some statement of the author can be useful to today debate
Lucien Goldmann, 1913-1970, è stato una figura importante all'interno del dibattito sul rapporto fra marxismo e umanesimo tra gli anni '50 fino alla sua scomparsa.Questo lavoro mira, per prima cosa, a mostrare le vere basi filosofiche del suo umanesimo marxista, contemporaneamente critico di Sartre e irriducibilmente nemico d'Althusser e di tutta la scuola strutturalista. Come cuore di tale pensiero troviamo un'antropologia paradossale ispirata tanto da Pascal e dalla sua concezione del "pari", tanto dal Faust di Goethe, con l'idea della necessità di un "cammino attraverso il male", ovvero di un compromesso etico/politico. Dialettica e scommessa pascaliana compongono nell'autore una sola unità filosofica, di cui questo lavoro prova a descriverne i passaggi principali.In un secondo momento, si è provato anche a descrivere il lavoro sociologico proposto da Goldmann nel tentativo di ricostruire le forme principali di resistenza umanista (sia politica, sia meramente culturale) alla società capitalista reificata e reificante: dal romanzo fino all'autogestione operaia, passando per la storia del movimento socialista.In fine, questo lavoro prova pure a descrivere l'ultima proposta politica di Goldmann, ovvero quella di un nuovo socialismo, fondata sul concetto di autogestione operaia e caratterizzato dalla non abolizione le libero mercato.All'interno di questo percorso, una grande importanza è data al confronto tra le idee goldmanniane e quelle di altri autori, come Bloch, Balibar, Fromm, Mallet e Althusser. Lo scopo è quello di mostrare come certe proposte dell'autore siano ancora all'altezza del dibattito attuale
Nasralli, Abdelhamid. "La question des identités ouvrières dans la littérature contemporaine du travail. L'exemple de Leslie Kaplan et François Bon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0011.
Our work hunts for bringing together two literary thoughts of two writers who marked the return of literature to narratives, Man and the world around the 1970’s and 1980’s. The study we are leading rests on a precise problem which is the nowadays identities of workers, their construction/deconstruction but above all questioning their status in a world of massive changes. Indeed, Leslie Kaplan and François Bon whom we are studying tend to question in their respective narrative the identity of workers in terms of a permanent process of reconstitution and transformation linked to new forms of work which has become atypical. Also, through the construction of novelistic characters with uncertain and fragile identities they look for revealing the state of precariousness of the social conditions of workers in the real society. Thus, as the story unfolds, the characters-workers are confronted with a real that they cannot grasp ; a real where the workspace is dislocated and worktime is fragmented. Leslie Kaplan and François Bon leave scope to such real in their texts through discontinued and hybrid structure which is nothing but an answer to the “fracture that runs the surface of the world”. Leslie Kaplan and François Bon writing is political at its very core through making the discursive gesture (free speech) as well as physical gesture (social struggle) a medium through which the characters try to confirm a threatened identity and to regain a lost working culture
Epee, Ekwalla Joseph. "La classe ouvrière au Cameroun." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070052.
The labour class in cameroonis the object of this thesis. So it includes an introduction of therical analysis to several aspects of the problematic, with first, an examination of the following concepts : social classes, labour class, middle classes and burgesses. The labour development will give us a general view on labour class in cameroon. Chapters iii, iv, v and vi will give us different characteristics on labour class in cameroon and chafter vii. To enclose this first part of our study, chapters iii, iv, v, vi and viii will be centered on different from of method, system. .
Guerid, Djamel. "Industrialisation, classe ouvrière et sociologie : l'exemple algérien." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070056.
The objective of this work is the approach of that has become the algerian society. It tries to make understand why a country seemed "well beginning" in 1962, finds itself after three decades of development into a deep economical, social and cultural crisis. Starting from the idea that the comparative sociology is sociology itself (durkheim), this aproach tries hard each time to put in relation the algerian fact with those of the same nature observed in the occidental world seen by leading algerian elite as a model. This approach wild spread out into three convergent directions: the observation of the industrial conception of the development and its concrete spread in the national and local ground in comparison with the classical industrialization and the soviet one. . The analysis of the workers kinds which the meeting of this type of industrialization with the algerian society has proceded and their particularities related to the classical pattern of the industrial worker
Tripier, Maryse. "L'immigration dans la classe ouvrière en France." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3021.
The first part of this thesis traces the history of immigration in france since the mid-nineteenth century. Two major migratory waves have occurred during the twentieth century. The early generations of immigrants were essentially working-class. Their status as foreigners was an important factor in their exclusion from french social and political life. Later generations have rapidly assimilated. Their population constitute an essential element in the french population and labor force. The foreign workers have never constituted more than 15% of the labor force, but their distribution therein has been very uneven. General censures since 1945 indicate that foreign populations are concentrated in cities, and that their jobs are generally industrial and unskilled. Their social and professional integration varies with labor conditions, country of origin, point of entry and community resources. This thesis demonstrates the fact that french legislation has never been protectionnistic as regards the working class. The second part discusses relations between french and immigrants workers. It includes the author's monographs based on surveys undertaken within companies
Montebello, Fabrice. "Spectacle cinématographique et classe ouvrière : Longwy (1944-1960)." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO2A003.
