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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Februhartanty, Judhiastuty. "Nutrition Education: It has Never been an Easy Case for Indonesia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 26, no. 2_suppl2 (June 2005): S267—S274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265050262s218.

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The root of Indonesian education can be traced back to the Dutch colonial period. The country adopts the 6–3–3–4 system of education, which consists of public schooling, Islamic schooling, and out-of-school education. In addition, the country has also been exposed to distance education. The call for this type of education was due to the geographic condition of Indonesia where face-to-face instruction has become limited. Studies on nutrition education in Indonesia covered various topics and teaching methods that were delivered mostly in after-class sessions. Effects on improved knowledge and attitudes were more marked than that of practices in relation to each nutrition topic. Nutrition and its related topics are delivered separately in different school subjects, such as biology, sport, health science, and home economics. Moreover, as the country keeps developing malnutrition problems, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health has run a feeding program that covers only children in elementary school aged 6–12 years old both in urban and rural areas. Efforts from private sectors and NGOs on the feeding program for schoolchildren seem to give complementary effects to the existing program. Human resources development of nutrition professionals was started in the early 1950s when a school for food scientists was first established. However, the professionals responsible for delivering nutrition-related topics in the school are the schoolteachers who mostly have never received relevant training for delivering such topics. For achieving effective children's nutrition education through schools, a solid partnership among stakeholders must be encouraged.
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2

Darman, Sanny, Iip Saripah, and Sardin Sardin. "Home-schooling Learning Model in Order to Achieve Success- What's Different with Learning from Home? (Case Study on Students in The Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community, Bandung)." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 7 (2021): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.47406.

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During the pandemic when people are pessimistic about learning to be done from home, the term home-schooling is in the spotlight. Many families actually choose home-schooling long before this condition occurs because they believe this learning model can bring success to their children. Is home-schooling the same as “learning from home”? Why homeschool students can succeed? By conducting case studies in the Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community, through various series of interviews and observations of students, parents as well as community managers and collecting documentation, this research was conducted. The learning model of home-schooling students in the Pewaris Bangsa Home-schooling Community is different from learning from home carried out by formal schools during the pandemic as parents are entrusted with managing their children's learning, self-regulated learning and self-directed learning are more likely to occur than school students and the learning model that is carried out leads to the needs of students, not just teachers or school programs.  The success of students occurs because they have more motivation and the ability to self-regulate which is fostered by the role of parents and the environment.
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3

Insani, Asri, Yufiarti, and Elindra Yetti. "Parental Involvement and Mothers' Employment on Children's Independence During Covid-19 Pandemics." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.151.02.

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The pandemic that occurred this year created conditions that changed the activities of parents and children, the role of parents working outside the home often led to a lack of parental involvement in child development, especially the development of independence. The conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic have caused parents and children to be in one place at the same time. This study aims to determine the effect of parental involvement and maternal employment status on the independence of children aged 7-8 years in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. This quantitative research uses a comparative causal ex-post facto design, with groups of working mothers and groups of non-working mothers. The sample of each group was 60 people who were randomly selected. The findings of the study with the calculation of the two-way ANOVA test obtained the value of Fo = 4.616> F table = 3.92 or with p-value = 0.034 <α = 0.05, indicating that there is an interaction between parental involvement and maternal employment status on children's independence, and Based on the results of hypothesis testing, there is no effect of parental involvement and mother's work status on the independence of the child even though there are differences in the average results of children's independence. Keywords: Children's Independence, Parental Involvement and Mothers' Employment References: Areepattamannil, S., & Santos, I. M. (2019). Adolescent students’ perceived information and communication technology (ICT) competence and autonomy: Examining links to dispositions toward science in 42 countries. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.005 Benner, A. D., Boyle, A. E., & Sadler, S. (2016). Parental Involvement and Adolescents’ Educational Success: The Roles of Prior Achievement and Socioeconomic Status. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(6), 1053–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0431-4 Chusniatun, Kuswardhani, & Suwandi, J. (2014). Peran ganda pengembangan karier guru-guru perempuan. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial, 24(2), 53–66. Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). (Vol. 49). American Psychologist,. DeLuca, C., Pyle, A., Braund, H., & Faith, L. (2020). Leveraging assessment to promote kindergarten learners’ independence and self-regulation within play-based classrooms. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 27(4), 394–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2020.1719033 Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440 Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Morris, A. S., Fabes, R. A., Cumberland, A., Reiser, M., Gershoff, E. T., Shepard, S. A., & Losoya, S. (2003). Longitudinal relations among parental emotional expressivity, children’s regulation, and quality of socioemotional functioning. Developmental Psychology, 39(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.1.3 Gassman-Pines, A., Ananat, E. O., & Fitz-Henley, J. (2020). COVID-19 and parent-Child psychological well-being. Pediatrics, 146(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3211 Grolnick, W. S., Benjet, C., Kurowski, C. O., & Apostoleris, N. H. (1997). Predictors of Parent Involvement in Children’s Schooling. 11. Gürbüztürk, O., & Şad, S. N. (2010). Turkish parental involvement scale: Validity and reliability studies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.049 Gusmaniarti, G., & Suweleh, W. (2019). Analisis Perilaku Home Service Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Kemandirian dan Tanggung Jawab Anak. Aulad : Journal on Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v2i1.17 Hatzigianni, M., & Margetts, K. (2014). Parents’ beliefs and evaluations of young children’s computer use. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1177/183693911403900415 Hornby, G., & Lafaele, R. (2011). Barriers to parental involvement in education: An explanatory model. Educational Review, 63(1), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2010.488049 Iftitah, S. L., & Anawaty, M. F. (2020). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Mendampingi Anak Di Rumah Selama Pandemi Covid-19. JCE (Journal of Childhood Education), 4(2), 71. https://doi.org/10.30736/jce.v4i2.256 Jeynes, W. H. (2005). Effects of Parental Involvement and Family Structure on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents. Marriage & Family Review, 37(3), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v37n03_06 Kadir. (2017). Statistika Terapan. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Komala. (2015). Mengenal dan Mengembangkan Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini Melalui Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Guru. Tunas Siliwangi, 1(1), 31–45. Kumpulainen, K., Sairanen, H., & Nordström, A. (2020). Young children’s digital literacy practices in the sociocultural contexts of their homes. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 20(3), 472–499. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798420925116 Levitt, M. R., Grolnick, W. S., Caruso, A. J., & Lerner, R. E. (2020). Internally and Externally Controlling Parenting: Relations with Children’s Symptomatology and Adjustment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(11), 3044–3058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01797-z Lie, A., & Prasasti, S. (2004). Menjadi Orang Tua Bijak 101 Cara Membina Kemandirian dan Tanggung Jawab Anak. PT. Alex Media. Livingstone, S., Mascheroni, G., Dreier, M., Chaudron, S., & Lagae, K. (2015). How parents of young children manage digital devices at home: The role of income, education and parental style. 26. Mikelić Preradović, N., Lešin, G., & Šagud, M. (2016). Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards Digital Technology Use in Early Childhood: A Case Study from Croatia. Informatics in Education, 15(1), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2016.07 Moonik, P., Lestari, H. H., & Wilar, R. (2015). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keterlambatan Perkembangan Anak Taman Kanak-Kanak. E-CliniC, 3(1), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.3.1.2015.6752 Ogg, J., & Anthony, C. J. (2020). Process and context: Longitudinal effects of the interactions between parental involvement, parental warmth, and SES on academic achievement. Journal of School Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.11.004 Pek, L. S., & Mee, R. W. M. (2020). Parental Involvement On Child’s Education At Home During School Lockdown. Jhss (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies). https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2502 Porumbu, D., & Necşoi, D. V. (2013). Relationship between Parental Involvement/Attitude and Children’s School Achievements. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 706–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.191 Raeff, C. (2010). Independence and Interdependence in Children’s Developmental Experiences. Child Development Perspectives, 4(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00113.x Rantina, M. (2015). Peningkatan Kemandirian Melalui Kegiatan Pembelajaran Practical Life. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 9, 181–200. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.091 Rihatno, T., Yufiarti, Y., & Nuraini, S. (2017). Pengembangan Model Kemitraan Sekolah Dan Orangtua Pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.111.08 Rika Sa’diyah. (2017). Pentingnya Melatih Kemandirian Anak. Jurnal KORDINAT, 16, 31–46. Yulianti, K., Denessen, E., & Droop, M. (2019). Indonesian Parents’ Involvement in Their Children’s Education: A Study in Elementary Schools in Urban and Rural Java, Indonesia. In School Community Journal. Zhang, D., Zhao, J. L., Zhou, L., & Nunamaker, J. F. (2004). Can e-learning replace classroom learning? Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/986213.986216
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4

