Journal articles: 'Homeless persons'

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Nash, Woods, Sandra J. Mixer, Polly M. McArthur, and Annette Mendola. "The moral courage of nursing students who complete advance directives with homeless persons." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 7 (August 3, 2016): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015583926.

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Background: Homeless persons in the United States have disproportionately high rates of illness, injury, and mortality and tend to believe that the quality of their end-of-life care will be poor. No studies were found as to whether nurses or nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons or members of any other demographic complete advance directives. Research hypothesis: We hypothesized that baccalaureate nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons complete advance directives. Moral courage was defined as a trait of a person or an action that overcomes fears or other challenges to achieve something of great moral worth. Research design: The hypothesis was investigated through a qualitative descriptive study. Aside from the pre-selection of a single variable to study (i.e. moral courage), our investigation was a naturalistic inquiry with narrative hues insofar as it attended to specific words and phrases in the data that were associated with that variable. Participants and research context: A total of 15 baccalaureate nursing students at a public university in the United States responded to questionnaires that sought to elicit fears and other challenges that they both expected to experience and actually experienced while helping homeless persons complete advance directives at a local, non-profit service agency. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Internal Review Board of the authors’ university, and each participant signed an informed consent form, which stated that the study involved no reasonably foreseeable risks and that participation was voluntary. Findings: Before meeting with homeless persons, participants reported that they expected to experience two fears and a challenge: fear of behaving in ways that a homeless person would deem inappropriate, fear of discussing a homeless person’s dying and death, and the challenge of adequately conveying the advance directive’s meaning and accurately recording a homeless person’s end-of-life wishes. In contrast, after their meetings with homeless persons, relatively few participants reported having encountered those obstacles. So, while participants required moral courage to assist homeless persons with advance directives, they required greater moral courage as they anticipated their meetings than during those meetings. Discussion: Our study breaks new ground at the intersection of nursing, moral courage, and advance directives. It might also have important implications for how to improve the training that US nursing students receive before they provide this service. Conclusion: Our results cannot be generalized, but portions of our approach are likely to be transferable to similar social contexts. For example, because homeless persons are misunderstood and marginalized throughout the United States, our design for training nursing students to provide this service is also likely to be useful across the United States. Internationally, however, it is not yet known whether our participants’ fears and the challenge they faced are also experienced by those who assist homeless persons or members of other vulnerable populations in documenting healthcare wishes.

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Simon, Anna Brown, and Zane Robinson Wolf. "Mini-Ethnography and Case Studies on Homeless Persons’ Primary Care Needs in an Urban Community." International Journal for Human Caring 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/humancaring-d-21-00003.

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Homeless persons struggle to access healthcare services and obtain resources to meet basic needs. This study used mini-ethnography, case study, and survey to describe primary care needs of homeless persons in two Pennsylvania cities. Data were obtained using participant observation, field notes, surveys, and document analysis. Five homeless persons and four community volunteers were interviewed. Homeless persons had some options for obtaining primary care services. It was difficult to take prescribed medications and acquire preventive services. Their symptoms often went unattended. Dedicated community volunteers and community agencies assisted homeless persons to obtain basic needs and healthcare services.

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West, Keri J., Brittany Wrobel, Stefania Pallotta, and Alex Coatsworth. "Bearing Witness: Exploring the End-of-Life Needs of Homeless Persons and Barriers to Appropriate Care." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818801150.

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Traditional models of palliative care are largely inaccessible to homeless persons, and their preferences regarding end-of-life care are poorly understood. The purpose of the present scoping review is to summarize the burgeoning gray and academic literature on end-of-life care for homeless persons. Five medical databases, seven social science databases, and four gray literature databases were searched, resulting in 57 relevant titles. Six themes emerged: (a) Characteristics of homeless persons who require end-of-life care; (b) preferences and concerns of homeless persons approaching the end of life; (c) the role of spirituality for homeless persons at the end of life; (d) barriers to care at the patient, provider, and institutional or structural levels; (e) inclusive models of palliative care; and (f) implications for policy and practice. Practitioners and homeless persons must negotiate many obstacles in the provision and receipt of palliative care. However, there is tremendous potential and opportunity to improve the quality of life at the end of life for this vulnerable population.

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Wrenn, Keith. "Foot Problems in Homeless Persons." Annals of Internal Medicine 113, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-8-567.

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BRICKNER, PHILIP W. "Homeless Persons and Health Care." Annals of Internal Medicine 104, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-405.

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Lynch, Philip. "The Homeless Persons' Legal Clinic." Alternative Law Journal 27, no. 1 (February 2002): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0202700109.

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Bowdler, Jo Ensign, and Lorna Mill Barrell. "Health Needs of Homeless Persons." Public Health Nursing 4, no. 3 (September 1987): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1987.tb00529.x.

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Goeman, D. P. "A PROGRAM FOR HOMELESS PERSONS." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2625.