Esfandiari, Massoumé Mastanneh. "La classe ouvrière iranienne de 1956 à 1976." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3012.
Terrail, Jean-Pierre. "L'individuation ouvrière." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3003.
The research is focused on the contemporary transformations of the working class in France, and puts forward an overall sociological interpretation. It concerns the problematic of the individuation's socio-historical nature, that is to say the process by which mankind develops, all at once, its capacities and individual needs; their proper individualization by a biographic singularization movement and become more active subjects to their own lives. By examining the modifications which have affected the last twenty five years of the workers way of life; work, relationship to school, fertility, social mobility, union and political organizations; the author shows that they have engaged a historical breach in the labour individuation form; thus turning out to be the bearers of a profound readjustment of the classe's culture, concerning in particular the relationship between the individual and his concrete belonging to his family, neighborhood factory, union, etc. The investigation spreads out successively into three programmes. The first programme is of the class itself held in its national specificities and its close history. The second being a regional case, the employment bowl of Caen (Calvados), in which the study allows a precise linking sentence to the local relationships and history of the individuals, dealt in terms of social trajectories. The final programme being about the individuals in whic the life stories allow the understanding of the subjective aspect of the labout individuation's transformations
Kao, Essohouna. "Le privilège d'être ouvrier de l'industrie au Togo : analyse des effets sociaux d'un processus d'industrialisation précaire et de la situation de l'emploi salarié." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT3003.
This thesis analyses the worker social status in togo within the socioeconomical context associated with a precarious industrialization. The study tries to explain the working privilege notion faced with that generalized rarefaction event of paid work and expresses opinion on success chances of togo industrialization. The theoretical background, founded on sociological survey, combines the sub-participation and direct observation, the informal discussions and the biographic collection with intent to understand the workers activities and living conditions as well as their forms of existence transformations. The data of togolese social stratification, the mutual aid and solidarity usual customs as well as the industrialization subject, show that the worker enjoys real, relative, redistributive, durable and individualized privilege. Taking trade-union practices into account, industrial workers in togo constitute an << embryonic state >> wage-earnings class possessing a prestige and a social power in the bosom of the preletarian relations, but they don't form a social organized force endowed with working class-consciousness
Allab, Fatiha. "La classe ouvrière algerienne : essai théorique et pratique : le cas d'Annaba." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100095.
Hassaini, Leasse. "Mouvement ouvrier socialiste frontalier ou mouvements ouvriers socialistes frontaliers ? : France du Nord et Belgique (1840-1929)." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUED013.
The working solidarity beyond the political boundaries holds a special place in the socialist and workman imagination in the XIXth and XXth centuries. At same time, when the economic liberalism is the main figure of working, the working solidarity is the only way to arouse fear among the wealthy so what is real beyond the myth ? In the north of France and in Belgium, the extreme similarity of workers way of living in the firms promotes the socialist project of bringing the socialist labor movement, together in order to unify the demands of various groups of workers. That's why, between 1840 and 1929, activists and leaders of northerners and Belgian Labor movements undertake a work to disseminate the internationalists ideas and of brotherhood and abolition of political boundaries for the workers. But very quickly, the idea of opening borders becomes wedge issue between the workers and the northern socialists
Juggoo, Barathlall. "Le développement à l'Île Maurice : la croissance économique et la classe ouvrière." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6625.
Souchard, Nadine. "Classe ouvrière et ruralité : la genèse du salariat laitier en Bretagne orientale." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20017.
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard. "La chaine ouvrière : les champs, l'usine, la ville à Banfora." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3013.
The initial project is to determine the conditions to the formation of working classe in french west africa. Taking for scope of research the workere of agro-industrial complex of the sosuco (societe sucriere de la comoe), set up in south-west of the burkina-faso for about ten years, the monographic study seeks to distinguish and follow three main aspects of the process by which farmers become factory workers : the proletarianization of rural population observed through the seasonal incursion of contrymen into paid work ; thesalarying in the process of factory essential mould of an exprerience of the new working condition ; and last urbanization, central or peripherical, with a reelaboration of the traditional village culture. The disculturation and acculturation effects of this process are traced in the spontaneous resistances to factory discipline, the using forms of urban consumarism; the striking conflicts, the early modes of union organisation where are built, with the experience of a common condition, the very forms of identy of a new class
Avome, Mba Gisèle. "Étude comparative de la classe politique au Mexique et Venezuela : 1940-1974." Toulouse 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU21007.
Hennequin, Émilie. "Modélisation du sentiment de succès de carrière chez les ouvriers." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010062.