Sunbal, Munazza, and Tahira Jabeen. "PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDREN’S SCHOOLING: A CASE FOR ROLE OF SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i3.245.

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Parental involvement is linked with the higher academic achievement of the students. School Social Work is a significant field of social work discipline, which provides a liaison between school, children, their families and community, but is unfortunately lacking in our country. Students face many educational and social challenges which may lead them to leave school and increase dropout ratio which is currently a huge problem in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to explore the need for school social work by examining the parental involvement of public school students who demonstrate poor grades. Ecological theory is applied to explain the role of parents in the education of their children. Methodology of this study is based on convergent parallel design, a mixed method approach. Students of grades 6 & 10 of public schools of district Lahore, and their parents and teachers were the respondents of this study. Findings revealed that the students who demonstrated poor grades; their parental involvement in their studies was also poor. Need for school social work services was highly demanded by the teachers and parents to help improve these children’s grades. Keywords: Parental involvement, Parent-teacher meetings, School home works, School social work, Ecological perspective, Convergent parallel mixed method
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5

Acwin Dwijendra, Ngakan Ketut, and Ngakan Putu Sueca. "The Determinant Factor of Home Transformation in Bali, Indonesia." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 512 (December 25, 2019): 1855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.512.1855.1860.

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In the context of providing adequate housing, a large number of people in developing countries are transforming their homes. This informal housing provision also occurs in Bali, both in BTN (National Savings Bank) housing and in traditional homes. The purpose of this study was to determine a number of determinant factors of home transformation. To achieve the objectives, this study used a survey research strategy, and two case studies were selected. Using a questionnaire as the main tool, one hundred and sixty-six respondents were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis states that both household and residential characteristics are important determinants of transformation. Two home variables, namely the size of the house and the number of original beds are good predictors. The study also shows that four household characteristics appear to be important, namely total expenditure, number of residents, type of household, and ownership.
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6

Kim, Claire Ji Hee, and Amado M. Padilla. "Technology for Educational Purposes Among Low-Income Latino Children Living in a Mobile Park in Silicon Valley: A Case Study Before and During COVID-19." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 42, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986320959764.

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Our case study explored the role of technology in education among low-income Latino residents living in a mobile park in Silicon Valley. Through surveys and in-person interviews with parents and children, we report qualitative data on home Internet access and availability of technological devices utilized for school-related purposes. The results of this study indicated that despite having a baseline level of access to technology as well as an understanding of its importance in the context of a child’s education, our study population currently faces significant barriers to having adequate access to technology at home due to socioeconomic barriers. The digital divide in educational technology was magnified when schools were abruptly closed in favor of online instruction for all children due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings strongly support the recommendation that more attention and systematic improvement are required in order to eliminate disparities and improve student learning and parental involvement with schooling for marginalized communities.
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7

Joo, Hyungmi. "Literacy Practices and Heritage Language Maintenance." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 19, no. 1 (March 6, 2009): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.19.1.05joo.

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The number of students who speak a language other than English at home has significantly increased in various Anglophone (i.e., English-dominant) countries in recent decades. As the student populations in these countries’ schools have become more linguistically and culturally diverse, concerns about language minority students’ language and literacy development have also increased. Researchers have documented the literacy practices of various linguistic and cultural groups at home and/or in the community. This paper portrays the literacy practices of Korean-American students, in particular the population of immigrant adolescents. Drawing upon case studies of four Korean immigrant students, the study described in this paper reveals that these middle school students enjoyed reading and writing for pleasure at home in Korean as well as in English (the main language of their formal schooling), although there existed differences among them in terms of the degree to which they used the languages and the activities they engaged in. Their literacy practices were necessarily accompanied by ethnic and cultural identity formation.
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Bagaskara, Irse Surya. "Education Game of Javanese Language for 2nd Grade of Elementary Schools." SISFORMA 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/sisforma.v3i2.611.

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Local language is the language that is often used to communicate in daily life, but in the case studies in the field are very different. Some kids are more frequently using Indonesian language to communicate with each other. And it makes kids dont understand about Java language lessons at school. Because of that we hope this game "Si Nau" can be the alternate of learning media, so that kids can be more understand about java language lessons at school.In this research contains the result about how to formulate an interesting game about java language. formulate a game that include gameplay, delivery method so that kids can understand about Java language, the impact of game "Si Nau" against children. The survey result of this research, the most of children become interested in Java language lessons at school or in the neighborhood they lives, the children are also able to understand the java language lessons at school. and some parents also makes this game "Si Nau" as the alternate of learning media at home
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9

Supiandi, Supiandi, Muhamad Zaril Gapari, Muhammad Azizurrohman, Riduan Mas’ud, and Putrawan Habibi. "Does Temperature Matter? Case Study of International Tourist Arrivals in Indonesia." AS-SABIQUN 4, no. 5 (November 1, 2022): 1098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36088/assabiqun.v4i5.2068.

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Climate is one of several elements that can impact tourist decisions when deciding where to go on vacation. The climate of a country can influences the desirability of a trip in either a favorable or bad way. However, few studies look at the impact of temperature on tourist decisions, particularly in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the impact of temperature on the arrival of foreign tourists in Indonesia. In the period 2017-2019, the authors used panel data from 168 countries of origin of tourists. To ensure that the research findings were consistent, all models were used, including the Ordinary Least Square, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model. The findings reveal that the temperature of a tourist's home country has a detrimental impact on their arrival in Indonesia. GDP per capita and the population of the nation of origin have a beneficial effect on foreign tourist arrivals as control factors. Distance, on the other hand, has a detrimental impact.
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10

Rahardjo, Budi, Fachrul Rozie, and Jessika Maulina. "Parents’ Role in Children's Learning During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.161.05.