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Levy, Bruce D., and James J. O'Connell. "Health Care for Homeless Persons." New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 23 (June 3, 2004): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp038222.

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Bucher, Scott J., Philip W. Brickner, and Richard L. Vincent. "Influenzalike Illness Among Homeless Persons." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 7 (July 2006): 1162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1207.060217.

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De Vries, Sabina, Gerald A. Juhnke, and Cherie Trahan Keene. "PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Childhood Abuse: Gender Differences among a Homeless Sample." Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.10.2.2-15.

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The current study examined the potential relationship between homelessness, gender, and occurrence of Post-Traumatic Distress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD. Participants were 90 homeless persons from shelters located in a large, South Central Texas, metropolitan city of approximately 1.9 million persons. The study found that homeless participants reported high levels of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Homeless women reported higher rates of childhood abuse and were affected by PTSD at a higher frequency than homeless males. PTSD, Complex PTSD, and traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse appear to be contributing factors to homelessness. Results suggest the need for increased advocacy among counseling and psychology professionals is warranted for homeless persons experiencing PTSD.

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Barak, Yoram, Asnat Cohen, and Dov Aizenberg. "Suicide Among the Homeless." Crisis 25, no. 2 (March 2004): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.2.51.

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Summary: Background: Among the homeless there are high rates of mortality and a significant number of attempted and completed suicides. In Tel-Aviv, Israel, there is an ongoing municipal outreach program for the homeless. Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the subgroup of homeless persons who had died by suicide. Method: Over a 9-year period the records of each homeless person who had died were assessed by two psychiatrists and a clinical criminologist. The project was undertaken in a large city and was feasible due to close cooperation between the municipal welfare department and mental health consultants. Results: Of the 1,192 homeless persons located and contacted, 156 persons had died (13.1%). Nine of the deaths were by completed suicide (5.8%). All were male. Mean age for the suicide subgroup was 34±8.7 years, significantly younger than those who died of other causes (p < .01). The majority had completed high school education. While the majority of deaths were drug or alcohol related, in only 1 of 9 deaths by suicide was there a history of drug abuse. Psychiatric comorbidity was recorded in 4 of the 9 persons. The majority of persons (6/9) had died of suicide by hanging. Conclusion: Suicide is not a negligible cause of death among the homeless population.

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Nwaoga, Chinyere Theresa, Anuli B. Okoli, and Favour C. Uroko. "Self-acclaimed Religious terrorism, Refugee crisis, and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n3p189.

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Abstract The paper examines how the self-acclaimed religious terrorism has forced thousands of Nigerians to be displaced from their homes. Boko haram, a religious terrorist group, has destroyed properties, wasted lives and rendered many homeless. These homeless persons became refugees and internally displaced persons. These refugees are those who fled the shores of Nigeria to neighbouring countries while the internally displaced persons (IDPs) are those persons who are still within Nigeria. The paper critically accesses the plight of displaced persons (Nigerian refugees and IDPs) and the causative factors. It was discovered that there are severe hunger and starvation in displaced person’s camp. The methodology used in this paper is the descriptive phenomenological method of qualitative research. It was used so as to provide an objective report on the findings of this research. As part of its recommendation, the paper proposes that the government should make candid effort to see to the adequate care for Nigerians who have been displaced from their homes.

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Sumerlin, John R. "Discriminant Analyses of Willingness to Talk with a Counselor and Most Difficult Issues in the Experience of Unsheltered Homeless Men: Self-Actualization, Loneliness, and Depression." Psychological Reports 78, no. 2 (April 1996): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.2.659.

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Stepwise discriminant analyses of willingness to talk with a counselor (Wilks Lambda = .75, p <.001) and most difficult issues (Wilks Lambda = .81, p < .001) in 145 unsheltered homeless men's experience were examined using self-actualization constructs, loneliness, depression, and history-of-being-homeless variables. For example, homeless men with higher scores on loneliness, autonomy, courage, Jonah Complex, and self-acceptance were less willing to talk with a counselor. The variable, longer intervals of having a home after a first homeless episode, was associated with personal issues rather than with homeless issues. Selected participants' responses to the items, “what have you learned from your homeless experience that you could not have learned any other way” and “what would you like for me to know about your experience of homelessness,” are posted to give perspective on a homeless person's internal frame of reference. This phenomenological approach indicated strengths as well as weaknesses of homeless men. Counseling programs should embrace all homeless persons including mentally well, nondrug-dependent homeless individuals.

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Wood, David, and Linda Davis. "Delivering Health Care to Homeless Persons." Nurse Practitioner 18, no. 2 (February 1993): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199302000-00016.

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Agans, Robert P., Malcolm T. Jefferson, James M. Bowling, Donglin Zeng, Jenny Yang, and Mark Silverbush. "Enumerating the Hidden Homeless: Strategies to Estimate the Homeless Gone Missing From a Point-in-Time Count." Journal of Official Statistics 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2014-0014.

