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1

Juery, Caroline. "Expression et régulation épigénétique des gènes homéologues chez le blé tendre." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC037.

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De nombreuses espèces de plantes sont polyploïdes, c’est-à-dire qu’elles possèdent plusieurs sous-génomes au sein du noyau de leurs cellules. La polyploïdie s’accompagne d’une redondance génétique qui offre un potentiel d’innovations évolutives important par un relâchement de la pression de sélection autorisant sous-fonctionnalisation, néo-fonctionnalisation, perte de gènes. Le blé tendre est une espèce polyploïde récente, apparue suite à deux hybridations interspécifiques (800 000 et 10 000 ans). Il possède un génome hexaploïde composé de trois sous-génomes : AABBDD et théoriquement, il possède trois copies homéologues de chaque gène (1A:1B:1D). Cependant, les analyses génomiques ont révélées que la moitié des séquences codantes présentaient un nombre de copie de type NA:NB:ND. Comment évolue cette redondance génétique après la polyploïdisation chez le blé tendre? Peut-on observer des différences d’expression des copies de gènes témoignant d’une évolution fonctionnelle pour cette espèce formée très récemment? Quels sont les mécanismes sous-jacents ? L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’analyser les expressions relatives des copies de gènes homéologues pour des groupes présentant trois (1 :1 :1, triades), deux (0:1:1, 1:0:1 ou 1:1:0, dyades) ou quatre copies (2:1:1, 1:2:1 ou 1:1:2, tétrades). Nous avons également relié les résultats aux caractéristiques structurales (position génomique), évolutives (présence ou absence des copies chez les espèces ancêtres) et épigénétiques (marques histones) des gènes pour répondre aux questions de recherche. Nous avons utilisé les données de RNA-seq et de ChIP-seq mises à disposition lors de la publication dela séquence génomique de référence du blé tendre (IWGSC 2018). Nous avons mis en évidence que les 51,1% de gènes en triades présentent en majorité (81%) une expression équilibrée sur l’ensemble des tissus et au cours du développement (expression élevée et constitutive). Ces gènes sont majoritairement associés la marque épigénétique d’activation de l’expression : H3K9ac. A contrario, les gènes en dyades (11,7% des gènes) et en tétrades (2,8% des gènes) présentent plus fréquemment des biais d’expression (36% et 75,4% respectivement). Ces gènes sont plus associés à la marque épigénétique liée à la répression ciblée et transitoire des séquences (H3K27me3). En revanche, aucune dominance d’expression n’a été décelée à l’échelle du génome entier. Ceci met en évidence de potentielles sous-fonctionnalisations des gènes, plus fréquentes pour des gènes différents des triades, présents dans les régions distales des chromosomes. Même si les biais d’expression correspondent à des différences déjà existantes chez les espèces ancêtres, nous avons cependant distingué des traits d’expression correspondant aux différentes étapes de l’histoire évolutive du blé : les copies du sous-génome D sont moins réprimées et moins associées à la marque H3K27me3 ; les biais d’expression entre les copies AABB sont plus prononcés. Ainsi, la coévolution des deux sous-génomes AABB pendant 800 000 ans est décelable alors que le sous-génome D semble encore s’exprimer de façon autonome. Ces résultats suggèrent que ce génome comprend des gènes très contraints évolutivement qui constitueraient le « core » génome de l’espèce avec des fonctions de bases conservées (gènes en triades) et des gènes présentant des variations du nombre de copies, des régulations différentielles et des fonctions spécifiques témoignant de possibles innovations évolutives, appartenant probablement au génome dit « dispensable » (dyades et tétrades)
Within the plant kingdom, a lot of species are polyploids, meaning that they present two or more sub-genomes in the nucleus of their cells. Polyploidy confers genetic redundancy that offers a high potential of innovations and adaptations by relaxing natural selection on genic sequences. This allows faster sub and neo-functionalization of genes but also a loss of sequences that might be stochastic or not between the sub-genomes. Bread wheat is a recent polyploidy species that derived from two interspecific hybridizations that occurred 800 000 and 10 000 years ago. The genome of this species contains three sub-genomes: AABBDD and in theory three copies of each gene (1A:1B:1D). However, genomic analysis of the genome sequences reveals that half of the genes present copy number variations (NA:NB:ND). Within this scientific context, we wanted to answer questions such as: How this genetic redundancy evaluates after the polyploïdisation process? Is-it possible to observe differences in terms of gene expression that could correspond to functional evolution for this recently formed species? Which mechanisms could explain those processes? The objective of this PhD was to analyses relative expressions of homoeologous genes of bread wheat for groups presenting one copy on each sub-genomes (1 :1 :1, triades) and groups presenting a copy number variation with a loss (0:1:1, 1:0:1 ou 1:1:0), dyads or a duplication (2:1:1, 1:2:1 ou 1:1:2, tetrads) of sequences. We linked this analysis to genomic characteristics such as chromosome structure (genomic position of genes for exemple), evolution (presence or absence of lost and duplicated copies within diploid genomes of the progenitor species) and epigenetics (histone modifications). We used RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data released at the same time as the publication of the genomic reference sequence of bread wheat (IWGSC 2018). We highlight that the 51,1% of triads genes present mostly (81%) a balanced expression across the 15 tissues and developmental stages analyzed (high and constitutive expression) Those genes are mainly associated with the H3K9ac histone mark that is linked to an active transcription of genes. At the opposite, dyad genes (11,7% of High Confidence wheat genes) and tetrad genes (2,8%) present more frequently unbalanced expression patterns (36% and 74,5% respectively). Those genes are more associated with the histone mark H3K27me3 defining facultative heterochromatin and that target genes with transient expression. No dominance of one sub-genome on the others was discovered at the whole genome scale but rather stochastic suppression of genes copies. These results reveals potential sub-functionalization of genes, more frequent for copies present I the distal regions of chromosomes and associated with the epigenetic mark H3K27me3. Even if the homoeolog expression bias mostly corresponds to already existing divergence between diploid progenitor species, we nevertheless observe expression bias corresponding to the different step of bread wheat evolutive history: copies from sub-genome D are less repressed than the A or B copies; expression bias between AABB copies are more pronounced. In that respect the co-evolution of the two sub-genomes AABB during 800 000 years are traceable while D sub-genome seems to still present a nearly autonomous expression Combined together, these results suggest that wheat genome contains genes evolutionary constraints that correspond to a “core” genome of the species with basic conserved function (triad genes) and genes that present variation of the number of gene copies with differential regulations and specific functions that correspond to “dispensable” genes (dyads and tetrads)
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2