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When children only see their friends in little squares via Google Meet or Zoom, can teachers really address concepts like the importance of teamwork or how to manage conflict? This is a learning phenomenon during the COVID-19 pandemic and the era after it. This study aims to see the role of parents as children's learning companions in terms of mentors and motivators when online education takes place. This research using photovoice within phenomenological methodology and have been doing with thematic analysis and collecting data through interviews and observations. The participants were eight parents and one female teacher as a homeroom teacher. The research findings show that although there are many obstacles in online learning for children, learning during the COVID-19 pandemic can still run by involving the role of parents and teachers as pillars of education for preschool-age children. For further research, it is hoped that the findings will be a way in solving learning problems for children. Keywords: early childhood education, parents’ role, online learning References: Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. In Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180 Aras, S. (2016). Free play in early childhood education: A phenomenological study. Early Child Development and Care, 186(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1083558 Arkorful, V. (2021). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher The role of e-learning, the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in Higher Education . International Journal of Education and Research, 2(December 2014). Atiles, J. T., Almodóvar, M., Chavarría Vargas, A., Dias, M. J. A., & Zúñiga León, I. M. (2021). International responses to COVID-19: Challenges faced by early childhood professionals. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872674 Barnett, W. S., Grafwallner, R., & Weisenfeld, G. G. (2021). Corona pandemic in the United States shapes new normal for young children and their families. In European Early Childhood Education Research Journal (Vol. 29, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2021.1872670 Basham, J. D., Blackorby, J., & Marino, M. T. (2020). Opportunity in Crisis: The Role of Universal Design for Learning in Educational Redesign. In Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal (Vol. 18, Issue 1). Beatriks Novianti Bunga, R. Pasifikus Christa Wijaya & Indra Yohanes Kiling (2021) Studying at Home: Experience of Parents and Their Young Children in an Underdeveloped Area of Indonesia, Journal of Research in Childhood Education, DOI: 10.1080/02568543.2021.1977436 Buheji, M., Hassani, A., Ebrahim, A., da Costa Cunha, K., Jahrami, H., Baloshi, M., & Hubail, S. (2020). Children and Coping During COVID-19: A Scoping Review of Bio-Psycho-Social Factors. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijap.20201001.02 Celik, M. Y. (2021). The dual role of nurses as mothers during the pandemic period: Qualitative study. Early Child Development and Care. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2021.1917561 Coulter, M., Britton, Ú., MacNamara, Á., Manninen, M., McGrane, B., & Belton, S. (2021). PE at Home: Keeping the ‘E’ in PE while home-schooling during a pandemic. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1963425 Creswell, J. W. (2015). 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Parents’ Perception: Early Childhood Social Behaviour During Physical Distancing in the Covid-19 Pandemic. JPUD: Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, Volume 15 (2),DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.152.04 Eslava, M., Deaño, M., Alfonso, S., Conde, Á., & García-Señorán, M. (2016). Family context and preschool learning. Journal of Family Studies, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2015.1063445 Finn, L., & Vandermaas-Peeler, M. (2013). Young children’s engagement and learning opportunities in a cooking activity with parents and older siblings. Early Childhood Research and Practice, 15(1). Gee, E., Siyahhan, S., & Cirell, A. M. (2017). Video gaming as digital media, play, and family routine: Implications for understanding video gaming and learning in family contexts. Learning, Media, and Technology, 42(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2016.1205600 Gelir, I., & Duzen, N. (2021). Children’s changing behaviours and routines, challenges and opportunities for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2021.1921822 Giannini, S., Jenkins, R., & Saavedra, J. (2021). Mission: Recovering Education 2021. In UNICEF, UNESCO, and World Bank. Goodhart, F. W., Hsu, J., Baek, J. H., Coleman, A. L., Maresca, F. M., & Miller, M. B. (2006). A view through a different lens: Photovoice as a tool for student advocacy. Journal of American College Health, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.55.1.53-56 Gong, S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Qu, Y., Tang, C., Yu, Q., & Jiang, L. (2019). A descriptive qualitative study of home care experiences in parents of children with tracheostomies. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.12.005 Hamaidi, D. A., Arouri, Y. M., Noufa, R. K., & Aldrou, I. T. (2021). Parents’ Perceptions of Their Children’s Experiences with Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v22i2.5154 Hammersley, M., & Traianou, A. (2015). Ethics in Qualitative Research: Controversies and Contexts. In Ethics in Qualitative Research: Controversies and Contexts. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473957619 Harris, K. I. (2021). Parent Cooperative Early Childhood Settings: Empowering Family Strengths and Family Engagement for All Young Children. International Journal of Contemporary Education, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.11114/ijce.v4i1.5143 Hassinger-Das, B., Zosh, J. M., Hansen, N., Talarowski, M., Zmich, K., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2020). Play-and-learn spaces: Leveraging library spaces to promote caregiver and child interaction. Library and Information Science Research, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2020.101002 Henter, R., & Nastasa, L. E. (2021). Parents’ Emotion Management for Personal Well-Being When Challenged by Their Online Work and Their Children’s Online School. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751153 Houston, S. (2017). Towards a critical ecology of child development in social work: Aligning the theories of Bronfenbrenner and Bourdieu. Families, Relationships and Societies, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1332/204674315X14281321359847 Ihmeideh, F., AlFlasi, M., Al-Maadadi, F., Coughlin, C., & Al-Thani, T. (2020). Perspectives of family–school relationships in Qatar based on Epstein’s model of six types of parent involvement. Early Years, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2018.1438374 Iruka, I. U., DeKraai, M., Walther, J., Sheridan, S. M., & Abdel-Monem, T. (2020). Examining how rural ecological contexts influence children’s early learning opportunities. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.09.005 Jiles, T. (2015). Knock, knock, may I come in? An integrative perspective on professional development concerns for home visits conducted by teachers. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1463949114567274 Kartini, K. (2021). Analisis Pembelajaran Online Anak Usia Dini Masa Pandemi COVID -19 Kota dan Perdalaman. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i2.880 Kurniati, E., Nur Alfaeni, D. K., & Andriani, F. (2020). Analisis Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Anak di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.541 La Paro, K. M., & Gloeckler, L. (2016). The Context of Child Care for Toddlers: The “Experience Expectable Environment”. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0699-0 Lau, E. Y. H., & Lee, K. (2021). Parents’ Views on Young Children’s Distance Learning and Screen Time During COVID-19 Class Suspension in Hong Kong. Early Education and Development, 32(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1843925 Lau, E. Y. H., Li, J. Bin, & Lee, K. (2021). Online Learning and Parent Satisfaction during COVID-19: Child Competence in Independent Learning as a Moderator. Early Education and Development, 32(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2021.1950451 Lilawati, A. (2020). Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendukung Kegiatan Pembelajaran di Rumah pada Masa Pandemi. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i1.630 Lim, K. F. (2020). Emergency remote teaching and learning in the time of COVID-19. Chemistry in Australia, August. Lin, X., & Li, H. (2018). Parents’ play beliefs and engagement in young children’s play at home. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2018.1441979 Michele L. Stites, Susan Sonneschein & Samantha H. Galczyk (2021) Preschool Parents’ Views of Distance Learning during COVID-19, Early Education and Development, 32:7, 923-939, DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2021.1930936 Muhdi, Nurkolis, & Yuliejantiningsih, Y. (2020). The Implementation of Online Learning in Early Childhood Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.04 Ortlipp, M. (2015). Keeping and Using Reflective Journals in the Qualitative Research Process. The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1579 Paat, Y. F. (2013). Working with Immigrant Children and Their Families: An Application of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(8). https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2013.800007 Plowman, L., Stephen, C., & McPake, J. (2010). Supporting young children’s learning with technology at home and in preschool. Research Papers in Education, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02671520802584061 Rona Novick, Suzanne Brooks & Jenny Isaacs (2021) Parental Report of Preschoolers’ Jewish Day School Engagement and Adjustment During the Covid-19 Shutdown, Journal of Jewish Education, 87:4, 301-315, DOI: 10.1080/15244113.2021.1977098 Sandi Ferdiansyah, S. S., & Angin, R. (2020). Pengalaman Mahasiswa Thailand dalam Pembelajaran Daring di Universitas di Indonesia pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Journal of International Students, 10(S3). Sonnenschein, S., Stites, M., & Dowling, R. (2021). Learning at home: What preschool children’s parents do and what they want to learn from their children’s teachers. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X20971321 Sri Indah Pujiastuti, Sofia Hartati & Jun Wang (2022) Socioemotional Competencies of Indonesian Preschoolers: Comparisons between the Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Periods and among DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta and West Java Provinces, Early Education and Development, DOI: 10.1080/10409289.2021.2024061 Stone, K., Burgess, C., Daniel, B., Smith, J., & Stephen, C. (2017). Nurture corners in preschool settings: Involving and nurturing children and parents. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2017.1309791 Suzanne M. Egan & Chloé Beatty (2021) To school through the screens: the use of screen devices to support young children's education and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, Irish Educational Studies, 40:2, 275-283, DOI: 10.1080/03323315.2021.1932551 Thomson, S. (2007). Do’s and don’ts: Children’s experiences of the primary school playground. Environmental Education Research, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620701581588 Vallejo-Ruiz, M., & Torres-Soto, A. (2020). Teachers’ conceptions on the quality of the teaching and learning process in early childhood education. Revista Electronica Educare, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.15359/REE.24-3.13 Widodo, H. P. (2014). Methodological considerations in interview data transcription. International Journal of Innovation in English Language, 3(1). Wijaya, Candra., Dalimunthe, Rasyid Anwar., & Muslim. Parents’ Perspective on The Online Learning Using Zoom Application in Early Childhood Education. JPUD: Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, Volume 15 Number 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.152.06 Winship, M., Standish, H., Trawick-Smith, J., & Perry, C. (2021). Reflections on practice: Providing authentic experiences with families in early childhood teacher education. In Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education (Vol. 42, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2020.1736695
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Nurgusmy Yerly Asir, Asvi Retty, Lili Indrawati, Dinni Agustin, and Tri Budi W Raharjo. "Dimensi Wellness dalam kaitan dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia di Indonesia." Jurnal Untuk Masyarakat Sehat (JUKMAS) 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52643/jukmas.v6i2.1650.