Périer, Pierre. "Les vacances des familles populaires." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H032.
The notion of holiday can't be simply summarized to the time of a stay punctuated by the collective ritual of departures and returns : it contains on the one hand dreams and plans that come before and on the other hand the memories and the family recollection that come after. Always in everybody's minds and in daily conversations, holiday is, in popular classes, the root of a collective idealization. It gives a communauty, egalitarian, humanitarian, alternative option more ore less realistic in the individualist, hierarchical, utilitarian, process of daily life. For the families who have been on holiday, holiday happiness gets fulfilled in the "ritualization" of the deeds more than in the incertainties of adventure. For the families who haven't been on holiday, the settled way of life can mean privation and even exclusion but it can also correspond to a certain kind of household holiday (gardening, do-it yourself. . . ) Or it can be written in a continuation of being and doing, far from the promises of a somewhere else where you could be another one
Massipe, Alexandre. "S'engager aux côtés de la classe ouvrière pour "changer la vie" : 1919-1939." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010519.
Carrez, Maurice. "La classe ouvrière finlandaise entre 1880 et 1920 : approche matérielle d'un concept historique." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070104.
The aim of this thesis is to examine, by relying on material data, the relevance of the concept of working class in a rapidly industrializing country, where heterogeneous categories of workers can be found side by side. To begin with, the original features of the industrial revolution in finland are examined together with their impact on the supposed formation of a working class. There appears that the rapid and quite steady rhythm of industrialization went together with a radical alteration of the social structure, especially in the agricultural regions, where the gap widenod between the freeholders and the landless peasants. Among the latter were recruited most of the lumbermen, who supplied the saving mills and the paper industry, and the unskilled workers, who left the predominantly agricultural areas to go and settle in the urban or urbanizing industrial centers. There took place a slow osmosis between the various groups of workers, which materialized after 1900 in the second generation phenomenon, crucible of a more homogeneous proletariat. If fundamental differences remained between skilled and unskilled workers, workers hired by the year or seasonal workers, lumbermen and other types of wage-earners, the thorough study of their living conditions and their evolution (real salary, consumption patterns, lodgings, working hours, professional risks) or the study of their geographical distribution over the national territory show that their cohesion as a class grew more important, with likely repercussions on their class consciousness. Consequently the concept of working class is to be considered as relevant as regards finland from 1880 to 1920, provided on one hand, that it be defined in the marxist sense from production of surplus value, which in turn implies a reevaluation of the official statistical data, and, on the other hand, that its complex and changing nature in time be stressed
Zapata, Antoine. "Marquage social de la langue et reproduction de la classe ouvrière par l'école." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20012.
The linguistic analysis of pupils of technical schools, generated from professional or academic medium, makes obvious that the difference between pupils who succeed and pupils who fail is more a question of superficial and structural markers of the speech than of a subtle apprehension of the language on the contrary, family data, such as parents' age or the attitude towards some situations in the life of youngster, give a better description of the pupil's belonging to the succeeding or the failing group, as well as the class he's attending for their part teachers have a strongly socially-stressed conception of what can or cannot be accepted, occulting the working class as an authorized producer of language facts, while demanding from their pupils a conformity towards a language whose standard are too high
Leroy, Monique. "L’expression artistique comme émancipation et représentation de la classe ouvrière par elle-même." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20136.
The desire to change life, to be accomplished and emancipated in the 1830s was found through artistic expression. This continues today in other forms. The proletariat of the nineteenth century decided to no longer live the unbearable. They took hours on their free time, to educate and cultivate themselves. They founded newspapers, composed songs, poems, pamphlets, read the texts of thinkers like Saint-Simonian and Fourierists. Their struggle followed the routes of the aesthetic regime. This experience of emancipation is the link, through time, with other multiple attempts that continue to transform society, with highlights in 1936, 1968, 1995. During the social movements in 1995, the strikers chose cinematic expression to recount their struggle. A flood of images followed the strikers throughout demonstrations and General meetings. These films led to creating a different vision of strikes and to building a working memory by the workers themselves. They are a counterpoint to the images and comments offered by most of the media. They are also aesthetic experiences. This very use of the camera by workers is not new. It is part of the history of militant cinema that creates a social representation of the working world. It is necessary to understand these different periods of emancipation, to build and to analyze the figures in this history of the emergence of aesthetics in the field of working history. We must also question the political and anthropological significance of these breaking points where the desire for emancipation and fulfillment is part of an aesthetic dimension When the working class is being overhauled its identity, when the disappearance of its values is evoked, it is essential to show its fight and struggles that continue to stake its history
Retière, Jean-Noël. "L'enracinement ouvrier à Lanester." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3006.
