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Journal articles on the topic 'Homeless persons and violence'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Gilmoor, Andrew, Smriti Vallath, Barbara Regeer, and Joske Bunders. "“If somebody could just understand what I am going through, it would make all the difference”: Conceptualizations of trauma in homeless populations experiencing severe mental illness." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 455–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520909613.

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Exposure to violence, vulnerability due to lack of shelter, alienation due to stigma, the experiences of severe mental illness (SMI) and subsequent institutionalization, make homeless persons with SMI uniquely susceptible to trauma exposure and subsequent mental health consequences. This study aims to contribute to the development of culturally sensitive interventions for identifying and treating trauma in a population of homeless persons with SMI in Tamil Nadu, India by understanding the manifestations of trauma and its associated consequences in this population. Free-listing exercises followed by in-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 26 user-survivors who have experienced homelessness or were at risk of homelessness, and suffered from SMI. Topics explored included events considered to be traumatic, pathways to trauma, associated emotional, physical and social complaints, and coping strategies. Results indicate discrepancies in classification of traumatic events between user-survivors and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Traumatic experiences, particularly relating to social relationships and poverty, mentioned by user-survivors did not match traditional conceptualizations of trauma. Positive coping strategies for trauma included being mentally strong, knowledge and awareness, whereas the main negative coping strategy is avoidance. User-survivors attributed their experiences of homelessness and SMI to past traumas. Differing views of trauma between user-survivors and mental health professionals can lead to misdiagnosis and under-recognition of trauma in this population of homeless persons with SMI.

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Leffers,, Jeanne, and Diane C. Martins,. "Journey to Compassion: Meeting Vulnerable Populations in Community Health Nursing Through Literature." International Journal of Human Caring 8, no. 1 (February 2004): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.8.1.21.

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While community health nursing educators encourage undergraduate nursing students to become competent in their ability to provide care for vulnerable and diverse population groups, often students remain disconnected from compassion for such groups. The authors, community health nursing educators, developed an innovative assignment designed to create opportunities for students to increase compassion for persons who comprise vulnerable population groups, to value aesthetics for nursing practice, and to increase respect for cultural diversity. Students develop their ability to use artful caring for their nursing practice in community settings through an assignment that uses published literature to facilitate caring compassion for the struggles of various vulnerable groups such as the poor, homeless, immigrants, and victims of violence.

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Muhammad, Abdullahi, and Mustapha Abdullahi. "Seeing the End from the Beginning: The Plights of Children’s Education in the Conflict-Affected Areas in Katsina State, Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Sociology, Education, and Development 4, no. 1 (July 10, 2022): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52483/ijsed.v4i1.57.

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A qualitative study examined children's educational and health well-being in areas affected by armed violence. Coordinated attacks on some villages and communities in Katsina State had rendered thousands of people homeless while some infants became orphans. The study was carried out in some designated Internally Displaced Camps in the seven most affected Local Government Areas in Katsina State. The researchers explored three qualitative data collection techniques in the study and elicited data from the field. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with camp officials, In-Depth Interviews were conducted with parents of the children aged 0-8 years taking refuge in the camps, and a non-participant observation method was used to observe the behaviour of the targeted children. The study revealed that children uprooted from their various villages were in dire need of assistance, particularly food, shelter, and medical attention. Also, there was no provision for temporary early childhood education services for the children who were supposed to be in school. Children traumatized by the gravity of the armed violence exhibit some elements of psychological disorder and difficulty in integrating with other displaced persons in the Camps and outsiders. The study concluded that children left without education at the most critical stage of life might become threats to society because they will grow without the requisite formal education that would enable them to become valuable members of their society.

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Mattos, Carine Magalhães Zanchi de, Patrícia Krieger Grossi, Fernando Riegel, Margarita Ana Rubin Unicovsky, Francielli Girardi, and Maria Da Graça Oliveira Crossetti. "Percepções de idosos em situação de rua acerca do processo de envelhecimento." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 36 (December 15, 2021): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.36.241-255.