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An increasing number of elderly with chronic degenerative diseases and disabilities will affect their quality of life.The study design was cross-sectional in the form of case studies and evaluations in three areas of caregiving. Clinical diagnosis used geriatric assessment instruments of Geriatric Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Measurement of quality of life used the EQ-5D index score Indonesia version with 0,692 cut-off point for low and high quality of life.Quality of life of elderly living in the community is better than staying at home. There were habit of doing health checks, grateful, social activities, mutual friendship, participation in / outside environment, remain employed significantly associated with quality of life of the elderly. Relationship with quality of life of contextual factors obtained employment status, and number of disease was significantly correlated with quality of life, whereas cognitive function meaningful trend.It turns out that the quality of life of elderly living in the community is better than staying at home.
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Uribe, F. Medardo Tapia, Robert A. LeVine, and Sarah E. LeVine. "Maternal Education and Maternal Behaviour in Mexico: Implications for the Changing Characteristics of Mexican Immigrants to the United States." International Journal of Behavioral Development 16, no. 3 (September 1993): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549301600302.

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This article summarises findings of research designed to shed light on the mechanisms by which female schooling changes atttitudes to childbearing and childrearing in Mexico. The data reported come primarily from a 1987 survey in the rural Mexican town of Tilzapotla in the state of Morelos. Subsidiary data come from a later survey in 1990 and from a survey and home observations carried out in 1983 in the urban area of Cuernavaca. Conditions of childbearing and childrearing in Tilzapotla and Cuernavaca are relevant to these issues among Mexican immigrants in the United States because these communities are among many in Mexico from which Mexican immigrants to the United States originate. Together the results indicate that increases in maternal schooling lead to more prenatal care, more use of contraception, and smaller family size. The studies indicate that the pathways by which these effects are achieved relate to the emphasis that schools place on verbal interaction and decontextualised language use. This communication model presented in school by the teacher subsequently influences the way the schooled mother deals with her own children, with mass media, and with the health care system. The overall level of education in Tilzapotla, as in the rest of Mexico, has been rising over the last two decades. Current Mexican immigrants to the United States therefore arrive with higher levels of education than was the case 20 or 30 years ago. As a consequence, findings concerning the effects of maternal education on childbearing and childrearing imply that mothers currently immigrating from Mexico will more frequently have the childbearing and childrearing attitudes, skills, and practices of the more highly educated Mexican mothers in our studies than was the case in past decades of immigration.
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Restiana, Shafira Azura, Mursid Raharjo, and Suhartono Suhartono. "ANALISIS LINGKUNGAN FISIK RUMAH SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA (DENGAN KAJIAN SISTEMATIS)." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) 9, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v9i3.29296.

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Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of toddler mortality in worldwide, owing to several important risk factors such as home physical environment. The role of each physical home environment for Pneumonia is still uncertain. The study aims to evaluate each various of the physical home environment impact to Pneumonia in toddlers. The search is limited and focused in International and Nasional journals published in 2016-2019. Researches has reviewed 24 articles that matched with the inclusion criteria, 4 studies were conducted with a cross-sectional approach while the rest were conducted with a case-control approach. Overall, several articles were showed a relationship between these risk factors and the incidence of Pneumonia in toddlers, 5 articles of floor type (20,8%), 3 articles of house wall conditions (12,5%), 13 articles of house lighting (54%), 22 articles of home ventilation (91,6%), 8 articles of house occupancy density (33,3%), 3 articles of house temperature (12,5%), and 7 articles of smoking presence (29,2%). These results can be concluded that there are three dominant risk factor: ventilation, lighting and house occupancy density. People are advised to ensure that the area of house ventilation is suit with the requirements to allow natural lighting enter the house and ideal occupancy density thereby reduce the possibility of pneumonia-causing pathogens transmission in toddlers.
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Rieyani Okta Sumbawa and Mila Karmila. "Pola Pengasuhan Positif Orangtua Pada Anak Usia Dini Selama Belajar Dari Rumah di masa Pandemi Covid-19." Kiddo: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini 2, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/kiddo.v2i2.4790.

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When the Covid-19 virus entered Indonesian territory, the Indonesian government immediately followed up on the case by changing the education system in Indonesia into distance learning or commonly called BDR. The research methodology used is literature study as material to review seven to ten relevant studies regarding positive parenting patterns of parents while studying from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents are expected to provide positive parenting, which is expected to be better to assist in the smooth learning of children at home during the Covid-19 pandemic, which is very important. Are the results such as assisting children in doing school assignments, supporting and facilitating children in learning, supporting and facilitating children in learning, establishing good communication between families, choosing the right parenting style, and respecting children's opinions, making rules at home. The role of parents is very influential in assisting children to learn from home.
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Saubani, Ahmad, Esron Rikardo Nainggolan, and Siti Nur Khasanah. "Perancangan E-Commerce Berbasis Web Pada PT. Touch Technology Indonesia." Jurnal Teknologi Sistem Informasi dan Aplikasi 2, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/jtsi.v2i4.3330.