The framework of this research is the town of lanester in the outskirts of lorient in the "departement" of morbihan (brittany) being born because of the proximity of the naval dockyard (arsenal), this town won its local autonomy in nineteen nine only. First colonised till the sixties by a working class population bound to the state shipbuilding, socialist from the very beginning to the second world war, communist since nineteen forty fiveup to now, its social morphology explains the hegemony of the arsenal community in the cultural and political fields. This study based on analyses of census, of registers of births in particular consists in bringing out the conditions of emergence of a "fief culture" in the rural, clerical and conservative "departement" of morbihan. But nowadays with the progressive disappearing of the supremacy of the original population the question is to measure the consequences of social changes, of division within the local working class in particular and subsequently to estimate the degrees of autonomy that the local scene reserves to the different residential components. The instancies of the collective sociability still escape the stamp of the upper classes and are characterised by influences of the heirs to the hegemony, and the absence of groups of skilled or unskilled workmen irrelevant to the traditional community of references particularly. The question turns on the limits of the collective identity and the production of a local collective memory. Threatened by the new configuration of the society how long will the arsenal community keep its monopoly over the supporters of local patriotism?
Oliveri, Frederico. "Du prolétariat intégré à la citoyennenté insurgeante : Habermas et la théorie critique de la société à la recherche de subjectivités antagonistes." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100022.
Under the impression of the recent economic and financial crises and the risks of an ongoing global warming, this thesis would like to answer a rather radical question: do in today society do social forces exist that are both theoretically interested in changing the social and productive paradigm and practically capable of bringing change ahead, starting from the local and influencing gradually national and global levels, too? The events and the social transformations of the past and the new centuries suggest an important change in the critical paradigm: today clearly it appears that class should be considered from the point of view of a insurgent citizenship rather than of the historical proletariat coming from the marxist tradition. Then, insurgent citizens should be considered as the often unconscious heir of the marxian proletarians. The thesis deals, from a theoretical and historical point of view, with the transition from the integrated proletarians to the insurgent citizens. This transition bases itself on a genealogical reconstruction of marxism and Habermas' work as both victims of the same aporia: a reified notion of class, which is a-critically identified with the historical proletariat. The thesis tries to demonstrate that it is possible to work out a structure of a critical social theory detached from its first social form (i. E. The proletariat) and open to find potential for conflicts and change in other sectors of the population. In conclusion, it is possible to confirm that insurgent citizens are the ground for a post-capitalist alternative society
Lépine, Philippe. "Sociologie de représentations ouvrières de la révolution." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT3013.
Estrada, Urroz Rosalina. "La condition ouvrière à Puebla (Mexique), 1940-1976 : (travail, consommation et luttes ouvrières)." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080683.
This research is directived to two sector of the working class in puebla : the textil and automovil industries. During this years some changes took place in the working conditions : however this do not follow a lineal course ; from 1940 to 1950 the caracteristics of the factory instalations remain stable. The workers, on account of this live throw a series of obstacles for sealing their working force and they also have low salaries. Modernization of the textil industry began in 1950 and the productive proceses were transformed. The worrkers fasted new criteria of productivity and the reduction of the numbler or workers hired. Since 1960 another economic state could be seen because of the arrival of new factories with an intensive use of capital. In this atmosphere a new working class rises. Tendencies to a braking point of the transmission of the textil skills are seen. The workers remain having a series of cultural practicises inherited from past generations. The workers struggles for their reivindications take place within oficial unions, wich became force since 1950 and have limited their struggless to the recuperation of buying power
Vukovski, Ivan. "Le syndicalisme yougoslave (1974-1982) : la classe ouvrière entre l'autogestion socialiste et le centralisme démocratique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985IEPP0002.
In the country where all power is in possession of the Communist Party, that present oneself as advanced-guard of the proletariate, may put some questions as for use trade union in so far as a worker association laying claims to same ends. A paradoxical situation that we intend study through the position of trade union in self management that, by its essence and its objectives, lay claim to ensuve the power of the working class. Self-management is the right and the duty of the workers and citizens to decide sovereign all questions concerning their lives and work as also collective business and development of the society. What place remains to the trade union ? Trade union in the storm, in the economical crisis, and especialy in the institutional crisis what seems to loom with the existence of manifold poles of decision. A situation which may appear benign if trade unions were not confronted with a sensitive disaffection from the workers. The trade unions in so far as a mass organisation of people have not any answer to propose for the future of the political system. His role and his tasks are not diverge of the Leninist rule, in spite of the introduction of self-management
Pakzad, Jahan-Bakhch. "La question ouvrière à travers le devenir socio-politique en Iran : 1941-1962." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100086.