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Conhecer as percepções de idosos em situação de rua sobre o processo de envelhecimento. Qualitativa do tipo descritiva e exploratória realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram 19 idosos em situação de rua localizados no município de Porto Alegre. A coleta dos dados ocorreu de outubro de 2015 a janeiro de 2016 e foram realizadas em acolhimentos sociais e em via pública. Para análise, utilizou-se a técnica de análise textual discursiva. Evidenciou-se as categorias de análise: o envelhecimento nas ruas, agravos na saúde física e mental e repercussões no trabalho. As trajetórias de violência, vulnerabilidades e destituição de direitos fundamentais são retratadas nas vivências de idosos que sobrevivem à margem da sociedade. Envelhecer em situação de rua expõe os idosos a condições sub-humanas impactando nas condições sociais, de saúde e vida, requerendo políticas públicas resolutivas para o cuidado humano aos idosos.Descritores: Envelhecimento, Saúde do Idoso, Qualidade de Vida, Pessoas em Situação de Rua, Enfermagem. Perceptions of homeless elderly people about the aging processAbstract: Knowing the perceptions of homeless elderly people about the aging process. Descriptive and exploratory qualitative study conducted through semi-structured interview. Nineteen homeless elderly people located in the city of Porto Alegre participated. Data collection took place from October 2015 to January 2016 and were carried out in social shelters and on public roads. For analysis, the discursive textual analysis technique was used. The categories of analysis were highlighted: aging on the streets, damage to physical and mental health and repercussions at work. The trajectories of violence, vulnerabilities and deprivation of fundamental rights are portrayed in the experiences of elderly people who survive on the margins of society. Aging on the streets exposes the elderly to sub-human conditions, impacting social, health and life conditions, requiring resolute public policies for the humane care of the elderly.Descriptors: Aging, Elderly Health, Quality of Life, Homeless People, Nursing. Percepciones de las personas mayores sin hogar sobre el proceso de envejecimientoResumen: Conocer las percepciones de las personas mayores sin hogar sobre el proceso de envejecimiento. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo y exploratorio realizado mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Participaron diecinueve ancianos sin hogar ubicados en la ciudad de Porto Alegre. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo desde octubre de 2015 hasta enero de 2016 y se llevó a cabo en albergues sociales y en la vía pública. Para el análisis se utilizó la técnica de análisis textual discursivo. Se destacaron las categorías de análisis: envejecimiento en la calle, daño a la salud física y mental y repercusiones en el trabajo. Las trayectorias de violencia, vulnerabilidades y privación de derechos fundamentales se retratan en las vivencias de las personas mayores que sobreviven al margen de la sociedad. El envejecimiento en las calles expone a las personas mayores a condiciones infrahumanas, impactando las condiciones sociales, de salud y de vida, requiriendo políticas públicas decididas para el cuidado humano de las personas mayores.Descriptores: Envejecimiento, Salud del Anciano, Calidad de Vida, Personas sin Hogar, Enfermería.

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Maia, Luiz Faustino dos Santos, Ana Maria Sanches, and Cidia Vasconcellos. "Transtornos mentais mais encontrados nas pessoas em situação de rua." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 12, no. 40 (December 20, 2022): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2022.12.40.274-279.

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O objetivo deste estudo é descrever a partir da literatura os transtornos mentais mais encontrados nas pessoas em situação de rua. Para o desenvolvimento empregou-se como recurso metodológico, a revisão da literatura, o levantamento das publicações ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro e maio de 2022, nas bases de dados da SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, utilizando os seguintes descritores: pessoa em situação de rua, problema mental, transtorno mental. A quantidade de pessoas vivendo em situação de rua no Brasil vem crescendo de forma tão significativa, um fenômeno nada restrito às grandes e médias cidades. Vários os fatores que podem levar uma pessoa a morar na rua, dentre eles, os transtornos mentais, violência, drogas, situação econômica ou mesmo a dificuldade para se inserir no mercado de trabalho. Entender essa população, suas particularidades não resolve o enigma da desigualdade e exclusão social. A pesquisa pode ser uma porta, como construção de conhecimento e denúncia social, permitindo a visibilidade dessa situação, promovendo ações ou provocando discussões no sentido de estabelecer políticas públicas resolutivas para as injustiças sociais. Descritores: Pessoa em Situação de Rua, Transtorno Mental, Exclusão Social. Mental disorders most found in homeless people Abstract: The objective of this study is to describe, from the literature, the mental disorders most found in homeless people. For the development, the literature review, the survey of publications took place between the months of January and May 2022, in the SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC databases, using the following descriptors: person in a situation of street, mental problem, mental disorder. The number of people living on the streets in Brazil has been growing significantly, a phenomenon not restricted to large and medium-sized cities. There are several factors that can lead a person to live on the street, including mental disorders, violence, drugs, economic situation or even difficulty entering the job market. Understanding this population, its particularities, does not solve the enigma of inequality and social exclusion. Research can be a door, as a construction of knowledge and social denouncement, allowing the visibility of this situation, promoting actions or provoking discussions in order to establish resolving public policies for social injustices. Descriptors: Homeless Person, Mental Disorder, Social Exclusion. Trastornos mentales más encontrados en personas sin hogar Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es describir, a partir de la literatura, los trastornos mentales más encontrados en personas sin hogar. Para el desarrollo, la revisión bibliográfica, se realizó el levantamiento de publicaciones entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2022, en las bases de datos SCIELO, LATINDEX, REDALYC, utilizando los siguientes descriptores: persona en situación de calle, problema mental, trastorno mental. El número de personas que viven en la calle en Brasil viene creciendo significativamente, un fenómeno que no se limita a las ciudades grandes y medianas. Son varios los factores que pueden llevar a una persona a vivir en la calle, entre ellos los trastornos mentales, la violencia, las drogas, la situación económica o incluso la dificultad para acceder al mercado laboral. Entender a esta población, sus particularidades, no resuelve el enigma de la desigualdad y la exclusión social. La investigación puede ser una puerta, como construcción de conocimiento y denuncia social, que permita visibilizar esta situación, promoviendo acciones o provocando discusiones para establecer políticas públicas resolutivas de las injusticias sociales. Descriptores: Persona Sin Hogar, Trastorno Mental, Exclusión Social.

