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Journal articles on the topic 'Homicide Australia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Carcach, Carlos, Robert Goldney, Peter Grabosky, and Heather Strang. "Temporal Clustering of Child Homicide: Contagion or Illusion?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 2 (August 2001): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400206.

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Data available on the characteristics of all Australian homicides over ten years since mid 1989 provide an opportunity to investigate whether child homicide is subject to temporal clustering. If this were found to be the case, then contagion resulting from media publicity might be a possible explanation. This follows from studies indicating some influence from media publicity given to suicides. No temporal clustering could be detected and results indicate that any given child homicide in Australia has no effect on the subsequent rate of child homicides. The study suggests that caution is needed before assuming that proximate events are necessarily related. It remains a possibility that child homicide may be the product of contagion over a longer time frame, as a consequence of intense media publicity given to high profile events. The media should respect community sensibilities in reporting such events and avoid sensational coverage in an ethical and balanced way.

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2

Ferguson, Claire, and Amber McKinley. "Detection avoidance and mis/unclassified, unsolved homicides in Australia." Journal of Criminal Psychology 10, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-09-2019-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to begin to explore whether and how the use of detection avoidance (DA) by offenders leads to a so called “dark figure” of unsolved homicides that have been mis/unclassified. Design/methodology/approach Australian Coronial data and inquest findings are used to examine how DA impacts on determining homicide, and cases remaining unsolved. Findings Results show DA behaviours perpetrated by offenders may be catalysed by other challenges, and may lead to homicides being mis/unclassified and unsolved. Findings indicate there is a small dark figure of mis/unclassified homicides which eventually become known and investigated as homicides in Australia. The number of unsolved homicides may be greater than official data reveals, due to some cases remaining mis/unclassified. Research limitations/implications Results are likely to underestimate the prevalence of mis/unclassified homicides due to the invisibility of cases and the difficulty establishing rules to include suspected but unproven homicides. The variable nature and impact of DA behaviours also limits results, along with jurisdictional differences in Coronial data. Practical implications This discussion explains DA behaviours impact on determining and investigating homicide and the necessity of future research. Originality/value Mis/unclassified homicides as unsolved homicides have not been discussed previously. This discussion is the first to conceptualise mis/unclassified homicides as a dark figure of unsolved cases, and the first to attempt to gauge the problem.

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3

Wilson, Margo, and Martin Daly. "Spousal Homicide Risk and Estrangement." Violence and Victims 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.1.3.

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Frequencies of homicide victimization of wives and husbands, while cohabiting and when separated, are reported for all spousal homicides known to the police in Canada (1974-1990), in New South Wales, Australia (1968-1986), and in Chicago (1965-1990). In all three data sets, the degree to which spousal homicide victimization was female-biased was significantly greater when the couple were estranged than when they were coresiding. Victim counts and population-at-large estimates of coresiding and separated nowmarried spouses were combined to estimate differential homicide rates incurred by coresiding and estranged married persons. Wives in all three countries incurred substantially elevated risk when separated as compared to when coresiding.

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4

Ferguson, Claire, and Kamarah Pooley. "Comparing Solved and Unsolved No-Body Homicides in Australia: An Exploratory Analysis." Homicide Studies 23, no. 4 (May 27, 2019): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767919852381.

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Factors that are both within and outside of police discretion can pose challenges to solving homicides generally. There has been little study of no-body homicides, nor why some remain unresolved. This analysis compares solved and unsolved no-body homicides in Australia using Pearson’s chi-square tests of independence. Coroners’ findings, case law, and media reports from 1983 to 2017 were examined. Cases ( N = 55; 42.4% solved) differed based on the victim’s age, who reported them missing, reward money, Coronial inquests, who determined homicide, availability of evidence and confessions, suspects lying, establishing crime scenes, and motivations.

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5

Broadhurst, Roderic, Ross Maller, Max Maller, and Brigitte Bouhours. "The recidivism of homicide offenders in Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 51, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865817722393.

