Academic literature on the topic 'Homicide – Brazil'
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Journal articles on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Pereira, Débora V. S., Caroline M. M. Mota, and Martin A. Andresen. "The Homicide Drop in Recife, Brazil." Homicide Studies 21, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767916634405.
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Studies in crime concentrations have focused primarily on North America with a rather restrictive set of crime types. In this article, we analyze the crime concentrations and spatial patterns of homicide in Recife, Brazil. Brazil’s homicide rates have remained stable but at high levels, approximately 30 homicides per 100,000. Some places have experienced notable decreases in homicide: In Recife, the capital of Pernambuco, there has been a drop in the homicide rate of 46.67%, 2000 to 2012. We analyzed the decline of homicides finding that it continues to be highly concentrated, but the decrease has not been uniform.
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Chainey, Spencer P., and Franklin Epiphanio Gomes de Almeida. "The Spatial Concentration and Dispersion of Homicide during a Period of Homicide Increase in Brazil." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2021): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080529.
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This study applies the principles of measuring micro-place crime concentration and the spatial dispersion of crime increase to the geographic unit of cities in Brazil. We identify that a small number of cities account for a large cumulative proportion of homicides, and that during a period of homicide increase 30 cities out of 5570 accounted for the equivalent national increase in homicides. The majority of the 30 cities were not established high homicide cities but instead were new emerging centers of homicide that neighbor high homicide cities. We suggest the findings can be used to better target effective programs for decreasing homicides.
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Wanzinack, Clóvis, Marcos Claudio Signorelli, Silvia Shimakura, Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira, Mauricio Polidoro, Lilian Blanck de Oliveira, and Clóvis Reis. "Indigenous homicide in Brazil: geospatial mapping and secondary data analysis (2010 to 2014)." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 24, no. 7 (July 2019): 2637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.23442017.
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Abstract This study aimed to describe a panorama of Indigenous homicide in Brazil, analysing the main characteristics and territorial distribution between 2010 and 2014. Demographic study of Indigenous population data obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and Indigenous homicide data (2010-2014) from the Ministry of Health. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, victims’ characteristics, type of homicides and geographical distribution, which were then plotted on maps using ArcGIS. Findings revealed: 1) a national estimated average of Indigenous homicide rate of 22.5 per 100,000 Indigenous inhabitants per year; 2) a map showing where homicides were registered and the mean homicide rates for Brazilian regions and states, with highest rates in Roraima and Mato Grosso do Sul; 3) the main homicide method were sharp or penetrating objects; 4) Indigenous male homicide rate was 2.4 times higher than female, but Indigenous female rate was more than double that of non-Indigenous; 5) high homicide rates of Indigenous children (under 1-year-old) in areas of the states of Roraima and Amazonas. We advise careful consideration of Indigenous cultural beliefs to avoid errors of judgement, reflecting how Indigenous populations are at risk of homicide in some areas.
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Nadanovsky, Paulo, Roger Keller Celeste, Margo Wilson, and Martin Daly. "Homicide and impunity: an ecological analysis at state level in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 43, no. 5 (October 2009): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102009000500001.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess a new impunity index and variables that have been found to predict variation in homicide rates in other geographical levels as predictive of state-level homicide rates in Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional ecological study. Data from the mortality information system relating to the 27 Brazilian states for the years 1996 to 2005 were analyzed. The outcome variables were taken to be homicide victim rates in 2005, for the entire population and for men aged 20-29 years. Measurements of economic and social development, economic inequality, demographic structure and life expectancy were analyzed as predictors. An "impunity index", calculated as the total number of homicides between 1996 and 2005 divided by the number of individuals in prison in 2007, was constructed. The data were analyzed by means of simple linear regression and negative binomial regression. RESULTS: In 2005, state-level crude total homicide rates ranged from 11 to 51 per 100,000; for young men, they ranged from 39 to 241. The impunity index ranged from 0.4 to 3.5 and was the most important predictor of this variability. From negative binomial regression, it was estimated that the homicide victim rate among young males increased by 50% for every increase of one point in this ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Classic predictive factors were not associated with homicides in this analysis of state-level variation in Brazil. However, the impunity index indicated that the greater the impunity, the higher the homicide rate.
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Silva, Carlos, Silas Melo, Alex Santos, Pedro Almeida Junior, Simone Sato, Katarina Santiago, and Lucilene Sá. "Spatial Modeling for Homicide Rates Estimation in Pernambuco State-Brazil." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9120740.
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Homicide rates have been increasing worldwide, especially in Latin America, where it is considered one of the most lethal of the continents. Despite that, the occurrence of homicides are not homogeneous in time and space on the continent or in the Brazilian cities. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to present a spatial analysis of homicides in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between the years of 2016 and 2019, by the use of an exploratory analysis of spatial homicide data with five variables that could explain its occurrence. In addition to that, it was applied the Global and Local Moran’s Index, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), all implemented in the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Thus, the distribution of clusters revealed a spatial autocorrelation for homicide rates, confirming a spatial dependence. This data also showed the polarization of the rate between the coast and the interior of the state of Pernambuco.
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Molnar Prates, Thierry, Rhafaella Karlla Costa Santana da Silva, and Anderson Moreira Aristides dos Santos. "Homicides in Alagoas - Brazil: A spatial analysis." Estudios económicos 40, no. 80 (December 28, 2022): 11–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2023.3175.
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This paper aimed to identify the main factors that influence homicides in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Therefore, we employed the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) technique and estimated spatial models in order to fix spatial autocorrelation. Although several articles have explored this theme for other states in Brazil, we chose Alagoas, a small state in northeastern Brazil, since it lead the homicide ranking per 100 thousand inhabitants in 2010, at the time of the national census. The main results show that the higher the income concentration, the greater the number of poor and the lower the educational level, the higher the homicide rate.
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Oliveira, Elenice De Souza, Braulio Figueiredo Alves da Silva, Flavio Luiz Sapori, and Gabriela Gomes Cardoso. "Homicide and Drug Trafficking in Impoverished Communities in Brazil." International Journal of Law and Public Administration 3, no. 2 (September 10, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijlpa.v3i2.5008.