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Weaver, John C. "Social Control, Martial Conformity, and Community Entanglement." Articles 19, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017679ar.

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The aim of this inquiry into the composition and conduct of the Hamilton police force in the early twentieth century is to indicate the merit of certain historical criticisms of policing while modifying them with evidence about inefficiency and inconcistency in the performance of social control measures as well as evidence of positive activities in the area of social services. The city police were called upon to enforce moral order by religious and elite groups; they were asked to be domestic missionaries. However, their working-class origins and the temptations encountered on the beat made them inconsistent if not indefferent enforcers of morality. When required to protect private property during strikes, they did so but lacked the resources to be an effective complement to the strike-breaking measures of large concerns. Although their very presence may have deterred crime, their actual crime prevention and detection activities were ineffectual. They performed other urban functions: enforcing bylaws and statutes that dealt with everything from the regulation of trade to public health, looking for missing persons, returning lost children, operating a hostel for the homeless, and dealing with assorted situations of potential and actual violence. The police had the most varied and sensitive duties of all urban-service professionals, but were the least well trained and educated.

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7

Westendorp, Ingrid. "Housing Rights and Related Facilities for Female Refugees and Internally Displaced Women." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 19, no. 4 (December 2001): 403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405190101900403.

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For various reasons, but mostly because of violence, millions of people all over the world have been forced to leave their homes and are looking for security and shelter elsewhere. They have either crossed a border, and are called refugees, or they have remained within their own country and are known as internally displaced persons (IDPs). The crossing of a border is important, since this has several legal and practical implications. In general, the level of assistance for IDPs is on a lower scale. The majority of the refugees and IDPs consists of women and children. Homeless women are very vulnerable. They are especially prone to rape and sexual abuse. Moreover, sexual discriminatory practices may take place with regard to the distribution of food, goods and services. When they are housed in emergency camps and shelters, relief workers, international organisations and host countries should be made aware of these special needs and circumstances. Once awareness is created, solutions must be found. Several recommendations are made, some of them consisting of pragmatic measures, like illumination at night and sex segregated latrines and washing facilities. Since both UNHCR and the Special Rapporteur on IDPs have acknowledged the special plight of women, and both mechanisms have analysed the specific problems, much attention is paid to their findings.

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Nikolic-Ristanovic, Vesna. "Scope, forms, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation in Serbia during COVID-19 pandemic." Temida 24, no. 2 (2021): 143–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem2102143n.

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This paper aims to analyse the scope, forms, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation in Serbia during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as factors that influenced it. In this paper, the notions of victim and victimisation are used in their largest sense, so that the paper deals with a large scope of victimising events and victims - from (direct and indirect) victimisation by virus COVID-19 and the inadequate reaction of the state, to the criminal victimisation and violation/restrictions of human rights. The particularly difficult situation of, in a socio-economic sense, especially vulnerable groups, such as migrants and asylum seekers, street children, Roma, homeless, older people, single parents, persons located in closed institutions (prisons and social welfare institutions), and victims of violence (in family and during civil protests against state?s response to the pandemic) is stressed. After the introduction, the overview of the development of pandemic in Serbia during 2020 and the measures taken for its suppression is given. After that, the scope, forms and trends of victimisation are analysed based on police statistics and other available data. Finally, characteristics and new patterns of victimisation that appeared in the conditions of the pandemic are analysed. In the conclusion, the main factors of victimisation during the pandemic are outlined. Special emphasis is put on the lack of adequate databases relevant for appropriate response both to COVID-19 and crime, as well as on shortcomings of state response to the pandemic. The paper ends with recommendations for state actions relevant for victims in conditions of pandemic and similar crisis situations.

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9

Wrenn, Keith. "Foot Problems in Homeless Persons." Annals of Internal Medicine 113, no. 8 (October 15, 1990): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-8-567.

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10

BRICKNER, PHILIP W. "Homeless Persons and Health Care." Annals of Internal Medicine 104, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-3-405.

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11

Lynch, Philip. "The Homeless Persons' Legal Clinic." Alternative Law Journal 27, no. 1 (February 2002): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0202700109.

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12

Bowdler, Jo Ensign, and Lorna Mill Barrell. "Health Needs of Homeless Persons." Public Health Nursing 4, no. 3 (September 1987): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.1987.tb00529.x.

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Goeman, D. P. "A PROGRAM FOR HOMELESS PERSONS." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (June 30, 2017): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.2625.

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14

Levy, Bruce D., and James J. O'Connell. "Health Care for Homeless Persons." New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 23 (June 3, 2004): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmp038222.

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Bucher, Scott J., Philip W. Brickner, and Richard L. Vincent. "Influenzalike Illness Among Homeless Persons." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 7 (July 2006): 1162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1207.060217.

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Simon, Anna Brown, and Zane Robinson Wolf. "Mini-Ethnography and Case Studies on Homeless Persons’ Primary Care Needs in an Urban Community." International Journal for Human Caring 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/humancaring-d-21-00003.