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Sales in this case in the form of product sales is one of the important activities for the development of the company and is a very important aspect for the company. Problems a rising in the company regarding the promotion and sales, because it still uses manually, visit home for promotion and provide brochures on the road side, System design used with a waterfall methode, while the data collection techniques use research methods with observation, interviews, and library studies. And database application development tools use MySQL and PHP programming language by using Laravel framework. The purpose of this research is to design a sales system evenly and ease of transaction customers without having to come to physical stores directly. The result of this research is to provide an alternative sales and promotion. It is application created can create increase in company sales.
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Martha, Ati Suci Dian, Kasiyah Junus, Harry Budi Santoso, and Heru Suhartanto. "Assessing Undergraduate Students’ e-Learning Competencies: A Case Study of Higher Education Context in Indonesia." Education Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11040189.

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The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in early 2020 around the world has implications for Indonesia’s education sector. This pandemic led to the Indonesian government policy to study from home at all academic levels using a distance learning approach. Studies on e-learning preparedness in Indonesia involving more comprehensive samples of universities during the pandemic are still limited. This study extended samples from several public and private universities in Indonesia to get a broader picture of e-learning readiness in various faculties with diverse university online learning cultures. This study used Rasch analysis to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to identify responses based on students’ demographic profiles. The results show that most students were ready to study online, but a few were not ready. Moreover, the results show significant differences in students’ e-learning readiness based on the academic year at university, the field of study, the level of organizational e-learning culture of the university, gender, and region. This work provides an insight into student readiness to study online, especially in higher education in Indonesia. The article presents the implications of online learning practices in universities and recommendations for future e-learning research.
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Maharani, Siti Dewi, Evy Ratna Kartika Waty, Sri Sumarni, and Makmun Raharjo. "The Level of Parents' Motivation in Helping Elementary School Children during Online Learning at Home; Case Studies in Indonesia and the Philippines." Al Ibtida: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru MI 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/al.ibtida.snj.v9i1.9861.

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Basrowi, Basrowi, Pertiwi Utami, Juhary Ali, and Muhammad Syukri Salleh. "Supply Chains In Indonesia Facing Virus Corona (COVID-19): Models Innovation And Obstacles Faced." BINA BANGSA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/bbijbm.v1i1.1.

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The purpose of this research is to reveal the innovation model and obstacles faced by the Indonesian government in handling the Covid-19 epidemic case. Based on previous research, supply chain management is needed because supply chain disruptions and inventory depletion (such as medical supplies and medical equipment) both in high and low resource settings have catapulted the core components of IPC 8 (environment, materials, and equipment for IPC). The research method used is qualitative, especially phenomenology. The novelty of this research lies in the innovation of the supply chain model and the Covid-19 handling constraints obtained through a series of empirical studies and literature reviews that allow it to be used by decision makers. The results revealed that various innovations to meet the supply chain relating to the handling of Covid-19 have been carried out by the government ranging from the creation of special hospitals, the appointment of public hospitals to the referral hospitals specifically Covid-19, the purchase of medicines from other countries that were imported , a mask development company, increases mask production for state-owned and private companies that produce masks, increases alcohol production, and recruits human resources in the health sector, especially for final year students majoring in health. While various obstacles faced, namely the low awareness of the community to do social distinguish in daily interactions, low awareness of the community to work from home, learn from home, and worship at home and the many people who have to work outside the home when they want to fulfill the day their daily needs, the threat of an unemployment explosion, and fears of social insecurity are also the causes of government difficulties in making locked decisions
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Giyono, Urip. "INFORMALISASI DAN MASALAH SOSIAL TENAGA KERJA DI INDONESIA DALAM KAJIAN HUKUM (Studi Kasus PHK sebagai Efek Digitalisasi di Kabupaten Cirebon Tahun 2019)." Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v34i1.1108.

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The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has changed the landscape of all fields in the world, including Cirebon Regency which also feels its impact, therefore global change requires humans to be able to develop their abilities more broadly. One of the labor issues that need to be considered and resolved is the lack of competence and competitiveness of Indonesian workers. Facing the industrial revolution 4.0, the workforce in Cirebon Regency is deemed not to have sufficient readiness and skills. This paper uses Lourdes Beneria and Maria Floro studies which have examined the changes in the informalisation of the labor market in most countries such as Bolivia, Ecuador, Thailand and the Philippines, through the analysis unit of home women workers. and a qualitative method blended between case studies and phenomenology by examining Information and social issues of workers in Indonesia on legal studies (case study of Layoffs as a digitalization effect in Cirebon District 2019).
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Firmansyah, Rangga, Nazlina Shaari, Sumarni Ismail, Nangkula Utaberta, and Ismar Minang Satotoy Usman. "OBSERVATION OF FEMALE DORM PRIVACY IN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA." Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, no. 4 (December 26, 2021): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i4.13091.

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In learning activity processes in Islamic boarding schools, students must study and live in a dormitory. It functions to replace a residential home where the privacy aspect should be taken into consideration. This study aims to observe the privacy aspects closely related to the female students' bedrooms, covering six elements examined in five case studies, including the sex-segregated dormitories, the main function of staying, visual privacy on the dimensions height of the windows, acoustic privacy, and olfactory privacy in terms of the connection between dormitory rooms. It was found that the privacy aspect in the dormitory room still lacked attention due to the addition of space functions and bathroom facilities in it. Meanwhile, adding personal facilities, such as storage and study areas, could enhance the students' privacy. Especially for the type of student bedroom, it is necessary to provide a place for drying clothes by utilizing the balcony area. Besides that, it is required to pay attention to the type, dimensions direction of window openings so that the level of privacy of female students will be more optimal.
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Asrijun, Asrijun. "Pengaruh Kondisi Fisik Rumah dengan Kejadian Penderita Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru." UNM Environmental Journals 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/uej.v2i1.9157.

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Pulmonary TB patients in Indonesia are ranked fourth in the world after India, China, South Africa with a prevalence of 285 TB per 100,000 population or as many as 302,861 cases in 2010(Lienhardt dkk. 2012).This research is analytic observation, with case control design. Case control studies were conducted by identifying case groups and control groups. This study aims to determine the risk of physical condition of the house with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of Pattingalloang Health Center, Makassar City. After conducting research, it can be concluded that; (1) There is the influence of the stage house fikik condition with the incidence of pulmonary TB with the risk of transmission 10 times from a healthy stage house. (2) There is an influence of fiksik conditions in semi-permanent homes with the incidence of pulmonary TB but not a significant risk factor. (3) There is an influence of the condition of permanent home fiksik conditions with the incidence of pulmonary TB with risk factors for transmission 6 times from a healthy permanent home..
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Morozova, Anna V. "Home Education and Schooling in Russia in the 1910s–1920s: Memoirs of T. Znamerovskaya Stored in the Fonds of the Russian National Library." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2021): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2021-1-301-312.