Parting from th labor problematic, this research proceds to a systematic analysis of the iranian society from intellectual, cultural, economic and political point of view. This openning enterprise is formed substentially by : 1) the preliminaries that present the state of social studies and usual notions spcially in relation to the labor world. 2) the study of the quantitative importance and the place of the workers in the iranian economic life. 3) the study of the components of the iranian political life ? Particulary the organizations with labor vocation. 4) the approach of the problems of culture and conscience in the labor realm who completes the cultural dimension of our purpose. So, measuring the quatitative and qualitative weight of the "workers", this investigation underlines the inadequacies of methodes and conceptual panoplies used to interprete the ianian political problems and entities
Gougou, Florent. "Comprendre les mutations du vote des ouvriers : vote de classe, transformation des clivages et changement électoral en France et en Allemagne depuis 1945." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01701077.
This PhD thesis aims at contributing to a better understanding of political change in France and Germany since 1945 by analyzing transformations in the vote of a particular social group: the working-class. Based on survey and election results data, it defends an approach that focuses on change in both the cleavage structures and the issues shaping the political competition. Rejecting the assumption that the working-class is naturally inclined to vote for the left-wing parties, it shows that the working-class voting behaviour mainly depends on the nature of the political conflicts that are promoted by political elites. It also emphasizes the impact of generational replacement on changes in working-class voting: working-class people who vote for right-wing parties or abstain from voting today are not the same than working-class people who voted for left-wing parties yesterday. Finally, it underlines the existence of contextual dynamics and local anchorage of cleavage structures beyond the changes identified in national election studies
Hentz, Jean-Philippe. "L'Epopée du pauvre diable : propositions pour une étude de l'autobiographie ouvrière irlandaise du vingtième siècle." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20023.
This doctoral thesis dealing with twentieth century Irish working-class autobiography is based on a corpus of texts published throughout the century and written by Irishmen and women from Ireland but also from the United States or Great Britain. The analysis is inspired by the method of cultural studies, allowing to produce a coherent and comprehensive reading of these texts through their very heterogeneity. The objective is then to propose a reading that would show the specificities of the main cultural and social common features of these autobiographies, but also to understand how these features and the individual identity of the authors are expressed. The aim is also to link these texts with a larger cultural context and to show their relation with a traditional way to tell a story, seemingly typical of the Irish oral culture and of Irish cultural patterns, adapted to a contemporary, working-class context and a written form
Taïbi, Nadia. "L'expérience ouvrière de Simone Weil : la philosophie au travail." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_taibi_n.pdf.
When Simone Weil is hired at Alsthom in december of the year 1934, her reasons were not only politicals but and above all philosophical. Her question is not the exploitation of the labors but the oppression that is mean. The more oppressing in the factory is the perpetual inversion between the proceedings and the purposes by whom men became slavers of the machines. The rationalization in the factory prevents the workers to express the method and the intelligence of their work. The repetition of mechanical gestures is more a method of controlling workers than a method for rationalizing work. Simone Weil will say thus : “ the adventure of Descartes took a bad way”. She became factory worker in the purpose to be connecting with the reality but, she discovered the power of fictions. Workers can no longer rule their works by their thought. They have to subordinate to the machines. Thus, Simone Weil is doing a description of totalitary organisation in wich people have to annihilate their soul. As a philosopher the experiment of Simone Weil is an answer of the question : what means thinking?
Depretto, Jean-Paul. "Les ouvriers en U. R. S. S. (1928-1940) : profils d'une classe." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010660.
The policy of forced industrialization of Bolshevik leaders in the nineteen thirties provoked a sudden change of the social structures: during the first five-year plan (1928-1932), the number of industrial workers grew from three to six millions people. This ph. D. Seeks to describe these upheavals: it relies on a thorough analysis of two trade-union censuses (1929 and 1932 33). The first chapter shows that in 1929 the Old Russian working class has not disappeared at all, contrary to the opinion of many historians. The second chapter studies the growth of the industrial workforce in the nineteen thirties: it insists on the importance of forced labor on the great building sites. In chapter’s iii and IV, I examine the regional features of the working class, on the basis of five examples: cotton industry of Moscow, ferrous metallurgy of the Urals, metal industry of Leningrad, coal mines of the Donbass, kuakas. From this investigation, it appears that there are astonishing permanence’s on a regional level: the great turning point did not destroy the heritage of the past. Finally, the last chapter tries to define the complex relations between soviet workers and Bolshevik power
Urlacher, Bernard. "Une Sociologie du travail ouvrier à l'usine : la constitution de l'unité de production, la mise en place et la maintenance d'une organisation syndicale après la restructuration, la mise en oeuvre d'un principe particularisant par les ouvriers, le travail de déconstruction de la section syndicale." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0017.