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Homeless persons struggle to access healthcare services and obtain resources to meet basic needs. This study used mini-ethnography, case study, and survey to describe primary care needs of homeless persons in two Pennsylvania cities. Data were obtained using participant observation, field notes, surveys, and document analysis. Five homeless persons and four community volunteers were interviewed. Homeless persons had some options for obtaining primary care services. It was difficult to take prescribed medications and acquire preventive services. Their symptoms often went unattended. Dedicated community volunteers and community agencies assisted homeless persons to obtain basic needs and healthcare services.

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West, Keri J., Brittany Wrobel, Stefania Pallotta, and Alex Coatsworth. "Bearing Witness: Exploring the End-of-Life Needs of Homeless Persons and Barriers to Appropriate Care." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 82, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222818801150.

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Traditional models of palliative care are largely inaccessible to homeless persons, and their preferences regarding end-of-life care are poorly understood. The purpose of the present scoping review is to summarize the burgeoning gray and academic literature on end-of-life care for homeless persons. Five medical databases, seven social science databases, and four gray literature databases were searched, resulting in 57 relevant titles. Six themes emerged: (a) Characteristics of homeless persons who require end-of-life care; (b) preferences and concerns of homeless persons approaching the end of life; (c) the role of spirituality for homeless persons at the end of life; (d) barriers to care at the patient, provider, and institutional or structural levels; (e) inclusive models of palliative care; and (f) implications for policy and practice. Practitioners and homeless persons must negotiate many obstacles in the provision and receipt of palliative care. However, there is tremendous potential and opportunity to improve the quality of life at the end of life for this vulnerable population.

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Barak, Yoram, Asnat Cohen, and Dov Aizenberg. "Suicide Among the Homeless." Crisis 25, no. 2 (March 2004): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.2.51.

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Summary: Background: Among the homeless there are high rates of mortality and a significant number of attempted and completed suicides. In Tel-Aviv, Israel, there is an ongoing municipal outreach program for the homeless. Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe the subgroup of homeless persons who had died by suicide. Method: Over a 9-year period the records of each homeless person who had died were assessed by two psychiatrists and a clinical criminologist. The project was undertaken in a large city and was feasible due to close cooperation between the municipal welfare department and mental health consultants. Results: Of the 1,192 homeless persons located and contacted, 156 persons had died (13.1%). Nine of the deaths were by completed suicide (5.8%). All were male. Mean age for the suicide subgroup was 34±8.7 years, significantly younger than those who died of other causes (p < .01). The majority had completed high school education. While the majority of deaths were drug or alcohol related, in only 1 of 9 deaths by suicide was there a history of drug abuse. Psychiatric comorbidity was recorded in 4 of the 9 persons. The majority of persons (6/9) had died of suicide by hanging. Conclusion: Suicide is not a negligible cause of death among the homeless population.

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Wood, David, and Linda Davis. "Delivering Health Care to Homeless Persons." Nurse Practitioner 18, no. 2 (February 1993): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-199302000-00016.

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De Vries, Sabina, Gerald A. Juhnke, and Cherie Trahan Keene. "PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Childhood Abuse: Gender Differences among a Homeless Sample." Journal for Social Action in Counseling and Psychology 10, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/jsacp.10.2.2-15.

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The current study examined the potential relationship between homelessness, gender, and occurrence of Post-Traumatic Distress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD. Participants were 90 homeless persons from shelters located in a large, South Central Texas, metropolitan city of approximately 1.9 million persons. The study found that homeless participants reported high levels of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. Homeless women reported higher rates of childhood abuse and were affected by PTSD at a higher frequency than homeless males. PTSD, Complex PTSD, and traumatic experiences such as childhood abuse appear to be contributing factors to homelessness. Results suggest the need for increased advocacy among counseling and psychology professionals is warranted for homeless persons experiencing PTSD.

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Wenzel, Suzanne L. "Length of time spent homeless: Implications for employment of homeless persons." Journal of Community Psychology 20, no. 1 (January 1992): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6629(199201)20:1<57::aid-jcop2290200108>3.0.co;2-o.

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Clarke, Pamela N., Nancy Chung Pendiy, and Yeoun Soo Kim. "Patterns of Violence in Homeless Women." Western Journal of Nursing Research 19, no. 4 (August 1997): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394599701900405.

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Nash, Woods, Sandra J. Mixer, Polly M. McArthur, and Annette Mendola. "The moral courage of nursing students who complete advance directives with homeless persons." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 7 (August 3, 2016): 743–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015583926.