Grier, D. G. "Homeobox genes in lung development." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426729.

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3

Voronina, Vera A. "Rx plays multiple roles in eye development." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 123 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-123).
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4

Quinn, M. F. "Homeobox gene expression in acute leukaemia." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398094.

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5

Carreiro, Lenn. "Characterization of the Alx3 homeobox gene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ40789.pdf.

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6

Bokaee, Shadi. "Trageting homeobox genes for cancer immunotherapy." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543286.

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7

Hui, Jerome Ho Lam. "The Evolution of clustered Homeobox genes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490081.

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By comparison of developmental processes and features across animal taxa, one can reconstruct ancestral states and gain a deeper understanding of how different developmental modes and body plans evolved. ANTP-class homeobox genes are an ideal starting point to study the diversification of animals due to their essential functions in developmental processes, genomic organisation, confinement to animals, and highly conserved domains, which permit relatively robust orthologue classification between species.
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8

Butts, Thomas. "The nevolution of animal homeobox genes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543559.

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9

Baxter, Euan W. "Homeobox containing genes in the leech." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19982.

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Leech embryos have been used in developmental studies for over 100 years and continue to be used because of a number of unique and useful features. There is a large amount of detailed information on the highly stereotyped cellular events that take place during leech development, and recent work has shown that it is possible to study some of the genes in leech that have been shown to exert developmental effects in other species. This thesis presents that sequence of two fragments of homeobox genes which were generated from leech Helobdella robusta by polymerase chain reaction. These genes have been named Lox 7 and Lox 8. Some preliminary in situ hybridization data suggests that the Lox 7 gene is expressed in the germinal plate of stage 9 embryos. A genomic library was constructed from Helobdella robusta DNA and screened with the Lox 7 and Lox 8 fragments. A control screening was carried out with Lox 2. These experiments proved that the Lox 7 and Lox 8 genes were not represented in the library. Positives were obtained from the control screening of the Helobdella robusta genomic library and were investigated further. Evidence is presented that some of these clones do not contain the gene used to make the probe (Lox2), but may contain other homeobox genes. Positive clones were gained from the screening of a Helobdella robusta cDNA library with the leech engrailed gene. The clones show that the mRNA from the engrailed gene is alternatively spliced.
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10

Chen, Weizhong. "Homeobox genes and regeneration in asteroid echinoderms." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272109.