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Popular perceptions about the recidivism of homicide offenders are contradictory, varying from one extreme – that such offenders rarely commit further violent offences – to the opposite, where it is thought that they remain at a high risk of serious reoffending. The present study draws on the records of 1088 persons arrested in Western Australia over the period 1984–2005 for domestic murders and other types of homicides (robbery and sexual murder), including attempted murder, conspiracy to murder, manslaughter (unintentional homicide) and driving causing death. Our database provides up to 22 years follow-up time (for those arrested in 1984) and accounts critically for the first and any subsequent arrests, if they occur. Of the 1088 persons, only 3 were subsequently arrested and charged with a homicide offence event in the follow-up period. Among those arrested for a murder and subsequently released, we estimate a probability of 0.66 (accounting for censoring) of being rearrested for another offence of any type. The corresponding probabilities for those originally arrested for manslaughter or for driving causing death were equal, at 0.43. A dynamic analysis of the longitudinal data by survival analysis techniques is used to reliably estimate these probabilities. Having a prior record increased the risk of re-arrest; for example male non-Aboriginals arrested for murder with at least one prior arrest have an estimated probability of 0.72 of being rearrested for another offence of any type. Their estimated probability of being rearrested for another serious offence was 0.33. These findings should be of interest to courts and correctional agencies in assessing risk at various stages of the administration of criminal justice.

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6

Milroy, C. M., Magdalene Dratsas, and D. L. Ranson. "Homicide-Suicide in Victoria, Australia." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 18, no. 4 (December 1997): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199712000-00011.

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7

Easteal, Patricia Weiser. "Homicide Between Adult Sexual Intimates: A Research Agenda." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 26, no. 1 (March 1993): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589302600103.

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Although overseas research on homicide between intimates has been substantial, application of the findings to Australia may be problematic for two reasons. First, critical evaluation of their methods indicates possible difficulties in generalisability due to definitional, semantic, and theoretical variation. Secondly, the findings of the few studies in Australia do not necessarily conform to the patterns and experiences of this homicide type overseas. Australian analysis also provides insight into concerns which may be unique to this country and merit further investigation at a national level. These include a disproportionately high rate among Aboriginals, a similar high rate among immigrant groups, and frequency of victim precipitation in killings of husbands.

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8

Kraya, Niazi, and Krishna Pillai. "Mentally Abnormal Homicide in Western Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 9, no. 2 (June 2001): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2001.00324.x.

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9

McPhedran, Samara, Li Eriksson, Paul Mazerolle, Diego De Leo, Holly Johnson, and Richard Wortley. "Characteristics of Homicide-Suicide in Australia: A Comparison With Homicide-Only and Suicide-Only Cases." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 11 (December 8, 2015): 1805–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515619172.

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Homicide-suicide represents one of the rarest forms of lethal violence but often precipitates calls to revise social, health, and justice policies. However, there is little empirical information about this type of violence. The current study uses two unique data sets to examine a wide range of individual and situational characteristics of homicide-suicide, with particular emphasis on establishing whether and how homicide-suicide differs from homicide-only and suicide-only. Findings suggest homicide-suicide may have unique characteristics that set it apart from both homicide-only and suicide-only, as well as sharing certain other characteristics with those two types of events.

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10

Brookman, Fiona. "Confrontational and Revenge Homicides Among Men in England and Wales." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 1 (April 2003): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.1.34.

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This article examines the nature of two predominant forms of masculine (male-on-male) homicide identified in England and Wales — “confrontational” homicide and “revenge” homicide. Based on analysis of police murder investigation files, the article explores the distinct nature of these two forms of masculine homicide as well as some important shared characteristics.The findings are compared with previous research in this area, not least the work of Polk regarding masculine homicide in Australia (1994a, 1994b, 1995, 1999) which is particularly significant in this context. As well as exploring the literature regarding masculine homicide, the article considers the extent to which the identification of specific forms of masculine homicide can inform theoretical exploration of the role of gender in lethal violence.

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11

Lester, David. "Exploration of a Durkheimian Theory of Suicide and Homicide in Australia and New Zealand." Medicine, Science and the Law 38, no. 2 (April 1998): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249803800216.