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Background: Homeless persons in the United States have disproportionately high rates of illness, injury, and mortality and tend to believe that the quality of their end-of-life care will be poor. No studies were found as to whether nurses or nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons or members of any other demographic complete advance directives. Research hypothesis: We hypothesized that baccalaureate nursing students require moral courage to help homeless persons complete advance directives. Moral courage was defined as a trait of a person or an action that overcomes fears or other challenges to achieve something of great moral worth. Research design: The hypothesis was investigated through a qualitative descriptive study. Aside from the pre-selection of a single variable to study (i.e. moral courage), our investigation was a naturalistic inquiry with narrative hues insofar as it attended to specific words and phrases in the data that were associated with that variable. Participants and research context: A total of 15 baccalaureate nursing students at a public university in the United States responded to questionnaires that sought to elicit fears and other challenges that they both expected to experience and actually experienced while helping homeless persons complete advance directives at a local, non-profit service agency. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Internal Review Board of the authors’ university, and each participant signed an informed consent form, which stated that the study involved no reasonably foreseeable risks and that participation was voluntary. Findings: Before meeting with homeless persons, participants reported that they expected to experience two fears and a challenge: fear of behaving in ways that a homeless person would deem inappropriate, fear of discussing a homeless person’s dying and death, and the challenge of adequately conveying the advance directive’s meaning and accurately recording a homeless person’s end-of-life wishes. In contrast, after their meetings with homeless persons, relatively few participants reported having encountered those obstacles. So, while participants required moral courage to assist homeless persons with advance directives, they required greater moral courage as they anticipated their meetings than during those meetings. Discussion: Our study breaks new ground at the intersection of nursing, moral courage, and advance directives. It might also have important implications for how to improve the training that US nursing students receive before they provide this service. Conclusion: Our results cannot be generalized, but portions of our approach are likely to be transferable to similar social contexts. For example, because homeless persons are misunderstood and marginalized throughout the United States, our design for training nursing students to provide this service is also likely to be useful across the United States. Internationally, however, it is not yet known whether our participants’ fears and the challenge they faced are also experienced by those who assist homeless persons or members of other vulnerable populations in documenting healthcare wishes.

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Menon1, Sarada, Jayakumar Menon, and P. Poornachandrika. "Deinstitutionalization and The Homeless Mentally Ill." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 3, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/ijmhns.2020.v3.i1.63.

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According to the Oxford dictionary “Institution” is an important public body, a home providing care for people with special needs and ‘institutionalise’ is placing such persons in a residential institution. In the context of the topic being discussed, institution is a home for persons with special needs and similarly institutionalisation is placing the persons with serious mental illness, whether acute, subacute or chronic. Deinstitutionalisation is increasingly being projected as the most needed reform in the mental health care by many experts in our country, but the implications of this merit’s critical evaluation.

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Menon, Sarada, Jayakumar Menon, and P. Poornachandrika. "Deinstitutionalization and The Homeless Mentally Ill." INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES 3, no. 01 (January 1, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32746/10.32746/ijmhns.2020.v3.i1.63.

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According to the Oxford dictionary “Institution” is an important public body, a home providing care for people with special needs and ‘institutionalise’ is placing such persons in a residential institution. In the context of the topic being discussed, institution is a home for persons with special needs and similarly institutionalisation is placing the persons with serious mental illness, whether acute, subacute or chronic. Deinstitutionalisation is increasingly being projected as the most needed reform in the mental health care by many experts in our country, but the implications of this merit’s critical evaluation.

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Agans, Robert P., Malcolm T. Jefferson, James M. Bowling, Donglin Zeng, Jenny Yang, and Mark Silverbush. "Enumerating the Hidden Homeless: Strategies to Estimate the Homeless Gone Missing From a Point-in-Time Count." Journal of Official Statistics 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2014-0014.

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Abstract To receive federal homeless funds, communities are required to produce statistically reliable, unduplicated counts or estimates of homeless persons in sheltered and unsheltered locations during a one-night period (within the last ten days of January) called a point-in-time (PIT) count. In Los Angeles, a general population telephone survey was implemented to estimate the number of unsheltered homeless adults who are hidden from view during the PIT count. Two estimation approaches were investigated: i) the number of homeless persons identified as living on private property, which employed a conventional household weight for the estimated total (Horvitz-Thompson approach); and ii) the number of homeless persons identified as living on a neighbor’s property, which employed an additional adjustment derived from the size of the neighborhood network to estimate the total (multiplicity-based approach). This article compares the results of these two methods and discusses the implications therein.

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27

James, Franklin J. "Counting homeless persons with surveys of users of services for the homeless." Housing Policy Debate 2, no. 3 (January 1991): 733–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.1991.9521071.

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Biederman, Donna J., Julia C. Gamble, Sally Wilson, Laura K. Duff, Erin Bristow, and Laura M. Wiederhoeft. "Transitional Care for Homeless Persons: An Opportunity for Nursing Leadership, Innovation, and Creativity." Creative Nursing 22, no. 2 (2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.22.2.76.

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Homelessness in the United States is decreasing. However, homeless persons exhibit high levels of illness and frequently move between institutional and community settings. These moves are complicated by a complex health care and service industry landscape that is often difficult to navigate. In this article, we describe an innovative transitional care program for homeless persons that augments nurse-led transitional care with community health workers who provide accompaniment and linkage to services for program participants. This model offers promise in surmounting the myriad structural barriers to health and health care that many homeless persons in our communities routinely face.

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Perkins, Ignatius. "Caring for Homeless Persons Living with AIDS." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 3, no. 4 (2003): 747–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq2003349.