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11

O'Kernick, Christina M. "The identification of downstream effectors of the Rx gene and its proposed role in anophthalmia/microphthalmia." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2390.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 56 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-54).
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12

Wood, Angela Clare. "Expression of the HOX A gene cluster in acute myeloid leukaemia." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300219.

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13

Remiszewski, Jacqueline Lee. "The role of Gbx2 in murine embryonic development : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr388.pdf.

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14

Jakt, Lars Martin. "Isolation of mouse Hoxb-3 protein binding sequences : a whole genome approach /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21185505.

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15

Wang, Ming Hsiu. "Molecular evolutionary analysis of TALE homeobox in Viridiplantae." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52898.

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The emergence of embryophytes from their charophyte-like ancestor is estimated to have occurred 476-432 MYA. During the adaptation to land, embryophytes evolved to have sporic meiosis; whereas charophyte algae undergo zygotic meiosis. The transition to land required the embryophytes to develop specialized tissues and a cuticle to survive drier terrestrial environments. This transition resulted in increasing elaboration of the body plan in the diploid phase, establishing the sporophyte. It is hypothesized that diversification of heterodimeric TALE homeobox genes in the ancestral charophyte algae may have acted as new types of master regulators to control diploid-specific developmental program, which initiated the development of novel sporophytic body plan. This study is focused on determining TALE homeobox genealogy by comparing genetic sequences and gene structure of TALE homeobox found in the transcriptomes of Picocystis salinarum (prasinophyte), Mougeotia sp. (charophyte). and Cosmocladium constrictum (charophyte). The interaction of TALE homeobox proteins from Picocystis salinarum was tested with a Y2H assay. Prior to this study, it was known that the diploid developmental program was regulated by KNOX and BELL classes of TALE homeobox genes in embryophytes and KNOX and GSP1 classes of TALE homeobox genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlorophyte). Through phylogenetic analysis, I found that charophytes express KNOX, BELL and GSP1 classes, and P. salinarum expresses KNOX, GSP1, divergent TALE, and two red algal homologs of the TALE homeobox. Furthermore, comparison of intron location indicated that the BELL and GSP1 genes in the charophytes may be homologous. Intron comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the KNOX genes indicate that KNOX II class from streptophyta and KNOX from chlorophyta share the greatest similarity, whereas KNOX I class can be hypothesized to have emerged by gene duplication in the early charophyte ancestor. The Y2H assay of TALE homeobox from Picocystis salinarum shows that GSP1 and KNOX can interact, whereas the possibility of an interaction with the red algal homolog is inconclusive.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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16

Kulak, Stephen. "Mutational analysis of the homeobox transcription factor PITX2." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0021/MQ47053.pdf.

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17

Booth, Hilda Anne Foreman. "The diversity of human homeobox genes and pseudogenes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441051.

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18

Popov, Nikolay Radomirov. "Regulation of senescence by the homeobox protein HLX1." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529363.

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19

Stickland, Julia Elizabeth. "Analysis of homeobox-containing genes in Xenopus borealis." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236401.

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20

Luke, Graham Nigel. "The NK homeobox gene cluster of Branchiostoma floridae." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408097.

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21

Hirako, Mayu. "Homeobox gene expression in normal haemopoiesis and leukaemogenesis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407882.

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22

Gorski, David Henry. "Homeobox gene expression and regulation in vascular myocytes." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057944521.

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23

Silva, Silvokleio da Costa. "Homeologia e evolução dos cromossomos marcadores dos citros." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12749.