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A time-series study of suicide and homicide rates in Australia and New Zealand from 1950–85 provided limited support for Durkheim's theory of suicide and no support for Henry and Short's theory of the relationship between suicide and homicide. The need for rival theories is discussed.

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12

Fitz-Gibbon, K., and S. Pickering. "Homicide Law Reform in Victoria, Australia: From Provocation to Defensive Homicide and Beyond." British Journal of Criminology 52, no. 1 (July 20, 2011): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr060.

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13

Milroy, C. M., and D. L. Ranson. "Homicide Trends in the State of Victoria, Australia." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 18, no. 3 (September 1997): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-199709000-00011.

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14

McPhedran, Samara. "An Evaluation of the Impacts of Changing Firearms Legislation on Australian Female Firearm Homicide Victimization Rates." Violence Against Women 24, no. 7 (September 11, 2017): 798–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217724450.

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Reducing lethal violence against women requires comprehensive measures addressing individual, social, economic, cultural, and situational factors. Regarding situational factors, access to weapons—and firearm access in particular—has received notable research attention. However, most study comes from the United States of America, and findings may not apply elsewhere. The current study examines whether changing gun laws in Australia affected female firearm homicide victimization. Female firearm homicide victimization may have been affected; however, no significant impacts were found for male firearm homicide victimization. Findings suggest there may be value in preventing legal access to firearms by persons who have a history of intimate partner violence, although considerable further study is required.

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15

Finnane, Mark. "Settler Justice and Aboriginal Homicide in Late Colonial Australia." Australian Historical Studies 42, no. 2 (June 2011): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2011.560610.

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16

Nielssen, Olav, and Matthew M. Large. "Homicide in Psychiatric Hospitals in Australia and New Zealand." Psychiatric Services 63, no. 5 (May 2012): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100290.

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17

P. Brown, Robert. "A Lesser Species of Homicide. Death, Drivers and the Law." Law in Context. A Socio-legal Journal 37, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v37i1.135.

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Book Review: Kerry King. 2020. A Lesser Species of Homicide. Death, Drivers and the Law. (1st ed), Perth: University of Western Australia Publishing, ISBN: 978-1-76080-002-4 2020, 464pp.

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18

Finnane, Mark, and Andy Kaladelfos. "Race and Justice in an Australian Court: Prosecuting Homicide in Western Australia, 1830–1954." Australian Historical Studies 47, no. 3 (August 31, 2016): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2016.1194442.

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19

Waters, Emily, Christine Bond, and Li Eriksson. "Examining the Accuracy of Print Media Representations of Homicide in Australia." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 29, no. 2 (November 2017): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2017.12036092.

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20

Kaladelfos, Amanda. "The dark side of the family: paternal child homicide in Australia." Journal of Australian Studies 37, no. 3 (September 2013): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443058.2013.813574.

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21

Large, Matthew M. "Homicide and rates of renal transplantation in the United States and Australia." Medical Journal of Australia 190, no. 6 (March 2009): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02432.x.

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22

Crofts, Thomas. "Two Degrees of Murder: Homicide Law Reform in England and Western Australia." Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal 8, no. 2 (December 2008): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2008.11421496.

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23

Lemieux, Frederic, Samantha Bricknell, and Tim Prenzler. "Mass shootings in Australia and the United States, 1981-2013." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-05-2015-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the incidence and main characteristics of mass shooting events in Australia and the USA in the period 1981-2013. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted a conservative definition of mass shootings derived from the US Federal Bureau of Investigation, covering four or more fatalities not including the offender. Australian cases were accessed from the Australian Institute of Criminology’s National Homicide Monitoring Programme (NHMP) database and several secondary sources. The US data were collected from the Mother Jones database, a report prepared for Mayors Against Illegal Guns and a New York Police Department report. The time series data were related to changes in firearms regulations in the two jurisdictions. Findings – For Australia, the study identified 13 mass shooting events and 104 fatalities from gunshot wounds. For the USA, there were 73 events and 576 victims. Of note is the fact that all cases in Australia pre-dated the implementation of the restrictive 1996 National Firearms Agreement. In the USA, a small decline was evident during the 1994-2004 Federal Assault Weapon Ban. Incidents and fatalities increased after 2004. Research limitations/implications – Of necessity, the paper adopts a conservative FBI-based definition of mass shootings that limits the number of cases captured. The absence of an official government US database also most likely limits the number of cases identified. Practical implications – The findings lend support to policy considerations regarding regulating access to firearms. Originality/value – The paper is unique in comparing mass shootings in these two jurisdictions over three decades in association with changes in firearms regulation.