By reconstituting the history of a factory, through interviews included in the text, we show that the initial forms of investment in the factory personnel give structure to the firm's ulterior development. The firm develops through an interpersonal network, according to a village-based mode of production. The creation of collective worker organizations prolongs the development and complexification of the unit of production. The local union brings into the factory a new way of interpreting the ties between the boss and the workers and among workers, a new way of measuring and evaluating social ties : this is by reference to public opinion, to the search for and defense of everyone's common interest, and of the different forms of legal texts. This change has also found expression in the valorization of "equivalents" such as official degrees (which workers rarely have), in the accentuation of differences between workers who are close in other ways, and in the elimination of local workers' specific characteristic and of their demands. The process of "reducing" the trade union's collective work depends on this "denunciation". It is a rival trade union which denigrates the first union's efforts, by presenting them as a mere expression of particular interest. This process of "reduction" leads to a new definition of work : one see no longer in terms of villagebased forms of solidarity but rather in terms of the risk involved
Soualhia, Zohra. "La conscience ouvrière chez les ouvriers d'origine rurale en Algérie : le cas des ouvriers du complexe sidérurgique d'El-Hadjar à Annaba." Toulouse 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU20074.
Garner, Steve. "Ethnicité, classe sociale et rapports sociaux de sexe en Guyana." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040259.
Kassapi, Athéna. "Voyage au fond de la mine : enquête sur les formes de pensée des ouvriers des mines de Kassandra en Grèce." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084230.
This PhD in anthropology is based on a fieldwork study conducted in 1995 in Kassandra mines (Greece). On the basis of a thorough ethnographic work and interviews with the miners, the PhD focuses on workers' forms of thinking in a conjuncture characterised by the disappearance of class references and a political conjuncture marked by mines closure. After tracing back workers' struggles until the 90's in Greece, telling the fieldwork story and describing in details work underground, the PhD studies on turn words such as : miner, worker, and ipoghitis (underground worker in Greek) which wines workers' awareness underground in a complex way ; then the category of art ; finally relationships at work and the cleavage which persists between workers nowadays. The PhD demonstrates that those words are at heart of workers' forms of thinking and prescriptions and allow to grasp miners' awareness
Bonilo, Paula Susana. "Las basas sociales y territoriales de la corrupción : dominación y micro-resistencias en un barrio de clase trabajadora en el Conurbano Bonaerense." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0121.
Corruption is a social problem that has been widely debated in recent years, both in social sciences and the media. Most of the academic literature analyzes from a macro-social perspective the harmful effects of corruption on democracy and the economy. On the contrary, the present study analyzes corruption from a micro-social perspective, which recuperates the meanings constructed by social agents, the type of social relations ingrained in corrupt practices and the consequences of this phenomena for people's lives. The aim of the study is to analyze the corrupt practices affecting the lives of residents of a working class neighborhood of the Northern Gran Buenos Aires. We study these practices from people's perspectives. We mainly took into account the influence of their biographic experiences and their class affiliation in the way they understand corruption. Corruption is analyzed as part of asymmetric social relations of domination-subordination. In this context, we study weedy micro-resistances of workers, which could be understood as micro class fights oriented to create autonomous social organizations. The methodological strategy consists on a multi-method approach. We carried out 30 semi--structured interviews to urban working class people and key informants. At the same time, we performed a participant observation during two years, which was complemented with documents, photos, and statistical data
Thibault, Martin. "Une jeunesse ouvrière : sédimentation des identités sociales de jeunes ouvriers de la maintenance des trains à la RATP." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H029.
This thesis focuses on today Young workers. Based on a thorough and multiple ethnographical investigation (interviews, observations, informal contacts, sharing of activities…), I’ve tried to sort out, in the long-term, how Young working-class social identities build themselves before joining public services and after they have integrated them, in and out of the factories. To understand the people I chose to interview within their specificity and complexity I mingled several sociology fields, which not only means work but also school, family, culture etc… Only an investigation within the long terme may help understand how identities obey to evolutions and take peculiar shapes : hopes developed throughout their scholarship until their very first days in the factories, then through the long-lasting working class condition to compensating identities that enable them to say they are not only workers, at least, not like the previous génération. Their parallel activities (evening class, music, dance, holidays with the UCPA…) help them considering themselves, even though they may some day realize they are not as qualified as the expected to be, familiar to this middle class they have often idealized and that they have never fully accepted not to be part of, when they have interacted with if for some time at school. This situation reveals a real ambiguity that questions the representations of social stratification that exist today
Cardoso, Dalla Costa Rosa Maria. "Le rôle des journaux télévisés : étude de la réception chez les ouvriers de la ville de Curitiba, au Brésil." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081664.
Aucher, Laurent. "La mémoire du collectif : recherche sur la mémoire ouvrière : deux générations de métallurgistes à Vierzon." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070001.