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Many studies demonstrate that homicides are heavily concentrated in impoverished neighborhoods, but not all socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are hotbeds of violence. Conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, this study hypothesizes that the association between high rates of homicide and impoverished areas is influenced by the emergence of a specific type of street drug-dealing common to favelas (slums). The study applies econometric techniques to police data on homicides and drug arrests from 2008 to 2011, as well as 2010 Census data, to test its hypothesis. The findings provide insight into the development of crime prevention policies in areas of high social vulnerability.
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Cordeiro, Gauss M., Enivaldo Rocha, Dalson Figueiredo, Antônio Fernandes, Edwin M. M. Ortega, and Fábio Prataviera. "The beta and simplex regression models to explain homicides in state capitals of Brazil." Model Assisted Statistics and Applications 15, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mas-200489.
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The intentional killing of one human being by its own kind is considered the worst of the crimes. Therefore, homicide prevention is a major concern for policy makers in both developing and developed countries. We propose regression modeling for the homicide rates in Brazil along with appropriately chosen distributions for these responses that are in agreement with the restriction of values to the unit interval. We adopt the beta and simplex regression models with systematic components for the mean and dispersion parameters to explain the homicide rates in 27 state capitals of Brazil from the following explanatory variables: time, Gini coefficient, municipal human development index (MHDI), illiteracy and poverty rates. We employ standard likelihood techniques, perform influence and residual analysis and calculate goodness-of-fit statistics to select the best regression to explain homicides rates in these capitals. We perform the computations in the R package. The main results suggest the following: the mean homicide rate is increasing over time; there is a negative correlation between MHDI and murder rate; the poverty has a quite small negative impact on the mean homicide rates in the beta regression. The Gini coefficient and the illiteracy and poverty rates explain the dispersion of the homicide rates.
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Martins, Anne Karolinne Menezes, and Marcus Vinicius Mariano de Souza. "VIOLÊNCIA HOMICIDA: uma análise dos índices de homicídios no núcleo Cidade Nova, Marabá (PA) nos anos de 2014 a 2016." Revista Cerrados 17, no. 01 (February 18, 2020): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220191701131163.
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Violência e criminalidade estão se tornando elementos fundamentais para discussão acerca do espaço urbano no Brasil. A cidade de Marabá, assim como as demais cidades brasileiras, carrega em seu arcabouço histórico a materialização da violência em suas diversas faces. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender os elevados índices de homicídios no núcleo Cidade Nova, nos anos de 2014 a 2016. Segundo o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) o município de Marabá está em 11º no ranking das cidades mais violentas do Brasil, e através de dados oficiais fornecidos pelo Comando de Policiamento Regional II (CPR II) foi possível identificar o crescimento demasiado dos índices de homicídios no núcleo Cidade Nova, visto que a cidade de Marabá é polinucleada contendo cinco núcleos (Marabá Pioneira, Cidade Nova, Nova Marabá, São Félix e Morada Nova), sendo que a Cidade Nova é o local que teve maior crescimento do índice de homicídios. A partir das análises foi possível espacializar a localização das ocorrências, o que mostrou a maior presença de homicídios nos bairros mais periféricos, bem como foi possível delimitar um perfil da violência homicida, correlacionando a espacialização com outras questões, como horário, meio utilizado e perfil das vítimas.
Palavras-chave: Violência. Criminalidade. Homicídios. Marabá. Cidade Nova.
HOMICIDAL VIOLENCE: an analysis of homicide rates in the New City nucleus, Marabá (PA) in the years 2014 to 2016
ABSTRACT
Violence and crime are becoming fundamental elements for discussion about urban space in Brazil. The city of Marabá, like other Brazilian cities, carries within its historical framework the materialization of violence in its various faces. According to the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), the municipality of Marabá is in 11th place in the ranking of the most violent cities in Brazil. This study aims to analyze and understand the high homicide rates in the Cidade Nova nucleus, from 2014 to 2016. According to the Institute of Applied Economic Research , and through official data provided by the Regional Policing Command II (CPR II), it was possible to identify too much growth of homicide rates in the Cidade Nova nucleus, since the city of Marabá is polynucleate containing five nuclei (Marabá Pioneira, Cidade Nova, Nova Marabá, São Félix and Morada Nova), with the Cidade Nova being the one with the highest growth rate of homicide rates. From the analyzes, it was possible to spatialize the location of the occurrences, which showed the greater presence of homicides in the more peripheral neighborhoods, as well as it was possible to delimit a profile of homicidal violence, correlating the spatialization with other issues, such as time, means used and profile of the victims.
Keywords: Violence. Criminality. Homicides. Marabá. Cidade Nova.
VIOLENCIA HOMICIDA: un análisis de los índices de homicidios en el núcleo Cidade Nova, Marabá (PA) en los años 2014 a 2016
RESUMEN
La violencia y la criminalidad se están convirtiendo en elementos fundamentales para la discusión sobre el espacio urbano en Brasil. La ciudad de Marabá, así como las demás ciudades brasileñas, lleva en su marco histórico la materialización de la violencia en sus diversas caras. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar y comprender los elevados índices de homicidios en el núcleo Ciudad Nova, en los años 2014 a 2016. Según el Instituto de Investigación Económica Aplicada (IPEA) el municipio de Marabá está en el 11º en el ranking de las ciudades más violentas de Brasil (CPR II) fue posible identificar el crecimiento demasiado de los índices de homicidios en el núcleo Cidade Nova, ya que la ciudad de Marabá es polinucleada que contiene cinco núcleos (Marabá Pionera, Cidade Nova, Nova Marabá, São Félix y Morada Nova), siendo que la Cidade Nova es el local que tuvo mayor crecimiento del índice de homicidios. A partir de los análisis fue posible espacializar la localización de las ocurrencias, lo que mostró la mayor presencia de homicidios en los barrios más periféricos, así como fue posible delimitar un perfil de la violencia homicida, correlacionando la espacialización con otras cuestiones, como horario, medio utilizado y perfil de las víctimas.
Palabras clave: Violencia. Criminalidade. Homicidios. Marabá. Cidade Nova.
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Machado-Rios, Angelita, Murilo Martini, Kleber Cardoso-Crespo, Anderson Fraga-Morales, Pedro Vieira-Da Silva Magalhães, and Lisieux Elaine Borba-Telles. "Sociodemographic, criminal and forensic characteristics of a sample of female children and adolescents murdered in Brazil. 2010-2016." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 67, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v67n3.73245.