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Boesveldt, Nienke Fredrika. "Denying homeless persons access to municipal support." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 12, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-01-2018-0005.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the denial of social support to homeless persons and related societal effects of new local governance arrangements. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of new data and secondary evaluative and comparative data on the policies, administrative structures and management styles of Copenhagen, Glasgow and Amsterdam have brought better understanding of the elements of local governance arrangements that influence the number of homeless persons who are denied access to services and the number of persons sleeping rough who are not eligible for social support. Theoretical explanations for the impact of governance arrangements on these processes and societal effects are considered. Findings It appears that while the body of research, reports and policy documents on non-eligibility for homelessness services is growing, legal responses at best remain vague, and policies are still in the process of being developed. Modest progress on policy goals, and even more so on policy instruments, leading to less detrimental outcomes, can be explained by centralising and decentralising trends and the relationships between state and society. The latter may also be indicative of how the increased focus on the legal problems of some EU migrants can be explained. Research limitations/implications The two points in time documented for the case studies are relevant in understanding processes underlying the current circumstances of homeless persons and homeless migrants and offer an interdisciplinary insight into governance and politics, law, and public and health service perspectives. Social implications Good policy practice, as this paper shows, can lead to a difference in individual lives. Originality/value Much is unknown about considerations inside government. This paper contributes by combining theoretical and insider perspectives.

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Blankertz, Laura E., Ram A. Cnaan, Kalma White, Jim Fox, and Karlyn Messinger. "Outreach Efforts with Dually Diagnosed Homeless Persons." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 71, no. 7 (September 1990): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949007100701.

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Bachrach, Leona L. "The Media and Homeless Mentally Ill Persons." Psychiatric Services 41, no. 9 (September 1990): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.41.9.963.

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Wong, Yin-Ling Irene, and Irving Piliavin. "Stressors, resources, and distress among homeless persons:." Social Science & Medicine 52, no. 7 (April 2001): 1029–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00209-4.

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Cohen, Barbara E., Nancy Chapman, and Martha R. Burt. "Food sources and intake of homeless persons." Journal of Nutrition Education 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 45S—51S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(12)80139-7.

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Morton, Larry G., Renee M. Cunningham-Williams, and Giovanina Gardiner. "Volunteerism Among Homeless Persons With Developmental Disabilities." Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2010): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15367100903526070.

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Berlin, Nancy. "The mental health needs of homeless persons." Children and Youth Services Review 11, no. 1 (January 1989): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-7409(89)90011-x.

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Győrffy, Zsuzsa, Sándor Békási, Bence Döbrössy, Virág Katalin Bognár, Nóra Radó, Emília Morva, Szabolcs Zsigri, Péter Tari, and Edmond Girasek. "Exploratory attitude survey of homeless persons regarding telecare services in shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation: The importance of trust." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): e0261145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261145.

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Background With the expansion of digital health, it is imperative to consider intervention techniques in order not to be the cause of even more social health inequalities in underserved populations struggling with chronic diseases. Telemedicine solutions for homeless persons might compensate for shortcomings in access to valuable health services in different settings. The main aim of our research was to examine the attitudes and openness of homeless persons regarding telecare on a Hungarian sample. Methods Quantitative survey among homeless people (n = 98) was completed in 4 shelters providing mid- and long-term accommodation in Budapest, Hungary. Attitudes regarding healthcare service accessibility and telecare were measured by a self-developed questionnaire of the research team. Telecare attitude comparison was made with data of a Hungarian weighted reference group of non-homeless persons recruited from 2 primary care units (n = 110). Results A significant fraction of homeless people with mid- or long-term residency in homeless shelters did not oppose the use of telecare via live online video consultation and there was no difference compared to the national reference group (averages of 3.09 vs. 3.15, respectively). Results of the homeless group indicate that those more satisfied with healthcare services, in general, manifest more openness to telecare. It is clearly demonstrated by the multivariate analysis that those participants in the homeless group who had problems getting health care in the last year definitely preferred in-person doctor-patient consultations. Conclusion Digital health technologies offer a potentially important new pathway for the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions among homeless persons. Based on the attitudes towards telecare, initiating an on-site telecare program for mid- and long-term residents of homeless shelters might enable better care continuity. Our results draw attention to the key factors including building trust in the implementation of such programs among underserved and other vulnerable patient groups.

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Barnes, Jessica, Larry Segars, Jason Wasserman, Patrick Karabon, and Tracey A. Taylor. "611. Infectious Disease Management of Homeless and Non-Homeless Populations in United States Emergency Departments." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.805.

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Abstract Background Studies have long documented the increased emergency department usage in the United States by homeless persons compared to their housed counterparts, as well as an increased overall prevalence of infectious diseases. However, there is a gap in knowledge on the treatment that homeless persons receive for these infectious diseases within United States emergency departments compared to their housed counterparts. This study seeks to understand this potential difference in treatment, including diagnostic services tested, procedures performed, and medications prescribed. Methods This study utilized a retrospective, cohort study design to analyze data from the 2007-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) database. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was used to compare variables, including diagnostic services, procedures, and medication classes prescribed between homeless and private residence individuals seeking emergency department treatment for infectious diseases. This provided an odds ratio to compare the two populations, which was then adjusted for confounding variables. Results Compared to private residence individuals, homeless persons were more likely (OR: 10.99, p< 0.05, CI: 1.08-111.40) to receive sutures or staples when presenting with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments. Compared to private residence persons, homeless individuals were less likely (OR: 0.29, p< 0.05, CI: 0.10-0.87) to be provided medications or immunizations when presenting with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments, and significant differences were detected in prescribing habits of multiple medication classes. Conclusion This study detected a significant difference in suturing/stapling and medication prescribing patterns for homeless persons with an infectious disease in United States emergency departments, compared to their housed counterparts. These results provide a platform for continual research. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Jagpal, Parbir, Nigel Barnes, Richard Lowrie, Amitava Banerjee, and Vibhu Paudyal. "Clinical Pharmacy Intervention for Persons Experiencing Homelessness: Evaluation of Patient Perspectives in Service Design and Development." Pharmacy 7, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7040153.