In his work La Classe ouvrière et les niveaux de vie (1912), the French sociologist Maurice Halbwachs elaborated a theory about social classes in which he justified some hierarchy among them by proving the existence of a « central hearth» : the more integrated the classes are, the doser they are from the hearth. According to Halbwachs, the working class is the most remote from the centre because of the isolation of the worker regarding the lifeless material in front of him during his working day at the factory. By criticizing Halbwachs theory about social classes — and more precisely what I called his « conceptual model of the working class » — I tried to link my research, the working memory, to Halbwachs theory about memory (Les Cadres sociaux de la mémoire : 1925 ; La Mémoire collective : 1950). This led me to highlight — against Halbwachs — the fact that if the individual memory is different from the social or collective one, the first being a mental faculty able to rememoration, and the second a rhetorical metaphor for a transcendental social object, this social memory needs to express through individual memories, the only ones we can observe. Leaning on an empirical material, more precisely a biographic research on two generations of steelworkers in Vierzon, I was able to state that there is a third object, that I will call « memory of the collective », between the individual memory and the collective or social one, and that takes shape of a kind of trend of memory
Clément, Karine. "Les ouvriers dans les mutations de la societe russe actuelle : 1989-1997." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHESA023.
Our research aims to evaluate the worker's position in the system of social relations that is now appearing in russia and the part they play in constructing these social relations. Our research also examines the part of their social experience and identity that is imposed on them by the system. At the crossroads of these two theoretical approaches, this work studies the workers' relations with the past, their work situations and their relations to collective action. From our observations it appears that the soviet past weighs heavily on the representations that the workers have of themselves at present. These representations depend partly on permanencies or on objective changes that have taken place in the workers lives, but they are mainly determined by the closing of historical debate which prevents them from reinterpreting and re-appropriating their past. As for the work situations, they are contrasted and diverse and divide the working class. The breaking up of the working class can be explained especially as unstable and uncontrollable working conditions are widespread. They therefore offer an unfavourable background to the subjective construction of oneself and the emergence of active solidarity. This is partly why collective actions are rather infrequent. They are hindered both by subjective and objective factors. Three structural mechanisms largely explain this phenomenon : social exclusion, exploitation and de-subjectivation. The investigation of these different areas has lead us to question the existence of the working class as an actual social group and advance the idea of a deconstruction of this group, carried by the objective transformation of russian society and the concomitant change in social, political and scientific representations
Teixeiras, Ana Maria Freitas. "Travail et éducation : les métallurgistes de Bahia, Brésil." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082212.
The thesis is about the relationship between Work, Education and Technology. It considers the current debate concerning the professional "qualification" of manual workers meeting the metamorphosis of the work world. In this respect, on the basis of in depth interviews carried out on the metalworkers in 2 factories located in Bahia (Brazil), we have scrutinized the process of "learning at work" such it operates in a power relationship situation that has a capital nature. We also looked into the stakes of the qualification policies carried out by the employers with in a context of participatory management during the 90's
Brillaud, André. "La mise en marge scolaire : enfants d'ouvriers en sections d'education spécialisée : contribution à une sociologie de la mobilisation scolaire." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT3014.
The service of "specialised teaching methods" created to welcome and take in charge intellectually retarded children has strongly progressed with the so-called "specialised forms" created to be part of renewal french school system which began as early as 1959. The present work which situates these "specialised teaching methods" in the whole scheme of education, will show how this pedagogical network will re-assume and "recuperate" the pupils which the normal educational system would not comprehend and accept because of their inadequate performances compared to the normal requirements at the different levels of the ordinary cursus. This cursus becomes more and more normalised by the compulsory itinerary through the first and second form. The vast number of orientations in the "specialised sections" and the mostly popular social origin of the pupils raise many problems as to the real nature of the alleged deficiences. Compared to the performances in the high schools, are not the lower results in "specialised sections" a revealing factor of the social and familial ingredients of the working classes whose adaptation to the secondary school system is a kind of break with their own traditional vision of school? are we not then to contemplate a completely different approach by the working-class families in their search for efficient educational patterns in conformity with their own social network and their own capacity for intellectual mobilisation (though modulated) within their own symbolical mastery of time?
Marin-Lamellet, Anne-Lise. "Le "Working Class Hero" ou la figure ouvrière à travers le cinéma britannique de 1956 à nos jours." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL007.
Since 1956, British cinema has regularly used the figure of the working class hero to represent working-class culture and the social and economic ups and downs it went through whether it was during the so-called Affluent Society (late 1950s-late 1970s) or the early signs of what was then to become an intensifying crisis (early 1980s-late 2000s). Based on a corpus of around three hundred films, this study relates British cinema to its contemporary social, economic and political context in order to attempt a definition of working-class idiosyncrasies and the recurring problems this class has had to face (threat of embourgeoisement or proletarianisation). It also attempts to replace the working class into the heart of all the debates that have stirred British society over the last fifty years and for which the working class hero has become a catalyst (meritocracy, classless society, inequalities, the place of women and minorities in society). Beyond his sociological representativeness, the continuing interest the working class hero has aroused and the fact that his identity rests on an exacerbated portrayal of suffering masculinity rather than a clearly defined class consciousness enable one to contemplate the emergence of a true mythical figure in the British national imagination
Baudin, François. "La mise au travail des ouvriers en Meurthe-et-Moselle et en Lorraine du sud : 1870-1914." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN2A001.