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Abstract To receive federal homeless funds, communities are required to produce statistically reliable, unduplicated counts or estimates of homeless persons in sheltered and unsheltered locations during a one-night period (within the last ten days of January) called a point-in-time (PIT) count. In Los Angeles, a general population telephone survey was implemented to estimate the number of unsheltered homeless adults who are hidden from view during the PIT count. Two estimation approaches were investigated: i) the number of homeless persons identified as living on private property, which employed a conventional household weight for the estimated total (Horvitz-Thompson approach); and ii) the number of homeless persons identified as living on a neighbor’s property, which employed an additional adjustment derived from the size of the neighborhood network to estimate the total (multiplicity-based approach). This article compares the results of these two methods and discusses the implications therein.

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Győrffy, Zsuzsa, Sándor Békási, Bence Döbrössy, Virág Katalin Bognár, Nóra Radó, Emília Morva, Szabolcs Zsigri, Péter Tari, and Edmond Girasek. "Exploratory attitude survey of homeless persons regarding telecare services in shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation: The importance of trust." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): e0261145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261145.

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Background With the expansion of digital health, it is imperative to consider intervention techniques in order not to be the cause of even more social health inequalities in underserved populations struggling with chronic diseases. Telemedicine solutions for homeless persons might compensate for shortcomings in access to valuable health services in different settings. The main aim of our research was to examine the attitudes and openness of homeless persons regarding telecare on a Hungarian sample. Methods Quantitative survey among homeless people (n = 98) was completed in 4 shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation in Budapest, Hungary. Attitudes regarding healthcare service accessibility and telecare were measured by a self-developed questionnaire of the research team. Telecare attitude comparison was made with data of a Hungarian weighted reference group of non-homeless persons recruited from 2 primary care units (n = 110). Results A significant fraction of homeless people with mid- or long-term residency in homeless shelters did not oppose the use of telecare via live online video consultation and there was no difference compared to the national reference group (averages of 3.09 vs. 3.15, respectively). Results of the homeless group indicate that those more satisfied with healthcare services, in general, manifest more openness to telecare. It is clearly demonstrated by the multivariate analysis that those participants in the homeless group who had problems getting health care in the last year definitely preferred in-person doctor-patient consultations. Conclusion Digital health technologies offer a potentially important new pathway for the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among homeless persons. Based on the attitudes towards telecare, initiating an on-site telecare program for mid- and long-term residents of homeless shelters might enable better care continuity. Our results draw attention to the key factors including building trust in the implementation of such programs among underserved and other vulnerable patient groups.

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Biederman, Donna J., Julia C. Gamble, Sally Wilson, Laura K. Duff, Erin Bristow, and Laura M. Wiederhoeft. "Transitional Care for Homeless Persons: An Opportunity for Nursing Leadership, Innovation, and Creativity." Creative Nursing 22, no. 2 (2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.22.2.76.

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Homelessness in the United States is decreasing. However, homeless persons exhibit high levels of illness and frequently move between institutional and community settings. These moves are complicated by a complex health care and service industry landscape that is often difficult to navigate. In this article, we describe an innovative transitional care program for homeless persons that augments nurse-led transitional care with community health workers who provide accompaniment and linkage to services for program participants. This model offers promise in surmounting the myriad structural barriers to health and health care that many homeless persons in our communities routinely face.

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Wenzel, Suzanne L. "Length of time spent homeless: Implications for employment of homeless persons." Journal of Community Psychology 20, no. 1 (January 1992): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<57::aid-jcop2290200108>3.0.co;2-o.

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White, S. E. "Health Care Services and Homeless People: The Missing Link." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00038.

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The paper describes an effective and innovative model of referral and service provision, which has been developed collaboratively between the Royal District Nursing Service Homeless Persons' Program and four inner urban public hospitals. The aim of the Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) Homeless Persons Program (HPP) is twofold: to provide high quality, holistic health care to homeless people and to improve their access to the mainstream public health system. Our fundamental belief is that health is both a personal resource and a human right. The experience of homelessness impacts directly on physical, emotional and social wellbeing, resulting in a perpetual cycle of ill health and transience. Traditionally, homeless people have met with significant difficulties when accessing mainstream health systems. In 1991, the RDNS Homeless Persons' Program began to develop formal policies and protocols with a public hospital emergency department, in relation to the care and discharge planning of homeless people. This collaborative model of referral and continuity has since been refined and replicated in three other inner urban public hospitals. It now forms the basis of an effective, integrated network that acts to improve not only the quality of care offered by the hospitals, but more importantly, the quality of life experienced by the homeless people involved.

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Jagpal, Parbir, Nigel Barnes, Richard Lowrie, Amitava Banerjee, and Vibhu Paudyal. "Clinical Pharmacy Intervention for Persons Experiencing Homelessness: Evaluation of Patient Perspectives in Service Design and Development." Pharmacy 7, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7040153.