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Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-08T14:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_PPGCB_CCB_UFPE_Silvokleio da Costa Silva.pdf: 2416257 bytes, checksum: 816b850e0c404efe1ff888b803d05780 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-08T14:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE_PPGCB_CCB_UFPE_Silvokleio da Costa Silva.pdf: 2416257 bytes, checksum: 816b850e0c404efe1ff888b803d05780 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
CNPq
Recentemente, um mapa citogenético estabelecido para Poncirus trifoliata disponibilizou marcadores cromossomo-específicos para estudos evolutivos das espécies cítricas. Objetivando reconhecer as homeologias cromossômicas e entender as alterações cariotípicas existente entre os gêneros Poncirus e Citrus e entre os principais representantes dos citros, os mapas citogenéticos de P. trifoliata cv. Flying Dragon, C. reticulata cv. Cravo (tangerina) e C. maxima cv. Pink (toranja) foram construídos e comparados entre si e com o mapa previamente estabelecido para C. medica var. Etrog (cidra). Os cromossomos marcadores de P. trifoliata também foram mapeados em C. sinensis (L.) cv. Valencia (laranjeira doce), o principal híbrido de interesse econômico do grupo. Metáfases mitóticas destas espécies foram coradas com os fluorocromos CMA e DAPI e submetidas a hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) empregando sondas de cromossomos artificiais de bactérias (BACs) e de DNAr 5S e 45S. As fórmulas cariotípicas encontradas para as cultivares analisadas de P. trifoliata (4B+8D+6F), C. reticulata (2C+10D+6F), C. maxima (4A+2C+4D+8F) e C. sinensis (2B+2C+7D+7F) corroboram com as anteriormente reportadas na literatura, entretanto, um pequeno sítio proximal adicional de DNAr 45S foi detectado em C. reticulata. Apenas os cromossomos 1, 4 e 8 foram conservados quanto ao tipo cromossômico e localização dos BACs entre as espécies estudadas. Nos demais casos, as posições dos BACs foram conservadas, mas não os tipos cromossômicos. Quebra de colinearidade foi observada apenas no par 3, entre BACs e um sítio de DNAr 45S, sugerindo que inversões ou transposições também podem ter ocorrido. Os resultados aqui reportados indicam uma alta sintenia no grupo. As principais divergências cariotípicas observadas provavelmente estão relacionadas a eventos de amplificação e/ou desamplificação de sequências repetitivas que compõem os blocos CMA+. Essas alterações foram mais frequentes em C. medica que nas demais espécies, porém, considerando a variabilidade encontrada, as semelhanças cariotípicas observadas entre espécies filogeneticamente distantes podem ser fruto de reversões e não da conservação de um cariótipo ancestral. Os dados de mapeamento dos BACs nos pares cromossômicos 2 e 3 de C. sinensis, associados aos seus tipos cromossômicos, corroboram toranja e tangerina como os prováveis parentais deste híbrido.
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24

Thomas, Paul Quinton. "Homeobox gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht4608.pdf.

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Includes bibliographies. Aims to identify homeobox genes which may have a developmental role during early embryogenesis by the characterization of homeobox gene expression in undifferentiated ES cells, and in a range of differentiated ES cell derivatives.
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25

Shah, Supriya A. "Determination of Rx expression in the adult mouse retina and delineation of the Rx mediated gene regulation." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4080.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 99 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-99).
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26

Chan, Chun-leung Sherwin, and 陳俊良. "Expression profiling and epigenetic regulation of Hox genes in cellular models of chondrogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44515534.

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27

Natarajan, Dipa. "Design and use of Hox-2 gene targeting constructs in murine embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240072.

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28

Wong, Shuk-ying Esther. "NANOG in ovarian cancer." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42925058.

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29

Valerius, Michael Todd. "Downstream effectors of the homeobox transcription factor Hoxa 11." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1078859617.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2004.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 14, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: homeobox; vertebrate; microarray; development. Includes bibliographical references.
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30

Jerevall, Piiha-Lotta. "Homeobox B13 in breast cancer : Prediction of tamoxifen benefit." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Onkologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68137.