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Introduction: In Brazil, violence, regardless of the type, is the leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults.Objective: To describe the characteristics of the homicides in which female children and adolescents were the victims based on the autopsy reports recorded in the morgue of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study in which 70 autopsy reports of girls and female adolescents who were killed between January 2010 and December 2016 were analyzed. The cases were evaluated according to the homicide motive or the homicide perpetrator, and five categories were established: drug trafficking related death, femicide, homicide perpetrated by a family member, death preceded by sexual violence, and death related to other transgressions.Results: There was a significant increase in the number of girls and female adolescents who were murdered between 2010 (n=7) and 2016 (n=19). Most of the homicides (64.2%) were related to drug, while femicide occurred in 15.7% of the cases. Homicides perpetrated by a family member, or preceded by sexual violence or related with other transgressions were less frequent as they occurred in 10%, 5.7% and 4.2% of the cases, respectively.Conclusion: Greater attention must be paid to the increase in the number of drug trafficking related homicides among female adolescents when creating and implementing relevant public policies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Willis, Graham Arthur Neill 1979. "The killing consensus : homicide detectives, police that kill and organized crime in São Paulo, Brazil." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84430.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Studies)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 256-277).
Policing is widely understood, empirically and theoretically, as a core function of the state. Much of the knowledge presumes that police are the only body that may kill and arbitrate killing, routinely and without retaliation from contesting parties, as a means of establishing and maintaining a legitimate legal order. This dissertation examines an urban circumstance where killing and its regulation is not simply the realm of police. Sio Paulo, Brazil is a city with parallel normative logics of killing. Via ethnographic research with homicide detectives, I examine these two logics: homicides and police killings known as resistencias. Under democratic restructuring, with failing public security and underwritten by historic and spatial inequities inscribed via disparate processes of urbanization and planning, investigations reveal the practice of a 'normal' homicide that is a product of a system of governance in the urban periphery. Killing has become the realm of an organized crime group known as the Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC). Via a prison-periphery nexus, the PCC determines the moral borderlines of violence in the spaces it controls. In apparent moral contrast, police kill citizens at a rate of roughly one per day. Under the rubric of 'resisting arrest' there is a presumption of guilt for the dead and a presumption of innocence for the shooter. Homicide detectives investigate and arbitrate whether these presumptions are 'appropriate'. When not, a resistencia becomes a homicide and the offending police are arrested on the spot by detectives. I track the 'deservedness' of each logic and find that while the two appear antagonistic, there is often a confluence of imaginaries, coalescing in an implicit and obscured 'killing consensus'. This consensus is consolidated via co-orientation and everyday practices pointing towards mutually understood spatial and moral boundaries of who can be killed, why and where, underpinning a decline in homicides here by more than 75% since 2000. Yet, in a 2012 crisis that consensus was 'killed'. Violence erupted between police and the PCC, rupturing the everyday forms of equilibria that have given this city a false floor of security in recent years. Lastly, I examine how public debate and a modest effort to contribute to it led to contradictory reforms.
by Graham Denyer Willis.
Ph.D.in Urban and Regional Studies
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PEREIRA, Débora Viana e. Sousa. "An analysis of homicides in Recife, Brazil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18731.
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FACEPE
CAPES
In Brazil, since 2000, approximately 50,000 people are murdered every year. In a span of 30 years (1980 – 2010), more than 1 million homicides were registered. In 2012, the homicide rate in Brazil was 29 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. All Brazilian states exceed the threshold of epidemic established by World Health Organization. In this context, the present study has the objective of to investigate homicides in Recife, taking into account temporal, spatial, environmental, and multicriteria analysis. The temporal analysis shows that the difference of homicides between seasons and months is not statistically significant. However, there is a significant increase in homicides during the weekends (42 percent of all homicides) and evenings (62 percent). Moreover, the spatial results show that the spatial patterns are different within the temporal dimensions in many cases. The findings from spatial analysis reveal that homicides are very concentrated in the city of Recife and in a time span of five years (20092013) all the homicides occurred in less than 10 percent of the street segments. In addition, our test showed that the spatial pattern was not stable over the years. However, when we consider the temporal dimensions (as suggested by temporal analysis), the patterns were stable along the years – except for weekdays and night/dawn. Furthermore, through the environmental analysis, we found that inequality, rented houses, and number of residents have a positive relationship with homicide. On the other hand, income, education, public illumination, population density, and street network density have a negative relationship. The findings of these analyses indicate that homicide in Recife can be understood by the perspective of social disorganization theory and routine activity theory. Finally, multicriteria approach was applied to highlight vulnerable areas to homicide in Recife. We considered six variables to evaluate vulnerability and the areas were identified by PROMETHEE II method and local Moran’s I. Other application was made in Boa Viagem neighborhood, so we were able to perform a more detailed analysis. Three different approaches were tested for Boa Viagem and we suggested some actions in order to reduce criminality in long term.
No Brasil, desde 2000, aproximadamente 50,000 foram mortas todos os anos. Em um espaço de 30 anos (1980 – 2000), mais de 1 milhão de homicídios foram registrados. Em 2012, a taxa de homicídio no Brasil era 29 homicídios para cada 100,000 habitantes. Todos os estados brasileiros excedem o limite de epidemia estabelecido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de investigar os homicídios em Recife, levando em consideração análises temporal, espacial, ambiental e multicritério. A análise temporal mostra que a diferença de homicídios entre estações do ano e meses não é estatisticamente significativa. Porém, existe um aumento significante de homicídios durante os finais de semana (42 por cento de todos os homicídios) e noites (62 por cento). E ainda, os resultados espaciais mostram que os padrões espaciais são diferentes dento das dimensões temporais em muitos casos. Os achados da análise espacial revelam que homicídios são muito concentrados na cidade do Recife e que em um espaço de tempo de cinco anos (2009-2013) todos os homicídios ocorreram em menos de 10 por cento dos segmentos de rua. E ainda, o teste do padrão dos pontos espaciais mostrou que os padrões espaciais não foram estáveis no decorrer dos anos. Porém, quando se considera das dimensões temporais (como sugerido pela análise temporal), os padrões foram estáveis ao longo dos anos – com exceção de dias de semana e noites/madrugadas. Além disso, através da análise ambiental encontrou-se que desigualdade, casas alugadas e número de residentes têm uma relação positiva com homicídio. Por outro lado, renda, educação, iluminação pública, densidade populacional e densidade da rede de ruas têm uma relação negativa. Os achados dessas análises indicam que os homicídios em Recife podem ser entendidos pela perspectiva da teoria da desorganização social e da teoria das atividades de rotina. Finalmente, abordagem multicritério foi aplicada para destacar áreas vulneráveis aos homicídios em Recife. Considerou-se seis variáveis para avaliar a vulnerabilidade e as áreas foram identificados pelo PROMETHEE II e pelo índice local de Moran. Outra aplicação foi feita no bairro de Boa Viagem e foi possível realizar uma análise mais detalhada. Três diferentes abordagens foram testadas para Boa Viagem e sugeriu-se algumas ações no sentido de reduzir a criminalidade no longo prazo.