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Persons experiencing homelessness have a high prevalence of severe mental health problems, alcohol dependence, substance misuse and infectious hepatitis C, and face up to twelve times higher mortality rates compared to the general population. They also face barriers to accessing healthcare. However, clinical pharmacy services are currently not available to homeless populations in England. The aim of this study was to conduct public involvement sessions with persons experiencing homelessness with a view to inform the design of patient-centred clinical pharmacy healthcare services. Qualitative methodology was used, using a focus group with homeless persons from emergency shelters and one to one engagement with those sleeping rough, using a topic guide. A total of nine homeless persons took part—seven males and two females. The participants of the sessions said that patient-centred clinical pharmacy services delivered for homeless persons would address many of their unmet needs around access to medicines, their understanding of prescribed medicines and holistic management of their health. The service would be able to make a positive impact on their health outcomes by screening for health conditions, facilitating better integration across services, referral and liaison with other services, and minimising misuse of prescribed medicines. The findings of this study will be used to inform the development, implementation and evaluation of a patient-centred clinical pharmacy service tailored to meet the specific needs of the homeless population.

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Boesveldt, Nienke Fredrika. "Denying homeless persons access to municipal support." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 12, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2018-0005.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the denial of social support to homeless persons and related societal effects of new local governance arrangements. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of new data and secondary evaluative and comparative data on the policies, administrative structures and management styles of Copenhagen, Glasgow and Amsterdam have brought better understanding of the elements of local governance arrangements that influence the number of homeless persons who are denied access to services and the number of persons sleeping rough who are not eligible for social support. Theoretical explanations for the impact of governance arrangements on these processes and societal effects are considered. Findings It appears that while the body of research, reports and policy documents on non-eligibility for homelessness services is growing, legal responses at best remain vague, and policies are still in the process of being developed. Modest progress on policy goals, and even more so on policy instruments, leading to less detrimental outcomes, can be explained by centralising and decentralising trends and the relationships between state and society. The latter may also be indicative of how the increased focus on the legal problems of some EU migrants can be explained. Research limitations/implications The two points in time documented for the case studies are relevant in understanding processes underlying the current circumstances of homeless persons and homeless migrants and offer an interdisciplinary insight into governance and politics, law, and public and health service perspectives. Social implications Good policy practice, as this paper shows, can lead to a difference in individual lives. Originality/value Much is unknown about considerations inside government. This paper contributes by combining theoretical and insider perspectives.

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Ivers, Jo-Hanna, Lina Zgaga, Bernie O’Donoghue-Hynes, Aisling Heary, Brian Gallwey, and Joe Barry. "Five-year standardised mortality ratios in a cohort of homeless people in Dublin." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023010.

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ObjectiveTo calculate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for a cohort of homeless people in the Dublin region over a 5-year period and to examine leading causes of death.SettingHomeless services reporting deaths from homeless persons in their care across the Dublin Homeless Region.MethodsDeath data among people who experience homelessness was acquired from the Dublin Region Homeless Executive (2011–2015) and validated from both death certificates and records from the Dublin Coroner’s Office.ParticipantsTwo hundred and nine deaths were recorded; of these 201 were verified (n=156 males, 77.6%). Deaths that could not be verified by certificate or coroners record were excluded from the study.ResultsSMRs were 3–10 times higher in homeless men and 6–10 times higher in homeless women compared with the general population. Drug and alcohol-related deaths were the leading cause of death, accounting for 38.4% of deaths in homeless individuals. These were followed by circulatory (20%) and respiratory causes (13%).ConclusionMortality rates among homeless persons are exceptionally high. Services and programmes, particularly housing and those targeting overdose and alcoholism, are urgently needed to prevent premature mortality in this vulnerable population.

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Tan, Harry. "‘We are not like them’: stigma and the Destitute Persons Act of Singapore." International Journal of Law in Context 17, no. 3 (September 2021): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552321000410.

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AbstractUsing a legal-consciousness approach, this paper discusses the issue of stigma and law from the perspectives of a group of older homeless people in Singapore. Focusing specifically on the Destitute Persons Act 2013 Rev. Ed. (DPA), the paper shows the different ways in which homeless people make sense of, negotiate, resist or succumb to the stigma of a homeless identity ascribed by the DPA. From these experiences, two fundamental problems with the DPA are highlighted. First, the DPA imposes a homeless identity that is entangled in archaic legal definitions that often do not relate to contemporary experiences of homelessness in Singapore. Second, the enforcement of the DPA legitimises a differential treatment of homeless people, without addressing the broader complexities of homelessness.

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Zha, Mengyi, Cheri L. Olson, and Carol Goulet. "Improving the Attitudes to Homeless Persons in a Family Medicine Residency." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272094977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720949778.