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A major issue in the management of breast cancer is to identify patients who are less likely to be cured after primary treatment and would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Of great importance is also identification of patients with only local disease who traditionally would be given chemotherapy but would survive without. In this thesis we have validated the utility of the two-gene ratio HOXB13:IL17BR, which previously has been demonstrated to predict disease-free survival in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients. We have also studied the prognostic and predictive utility of a single gene as a biomarker in breast cancer medicine. We could confirm that HOXB13:IL17BR may classify patients with different treatment benefit; only patients with a low value showed benefit from prolonged duration of tamoxifen therapy, whereas for the group with high ratios, the long-term recurrence rate did not improve with longer treatment duration. The combination of HOXB13:IL17BR and the molecular grade index (MGI), another prognostic marker, has been shown to outperform either alone in predicting risk of breast cancer recurrence. We validated the prognostic utility of HOXB13:IL17BR+MGI in a large randomized patient cohort and found that this risk classification identified more than 50% of the tamoxifen-treated lymph node-negative patients as having a less than 3% risk of distant recurrence and breast cancer death. Furthermore, we developed and tested a continuous risk model of HOXB13:IL17BR+MGI called Breast Cancer Index (BCI), for estimation of recurrence risk at the individual level. Our study shows that BCI has the ability to identify more than 50% of patients with a low risk of recurrence more accurately than using traditional risk assessment. These results suggest that BCI may help clinicians to make better informed treatment decisions and spare toxic chemotherapy for a large group of breast cancer patients. The protein expression of HOXB13 was also shown to be a valuable predictor in postmenopausal patients. High expression was associated with worse outcome after tamoxifen therapy. In a premenopausal cohort, patients with hormone receptor-positive tumors showed benefit from tamoxifen regardless of HOXB13 expression. Further analysis indicated that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) modified the performance of HOXB13 as a predictor of treatment effect and should be taken into account when identifying patients less likely to respond to the therapy given. In conclusion, BCI identifies patients with a very low risk of distant recurrence. It may be utilized in the management of breast cancer patients to optimize the use of chemotherapy. HOXB13 protein expression may be used as a marker for tamoxifen benefit, but its performance in premenopausal patients might be modified by ERβ.
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Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur. "Functional analysis of selected Hox homeobox genes in hematopoiesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25175.pdf.

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32

Looser, Jens. "Identification of two novel CVC domain-containing homeobox genes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ45845.pdf.

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33

Lincoln, Joy. "Developmental studies of the murine homeobox gene, Hoxa-9." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4145/.

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Cell patterning during embryogenesis is essential for establishing the identity of the developing body plan. Hox genes are fundamental regulators of tissue organisation along the anterior-posterior body axis of the developing embryo. These homeodomain-containing proteins act as transcription factors during normal development. The function of the homeodomain is to bind sequence-specific DNAmotifs which allows either activation or repression of downstream effector genes, which consequently results in the control of tissue-specific determination and differentiation. Aberrant expression of such Hox genes, including Hoxa-9 can result in homeotic transformations leading to phenotypic malformations and oncogenesis. However the normal function of Hoxa-9 is poorly understood. This study explored the potential role for Hoxa-9 in normal development and differentiation. An in situ hybridisation approach was taken to define the expression of Hoxa-9 in the developing mouse. Hoxa-9 was found to expressed in a temporarily and spatially regulated manner, in particular being detected in the developing cardiac atria, ventricles and cardiac vessels during E9.5-E12 stages of development. The expression of this homeotic gene during in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes and haematopoietic cells demonstrated a profile that correlated with the emergence of these cell types. The functioning relationship between Hoxa-9 expression and lineage commitment was Airther explored using over-expression in embryonic stem cells. A potential role for Hoxa-9 in normal development is discussed.
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Leong, Fong Tat Eugene. "Hop : an unusual homeobox gene involved in heart development." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438484.

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35

Roccaro, Mario. "Leaf-shape mutants and homeobox genes in Antirrhinum majus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11325.

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Plants are composed of homologous repeating structures produced continuously by the apical meristem. Cells of the apical meristem show few morphological differences, but may have vastly different fates depending on their position. For instance, group of cells in the flanking parts of the apical meristem will form leaves, while those in the central zone of the meristem will remain in an undifferentiated state of growth. This suggests that patterns exist in the meristem. However, meristems are small and not suited to biochemical and surgical analysis. As a result, relatively little is known of the mechanisms which determine patterns and cell fate in the apical meristem, and in the leaves produced by them. To investigate the genetic control of leaf development two alternative approaches were used. The first approach was to identify transposon induced leaf-shape mutations in an attempt to isolate and characterise the affected genes by transposon tagging. The second approach was to isolate by homology genes which show patterns of expression within the meristem and have the potential to control developmental fate. Fourteen different leaf shape mutants were identified by screening populations of Antirrhinum plants carrying active transposons. The mutants were characterised genetically of transposon-induced mutations. Southern hybridisation was used to identify a transposon copy that appeared to be responsible for the mutation. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine whether sequences flanking the transposon contain part of the graminifolia gene. Moreover three new homeobox genes, SNAP1, SNAP2 and SNAP3 were isolated by sequence homology. The gene product of SNAP1 shows a high degree of homology with the product of the homeobox gene KNOTTED1 of maize, whereas in SNAP2 and SNAP3 products, the homology is restricted to characteristic highly conserved regions of the KNOTTED1 protein. Using in situ hybridisation the mRNA expression patterns of these three hox-genes have been determinated.
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36

Patel, Ruchi. "The role of homeobox gene NKX3.1 in prostate cancer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca3d2321-3296-4c61-a5fb-57f1d99f9bb1.