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Feriani, Daniela 1983. "Entre pais e filhos : praticas judiciais nos crimes em familia." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/282002.
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Orientador: Guita Grin DebertDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca refletir sobre a violência familiar no âmbito do Direito Penal. Para isso, analisei os processos de homicídio e tentativa de homicídio entre pais e filhos tramitados no Fórum de Campinas no período de 1982 a 2002, além de assistir audiências, julgamentos e realizar entrevistas. O objetivo foi apreender as práticas judiciais, ou seja, os argumentos e as estratégias de advogados, promotores e juízes no julgamento desses crimes. A partir de uma análise comparativa com os crimes entre casais, mostro como pais que matam seus filhos e maridos que matam suas esposas podem ser lidos em um pólo masculino através das noções de autoridade e honra, respectivamente, enquanto que filhos que matam seus pais e esposas que matam seus maridos estariam em um pólo feminino pelas figuras da loucura, de um lado, e da defesa da vida, de outro. Contrariando alguns estudos sobre violência doméstica que explicam as sentenças favoráveis ao réu a partir de uma tentativa, por parte da justiça, de defender a família, mostro como é outra visão sobre as relações familiares que está em jogo: não se trata de preservar ou defender, apesar de ser esta a retórica dos advogados nos processos criminais, mas de expulsar a família do sistema de justiça ao reconhecê-la como um palco de conflitos insolúveis que desafia a capacidade do Direito Penal de reintegrar o crime numa ordem simbólica e de dar-lhe um sentido à luz da distinção entre o bem e o mal. Assim, os crimes entre pais e filhos ora são arremessados para o reino da psiquiatria, ora são devolvidos à família, com a absolvição do réu.
Abstract: This work intends to reflect about the family violence in the Sphere of the Criminal law. In order to do so, I have analyzed murder and murder attempt indictments between parents and children conducted at Campinas Forum in the period from 1982 to 2002, and I have also watched hearings, trials and performed interviews. The goal was to learn the judicial practices, in other words, the reasoning and strategies used by lawyers and judges on the trials of these crimes. Beginning with a comparative analyses with the crimes between couples, I show how parents that murder their children and husbands that murder their lives can be read in a masculine pole through notions of authority and honor, respectively, while the children that murder their parents and wives that murder their husbands would be on a feminine pole through the figure of madness, on one side, and of life defense on the other. Contradicting some studies regarding domestic violence that explain the sentences in favor of the defendant in an attempt by the Justice to defend the family, I show here another view over the family relations at stack: it is not about preserving or defending, despite the fact that this is the rhetoric employed by the lawyers on the criminal processes, but expel the family from the justice system when acknowledging it as a stage for insoluble conflicts that challenge the capability of the criminal justice of reintegrating the crime on a symbolical order and give it a meaning in face of the distinction between the good and evil. Thereby, the crimes between parents and children nevertheless are thrown towards the psychiatry field and other times are given back to the family with the discharge of the defendant.
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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GOMES, Laura Michele Serrão Lima. "Violência homicida e a política de segurança pública no Brasil: um estudo de Marabá." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/6248.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo refletir sobre o crescimento da Violência Homicida em Marabá e a Política de Segurança Pública, a partir de sujeitos que atuam em instituições de segurança pública, assim como, representantes da sociedade civil que atuam na defesa de direitos em Marabá, sudeste do Estado do Pará. Utilizando-se do método da teoria crítica realizou-se um panorama geral do quadro de violência homicida partindo do geral (Brasil) para o particular (Marabá), assim como, um panorama histórico da política de segurança implantada no Brasil do período ditatorial (violência e barbárie) até a pós- democracia, enfatizando os planos, projetos e ações que se efetivaram a partir da década de 90. Além disso, a pesquisa de campo, que enfatiza a fala de sujeitos que atuam na área de segurança pública e/ou em instituições de defesa de direitos no município, possibilitou compreensões acerca da violência homicida e da política de segurança em Marabá. O percurso metodológico utilizado realizou-se por pesquisa qualitativa, norteada por pesquisas bibliográficas, documentais e pesquisa de campo. Para apreender a realidade vivenciada por Marabá realizou-se sete (7) entrevistas, com os sujeitos que atuam na área de segurança e com os sujeitos representantes da sociedade civil que atuam direta ou indiretamente na defesa de direitos da pessoa humana no município. A partir desse estudo infere-se que o processo democrático rompeu com práticas utilizadas no regime ditatorial pelos agentes do Estado, porém até hoje existem práticas cristalizadas de cunho coercitivo, repressivo e punitivo herdados da ditadura.
This dissertation aims to reflect on the growth of Homicidal Violence in Marabá and the Politics of Public Safety, from individuals working in public security institutions, as well as representatives of civil society working in advocacy in Maraba , southeast of Pará State. Using the critical theory held a general overview of the framework of homicidal violence starting from the general (Brazil) to the particular (Marabá), as well as a historical overview of the security policy implemented method the dictatorial period in Brazil (violence and barbarism) to post-democracy, emphasizing the plans, projects and actions that they conducted from the 90s Moreover, field research, which emphasizes the speech of individuals who work in area and / or public institutions in advocacy in the city, security enabled understandings about homicidal violence and security policy in Maraba. The methodological approach used was performed by qualitative research, guided by bibliographic, documentary and field research studies. To grasp the reality experienced by Maraba held seven (7) interviews with the subjects working in the area of security and the subject civil society representatives who work directly or indirectly in advocacy of the human person in the county. From this study it appears that the democratic process has broken with the dictatorial regime practices by agents of the state, but even today there are candied practices coercive, repressive and punitive nature inherited from the dictatorship.