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24

Kirkwood, Deborah. "Female Perpetrated Homicide in Victoria Between 1985 and 1995." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 2 (August 2003): 152–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.2.152.

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This article presents findings of research on women who kill. All cases in which a woman was investigated by police as a perpetrator in a homicide in Victoria,Australia,between 1985 and 1995 were examined.The aim was to investigate the range of circumstances in which women kill. Seventy-seven cases were identified.The primary source of data was the Victorian Coroner 's office.Initially it was expected that most women would have killed a partner as a result of the experience of long-term violence. However,the findings of the study show that the situation with respect to women and those they kill is more complex.Three primary relationship categories were identified:women who kill their partners,women who kill their children and women who kill non-intimates.The third category primar- ily involved women who killed friends and acquaintances.This paper will argue that the homicide literature fails to provide a conceptual framework for understanding women who kill and hence contributes to the cultural stigmatising of violent women as “mad” or “bad”.

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25

Saroca, Cleonicki. "The Absent and Silenced Voice in Media Representations of FilipinaVictims of Homicide in Australia." South East Asia Research 21, no. 3 (September 2013): 517–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/sear.2013.0161.

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26

Sheehy, Elizabeth, Julie Stubbs, and Julia Tolmie. "Battered women charged with homicide in Australia, Canada and New Zealand: How do they fare?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 45, no. 3 (December 2012): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865812456855.

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27

RAMSTEDT, MATS. "Population drinking and homicide in Australia: A time series analysis of the period 1950-2003." Drug and Alcohol Review 30, no. 5 (September 2011): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00322.x.

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28

Komazec, Stephanie, and Clare Farmer. "Family violence homicide in Australia: the effect of victim/offender gender on social media commentary." Journal of Gender Studies 30, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1754177.

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29

Brown, Penelope. "Impact of gun law reforms on rates of homicide, suicide and mass shootings in Australia." Evidence Based Mental Health 20, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/eb-2016-102555.

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30

Darke, Shane, and Johan Duflou. "Toxicology and Circumstances of Death of Homicide Victims in New South Wales, Australia 1996–2005." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53, no. 2 (March 2008): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00679.x.

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31

Dudley, Michael, Chris Cantor, and Greg de Moore. "Jumping the Gun: Firearms and the Mental Health of Australians." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (June 1996): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065001.

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Objectives: The aims of this study were to (i) survey mental health-related correlates of firearms ownership and availability in Australia, and (ii) assess possible causal relationships between civilian gun deaths, gun availability and mental disorders. Method: Available data regarding firearms ownership, injuries and deaths were reviewed as well as studies of (i) gun ownership, suicide and homicide, and (ii) gun control laws and suicide. Results: Findings indicated that 85% of firearm deaths are triggered by distress, as opposed to crime. Most firearm homicides are intrafamilial or involve familiar persons. Firearm suicide rates, athough tapering off in recent years, continue to rise among certain groups. It was also found that: (1) Beyond reasonable doubt, a causal relationship exists between gun ownership and firearm suicides and homicides. The role of method substitution is controversial, but is probably less important among the young. (2) Outside the United States, legislation may be useful in reducing firearm and possibly overall suicide rates. (3) If firearm owners are representative of the community, then 15–20% suffer from a psychiatric disorder at any time. While a modest increase in risk of firearms misuse exists for this group, especially those with a history of substance abuse or violence, concern also arises regarding those with mental disorders who access firearms because owners have not secured them. No uniform definition or way of verifying self-reports exists for gun licence applicants regarding these issues. Conclusions: Further regulation of firearm safety and availability is warranted. Public health measures include improved surveillance regarding firearm events, advocacy for appropriate firearm legislation, and better education and communication about firearms.