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NKX3.1, a prostate specific homeobox gene is a known marker of prostate epithelium during embryogenesis and is also expressed subsequently through different stages of prostate differentiation. However, all studies on NKX3.1 are focused on its regulation by androgen receptor (AR). The aim of this project is to establish the role of NKX3.1 in differentiation in prostate cancer, independent of AR regulation. In this thesis, I characterize the cell lines in terms of their differentiation capabilities in 3D, expression levels of NKX3.1 and the mismatch repair status. The genes potentially involved in differentiation and regulators of NKX3.1 are also identified using microarray data of the cell lines (Chapter 3). Although NKX3.1 plays a key role in prostate development no studies have been conducted on the effect of NKX3.1 expression on differentiation capabilities of prostate cell lines. In Chapter 4, this was investigated by siRNA mediated knockdown of NKX3.1 in 22Rv1 cell line and overexpression of NKX3.1 in PC3 (designated PC3-Nkx3.1) and PNT1a cells followed by growth in 3D. These functional studies show that the expression of NKX3.1 is vital for lumen formation in 3D, which is used as a measure of differentiation. The microarray data and overexpression of NKX3.1 studies suggest that this gene may also be involved in inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Homeobox B13 (HOXB13) was identified as one of the downstream targets of NKX3.1. NKX3.1 and HOXB13 expression levels are positively correlated not only in the panel of prostate cell lines but also in the NKX3.1 overexpression and knockdown studies (Chapter 5). The results of the work presented in this thesis demonstrate that there is a striking parallel between the function of NKX3.1 in prostate and Caudal-type homeobox 1 (CDX1) in the colon and rectum. In conclusion, NKX3.1 plays a key role as a tumour suppressor in prostate cancer by controlling differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
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37

Pfeffer, Peter Lance. "The isolation and characterization of a P. Angulosus homeobox." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21983.

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Bibliography: pages 93-108.
The aim of this thesis was to isolate and characterize a homeobox-containing gene of the South African sea urchin Parechinus angulosus. This was achieved by constructing a genomic library of several individuals and screening this library using a probe containing the Antennapedia homeobox. Eight clones were isolated and shown to represent different alleles of the same gene. One clone was sequenced, revealing a homeobox which was termed PaHboxl. This homeobox was compared to published homeobox sequences and shown to be a member of the Antp (Hoxl.l) subclass (table 1.1). A splice donor site was identified 23 bp upstream of the homeobox and the observation confirmed by RNAase mapping. PaHboxl is situated in a genomic area showing a significantly higher degree of restriction fragment polymorphism than expected. This was shown by a statistical analysis which should be of general value in the interpretation of such polymorphisms. The expression of PaHboxl was examined by RNAase protection assays and Northern blotting. Two distinct phases of expression were observed - during embryogenesis PaHboxl is expressed transiently at low levels in 11,5 hr mesenchyme blastula stage embryos (44 ± 8 transcripts per embryo) with levels 3-5 fold lower 2,5 hr before and after this stage. Expression is observed again at up to 160 fold higher levels in the adult with maximal expression in testis (11 transcripts per 10 pg total RNA), and increasingly lower levels in intestines, ovary and Aristotle's lantern. Two transcripts of size 5,2 and 5,7 kbp were observed. Expression in Aristotle's lantern and embryonic stages could not be detected by Northern analysis.
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38

Mui, Stina Hung. "Ventral anterior homeobox (Vax) Genes in vertebrate eye development /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3059904.

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39

Lanning, David Allen. "Excisional Wound Healing and the Role of Homeobox Genes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2000. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5132.