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Prado, Alfredo Marcos do. "Investigação de crimes de homicídio em Curitiba: proposições de ações para o aperfeiçoamento dos procedimentos de investigação com base em técnicas da DHPP de São Paulo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1176.
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A presente pesquisa, valendo-se do método de pesquisa-ação, objetiva propor ações que possam ser implementadas para a melhora na eficácia da investigação de homicídios na cidade de Curitiba, atualmente realizada pela Divisão de Homicídios e Proteção à Pessoa (DHPP-PR). Para tanto se realizou pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo nas divisionais de homicídio de São Paulo e Curitiba. Dissertou-se acerca da relação do Estado, governo e administração pública com a segurança pública; sobre as noções históricas da polícia de segurança, com sua definição. Apresentou-se a taxionomia das diversas polícias atuantes no Brasil. Discorreu-se sobre o conceito de violência e constatou-se seu espraiamento para regiões antes mais seguras. Por fim, verificaram-se as práticas da Departamento Estadual de Homicídios e de Proteção à Pessoa (DHPP-SP) e as melhores ações, comparando-as às práticas da DHPP-PR de Curitiba, apontando os problemas identificados e propondo ações passíveis de solucioná-los.This research, taking advantage of the method of research-action aims to propose actions that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of the investigation of homicides in the city of Curitiba, currently held by Homicide Division and Protection of Persons (DHPP-PR). Held bibliographic and field research in the divisional murder of São Paulo and Curitiba. Disserted on the relationship of the state, government and public administration to public security; on the historical notions of security police with their definition. Presented the taxonomy of the various active security police in Brazil. Discoursed about the concept of violence and found out before its spreading to safer areas. Finally, there were the practices of the State Department of Homicide and Protection of Persons (DHPP-SP) and its best actions, comparing them to the practices of DHPP-PR from Curitiba, pointing out the problems identified and proposing actions that could solve them.
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Ramos, Paulo César. "“Contrariando a estatística” : a tematização dos homicídios pelos jovens negros no Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7102.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Homicides in Brazil have become a major social problem in recent decades. Young black males are the main victims. This paper presents a genealogy of the way black young people have brought the theme of murder and violence against blacks to the national agenda, from spaces of social participation, the black social movement and public youth policies. We conducted about 20 interviews with militants from black movements and other actors related to the topic. We also use data from fieldwork and participant observation, as well as reports, manifests, pamphlets and photographs, in order to understand when and how long these problems have been thematized. We tried to reflect on how the black movement thematicises violence / murder, its limits and potentials, contradictions and innovations in dialogue with social theory about recognition, identity and race relations. It has been possible to identify important moments of the trajectory of black movement, for example: violence as a reason for both performing public acts and for the emergence of organizations, such as the Unified Black Movement (MNU) until the 2000s; violence as the strongest theme of rap lyrics; and, in the last 15 years, violence / homicides against black youth as a central reason for the emergence of black youth as a new category of political action. In this work, gained prominence the Youth Alive Plan (2012-2013), the Working Group Black Youth and Public Policies of the National Youth Council (2008-2010), and The First National Conference of Black Youth (2005-2008) . Among the various ways of categorizing this issue, the term "genocide" draws attention - the was first used by Abdias do Nascimento to denounce racism and it is now widely used by social movements. Among the various forms of organization of young blacks, the claim for leadership of a brand new generation of militants is also emerging, with a set of experiences that allow them to create semantic bridges to act on the institutional sphere and demand public policies against violence.
Os homicídios no Brasil têm se tornado um grande problema social nas últimas décadas. Os jovens negros do sexo masculino são as maiores vítimas. Este trabalho apresenta uma genealogia da tematização dos homicídios e da violência contra a população negra por parte dos próprios jovens negros, a partir de espaços de participação social, no movimento social negro e em políticas públicas de juventude. Realizamos cerca de 20 entrevistas com militantes do movimento negro e com outros atores relacionados ao tema. Utilizamos também dados de trabalho de campo e de observação participante, bem como relatórios, manifestos, fotografias e panfletos, a fim de entender desde quando e como estes problemas têm sido tematizados. Procuramos refletir sobre o modo como o movimento negro tematiza a violência/o homicídio, seus limites e potencialidades, contradições e inovações, em diálogo com a teoria social sobre reconhecimento, identidade e relações raciais. Foi possível resgatar momentos importantes da trajetória do movimento negro, por exemplo: a violência como motivo tanto da realização de atos públicos quanto do surgimento de organizações, desde a criação do Movimento Negro Unificado (MNU) até a década de 2000; a violência como tema mais veemente das letras de rap; e, nos últimos 15 anos, a violência/homicídios contra jovens negros como razão central para o surgimento da juventude negra como nova categoria de ação política. Ganharam destaque neste trabalho o Plano Juventude Viva (de 2012 a 2013), o Grupo de Trabalho Juventude Negra e Políticas Públicas do Conselho Nacional de Juventude (de 2008 a 2010), e o I Encontro Nacional de Juventude Negra (de 2005 a 2008). Entre as várias formas de categorizar este problema, chama a atenção o termo “genocídio” – cuja primazia do uso, para denunciar o racismo, pertence a Abdias do Nascimento –, amplamente utilizado pelos movimentos sociais. Entre as várias formas de organização dos jovens negros, emerge também a reivindicação por protagonismo de uma nova geração de militantes, com um conjunto de experiências que lhes permitiu criar pontes semânticas para agir sobre a esfera institucional e demandar políticas públicas contra a violência.
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D'Agostini, Raquel Alves. "Violência e morte na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, Brasil." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102293.