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32

Saroca, Nicki. "Woman in Danger or Dangerous Woman? Contesting Images of Filipina Victims of Domestic Homicide in Australia." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 12, no. 3 (January 2006): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2006.11666012.

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33

Frederick, John, Chris Goddard, and Jennie Oxley. "What is the ‘dark figure’ of child homicide and how can it be addressed in Australia?" International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 20, no. 3 (September 24, 2012): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2012.724691.

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34

Machlin, Anna, Jane Pirkis, and Matthew J. Spittal. "Which Suicides Are Reported in the Media – and What Makes Them “Newsworthy”?" Crisis 34, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000177.

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Background: Media reporting of suicide has attracted public health attention because of its potential to trigger “copycat” acts. Aims: To determine the factors associated with an individual suicide featuring in the media. Method: We identified from the National Coroners Information System (NCIS) all suicides that occurred in Australia over a 1-year period and established those that were reported in the Australian media using data from our earlier Media Monitoring Project. Available variables were used to examine factors associated with a suicide being reported in the media. Results: Of the 2,161 suicides, 29 were reported in the media. Suicides by younger individuals were particularly likely to be reported, as were suicides by gunshot and other violent methods, suicides in commercial areas (e.g., office buildings and hotels) and medical/residential facilities and other institutions (e.g., detention centers), and suicides that occurred in the context of multiple fatality events (e.g., homicide-suicides and suicide pacts). Conclusions: Striking the right balance in terms of media reporting of suicide is crucial. The current study suggests that the reported suicides tend to be those that may either heighten the risk of lethal imitative behaviors or serve to distort public perceptions about suicide.

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35

Farrington, David P. "Homicide in Eight Countries From 1980 to 2000: The Flow From Crimes Committed to Time Served in Prison." Homicide Studies 24, no. 3 (May 23, 2020): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767920916914.

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This article summarizes national data on completed homicides for eight countries in three time periods: around 1980, 1990, and 2000. The eight countries are England/Wales, the United States, Sweden, Australia, Scotland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Canada. In each year, the article presents the number of police-recorded crimes, the number of persons convicted, the number of offenders sent to custody, average sentence length, average time served, and all linking probabilities. It also shows changes in all these measures between 1980, 1990, and 2000 in different countries. It would be desirable to carry out longitudinal research, tracking offenders through the criminal justice system.

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McPhedran, Samara, Jeanine Baker, and Pooja Singh. "Firearm Homicide in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand: What Can We Learn From Long-Term International Comparisons?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260510362893.

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37

Byard, Roger W. "Deaths associated with wheelchairs." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420988224.

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As lethal events associated with wheelchair use are poorly reported in the literature, a search was undertaken of the Forensic Science South Australia (FSSA), Australia, autopsy database over a 20-year period for all cases where individuals who were wheelchair bound were found dead either in or beside their chairs. There were 16 cases, ranging in age from 30 to 92 years ( M = 58.6 years) and with a male-to-female ratio of 9:7. There were six accidents that involved burns, asphyxia, a fall and impact with a vehicle; three suicides that involved drowning and asphyxia; a single homicide involving drowning; a single undetermined case; and five cases due to medical conditions such as cerebral palsy with choking, ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary thromboembolism. Individuals who use wheelchairs may die from a wide variety of both unnatural and natural causes. Wheelchair users may be predisposed to specific types of accidents because of significant underlying physical impairment or serious diseases that may limit their ability either to move away from danger or to perform self-rescues. Morbidity and mortality associated with underlying medical conditions may be contributed to by the structure, stability and motility of wheelchairs.

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38

Brown, Mark, and Kenneth Polk. "Taking Fear of Crime Seriously: The Tasmanian Approach to Community Crime Prevention." Crime & Delinquency 42, no. 3 (July 1996): 398–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128796042003004.