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Introduction: Family medicine providers are at the forefront of serving homeless persons. It is important to prepare family medicine residents for this responsibility during residency. In the current study, we aimed to assess the effect of a series of enrichment activities on the attitudes toward homeless persons held by residents, faculty, and staff in a rural family medicine residency program. Methods: The residency program implemented a 6-month enrichment activities series that provided various educational experiences and aimed to improve the participants’ knowledge of and attitudes toward homeless persons. Participants completed 2 anonymous online surveys before and after the enrichment series: (1) the Health Professional’s Attitude Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI) and (2) a short survey assessing the understanding of local issues that affected homeless persons. Two-tailed Student t tests were used to compare the survey results. Results: Of the 48 eligible participants, 42 (88%) completed the surveys before enrichment activities and 41 (85%) completed the surveys afterward. Engagement in the enrichment series was associated with a significant improvement in attitudes supporting social advocacy, but it did not affect self-reported levels of cynicism or personal advocacy. Participant knowledge of local homelessness issues improved, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The longitudinal enrichment activities series, which was implemented in a rural family medicine residency program and aimed to provide experiences working with homeless individuals, was effective in improving attitudes supporting social advocacy among participants.

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Barnes, Jessica, Larry Segars, Jason Wasserman, Patrick Karabon, and Tracey A. Taylor. "611. Infectious Disease Management of Homeless and Non-Homeless Populations in United States Emergency Departments." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.805.

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Abstract Background Studies have long documented the increased emergency department usage in the United States by homeless persons compared to their housed counterparts, as well as an increased overall prevalence of infectious diseases. However, there is a gap in knowledge on the treatment that homeless persons receive for these infectious diseases within United States emergency departments compared to their housed counterparts. This study seeks to understand this potential difference in treatment, including diagnostic services tested, procedures performed, and medications prescribed. Methods This study utilized a retrospective, cohort study design to analyze data from the 2007-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) database. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was used to compare variables, including diagnostic services, procedures, and medication classes prescribed between homeless and private residence individuals seeking emergency department treatment for infectious diseases. This provided an odds ratio to compare the two populations, which was then adjusted for confounding variables. Results Compared to private residence individuals, homeless persons were more likely (OR: 10.99, p< 0.05, CI: 1.08-111.40) to receive sutures or staples when presenting with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments. Compared to private residence persons, homeless individuals were less likely (OR: 0.29, p< 0.05, CI: 0.10-0.87) to be provided medications or immunizations when presenting with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments, and significant differences were detected in prescribing habits of multiple medication classes. Conclusion This study detected a significant difference in suturing/stapling and medication prescribing patterns for homeless persons with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments, compared to their housed counterparts. These results provide a platform for continual research. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Wittman, Friedner, Douglas Polcin, and Dave Sheridan. "The architecture of recovery: two kinds of housing assistance for chronic homeless persons with substance use disorders." Drugs and Alcohol Today 17, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-12-2016-0032.

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Purpose Roughly half a million persons in the USA are homeless on any given night and over a third of those individuals have significant alcohol/other drug (AOD) problems. Many are chronically homeless and in need of assistance for a variety of problems. However, the literature on housing services for this population has paid limited attention to comparative analyses contrasting different approaches. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined the literature on housing models for homeless persons with AOD problems and critically analyzed how service settings and operations aligned with service goals. Findings The authors found two predominant housing models that reflect different service goals: sober living houses (SLHs) and housing first (HF). SLHs are communally based living arrangements that draw on the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. They emphasize a living environment that promotes abstinence and peer support for recovery. HF is based on the premise that many homeless persons with substance abuse problems will reject abstinence as a goal. Therefore, the HF focus is providing subsidized or free housing and optional professional services for substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, and other problems. Research limitations/implications If homeless service providers are to develop comprehensive systems for homeless persons with AOD problems, they need to consider important contrasts in housing models, including definitions of “recovery,” roles of peer support, facility management, roles for professional service, and the architectural designs that support the mission of each type of housing. Originality/value This paper is the first to consider distinct consumer choices within homeless service systems and provide recommendations to improve each based upon architecture and community planning principles.

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Patrício, Anna Cláudia Freire de Araújo, Richardson Augusto Rosendo da Silva, Rossini Freire de Araújo, Rôseane Ferreira da Silva, Géssica Thais de Sousa Nascimento, Thays Domingos de Brito Rodrigues, and Maria Amanda Pereira Leite. "Common mental disorders and resilience in homeless persons." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 6 (December 2019): 1526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0541.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify common mental disorders and resilience in homeless persons. Method: Cross-sectional study with 49 homeless persons, assisted in the Casa da Acolhida Adulta and the Specialized Reference Center in a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil. Data collection performed between February and March 2018, using SRQ20 scales for common mental disorders and another for Resilience. Kruskal Wallis test, Student’s T-test and Chi-Square test were used. Results: In the study, 61.2% (30) participants have poor sleep; 69.4% (34) feel nervous, tense or worried; 71.4% (35) feel unhappy; 63.3% are unable to play a useful role in their lives; 71.4% (35) have common mental disorders, and 44.9% (22) presented low resilience. Resilience influences common mental disorders, which, in turn, are influenced by gender and age. Conclusion: Professionals who assist homeless persons need to have a look directed at common mental disorders and resilience.