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Dissertação ( mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Publica.Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T00:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 222333.pdf: 752843 bytes, checksum: 7a62a68270bc0d1a7e2200e15b8be676 (MD5)
Esta dissertação é composta por dois artigos. O primeiro refere-se ao estudo da magnitude e do comportamento temporal da mortalidade por causas externas na região metropolitana de Florianópolis, considerando o conjunto das causas e o período entre 1996 e 2002. O segundo artigo analisa os acidentes de transporte a partir de 1999, ano imediatamente posterior à introdução do novo Código Brasileiro de Trânsito, até 2002 e destaca os cenários típicos relativos a esta mortalidade, na região. Para ambos estudos foram utilizados registros oficiais de mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde. No primeiro estudo foram calculados os coeficientes de mortalidade pelo conjunto de causas externas e por causas específicas, além dos coeficientes dos municípios com maior população pelo conjunto de causas e em decorrência de acidentes de transporte, homicídios e suicídios, nos vários anos que compõem o período estudado. As taxas foram ajustadas com o auxílio do método de padronização direto utilizando a população brasileira de 2002. Houve uma diminuição nos coeficientes desta mortalidade na região, com exceção da taxa de homicídio, que cresceu 103% se comparados os anos de 1996 e 2002. No segundo estudo foram utilizadas três técnicas de análise multivariada: a Análise Fatorial de Correspondência Múltipla (AFCM), a Classificação Hierárquica de Ascendência (CHA) e a Classificação Não Hierárquica de Partição (CNHP), que possibilitaram identificar cinco cenários típicos em relação à mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito na região. A grande proporção de vítimas entre os pedestres e os trabalhadores pouco qualificados sugeriu uma distribuição desigual da mortalidade na população. As causas externas de mortalidade se caracterizam como um dos maiores problemas de saúde coletiva no Brasil. Para prevenir acidentes e violência deveriam ser introduzidas ações públicas intersetoriais que pudessem fazer frente à complexa rede de fatores presentes na determinação desta mortalidade. No setor Saúde, estratégias de prevenção de acidentes poderiam ser incluídas entre as ações de prevenção primária, a exemplo do que vem ocorrendo com as doenças crônico-degenerativas. Num plano mais amplo, inúmeras ações neste sentido deveriam constar nas pautas governamentais relacionadas à garantia da vida, segurança, saúde e bem-estar social.
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Petrini, Luciana Aparecida. "Contraventores pobres e estado: Crimes e julgamentos no periodo do estado novo (1938-45)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12982.
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Previous issue date: 2006-11-08Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
The reader will find a reflection on the practical judgments and the criminal ones effected in the period of the New State (1938-45) aiming at the recognition of the social relations in the context of the modernization of the referring laws to the occurred homicides in the city of São Paulo, one of biggest industrial centers at the time e, where the changes politics lived deeply in the country found its echo more significant. One is about a period where, although the proclaimed governmental politics of protection to the worker, in the practical one if does not take care of to its basic necessities of subsistence was they laborers or not what if it not only verifies for the fight of this segment for improvements of life and better conditions of work in this period, as in the following ones. The processes certify such condition that we analyze for the development of this work, that is, the files of legal documents that deal with the judgment of offenders who had committed crimes of injure person . The period of 1938 the 1945 if places as intermediate between the old Criminal Code and the implantation of the new, that it occurs in 1940, with intention to modernize the system of judgments of homicides. As if it will be able to observe, from 1938 already the debates occurred aiming at the consolidation of the new Code, according to which, will start to gain greater relevance in the judgment the figure of the offender, its partner-economic condition, subordinating themselves, with this approach, the act offender in itself. What it passes to be investigated now is the considered man criminal and not it definite act as crime properly said. Such alteration occurs in the interior of the reform of State promulgated for New State e, as if it vigorous propaganda for State, it had as intention, not only the modernization of the judiciary one, but also to integrate this system to the logic of valuation of the work (and of the worker). What if it observes in analyzed files of legal documents is as the outcome of the judgments finishes for incriminating ones and acquitting others without if it can objectify which the legal criterion that leads to such sentences, not to be its coincidence how much to the defense of the interests of control of the State. It is also proven of these processes, that if deal with crimes passionals committed for poor or needy people and that impunity if only discloses when if deals with the worker of the State, that is, when the involved one is tied with the police force. However, what we want to demonstrate is the relation between these crimes and the repercussions that the change in the 1940 legislation introduced in the logic of its judgment
O leitor encontrará aqui uma reflexão sobre as práticas criminais e os julgamentos efetuados no período do Estado Novo (1938-45), visando ao reconhecimento das relações sociais no contexto da modernização das leis referentes aos crimes de homicídio ocorridos na cidade de São Paulo, um dos maiores centros industriais na época, onde as mudanças políticas vivenciadas no País encontravam seu eco mais significativo. Trata-se de um período em que, apesar da apregoada política governamental de proteção ao trabalhador, na prática não se atendiam às suas necessidades básicas de subsistência, fossem eles operários ou não, o que se verifica pela luta deste segmento por melhorias de vida e melhores condições de trabalho não só neste período como nos seguintes. Atestam tal condição os processos que analisamos para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, ou seja, os Autos que tratam do julgamento de contraventores que cometeram crimes de lesa-pessoa . O período 1938-45 se coloca como intermediário entre a vigência do antigo Código Penal e a implantação do novo, que ocorreu em 1940, com o intuito de modernizar o sistema de julgamentos de homicídios. Como se poderá observar, a partir de 1938 já ocorriam os debates visando à consolidação do novo Código, segundo o qual passaria a ganhar maior relevância no julgamento a figura do contraventor, sua condição socioeconômica, subordinando-se a este enfoque o ato contraventor em si. O que passaria a ser investigado agora era o homem considerado criminoso, e não o ato definido como crime propriamente dito. Tal alteração ocorreu no interior da reforma de Estado promulgada pelo Estado Novo e, segundo se propagandeava, tinha como objetivo não apenas modernizar o judiciário, mas, também, integrar este sistema à lógica de valorização do trabalho (e do trabalhador). O que se observa nos Autos analisados é como o desfecho dos julgamentos acabou por incriminar uns e absolver outros sem que se possa objetivar qual o critério legal que levou a tais sentenças, a não ser sua coincidência quanto à defesa dos interesses de controle do Estado. Destes processos evidencia-se, também, que se trata de crimes passionais cometidos por pessoas pobres ou miseráveis e que a impunidade se revela apenas em relação ao trabalhador do Estado, ou seja, quando o envolvido é vinculado à força policial. Enfatizamos a relação entre estes crimes e as repercussões que a mudança na legislação de 1940 introduziu na lógica de seu julgamento
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Castro, Lisa Biron de Araújo. "Drogas ilícitas e homicídio juvenil: um estudo acerca dos determinantes socioeconômicos da criminalidade no Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1452.