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The article is devoted to the problem of home education and schooling in Russia in the 1910s–1920s. The author draws attention to the fact that this topic has not been sufficiently covered in the study of Russian society, although it deserves to be studied no less than history of various educational institutions. Memoirs remain the main source, as features of family education simply can’t be studied on the basis of official documentation. In this regard, the collections of the Manuscript Department of the Russian National Library are of great use to the historians specializing in the history of childhood, for instance, the recently discovered fond of T. P. Znamerovskaya (1912–77) – Ph. D in History of Art, assistant professor of the history of art department at the Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) State University, researcher, author of numerous publications on the history of Spanish and Italian art of the 15–17th centuries, a woman of many accomplishments, poet, indefatigable traveler, memoirist. The article analyzes her memoirs, which describe the events from her birth to 1929, when she graduated from the “Znamerovsky school.” It uses the methods of source analysis, grouping facts related to the problem of educational activities in the family, comparing them, and producing typological generalization. Drawing on archival materials, major factors of upbringing and education have been identified, which dated back to scientist's childhood and contributed to the comprehensive development of her personality. In the case-study of the Znamerovsky family the author studies the nature of home education in the Russian intellectual’s families in the 1910s–20s. The article demonstrates the primary role of the family in the education, its main pedagogical strategies and specific trends in the educational tactics, which became uncharacteristic in the Soviet education. The emphasis was placed on the humanitarian sphere in order to educate a person with significant creative and intellectual potential. First of all, the children were to study literature, history, geography, foreign languages (in their spoken form), music, and theater. Exact sciences took a back seat. In early childhood, the education took form of games, theater performances, walks, and reading. The school was to systematize the already accumulated store of knowledge. According to the author, the new archival materials bring it home that the Russian intellectuals of the early 20th century developed and battle-tested a tradition of family education and schooling methods that produced humane, creative, and independently-minded people.
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Tan, Yeh Fong, Cheong Lieng Teng, Kaw Bing Chua, and Kenny Voon. "Pteropine orthoreovirus: An important emerging virus causing infectious disease in the tropics?" Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 03 (March 31, 2017): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9112.

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Introduction: Pteropine orthoreovirus (PRV) is an emerging zoonotic respiratory virus that has spilled over from bats to humans. Though initially found only in bats, further case studies have found viable virus in ill patients. Methodology: PubMed was queried with the keywords of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus OR Pteropine orthoreovirus OR Melaka orthoreovirus OR Kampar orthoreovirus, and returned 17 hits. Results: Based on prevalence studies, the presence of PRV has been reported in Malaysia and Vietnam, both developing countries. Other case reports also provide further evidence of the presence of PRV in the Southeast Asian region. Despite the absence of PRV in their home countries, travellers from Hong Kong and Japan to Indonesia have returned to their countries ill with this virus, indicating that local communities in Indonesia might be affected by this virus. Conclusions: This work aims to bring to light this emerging zoonotic respiratory virus circulating among developing countries in Southeast Asia. To improve the understanding of PRV of the medical and scientific community in the Southeast Asian region, this work introduces the general features of PRV, reports of imported PRV, prevalence, and clinical features of PRV. Gaps in knowledge about PRV have also been identified in this work, and we hope that future studies can be undertaken to improve our understanding of this virus.
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Hafizh, Fakhriel Muhammad, and Aceng Komarudin Mutaqin. "Penerapan Distribusi Poisson-Lindley pada Data Jumlah Gol Hasil Pertandingan Liga 1 Indonesia Tahun 2004." Bandung Conference Series: Statistics 2, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcss.v2i2.3332.

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Abstract. Liga 1 Indonesia is the highest caste football competition between clubs in Indonesia. First held in 1994, Liga 1 is a merger of the previous 2 major competitions, namely the union (1931-1994) and Galatama 1979-1994). The aim is to improve the quality of Indonesian football and mark the phased league system of Indonesian football at a competitive level. There have been many studies conducted by researchers in various countries to process data on the number of goals scored by football matches for home teams and away teams from a football league. Ghitany and Al-Mutairi (2009) discuss the Poisson-Lindley distribution, a distribution for data from discrete random variable. In this Journal, we will discuss the application of the Poisson-Lindley distribution to the data on the number of goals of home teams and away teams resulting from the highest caste Indonesian football league matches for 2004 and to find out whether the Poisson-Lindley distribution is a suitable distribution of opportunities to model the case of the number of goals data. The maximum likelihood estimation is used to assess the parameters on such distributions. The distribution match test used is the Chi-squared test. As research material, secondary data from recording results will be used obtained from several sources, namely rsssf.com, id.soccerway.com, Wikipedia.com and presented into data on the results of the 2004 Indonesian Liga 1 football match. Based on the results of the application to the data on the number of goals resulting from the Indonesian Liga 1 football match in 2004, the Poisson Lindley distribution is suitable for modeling the case of away team goal number data and is not suitable for modeling the case of home team goal number data. Abstrak. Liga 1 Indonesia adalah kompetisi sepak bola kasta tertinggi antar klub di Indonesia. Terselenggara pertama kali pada tahun 1994, Liga 1 merupakan penggabungan 2 kompetisi besar sebelumnya yaitu perserikatan (1931-1994) dan Galatama 1979-1994). Tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kualitas sepak bola Indonesia dan menandai sistem liga bertahap sepak bola Indonesia di tingkat kompetitif. Sudah banyak penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti di berbagai negara untuk mengolah data jumlah gol hasil pertandingan sepak bola untuk tim kandang dan tim tandang dari suatu liga sepak bola. Ghitany dan Al-Mutairi (2009) membahas distribusi Poisson-Lindley, suatu distribusi untuk data dari peubah acak diskrit. Dalam Jurnal ini akan dibahas mengenai penerapan distribusi Poisson-Lindley pada data jumlah gol tim kandang dan tim tandang hasil pertandingan Liga sepak bola Indonesia kasta tertinggi untuk tahun 2004 dan untuk mengetahui apakah distribusi Poisson-Lindley merupakan distribusi peluang yang cocok untuk memodelkan kasus data jumlah gol tersebut. Metode penaksir kemungkinan maksimum digunakan untuk menaksir parameter pada distribusi tersebut. Uji kecocokan distribusi yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-kuadrat. Sebagai bahan penelitian akan digunakan data sekunder hasil pencatatan yang diperoleh dari beberapa sumber yaitu rsssf.com, id.soccerway.com, Wikipedia.com dan disajikan menjadi data hasil pertandingan sepakbola Liga 1 Indonesia tahun 2004. Berdasarkan hasil penerapan pada data jumlah gol hasil pertandingan sepakbola Liga 1 Indonesia tahun 2004, distribusi Poisson Lindley cocok untuk memodelkan kasus data jumlah gol tim tandang dan tidak cocok untuk memodelkan kasus data jumlah gol tim kandang.
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Rusli, M. H. M. "The Legality of Passage of the Nuclear-Powered Submarines: Are Malaysia and Indonesia in Catch-22?" Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (January 12, 2023): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2022-4-34-43.