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Qian, Cindy Wu, and Joshua Hauser. "Perspectives of homeless service providers on their work, their clients, and the healthcare system." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): e0268765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268765.

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Purpose To describe the perspectives of homeless service providers who work for Chicago organizations that primarily serve persons experiencing homelessness. Methods A qualitative, cross-sectional study of Chicago homeless service providers (n = 17) consisting of a semi-structured interview and the Attitudes Toward the Homeless Inventory (ATHI). Interviews were analyzed for themes and patterns using inductive approach. Results Four categories of 16 themes describing homeless service providers’ perspectives and perceptions: 1) perspectives on work, 2) perspectives on the general population of those experiencing homelessness at large, 3) perceptions of the population of those experiencing homelessness based on client interactions, and 4) perceptions of hospitals and healthcare. Conclusions A richer understanding of the perspectives of homeless service may provide guidance in recruitment and training of workers in this area and offer insight into caring for persons experiencing homelessness in hospital settings.

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Sussman, Tamara, Rachel Barken, and Amanda Grenier. "Supporting Older Homeless Persons’ Positive Relocations to Long-Term Care: Service Provider Views." Gerontologist 60, no. 6 (January 2, 2020): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz171.

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Abstract Background and Objectives This study sought to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with supporting older homeless persons’ relocations to long-term care (LTC) from the perspective of service providers. It aims to inform how to improve relocation processes for this vulnerable and growing subpopulation of older persons. Research Design and Methods This cross-sectional qualitative study employed semistructured face-to-face interviews with service providers from two Health and Social Service Centres in Montreal, Quebec. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed in five stages. Results A total of eight service providers reported on their experiences supporting over 40 relocations of older homeless persons (50+) in the last year. According to participants, older homeless persons’ trajectories into LTC typically included a series of neglected medical issues followed by hospitalization and eventual relocation to LTC. Systemic barriers such as limited-time for proper planning, insufficient housing options for persons with minor functional limitations, disregard for preferred geographic location, multiple moves, and staff prejudices worked together to expedite premature relocation and challenge relocation processes. Discussion and Implications Older homeless persons appear to be at heightened risk of premature and challenging relocation processes. Expanding housing stock for persons with functional limitations, strengthening intersectoral collaborations, providing education and training to staff, and ensuring flexibility around rules and regulations in receiving LTC homes would both improve access to aging in place for this marginalized group of older persons and ensure conditions are in place to support positive relocations to LTC for those who require it.

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Menon1, Sarada, Jayakumar Menon, and P. Poornachandrika. "Deinstitutionalization and The Homeless Mentally Ill." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 3, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/ijmhns.2020.v3.i1.63.

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According to the Oxford dictionary “Institution” is an important public body, a home providing care for people with special needs and ‘institutionalise’ is placing such persons in a residential institution. In the context of the topic being discussed, institution is a home for persons with special needs and similarly institutionalisation is placing the persons with serious mental illness, whether acute, subacute or chronic. Deinstitutionalisation is increasingly being projected as the most needed reform in the mental health care by many experts in our country, but the implications of this merit’s critical evaluation.

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Menon, Sarada, Jayakumar Menon, and P. Poornachandrika. "Deinstitutionalization and The Homeless Mentally Ill." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 3, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/10.32746/ijmhns.2020.v3.i1.63.

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According to the Oxford dictionary “Institution” is an important public body, a home providing care for people with special needs and ‘institutionalise’ is placing such persons in a residential institution. In the context of the topic being discussed, institution is a home for persons with special needs and similarly institutionalisation is placing the persons with serious mental illness, whether acute, subacute or chronic. Deinstitutionalisation is increasingly being projected as the most needed reform in the mental health care by many experts in our country, but the implications of this merit’s critical evaluation.

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James, Franklin J. "Counting homeless persons with surveys of users of services for the homeless." Housing Policy Debate 2, no. 3 (January 1991): 733–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1991.9521071.

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Perkins, Ignatius. "Caring for Homeless Persons Living with AIDS." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 3, no. 4 (2003): 747–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq2003349.

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Blankertz, Laura E., Ram A. Cnaan, Kalma White, Jim Fox, and Karlyn Messinger. "Outreach Efforts with Dually Diagnosed Homeless Persons." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 71, no. 7 (September 1990): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949007100701.

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Bachrach, Leona L. "The Media and Homeless Mentally Ill Persons." Psychiatric Services 41, no. 9 (September 1990): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.41.9.963.

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Wong, Yin-Ling Irene, and Irving Piliavin. "Stressors, resources, and distress among homeless persons:." Social Science & Medicine 52, no. 7 (April 2001): 1029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00209-4.

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Cohen, Barbara E., Nancy Chapman, and Martha R. Burt. "Food sources and intake of homeless persons." Journal of Nutrition Education 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 45S—51S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(12)80139-7.