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Despite having little serious crime in the form of homicide or sexual assault, the state of Tasmania in Australia has enough crime in terms of assault, burglary, and public order offenses to generate a reasonably high level of fear of crime. The Tasmanian government has embarked upon a novel attempt to address simultaneously both crime and fear of crime through a strategy of crime prevention that focuses on a combination of restorative justice and community enhancement. This positive, developmental approach to crime prevention is fundamentally integrative and stands in sharp contrast to the punishment-oriented policies currently popular in many American jurisdictions. Unlike the Tasmanian proposals, approaches such as “three strikes and you're out” leave the fear of crime problem unresolved, leading to a continuous upward spiral of punitiveness.

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Gliksman, Michael, and Jack Chen. "Changes in the Juvenile Crime Incidence Rate by Gender in New South Wales, Australia, 1991/2 to 1996/7." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400307.

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The rates of appearance by boys and girls on several categories of charges before the Children's Courts in New South Wales, the most populous state in the Australian Federation, was calculated between the years 1991/2 to 1996/7, inclusive. The results show that the rate of assaults including serious assaults, robbery and extortion and drug offences allegedly committed by young people, rose during this period. The rate of increase in all these categories was greater among girls than among boys. The rates of the alleged committal of homicide and sexual assaults showed no significant change over the years 1991/2 to 1996/7 inclusive, among both boys and girls. Although the rate of alleged criminal activity by boys remains well above that of girls in all categories during this period, girls are “catching up” to boys in the alleged committal of crimes of violence and other crimes against the person.

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40

Clarkson, Rose, Michaela Eichinger, and Rajan Darjee. "Multiple perpetrator sexual homicide in Australia and New Zealand: An exploratory study of groups, victims, offenders and offences." Journal of Criminal Justice 71 (November 2020): 101726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2020.101726.

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41

Braun, Kerstin. "“Till Death Us Do Part”: Homicide Defenses for Women in Abusive Relationships—Similar Problems—Different Responses in Germany and Australia." Violence Against Women 23, no. 10 (August 24, 2016): 1177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216656832.

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42

Bryan, Ian, and Peter Rowe. "The Role of Evidence in War Crimes Trials: the Common Law and the Yugoslav Tribunal." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2 (December 1999): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000477.

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With the passing into law of the War Crimes Act of 1991, the United Kingdom joined common law states such as Canada and Australia in conferring upon its domestic courts jurisdiction to try individuals suspected of having committed war crimes in Europe during the Second World War. Under the 1991 Act, proceedings for murder, manslaughter or culpable homicide may be brought, with the consent of the Attorney-General, against any person who, on 8 March 1990 or later, became a British citizen or resident in the United Kingdom, providing that the offence charged is alleged to have been committed between 1 September 1939 and 4 June 1945 in a place which was, at the material time, part of Germany or under German occupation. The Act further provides that the offence charged must have constituted a violation of the laws and customs of war under international law at the time it was committed. In addition, the Act stipulates that the nationality of the alleged offender at the time the alleged offence was committed is immaterial.

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Mavroforou and Michalodimitrakis. "Euthanasia in Greece, Hippocrates' birthplace." European Journal of Health Law 8, no. 2 (2001): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718090120523475.

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AbstractEuthanasia is a controversial issue that has attracted heated debate over the last two decades. Cultural, traditional and religious considerations contribute in the forming of individual and social attitudes. Active, voluntary euthanasia is not legally accepted except in Netherlands and Australia. However even in these countries several ethical and legal issues have emerged from the application of euthanasia. In fact medical physicians stand in the frontline of the debate as they are those who should decide to act or not to act when euthanasia is requested by a patient. In Greece the vast majority of people are against euthanasia as a result of tradition and religion The influence of the Hippocratic philosophy and the humanistic teaching of the Christian Orthodox Church have made that doctors and people look at the issue of euthanasia with aversion. In addition, the law considers any such action as homicide and therefore as punishable.However, in Greece as in any democratic country, individual variations exist and the issue attracts increasing debate. This article aims to discuss the legal ramifications of euthanasia within the context of the Greek legal order and to present the religious and ethical considerations that influence the social attitude concerning to euthanasia in Greece.

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Kliewer, Erich V. "Homicide victims among Australian immigrants." Australian Journal of Public Health 18, no. 3 (February 12, 2010): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1994.tb00249.x.