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INTRODUCTION. Southeast Asia is home to some of the most important sea lines of communications (SLOCs) which are not only significant maritime con­uits for merchant vessels, but military vessels of the superpower nations as well. While there have never been any casualties involving nuclear-powered submarines in this region, the fact remains that the num­ber of such vessels traversing Southeast Asian SLOCs is predicted to rise in years to come.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This research is a result of analysis of international treaties applied to navigation of nuclear-powered submarines. Some of the materials used for preparing this paper include 1) the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982; 2) AUKUS pact. The methodological basis of the re­search consists of traditional methods: general scien­tific methods (in this case, based on general principles of law) and specific methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. Other than China, Aus­tralia is another State within this region projected to own nuclear-powered submarines by 2040 through AUKUS. These developments have raised concerns among leaders of Southeast Asian nations, particu­larly Malaysia and Indonesia, the caretaker States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore as well as the Indonesian archipelagic sea lanes. These maritime waterways are traversed by thousands of vessels each year, including nuclear-powered submarines belong­ing to nations already possessing them.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. This article concludes by reiterating that international law should provide an equitable balance between navigational rights and protection of the marine environment particularly in sea lines of communications which are subjected to liberal navigational rights, in relation to nuclear-powered submarines.
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Handayani, Oktia W. K., Efa Nugroho, and Bertakalswa Hermawati. "Determinant of Diabetes Mellitus Focusing on Differences of Indonesian Culture: Case Studies in the Java and Outer Java Region in Indonesia." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010323.

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Background: In 2017, Indonesia was ranked 6th in the world, with 10.3 million DM sufferers. Indonesia consists of many islands with diverse communities, diverse social and cultural environments, which allow different factors to affect the increasing number of DM cases. Objective: This research objective is to analyze the differences in the factors of the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior that are potential to DM in Java and outside Java. Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with independent sample t-test data analysis techniques. The population was DM type 2 patients, with a sample size of 294 people. The technique was to determine the sample by accidental sampling in patients who seek treatment during prolanis (chronical disease management program) activities. The independent variables consist of social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior. The dependent variable is DM disease. Data is equipped with qualitative data. Results: The results showed that there were differences between Javanese and Outer Java respondents on social environmental factors (t value 6.682), cultural environment (t value 5.752), knowledge (t value 7.079) and behavior (t value 16.579) with each Sig 0.000 value. All factors that are variables in this study have higher values in the Java region compared to those outside Java, and the highest difference is in the social environment variable (average difference of 3,979), which has an effect on very high behavioral differences (average differences average 6,037). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are differences in the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge, and behavior that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesian society.
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Khan, Mohd Jamsyeer, Siti Hajar Misnan, and Hairul Nizam Ismail. "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, SECOND HOME PROGRAMMES DEVELOPMENT AND MALAYSIA EXPERIENCE." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 6, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v6.n1-2.384.

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Second homes primarily used for leisure and recreation, which located away from the city. The scenario changed over the years as there are a lot of programmes, namely second home or international migration programmes around the world that promote and attract the foreigners, not only to live in other countries but also giving the opportunities to invest in the reporting economy. Therefore, the objectives of international migration have covered from labour (work), recreation and labour, retirement and investment to date. However, previous literature which has studied second home programmes does not give overview of the programmes elsewhere, rather than focusing on programme individually. In Malaysia context, Malaysian government has introduced Malaysia My Second Home (MM2H) programme, an international residency scheme that allows the foreigners to live in Malaysia on a long stay up to 10 years. These does not exclude other countries to do so, as in Indonesia, Thailand, Malta, Spain, Portugal and Philippines. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review comprehensively on the development of second homes and second home programmes, to study the pattern behind the evolution, including lessons from Malaysia experience. This paper explains range of historical developments of second homes and second home programmes, in relation of international differences in practice, and the connection with Malaysia experience, MM2H programme. Although this paper will not provide in depth contribution on institutional theory, however it provides an important foundation for further theoretical development, which also offers useful review for case studies of practice.
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Putri, Fina Ratih Wira. "Sistematik Review: Kriteria dan Peran Pengawas Menelan Obat Pasien Tuberculosis di Indonesia." Jurnal Surya Medika 4, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v4i2.601.

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Indonesia falls into the category of countries with the highest TB case burden. This number will continue to increase if the number of TB patient care is not implemented properly. Non- compliance with treatment is a separate problem in the success of TB elimination. The role of Supervisor for Drug Swallowing/Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) is one of the factors that support the success of TB treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the criteria and role of supervisors to swallow drugs in tuberculosis patients in Indonesia. Two article search engines were used, namely GARUDA (Garba Rujukan Digital) and Neliti. There are 14 types of research identified, with details of 10 quantitative studies and 4 qualitative studies. The expected criteria of the Supervisor for Drug Swallowing/Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) are over 17 years old, female, not working, minimum high school education having kinship relations, living at home, and if the supervisor swallows drugs is a health worker then has better knowledge about tuberculosis treatment and empowerment of TB patients to form a self group. The role of Supervisor for Drug Swallowing/Pengawas Menelan Obat (PMO) in Indonesia includes ensuring patients swallow drugs every day, become educators, accompany control patients to health care centers, remind patients to check recurrent phlegm, provide moral support to patients, take patients to health care centers if drug side effects occur, improve preventive behavior and increase body weight.
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Pratono, Aluisius Hery, and Asri Maharani. "Long-Term Care in Indonesia: The Role of Integrated Service Post for Elderly." Journal of Aging and Health 30, no. 10 (August 30, 2018): 1556–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264318794732.

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Objective: This article aims to examine community long-term care (LTC) in Indonesia by drawing upon the five principles of human right provision: availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality, and universality. Method: We used a qualitative approach with exploratory multiple case studies in three different areas in East Java Province, Indonesia. This study gathered the initial evidence using a report card approach with self-report questionnaires. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were carried out to understand factors that affect the efficacy of LTC services. Results: The Indonesia Government imposed a regulation that required each local community to make community health services available for the elderly. By managing the integrated post, the community provided LTC service for the elderly. Community leadership played a pivotal role to make LTC services available. Improving the services with religious activities was essential to improving the acceptability, but it also needed to take into consideration universality and nondiscrimination principles. Results show that LTC services are difficult to expand and quality standards are difficult to raise, due to challenges such as few community members volunteering their services, lack of support from religious leaders, limited resources, and inadequate volunteer training. Discussion: This study highlights the role of community engagement in LTC services and shows that it is difficult to succeed without adequate government support. Improving services with creative and culturally acceptable activities is necessary.
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Malawani, Mukhamad N., Franck Lavigne, Christopher Gomez, Bachtiar W. Mutaqin, and Danang S. Hadmoko. "Review of Local and Global Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions and Disaster Management Practices: The Indonesian Example." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030109.

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This paper discusses the relations between the impacts of volcanic eruptions at multiple-scales and the related-issues of disaster-risk reduction (DRR). The review is structured around local and global impacts of volcanic eruptions, which have not been widely discussed in the literature, in terms of DRR issues. We classify the impacts at local scale on four different geographical features: impacts on the drainage system, on the structural morphology, on the water bodies, and the impact on societies and the environment. It has been demonstrated that information on local impacts can be integrated into four phases of the DRR, i.e., monitoring, mapping, emergency, and recovery. In contrast, information on the global impacts (e.g., global disruption on climate and air traffic) only fits the first DRR phase. We have emphasized the fact that global impacts are almost forgotten in the DRR programs. For this review, we have extracted case studies from Indonesia, and compared them to those of other regions, because Indonesia is home to >130 volcanoes and experienced several latest volcanic eruptions with VEI > 5.
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Husni Rahiem, Maila Dinia. "Indonesian University Students’ Likes and Dislikes about Emergency Remote Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Asian Journal of University Education 17, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v17i1.11525.