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The biochemical and physiologic mechanisms responsible for excisional wound contraction have been extensively studied but are not completely understood. Furthermore, the genes that regulate these processes are unknown. As a result, there are limited treatment options available for patients with diseases or conditions characterized by abnormal tissue contraction. In an attempt to improve our understanding of these mechanisms and identify some of the putative regulatory genes, we studied excisional wound healing in the mid-gestational fetal rabbit. These wounds normally do not contract nor are they associated with inflammation, fibrosis, or scar formation. However, we have been able to induce contraction, with and without inflammation and fibrosis, by providing sustained levels of exogenous TGF-βl and -β3, respectively, at the excisional wound site. In addition to learning more about the role of the TGF-β isoforms in tissue repair, we utilized our model to identify some of the regulatory genes responsible for contraction. We theorized that homeobox genes direct the mechanisms of excisional wound contraction. These genes encode for a family of transcription factors that are known to regulate cellular differentiation and tissue migration during development. We demonstrated that homeobox genes are expressed in normal fetal and adult rabbit skin and their pattern of expression varies for several of these genes. There was a 2-fold increase for Hoxa-5, yet a moderate decrease in Hoxc-6 transcripts in the contracting versus non-contracting fetal group. In addition, there was a greater than 3-fold increase in Hoxd-8 transcripts in the adult excisional wound group compared to the normal adult skin group. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, we confirmed that the level of Hoxd-8 expression was significantly greater at the site of adult excisional wounds than in the normal skin. These findings suggest that this homeobox gene may regulate some aspect of the mechanisms responsible for excisional wound contraction. Further studies may delineate the role of Hoxa-8 and other homeobox genes in the mechanisms of excisional wound contraction. If they are determined to direct various aspects of the contractile process, future therapeutic interventions targeting these genes may improve the healing of many abnormal wound healing conditions and diseases.
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40

Heidari, Mansour. "Investigation of the molecular function of the nuclear oncoprotein HOX11 in human t-cell leukaemia." Thesis, Heidari, Mansour (2003) Investigation of the molecular function of the nuclear oncoprotein HOX11 in human t-cell leukaemia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/71/.

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HOXll, the prototypical member of the HOXll family (HOX11, HOXllLl and HOXllL2) was originally discovered as a transcriptional regulator aberrantly expressed in tumours with an immature T-cell phenotype (T-ALL) as a result of specific chromosomal translocations involving T-cell receptor loci. Subsequently, it was revealed that HOXll is required for normal spleen development since newborn Hoxll-/- mice exhibit asplenia. In both its normal and abnormal roles, HOXll has been postulated to function by binding regulatory elements within specific target genes to control gene transcription. However, very few genomic targets of HOX11 have been identified and little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we sought to further understand the role of HOX11 in controlling differentiation and cell growth by 1) determining the identity of genomic sequences that are directly bound by HOXll and 2) determining the identity of proteins which exist within HOXll-containing nuclear complexes. To identify direct HOXll target sequences, a whole genome PCR-based screening method was employed using immobilised recombinant HOXll that had first been expressed as a biologically active GST fusion protein. Using this approach, restriction enzyme-cleaved human genomic DNA was selected for high-affinity HOXll binding sites. Unexpectedly, almost all clones isolated contained sequences derived from satellite 2 DNA that, together with related satellite 3 DNA, is found on most chromosomes at transcriptionally inactive pericentromeric heterochromatin. The specific binding of HOXl1 to satellite 2 DNA was verified by bandshift assays using both recombinant HOXll protein and nuclear extract derived from the T-ALL cell line, ALL-SIL. DNA-protein complexes containing HOX11 were identified by their ablation upon addition of HOXl1 antibody. To confirm that HOXll associates with pericentromeric heterochromatin in vivo, HOXll was characterised in terms of its nuclear localisation during interphase in unsynchronised leukaemic T-cells (ALL-SIL) harbouring a translocation involving the HOXll locus. Using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, HOXll antibody produced a punctate pattern of staining in the nucleus with discrete areas of dense staining superimposed on a diffuse distribution of HOXll protein. By dual staining, the bright HOXll foci correlated with centromeres since they overlapped with signals detected by an antibody specific for the centromeric protein CENP-B. Further evidence for a direct interaction of HOXll with satellite 2 DNA was provided by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In the presence of HOXll antibody, DNA fragments containing satellite 2 sequences were irnmunoprecipitated from sheared, cross-linked ALL-SIL chromatin but not from chromatin isolated from the HOXll-negative T-cell line PER-1 17. Finally, using a combination of immunoprecipitation with HOXll antibody, gel electrophoresis and mass peptide fingerprinting, a set of nuclear proteins were identified as potential HOXll interactors which are known to either localise to centromeric regions or act as regulators of gene expression. Together, these results implicate HOXl 1 in a functional interaction with centromeric heterochromatin, which may be a key feature of this oncoprotein in terms of both its T-cell transformation and transcriptional regulatory functions.
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41

Heidari, Mansour. "Investigation of the molecular function of the nuclear oncoprotein HOX11 in human t-cell leukaemia." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060815.123509.