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Persons experiencing homelessness have a high prevalence of severe mental health problems, alcohol dependence, substance misuse and infectious hepatitis C, and face up to twelve times higher mortality rates compared to the general population. They also face barriers to accessing healthcare. However, clinical pharmacy services are currently not available to homeless populations in England. The aim of this study was to conduct public involvement sessions with persons experiencing homelessness with a view to inform the design of patient-centred clinical pharmacy healthcare services. Qualitative methodology was used, using a focus group with homeless persons from emergency shelters and one to one engagement with those sleeping rough, using a topic guide. A total of nine homeless persons took part—seven males and two females. The participants of the sessions said that patient-centred clinical pharmacy services delivered for homeless persons would address many of their unmet needs around access to medicines, their understanding of prescribed medicines and holistic management of their health. The service would be able to make a positive impact on their health outcomes by screening for health conditions, facilitating better integration across services, referral and liaison with other services, and minimising misuse of prescribed medicines. The findings of this study will be used to inform the development, implementation and evaluation of a patient-centred clinical pharmacy service tailored to meet the specific needs of the homeless population.

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White, S. E. "Health Care Services and Homeless People: The Missing Link." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00038.

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The paper describes an effective and innovative model of referral and service provision, which has been developed collaboratively between the Royal District Nursing Service Homeless Persons' Program and four inner urban public hospitals. The aim of the Royal District Nursing Service (RDNS) Homeless Persons Program (HPP) is twofold: to provide high quality, holistic health care to homeless people and to improve their access to the mainstream public health system. Our fundamental belief is that health is both a personal resource and a human right. The experience of homelessness impacts directly on physical, emotional and social wellbeing, resulting in a perpetual cycle of ill health and transience. Traditionally, homeless people have met with significant difficulties when accessing mainstream health systems. In 1991, the RDNS Homeless Persons' Program began to develop formal policies and protocols with a public hospital emergency department, in relation to the care and discharge planning of homeless people. This collaborative model of referral and continuity has since been refined and replicated in three other inner urban public hospitals. It now forms the basis of an effective, integrated network that acts to improve not only the quality of care offered by the hospitals, but more importantly, the quality of life experienced by the homeless people involved.

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Robrecht, Linda C., and Debra G. Anderson. "Interpersonal Violence and the Pregnant Homeless Woman." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 27, no. 6 (November 1998): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02639.x.

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Gully, Kevin J., Shane Koller, and Allan D. Ainsworth. "Exposure of Homeless Children to Family Violence." Journal of Emotional Abuse 2, no. 4 (December 2001): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j135v02n04_03.

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Tyler, Kimberly A., Lisa A. Melander, and HarmoniJoie Noel. "Bidirectional Partner Violence Among Homeless Young Adults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 6 (June 3, 2008): 1014–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260508319364.

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Ivers, Jo-Hanna, Lina Zgaga, Bernie O’Donoghue-Hynes, Aisling Heary, Brian Gallwey, and Joe Barry. "Five-year standardised mortality ratios in a cohort of homeless people in Dublin." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023010.

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ObjectiveTo calculate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for a cohort of homeless people in the Dublin region over a 5-year period and to examine leading causes of death.SettingHomeless services reporting deaths from homeless persons in their care across the Dublin Homeless Region.MethodsDeath data among people who experience homelessness was acquired from the Dublin Region Homeless Executive (2011–2015) and validated from both death certificates and records from the Dublin Coroner’s Office.ParticipantsTwo hundred and nine deaths were recorded; of these 201 were verified (n=156 males, 77.6%). Deaths that could not be verified by certificate or coroners record were excluded from the study.ResultsSMRs were 3–10 times higher in homeless men and 6–10 times higher in homeless women compared with the general population. Drug and alcohol-related deaths were the leading cause of death, accounting for 38.4% of deaths in homeless individuals. These were followed by circulatory (20%) and respiratory causes (13%).ConclusionMortality rates among homeless persons are exceptionally high. Services and programmes, particularly housing and those targeting overdose and alcoholism, are urgently needed to prevent premature mortality in this vulnerable population.

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Zha, Mengyi, Cheri L. Olson, and Carol Goulet. "Improving the Attitudes to Homeless Persons in a Family Medicine Residency." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272094977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720949778.