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Entre tiros, drogas, e aspirações sociais e financeiras, vítimas de um sistema social excludente tornam-se homicidas da noite para o dia, engrossando as estatísticas da criminalidade no Brasil. O presente trabalho, calcado na Teoria Econômica do Crime, investiga os principais determinantes socioeconômicos da criminalidade nos estados brasileiros, entre 2001 e 2005, considerando duas principais modalidades: mercado de drogas ilícitas e homicídios entre jovens. Realizando estimações através de dados em painel, a exemplo de estudos nacionais e internacionais, foi observado entre os resultados que aspectos sociais e econômicos exercem influência sobre o comportamento racional do criminoso, especialmente os indicadores de urbanização, educação e desemprego.Trapped between shootings, illicit drugs and hopes of social escalation, the victims of an exclusionary social system become murderers overnight, swelling the criminal statistics in Brazil. This work, inspired by the Economic Theory of Crime, investigates the main social and economic determining factors of crime rates in the states of Brazil between the years of 2001 and 2005, in the two most reoccurring types: the market of illegal drugs and juvenile homicide. In the manner of other Brazilian and foreign studies, Panel Data was used to observe that the social and economical environment significantly influence the criminal behavior specially where urbanization, education and unemployment are concerned
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Pereira, Victor Cosenza dos Santos. "Uma análise das relações entre armas de fogo e homicídios no Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8910.
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Nas últimas três décadas, o Brasil produziu mais de um milhão de mortos por homicídios, alcançando assim a triste posição de 18 país com maior taxa de mortes violentas no mundo (GENEVADECLARATIONON ARMED VIOLENCE AND DEVELOPMENT, 2011). Para solucionar tal problema, diversos esforços privados e públicos foram feitos, tendo sido o Estatuto de Desarmamento um dos esforços de maior destaque. No entanto, apesar de decorridos mais de dez anos após a promulgação desta legislação, a literatura econômica sobre o crime ainda não é unânime acerca dos efeitos das armas de fogo sobre os crimes violentos. Com a intenção de analisar estes efeitos, esta dissertação investiga as diferentes abordagens da Teoria Econômica do Crime e elabora um modelo teórico capaz de respaldar a análise empírica. Esta análise, por sua vez, avalia as relações entre armas de fogo e homicídios por perfuração de arma de fogo no Brasil e no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio de Vetores Auto Regressivos em painel. Dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os efeitos entre armas e homicídios variam de acordo com as heterogeneidades locais, não sendo possível extrapolar os mesmos.Over the last three decades, Brazil produced over one million deaths by homicide.This puts Brazil in a sad position of the 18thcountry with the highest rates of violent deaths in the world (GENEVA DECLARATION ON ARMED VIOLENCE AND DEVELOPMENT, 2011). To solve this problem, many private and public efforts had been made. One effort with major prominence is the Disarmament Statute. Since the promulgation of this legislation over ten years ago,the economic literature about crimeis still not unanimous about the effectsof firearms on violent crimes. To analyze these effects, this dissertationinvestigates thedifferent approachesof the Economic Theory of Crimeand elaborateson a theoretical modelable to supportthe empirical analysis. This analysisevaluatesthe relations between firearms and homicides byfirearm perforationin Brazilandin the Rio Grande do Sul state, usingpanel Vector Autoregressives. It is concluded thatthe effectsbetweenfirearms and homicides varyaccording tolocal heterogeneities, being impossible to extrapolate this results.
Books on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Não matarás: Desenvolvimento, desigualdade e homicídios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: FGV Editora, 2008.
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Soares, Gláucio Ary Dillon. Não matarás: Desenvolvimento, desigualdade e homicídios. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: FGV Editora, 2008.
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Marques, João Benedito de Azevedo, 1939-, ed. História de um massacre: Casa de Detenção de São Paulo. [Brasília, Brazil]: Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, 1993.
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Pietá, Elói. Pavilhão 9: O massacre do Carandiru. [São Paulo, Brazil]: Scritta Editorial, 1993.
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Catão, Yolanda. Mortes violentas: Um panorama dos homicídios no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Departamento de População e Indicadores Sociais, 1999.
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Daniel Ricardo de Castro Cerqueira. Causas e consequências do crime no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: BNDES, 2014.
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Watch/Americas, Human Rights, ed. Final justice: Police and death squad homicides of adolescents in Brazil. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994.
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Cruz, Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da., Batitucci Eduardo Cerqueira, and Fundação João Pinheiro, eds. Homicídios no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil: FGV Editora, 2007.
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Waiselfisz, Júlio Jacobo. Mapa da violência 2012: A cor dos homicídios no Brasil. Brasília: CEBELA, Centro Brasileiro de Estudos Latino-Americanos, 2012.
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Peres, Maria Fernanda Tourinho. Homicídios de crianças e jovens no Brasil: 1980-2002. São Paulo, Brazil]: NEV/USP, Núcleo de Estudos da Violência, Universidade de São Paulo, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Cohn, Samuel. "The Explosion of Crime in the Global South." In All Societies Die, 106–9. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755903.003.0031.
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This chapter studies the explosion of violent crime in the Global South. It begins by looking at statistics on global homicidal rates provided by the World Population Review. Kidnappings are an even greater concern than homicide and it is a particularly severe problem in Mexico. Brazil also has a long history of kidnapping and criminal gangs have been out of control in the country. In 2002, Rio de Janeiro had been shut down by a particularly flashy gang, the Comando Vermelho (Red Command), somewhat on a whim by their leader. Other acts of gang violence have been more purposive. That same year, the army and elite police forces had invaded two slum neighborhoods looking for the killer of Tim Lopes, a reporter for TV Globo who had been surreptitiously filming a gang party in the slums while working on a story about child prostitution. The gang members caught him in the act, gave him a summary trial, and then tortured him to death. Later on, some people would be arrested for the Tim Lopes murder, but the gangs that committed the crime were able to continue their activities without interruption.
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Weichert, Marlon Alberto. "Systematic Recurrence of Murders and Disappearances in Democratic Brazil." In Disappearances in the Post-Transition Era in Latin America, 148–60. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267226.003.0009.