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HOXll, the prototypical member of the HOXll family (HOX11, HOXllLl and HOXllL2) was originally discovered as a transcriptional regulator aberrantly expressed in tumours with an immature T-cell phenotype (T-ALL) as a result of specific chromosomal translocations involving T-cell receptor loci. Subsequently, it was revealed that HOXll is required for normal spleen development since newborn Hoxll-/- mice exhibit asplenia. In both its normal and abnormal roles, HOXll has been postulated to function by binding regulatory elements within specific target genes to control gene transcription. However, very few genomic targets of HOX11 have been identified and little is known about its mode of action. In this study, we sought to further understand the role of HOX11 in controlling differentiation and cell growth by 1) determining the identity of genomic sequences that are directly bound by HOXll and 2) determining the identity of proteins which exist within HOXll-containing nuclear complexes. To identify direct HOXll target sequences, a whole genome PCR-based screening method was employed using immobilised recombinant HOXll that had first been expressed as a biologically active GST fusion protein. Using this approach, restriction enzyme-cleaved human genomic DNA was selected for high-affinity HOXll binding sites. Unexpectedly, almost all clones isolated contained sequences derived from satellite 2 DNA that, together with related satellite 3 DNA, is found on most chromosomes at transcriptionally inactive pericentromeric heterochromatin. The specific binding of HOXl1 to satellite 2 DNA was verified by bandshift assays using both recombinant HOXll protein and nuclear extract derived from the T-ALL cell line, ALL-SIL. DNA-protein complexes containing HOX11 were identified by their ablation upon addition of HOXl1 antibody. To confirm that HOXll associates with pericentromeric heterochromatin in vivo, HOXll was characterised in terms of its nuclear localisation during interphase in unsynchronised leukaemic T-cells (ALL-SIL) harbouring a translocation involving the HOXll locus. Using indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, HOXll antibody produced a punctate pattern of staining in the nucleus with discrete areas of dense staining superimposed on a diffuse distribution of HOXll protein. By dual staining, the bright HOXll foci correlated with centromeres since they overlapped with signals detected by an antibody specific for the centromeric protein CENP-B. Further evidence for a direct interaction of HOXll with satellite 2 DNA was provided by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In the presence of HOXll antibody, DNA fragments containing satellite 2 sequences were irnmunoprecipitated from sheared, cross-linked ALL-SIL chromatin but not from chromatin isolated from the HOXll-negative T-cell line PER-1 17. Finally, using a combination of immunoprecipitation with HOXll antibody, gel electrophoresis and mass peptide fingerprinting, a set of nuclear proteins were identified as potential HOXll interactors which are known to either localise to centromeric regions or act as regulators of gene expression. Together, these results implicate HOXl 1 in a functional interaction with centromeric heterochromatin, which may be a key feature of this oncoprotein in terms of both its T-cell transformation and transcriptional regulatory functions.
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42

Zhou, Bo. "Structural studies of geminin-hox and smad-hox complexes /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202007%20ZHOU.

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43

Cheng, Wai-chun. "Studying Hoxb5 functions in enteric nervous system development by dominant-negative repressor engrailed-Hoxb5." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39634528.

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44

凌錦榮 and Kam-wing Ling. "Study of transgenic mice ectopically expressing the mouse Hoxb-3 gene." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238993.

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45

Cheng, Wai-chun, and 鄭維俊. "Studying Hoxb5 functions in enteric nervous system development by dominant-negative repressor engrailed-Hoxb5." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39634528.

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46

Wong, Shuk-ying Esther, and 黃淑瀛. "NANOG in ovarian cancer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42925058.

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47

Patterson, Kristin Diane. "Vertebrate tinman-related homeobox genes during heart and spleen development in Xenopus /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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48

Newman, Craig Stephen. "The characterization of developmentally regulated homeobox genes in the frog Xenopus laevis /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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49

Ling, Kam-wing. "Study of transgenic mice ectopically expressing the mouse Hoxb-3 gene /." Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20735212.

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50

Bibb, Lindsay Claire. "Molecular studies on the cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404407.

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