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Myall, Michelle, Alison Rowsell, Susi Lund, Joanne Turnbull, Mick Arber, Robert Crouch, Helen Pocock, Charles Deakin, and Alison Richardson. "Death and dying in prehospital care: what are the experiences and issues for prehospital practitioners, families and bystanders? A scoping review." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e036925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036925.

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ObjectiveTo identify the factors that shape and characterise experiences of prehospital practitioners (PHPs), families and bystanders in the context of death and dying outside of the hospital environment where PHPs respond.DesignA scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework. Papers were analysed using thematic analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL; Scopus; Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science), ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I (Proquest), Health Technology Assessment database; PsycINFO; Grey Literature Report and PapersFirst were searched from January 2000 to May 2019.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesQualitative and mixed methods studies reporting the experiences of PHPs, families and bystanders of death and dying in prehospital settings as a result of natural causes, trauma, suicide and homicide, >18 years of age, in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.ResultsSearches identified 15 352 papers of which 51 met the inclusion criteria. The review found substantial evidence of PHP experiences, except call handlers, and papers reporting family and bystander experiences were limited. PHP work was varied and complex, while confident in clinical work, they felt less equipped to deal with the emotion work, especially with an increasing role in palliative and end-of-life care. Families and bystanders reported generally positive experiences but their support needs were rarely explored.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge this is the first review that explores the experiences of PHPs, families and bystanders. An important outcome is identifying current gaps in knowledge where further empirical research is needed. The paucity of evidence suggested by this review on call handlers, families and bystanders presents opportunities to investigate their experiences in greater depth. Further research to address the current knowledge gaps will be important to inform future policy and practice.

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Johnson, Holly, Li Eriksson, Paul Mazerolle, and Richard Wortley. "Intimate Femicide: The Role of Coercive Control." Feminist Criminology 14, no. 1 (April 7, 2017): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085117701574.

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Severe and escalating violence is cited as a precursor to intimate partner homicide and figures prominently in risk assessments and domestic violence death reviews. Drawing on interviews from the Australian Homicide Project with a sample of men convicted of killing intimate partners, we examine the backgrounds of perpetrators and the contexts in which the killings occurred and find that fully half report no physical or sexual assaults against their partners in the year prior to the homicide. These results raise important questions about assessments of risk and the typification of the “battered woman” on which many policy responses rely.

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McPhedran, Samara, and Jeanine Baker. "Australian homicide: no significant impact of gun laws." Medicine, Science and the Law 48, no. 3 (July 2008): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.48.3.270.

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Goldney, Robert D. "A South Australian Coronial Inquiry Into Suicide and Homicide." Australasian Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (June 2000): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2000.00250.x.

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Uibu, Katri. "How Australian online news frames domestic violence homicides." Australian Journalism Review 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00022_7.

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This article investigates how Australian online news covers domestic violence and its homicides by examining the content of 2324 domestic violence articles published online between 2014 and 2016 by ABC News Digital, The Sydney Morning Herald and news.com.au. While content analysis is used to examine the messages in the articles, twelve interviews with reporters and editors were conducted to investigate decision-making behind the coverage. Results show Australian online news coverage is murder-oriented, with reporters and editors regarding such reporting as most effective in growing readership and influencing audiences, therefore deliberately producing coverage that risks being sensational. The article investigates how these media navigate the speed and accuracy balance when covering domestic violence that, as studies indicate, emerges as homicides and breaking news.

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Tyson, Danielle, Deborah Kirkwood, and Mandy Mckenzie. "Family Violence in Domestic Homicides." Violence Against Women 23, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 559–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216647796.

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This article examines the impact of legislative reforms enacted in 2005 in Victoria, Australia, on legal responses to women charged with murder for killing their intimate partner. The reforms provided for a broader understanding of the context of family violence to be considered in such cases, but we found little evidence of this in practice. This is partly attributable to persistent misconceptions among the legal profession about family violence and why women may believe it necessary to kill a partner. We recommend specialized training for legal professionals and increased use of family violence evidence to help ensure women’s claims of self-defense receive appropriate responses from Victorian courts.

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