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Introduction: Family medicine providers are at the forefront of serving homeless persons. It is important to prepare family medicine residents for this responsibility during residency. In the current study, we aimed to assess the effect of a series of enrichment activities on the attitudes toward homeless persons held by residents, faculty, and staff in a rural family medicine residency program. Methods: The residency program implemented a 6-month enrichment activities series that provided various educational experiences and aimed to improve the participants’ knowledge of and attitudes toward homeless persons. Participants completed 2 anonymous online surveys before and after the enrichment series: (1) the Health Professional’s Attitude Toward the Homeless Inventory (HPATHI) and (2) a short survey assessing the understanding of local issues that affected homeless persons. Two-tailed Student t tests were used to compare the survey results. Results: Of the 48 eligible participants, 42 (88%) completed the surveys before enrichment activities and 41 (85%) completed the surveys afterward. Engagement in the enrichment series was associated with a significant improvement in attitudes supporting social advocacy, but it did not affect self-reported levels of cynicism or personal advocacy. Participant knowledge of local homelessness issues improved, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The longitudinal enrichment activities series, which was implemented in a rural family medicine residency program and aimed to provide experiences working with homeless individuals, was effective in improving attitudes supporting social advocacy among participants.

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Rosnow, Mark J., Toni Shaw, and Clare Stapleton Concord. "Listening to the homeless: A study of homeless mentally ill persons in Milwaukee." Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal 9, no. 4 (1986): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099148.

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Segan, Catherine Jane, Sarah Maddox, and Ron Borland. "Homeless Clients Benefit From Smoking Cessation Treatment Delivered by a Homeless Persons’ Program." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 17, no. 8 (July 15, 2015): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv062.

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Sussman, Tamara, Rachel Barken, and Amanda Grenier. "Supporting Older Homeless Persons’ Positive Relocations to Long-Term Care: Service Provider Views." Gerontologist 60, no. 6 (January 2, 2020): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz171.

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Abstract Background and Objectives This study sought to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with supporting older homeless persons’ relocations to long-term care (LTC) from the perspective of service providers. It aims to inform how to improve relocation processes for this vulnerable and growing subpopulation of older persons. Research Design and Methods This cross-sectional qualitative study employed semistructured face-to-face interviews with service providers from two Health and Social Service Centres in Montreal, Quebec. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed in five stages. Results A total of eight service providers reported on their experiences supporting over 40 relocations of older homeless persons (50+) in the last year. According to participants, older homeless persons’ trajectories into LTC typically included a series of neglected medical issues followed by hospitalization and eventual relocation to LTC. Systemic barriers such as limited-time for proper planning, insufficient housing options for persons with minor functional limitations, disregard for preferred geographic location, multiple moves, and staff prejudices worked together to expedite premature relocation and challenge relocation processes. Discussion and Implications Older homeless persons appear to be at heightened risk of premature and challenging relocation processes. Expanding housing stock for persons with functional limitations, strengthening intersectoral collaborations, providing education and training to staff, and ensuring flexibility around rules and regulations in receiving LTC homes would both improve access to aging in place for this marginalized group of older persons and ensure conditions are in place to support positive relocations to LTC for those who require it.

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Wittman, Friedner, Douglas Polcin, and Dave Sheridan. "The architecture of recovery: two kinds of housing assistance for chronic homeless persons with substance use disorders." Drugs and Alcohol Today 17, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-12-2016-0032.

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Purpose Roughly half a million persons in the USA are homeless on any given night and over a third of those individuals have significant alcohol/other drug (AOD) problems. Many are chronically homeless and in need of assistance for a variety of problems. However, the literature on housing services for this population has paid limited attention to comparative analyses contrasting different approaches. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined the literature on housing models for homeless persons with AOD problems and critically analyzed how service settings and operations aligned with service goals. Findings The authors found two predominant housing models that reflect different service goals: sober living houses (SLHs) and housing first (HF). SLHs are communally based living arrangements that draw on the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. They emphasize a living environment that promotes abstinence and peer support for recovery. HF is based on the premise that many homeless persons with substance abuse problems will reject abstinence as a goal. Therefore, the HF focus is providing subsidized or free housing and optional professional services for substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, and other problems. Research limitations/implications If homeless service providers are to develop comprehensive systems for homeless persons with AOD problems, they need to consider important contrasts in housing models, including definitions of “recovery,” roles of peer support, facility management, roles for professional service, and the architectural designs that support the mission of each type of housing. Originality/value This paper is the first to consider distinct consumer choices within homeless service systems and provide recommendations to improve each based upon architecture and community planning principles.

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Tan, Harry. "‘We are not like them’: stigma and the Destitute Persons Act of Singapore." International Journal of Law in Context 17, no. 3 (September 2021): 318–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552321000410.

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AbstractUsing a legal-consciousness approach, this paper discusses the issue of stigma and law from the perspectives of a group of older homeless people in Singapore. Focusing specifically on the Destitute Persons Act 2013 Rev. Ed. (DPA), the paper shows the different ways in which homeless people make sense of, negotiate, resist or succumb to the stigma of a homeless identity ascribed by the DPA. From these experiences, two fundamental problems with the DPA are highlighted. First, the DPA imposes a homeless identity that is entangled in archaic legal definitions that often do not relate to contemporary experiences of homelessness in Singapore. Second, the enforcement of the DPA legitimises a differential treatment of homeless people, without addressing the broader complexities of homelessness.

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