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Morton, Larry G., Renee M. Cunningham-Williams, and Giovanina Gardiner. "Volunteerism Among Homeless Persons With Developmental Disabilities." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2010): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15367100903526070.

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Berlin, Nancy. "The mental health needs of homeless persons." Children and Youth Services Review 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-7409(89)90011-x.

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Sinova, L. "SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION OF CHILD NEGLECT AND HOMELESSNESS DURING QUARANTINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 117 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2021/2.117-14.

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The article examines the features of the legal status of child neglect and homelessness, determines the place of this category of persons in society and the state. Child neglect and homelessness are considered as a separate category that needs social and legal protection from the state and charitable organizations, especially during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Today, the problem of homeless people and homeless children in Ukraine distorts the social environment, destroys the physical, mental and spiritual health of people, reduces their vital, social and creative activity, worsens morale, as well as creates tension in society. The main reasons for this situation were a sharp decline in income and living standards due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and structural changes in the economy, unprofitability of many manufacturing enterprises, imperfect financial and credit mechanisms, the sharp increase in existing and hidden unemployment, unpreparedness of training and social institutions, as well as law enforcement agencies to work with such categories of the population in the market conditions. The general principles of social protection of homeless persons and homeless children established by the legislation are determined. It provides legal regulation for relations in society, which are aimed at realization by homeless persons and homeless children of their rights and freedoms provided by the Constitution and legislation of Ukraine. It also creates conditions for public and charitable organizations working in the field of social protection. The conditions and active growth of the number of homeless people and homeless children during quarantine are studied. The author points out the need to comply with the current legislation in the field of social and legal protection of this category of persons, especially during quarantine, as health should be a strategic direction of human life. Thus, the state should protect and help homeless citizens and homeless children according to the Constitution of Ukraine, as a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value. The maintenance and upbringing of orphans and children deprived of parental care is the responsibility of the state. Keywords: homelessness, child neglect, life circumstances, health care, quarantine, social assistance, social services, orphanhood.

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Parsons, Jennifer A., Timothy P. Johnson, and Mark E. Barrett. "Awareness and Knowledge of Alcohol Beverage Warning Labels among Homeless Persons in Cook County, Illinois." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 14, no. 2 (July 1993): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/lmgn-r5cn-j5tm-whrf.

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In 1988 Congress passed the Alcohol Beverage Labeling Act, requiring that two specific health warning labels appear on all alcoholic beverage containers sold in the United States after November 1989. The following year, a random sample of 481 homeless persons interviewed in shelters, soup kitchens, drop-in centers, and single room occupancy (SRO) hotels in Cook County, Illinois were asked about their awareness and knowledge of these messages. As a group traditionally considered at high risk for alcohol abuse, the degree to which the newly-mandated warning messages have been communicated to homeless persons has important implications for the success of this public health measure. Findings revealed that age and level of alcohol consumption were each associated with label awareness and content familiarity, suggesting that alcohol beverage warning labels may be reaching homeless persons.

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CHENG, J. M., L. HISCOE, S. L. POLLOCK, P. HASSELBACK, J. L. GARDY, and R. PARKER. "A clonal outbreak of tuberculosis in a homeless population in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, 2008–2015." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 15 (May 28, 2015): 3220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000825.

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SUMMARYA tuberculosis (TB) case was reported May 2008 in Kelowna, British Columbia, leading to a multi-year outbreak in homeless persons. The epidemiological characteristics and social networks of cases are described. Outbreak-related cases were identified from epidemiological information in medical records and from genotyping of TB isolates. Social network information from case interviews were used to identify potential locations of TB transmission, where symptom screening and tuberculin skin testing was conducted. Fifty-two cases that were predominantly male (47/52), Canadian-born (44/50), and were homeless or associated with homeless individuals (42/52) were reported from May 2008 to May 2014. Many isolates (40/49) had partial resistance to isoniazid. Transmission primarily occurred at two homeless shelters, with potential further transmission at sites visited by the general population. TB outbreaks in homeless populations can occur in small, low-incidence cities. Social network information helped prioritize sites for TB screening, thereby improving detection of persons with TB disease or latent infection for treatment.

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Aikins Amoako, Asiama, Lam Ka Wang Kelvin, and Zhong Hua. "Chase out or unfortunate coping strategy? Analysis of urban settlement of the homeless addicts at public parks." Journal of Addiction Therapy and Research 5, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 020–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jatr.1001018.