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In the post-transition period, Brazil has experienced extremely high levels of lethal violence, perpetrated by both criminal groups and public security forces, which has primarily targeted poor black youths. Despite this high level of violence in a democracy, state agencies persist in their failure to carry out effective measures to reduce and prevent systematic death and disappearance, and to investigate and prosecute homicides and disappearances that victimise this population. Evidence of summary execution and enforced disappearance, moreover, indicate that the Brazilian state is also responsible for a significant portion of these crimes. In response, public authorities have recently adopted a public discourse of crime prevention that exempts police from being held accountable for killing criminal suspects and even encouraging the murder of those criminal suspects during police operations. This chapter argues that the systematic death and disappearance of these civilian populations may be seen conceptually as a crime against humanity, as defined in the Rome Statute. While prior to 2019 it was possible to argue that the killing of poor black youths constituted a policy of omission, after that year evidence suggests that Brazilian security agents have crossed a threshold into actively committing a systematic crime against humanity against citizens.
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Kagan, Jerome. "Patterns." In Five Constraints on Predicting Behavior. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036528.003.0005.
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This chapter evaluates the suggestion that the constrained validity of conclusions based on a single source of evidence—whether behavior, brain data, or verbal report—implies that patterns of observations might provide statements that have a less constrained validity. Neuroscientists find it helpful to conceive of the brain as a collection of hubs receiving large numbers of inputs from many diverse sites and selecting outputs as a function of the pattern of incoming signals. Different patterns of inputs arriving at different hubs can generate similar outcomes. Most of the outcomes people care about—suicide, homicide, grade point average, anxiety, depression, drug abuse, or well-being—require patterns of conditions that include a person's biology, social class, family, school experiences, and always the cultural setting.
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Conley, Carolyn A. "1674–1753: Strumpets and Wenches." In Debauched, Desperate, Deranged, 8–56. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863038.003.0002.
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Women in Restoration London were actively involved in public life and often blamed for manipulating men to violence. Other than neonaticide which was punished severely under a draconian Statute of 1624, women were most likely to be accused of killing an unrelated adult male in a public brawl. Women convicted of murdering their husbands were burned at the stake for petty treason, though juries often showed sympathy for women who had lashed out during a violent struggle. Women were also charged with the deaths of servants and, in the early period, bailiffs. Women were very rarely accused of killing their own children other than illegitimate newborns. Cases where the accused had clearly been insane were rarely prosecuted. Women tried for homicide were assumed to have made a rational decision to behave in a wicked manner. Though juries were becoming less likely to convict in neonaticide cases by mid-century, most women were held fully accountable for their actions without regard to gender or circumstances.
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Abdelmissih, Sherine. "Perspective Chapter: Neurotoxins and Erythrocytes - A Double-headed Arrow." In Aggression and Violent Behaviour [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108342.
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The prevalence of aggression has become an increasing problem that threatens lives, from suicidal ideation to homicide. Multiple factors contribute to such issue, including genetic, psychological, familial, economic, environmental, dietary habits, endocrine disturbances, psychiatric disorders, and neurological disturbances, making it resistant to control. If key targets can be identified, it might be possible to find a cure. To date, glutamate has been one culprit involved in aggression, instigated by inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species. Monosodium glutamate as well as omega-3 and-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids -components of our modern diet- modulate the inflammatory state, hence, affecting brain and blood glutamate, the latter is an essential neurotransmitter sharing in the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes.Hence, the erythrocytic or blood glutamate assay, along with members of the inflammatory cascade, might be a cost-effective diagnostic and prognostic tool for aggressive behavior, especially feasible for assessing the efficacy of the intervening dietary and/or pharmacological measures to prevent such potentially devastating behavior.
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Uribe Villa, Camila, María Alejandra Arango González, Daniela Arbeláez Suárez, and Lukas Jaramillo Escobar. "Acciones mínimas para evitar homicidios. El caso del Protocolo Nada Justifica el Homicidio." In ¿Cuánto vale la vida? Rentas criminales y homicidios en Colombia y Brasil, 11–45. Editorial EAFIT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/9789587207507ch1.
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Willadino, Raquel, João Felipe Pereira Brito, Aline Maia Nascimento, Lukas Jaramillo Escobar, Camila Uribe Villa, María Alejandra Arango González, and Daniela Arbeláez Suárez. "Las mamás de los asesinados: las horas que no miramos. Un avance de autopsia social del homicidio. Casos comparados de Río de Janeiro y Medellín." In ¿Cuánto vale la vida? Rentas criminales y homicidios en Colombia y Brasil, 83–132. Editorial EAFIT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/9789587207507ch3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Hibbeln, Joseph. "Omega-3 fats as pivotal elements integrating neural, immune and sympathetic nervous systems in aggression, depression and consciousness." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ksaz2558.
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Consciousness emerges from the harmonics of neronal networks in a manner analogous to music emerging from symphony orchestras.  Neurons integrate electrochemical signals as long axons fire in pulsing rhythms like instrument strings. Many brain regions communicate in harmonies or dissonance, like orchestra sections. Critically, both neurons and musical instruments depend on their physical composition to stay in tune. For neurons, essential fatty acid compositions determine membrane biophysics of synapses, axons and immune responses, thus dietary fats can either optimize or degrade neuronal harmonics and thus emotional experiences. New experiences cannot be learned without the growth of new synaptic connections and rhythms encoded by Hebbian conditioning.  Inadequate seafood consumption, the primary source of omega-3 fats, is associated with 30 and 50-fold increased risks for major depression and homicide deaths in cross- national epidemiology. Multiple randomized controlled trials report large clinical effects of omega-3 fats in reducing aggression and depression in meta-analyses. Harmful aggressive and depressive behaviors in part result from excessive immunological, stress axis and sympathetic nervous systems responses to provocations. Omega-3 fats downregulate, or detune, these excessive immune and sympathetic nervous system responses to stresses, also contributing to cardiovascular disease protection. Modern diets have excessive omega-6 fats. Restoration of neurons, immune and neuroendocrine systems with omega-3 fats is analogous to restoring musical instruments to play beautiful and healthy emotional music once again. This presentation will include experiences reducing aggression and depression in clinical practice which is the critical test to see if epidemiological, mechanistic and randomized control trial data can actually be translated into practical real-world applications.
Reports on the topic "Homicide – Brazil"
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Rodrigues Gomes, Camila. Crime and Government Expenditure in Brazil: Estimating the Impact of Government Security Spending on Homicide Rates. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001365.
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