Cocco, Giuseppe. "Antagonisme et développement en Italie : une mise en perspective historique des figures de la subjectivité ouvrière de l'après-guerre à aujourd'hui." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010642.
An historical analisis of the conflicts within the italian mode of development from the post war period until nowadays presents an exceptional set of instruments for the interpretation of the italien model of economic flexibility. The harmonious confluence of taylorist schemes of accumulation with the fordist mode of regulation after the economic miracle of the 1950s underwent an irreversible rupture during the 1960s, confronted by rise of a new worker subjectivity. The dialectic between struggles and development was never successfully defined within a stable framework of institutional mediation because of the following factors: on one hand, the mobilization of the labour force on the basis of an internal immigration, and thus on the basis of a limited segmentation of the labour market, and, on the other hand, the subjective recomposition of the taylorist working class, which carried such a strong destabilizing force precisely because it was never fully separated from formes of subjectization that already existed in the labor market
Degli, Esposti Mirco. "Que pensent les ouvriers des transformations dans les usines de Bologne, une ville en changement : enquête d'usine." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/124493076#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
This thesis focuses on the forms of though of workers from the mechanical factories of Bologna, the capital city of Emilia Romagna, Italy. This research is based on interviews that have been carried out in the year 2001: it is a study which departs from a classist perspective by abandoning the premise regarding the existence of class consciousness, and by embracing instead a post-classist anthropological view. This view involves the assertion that “workers do think” and the investigation of their thought. This study exposes the forms of thought of the interviewed workers as well as the themes that these forms today disclose. The analysis of workers’ questions and forms of thought allows the configuration of worker and factory as two terms of the current think-ability of post-classist politics
Soldano, Anna. "Les immigrés italiens dans le nord de la France après 1945." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100183.
Yu, Ki-Hwan. "Deux romans ouvriers : Germinal, Le Crépuscule, dimension socio-politique d'une esthétique." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081347.
This study examines how the authors, by applying their own socio-political beliefs to the working-class struggles they write about, give form to their novels. The study is composed of three parts: first, an examination of the novels' presentation of social opposition; next, an examination of how ideological indoctrination - motivated by social opposition - is presented, and finally a focus on the working-class hopes born of this ideological teaching. The first part, which treats three of the novels' bases (+character;, +time; and +space;) will show that antagonism completely dominates humans trapped in a capitalistic society: we will emphasize discursive opposition and the temporal order of the episodes. The second part is devoted to the study of the indoctrination model: we will attempt to prove that the crux of these novels of the working class is this teaching of ideology. The third part attempts to explain just how much novels of the working class emphasize the desire to fight and the optimistic belief in a positive result of that fight: if we speak of an "aesthetic of hope" in an "aesthetic of struggle", it is because this hope comes solely from the fight. Throughout this study we will attempt to show that however pertinent the questions asked by a literary work may be, an excessive schematization for its utility will result, ultimately, in a negation of that literary work. From this reasoning we arrive at the following conclusion, posed as a hypothesis: the more a novel of the working class employs artistic qualities, the more its socio-political theses succeed in being convincing
Lerner, Hadassa. "La femme du secteur ouvrier au Brésil : 1889-1922." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100064.
This research concentrates on uncovering the facts known about the women of the workers' population in brazil, and on comparing them with their image. The historical aspects of the beginning of the workers' movement are studied, from 1889 to 1922. The militants and believers of the egalitarian ideology claimed political and economical equality for all men. They fought, cried and died for it. The question put here is whether they believed in the equality of men and women with the same enthusiasm. We looked for an answer by researching the liftist press published in brazil, and by analyzing some of the socialist plays. Summing up, the image and the real performance of those women were found to be somewhat apart. Their contributions to the social and economical development of the country were stronger and heavier than what they were given credit for. Their importance was somewhat underestimated, and it is our hope that the present research will have helped to award to this unknown "woman soldier" some of the credit she is due
Duhin, Anne. ""Ouvrier", "usine" et "politique" dans l'Italie d'aujourd'hui : enquêtes d'anthropologie ouvrière dans une entreprise mécanique d'Emilie-Romagne." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082425.
This PhD is about workers’ ways of thinking in a mechanical factory located in Bologna, the capital of Emilia-Romagna, in Italy. It is based on interviews carried out in the factory in 2000 and 2003. Its problematics are those of an anthropology of singular subjectivities and it demonstrates the relevence to renew the categories of analysis about the issue of workers and factories nowadays in order to grasp its current terms. If workers no more think of themselves with the old class or movement referents nor by identifying themselves with a group, they nevertheless argue original things about themselves showing that worker and factory are essential fields of investigation for contemporaneous knowledge. This work, shows what words and themes are important for Emilian workers today, such as the issue of politics in the factory, that of trade union, the necessary taking into account of a positive notion of the workers’ work inside and outside the factory or again, sociability amongst workers