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Extant studies have labelled persons-with-addiction and the homeless as ‘invaders’ of public parks, aggressive/violent with psychiatric and medical disorders, a burden to the society, and transmitters of most deadly airborne or chronic diseases. Literature subtly discuses that such people must be chased out of the public. Yet, such studies have not concurrently analyzed from the viewpoint of urban parks users, the persons-with-addiction and the homeless people what needs to be done to improve the situation. Therefore, the study aims to explore whether problematic communities and subcultural factors make the disadvantaged resort to negative copping strategies when their legal means are blocked: how the other park users respond to the homeless drug addicts’ hardship: and the possible suggestions from all the park users. This is done with reference to social disorganization and Sub-culture theory, and through ethnographic research approach (8 months field observation) and in-depth-interviews with 27 participants. Our study found that persons-with-addiction and the homeless are not always aggressive/violent/harmful as they have been labelled. But only disadvantaged individuals who desire to emulate the ideals and ambitions of the middle class but lack resources to achieve such success. Being overwhelmed with such frustrations from their dilemmas, they consider themselves ‘double-failures’ and retreat into drug addiction and find abode in the public spaces. We therefore conclude that persons with addiction and the homeless people are not always violent and criminal persons who are to be chased out of public parks. But only disadvantaged individuals who need help for choosing a negative coping strategy.

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McNeil, Ryan, and Manal Guirguis-Younger. "Illicit drug use as a challenge to the delivery of end-of-life care services to homeless persons: Perceptions of health and social services professionals." Palliative Medicine 26, no. 4 (April 4, 2011): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216311402713.

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Homeless persons tend to die younger than the housed population and have complex, often unmet, end-of-life care needs. High levels of illicit drug use among this population are a particular challenge for health and social services professionals involved in end-of-life care services delivery. This article explores the challenges of end-of-life care services to homeless illicit drug users based on data collected during a national study on end-of-life care services delivery to homeless persons in Canada. The authors conducted qualitative interviews with 50 health and social services professionals involved in health services delivery to homeless persons in five cities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Themes were organised into two domains. First, barriers preventing homeless illicit drug users from accessing end-of-life care services, such as competing priorities (e.g. withdrawal management), lack of trust in healthcare providers and discrimination. Second, challenges to end-of-life care services delivery to this population in health and social care settings, including non-disclosure of illicit drug use, pain and symptom management, interruptions in care, and lack of experience with addictions. The authors identify a need for increased research on the role of harm reduction in end-of-life care settings to address these challenges.

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Sukhanova, Tatyana Vasilievna. "Interdepartmental interaction in social support of persons without a fixed place of residenc." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2009-03.

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Persons without a fixed place of residence currently constitute a certain social group, characterized by a constant growing trend, in particular, due to persons released from prison, which increases its social risk, expressed in the potential environment for crimes, social danger, as well as the degradation of an individual as a whole. The activities of state institutions of the social support system for homeless persons are primarily related to the restoration of a person's status in various fields, including in the legal sphere in the form of restoration of lost documents and in the labor sphere — job search. The solution to these problems involves the inclusion in social support of non-governmental organizations that have low requirements for the status of homeless people and assume work on their «territory», which implies the complete absence of any barriers. In this regard, it is necessary to develop intersectoral interaction between the state and the non-profit sector in the system of social support for people without a fixed place of residence.

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Sumerlin, John R., and C. M. Bundrick. "Research on Homeless Men and Women: Existential-Humanistic and Clinical Thinking." Psychological Reports 80, no. 3_suppl (June 1997): 1303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3c.1303.

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Researchers interested in homeless persons have concentrated on disease, overlooking assets. The content of this paper challenges researchers to a more comprehensive view of homeless samples to include mental wellness. Recommendations for research are suggested.

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Rosnow, Mark J., Toni Shaw, and Clare Stapleton Concord. "Listening to the homeless: A study of homeless mentally ill persons in Milwaukee." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 9, no. 4 (1986): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099148.

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Segan, Catherine Jane, Sarah Maddox, and Ron Borland. "Homeless Clients Benefit From Smoking Cessation Treatment Delivered by a Homeless Persons’ Program." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 17, no. 8 (July 15, 2015): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv062.

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Ly, Tran Duc Anh, Linda Hadjadj, Van Thuan Hoang, Ndiaw Goumbala, Thi Loi Dao, Sekene Badiaga, Herve Tissot-Dupont, et al. "Enteric pathogenic bacteria and resistance gene carriage in the homeless population in Marseille, France." Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 68, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/030.2021.01346.

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AbstractWe aimed to assess the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and resistance genes in rectal samples collected among homeless persons in Marseille, France. In February 2014 we enrolled 114 sheltered homeless adults who completed questionnaires and had rectal samples collected. Eight types of enteric bacteria and 15 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were sought by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed directly on rectal samples. ARG-positive samples were further tested by conventional PCR and sequencing. We evidenced a 17.5% prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, a 9.6% prevalence of enteric pathogenic bacteria carriage, including Escherichia coli pathotypes (8.7%) and Tropheryma whipplei (0.9%). Only 2 persons carried blaCTX-M-15 resistance genes (1.8%), while other genes, including carbapenemase-encoding genes and colistin-resistance genes, (mcr-1 to mcr-6, mcr-8) were not detected. Our results suggest that sheltered homeless persons in Marseille do not have a high risk of harbouring gastrointestinal antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Journal articles on the topic 'Homeless persons'

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