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This study aimed to analyze what university students in Indonesia like and dislike about the emergency remote learning process, which was implemented due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The case of Indonesia reveals what the majority of higher education in developing countries faced during the COVID-10 period. This research used a qualitative phenomenological approach. This study's participants were 80 social studies in education students at the Faculty of Education at a state university in Jakarta, Indonesia. The inquiry consisted of a thorough study of participants' diaries of day-to-day learning and reflective essays and an online focus group of discussions. The results revealed what students liked about learning from home during the COVID-19 crisis, which was grouped into three overarching themes of flexibility and efficiency, self-care and self-development, and learning new technology. Whereas, what students did not like was grouped into three main themes: lack of structure, technological difficulties, and financial barriers. By knowing what students like and dislike, we can try to reduce aspects that are not liked and may become obstacles to learning; and further improve the activities and features that students enjoy. As a result, the quality of remote learning in this pandemic could be enhanced, and students' ability to study in any circumstances could be increased.
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Galistya, Theresia Mutiara. "Analisis Capaian Pembangunan SDM dan Faktor-faktor Pendorong Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Bali." Jurnal Bali Membangun Bali 2, no. 3 (December 12, 2019): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51172/jbmb.v2i3.20.

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Human resource development in the Bali Province can be illustrated through the development of the Human Development Index (HDI) achievements and employment conditions. Until 2018, HDI of Bali Province recorded continued to grow and is at a "high" level. The challenge that arises is that there are still gaps in the achievement of HDI at the regency level. Efforts to increase the Mean Years of Schooling (RLS) and per capita expenditure in regency with a "moderate" HDI status seem to be one solution to narrowing disparities in human resource development between regions. In view of employment conditions, Bali's Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) was recorded to be the lowest nationally. However, the low level of education possessed by most workers has an impact on the low wages or salaries that can be obtained. The study was complemented by causal analysis to see the effect of economic growth, investment, and the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) on employment in the Bali Province. Case studies are conducted according to data conditions that released by Statistics Indonesia for 2009-2017. The results showed that simultaneously all three variables had a close relationship with employment. This is indicated by the R2 value that recorded at 94,3 percent. Partially, economic growth has a positive effect on employment though not significant. Investment and UMP variables have a positive and significant effect on employment in the Bali Province.
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Sujana, I. Putu Surya, Ni Putu Ayu Widiasari, Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti, Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai, and Ni Made Renny Anggreni Rena. "Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as a Novel Complication of COVID-19 Infection in Sanglah General Hospital Bali, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T1 (November 6, 2020): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5484.

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BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) could be asymptomatic, mild to severe, even mortality. Although various hematological complications associated with COVID-19 infection have been reported, the finding of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a novel case. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our emergency room because of a 5-day period of fever with cough and shortness of breath. At admission, she was takipnea, jaundice, and had an oxygen saturation of 60% on room air. Laboratory studies showed hemoglobin (Hb) 3.68 g/dL, high reticulocyte (14.4%), and hyperbilirubinemia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pneumonia with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction test. Although she got packed red cell (PRC) transfusions in 7 days, her Hb remained low and bilateral infiltrate still increased. That’s why we considered direct Coombs test and it returned positive. AIHA was diagnosed and treatment with hydrocortisone 100 mg IV twice daily was given for the first 72 h. The maintenance dose with methylprednisolone 16 mg twice daily was continued for 7 days admission. Then, Hb value increased to 11.03 g/dL and she was discharged home without any compliments. CONCLUSION: In the current epidemiological situation, AIHA needs to be considered as a complication of COVID-19 infection in a patient who presents with jaundice and severe anemia without any underlying chronic disease, which is need blood transfusions, steroid medication use, or blood cancer.
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Bhardawaj, Broto, Kamaljeet Kaur, and Aakriti Jain. "Competitive Survivability: A Study of Impact of Global Crisis on Indonesia and India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 5, no. 3 (2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.53.1003.

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The purpose of the paper is to find the role of competitiveness parameters in international markets with particular reference to Indonesia. In a world of increasingly global competition, nations have become more, not less, important. As the basis of competition has shifted more and more to the creation and assimilation of knowledge, the role of the nation has grown. The research paper aims to understand the importance of competitive survival ability and the impact of the global crisis on Indonesia and India with special reference to Brexit. The research methodology adopted includes empirical data and case studies in the context of Indonesia. Competitive advantage is created and sustained through a highly localized process. Differences in national values, culture, economic structures, institutions, and histories all contribute to competitive success. The findings suggest that there are striking differences in the patterns of competitiveness in every country. No nation can or will be competitive in every or even most industries. Ultimately, nations succeed in particular industries because their home environment is the most forward-looking, dynamic, and challenging. The research paper has implications for managers and researchers. The paper focuses on the impact of Brexit on India and Indonesia. The geopolitical consequences of Brexit might not appear immediately. The European Union might temporarily pull together, but there would be damage to the sense of mission and Europe’s soft power of attraction. The immediate impact may not be visible. However, with globalization coming in, all the markets are interconnected. So there will be an inter-country effect of Brexit on Indonesia and India. Markets which have large domestic markets will be affected less.
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Saqeeb, Kazi Nazmus, S. M. Tafsir Hasan, Md Alfazal Khan, Tahmeed Ahmed, and Mohammod Jobayer Chisti. "Determinants and Outcome of Community-Acquired Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Rural Bangladesh." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1983373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19833730.

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Background. This study examined the sociodemographic as well as other determinants and outcome of community-acquired late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) in rural Bangladesh at Matlab. Methods. In this retrospective chart review, we used an unmatched case-control design (1:2 ratio) to evaluate the factors associated with LONS and their outcomes among babies admitted to the neonatal ward of Matlab Hospital of icddr,b, from January 2012 to December 2014. Neonates presenting with any of the clinical signs of serious bacterial infection during 3 to 28 days of life constituted the cases (LONS), and those without LONS constituted the controls. All the data were retrieved from the electronic databases of Matlab Hospital and Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Results. Among 1482 admitted neonates, 202 were cases and 404 were randomly selected controls. In babies with LONS, case fatality rate (1% vs 0%, P = .037), duration of inpatient stay (4 days vs 2 days, P < .001), and referral to higher center (9% vs 5%, P = .020) were higher. In an adjusted model, undernutrition (weight for length Z score < −2; odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-2.94), admission in winter season (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.09-2.41), mother’s schooling <10 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.09-2.85), primiparity (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.05-2.29), home delivery (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.07-3.26), and household food insecurity (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.31-5.88) were found to be independently associated with LONS. Conclusion. LONS posed considerable socioeconomic burden to the rural community. Further studies are required to consolidate our findings.
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Paliwal, Deepak. "Reaching the unreached through open and distance learning in India." Asian Association of Open Universities Journal 14, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaouj-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose Education is the most important tool for the development of different types of faculties in human beings. It plays an important role in the overall development of the human beings, and it is generally considered as a catalyst of social change. Education always remains a territory of significance and worry for the policymakers, social researchers and the academicians. In the complex society like India, which is multi-racial, multi-lingual, multi-religious and pervaded with incalculable issues, the issues of ignorance are a major test in transit of its advancement. In this direction, open and distance learning (ODL) plays an important role in providing quality education to the learners who are unable to be a part of the formal system of education. Open and distance learning serves as a source of education for the marginalized and disadvantaged sections of the society. Open and distance learning goes for the spread of learning and securing information through distance mode including the utilization of any correspondence innovation to give chances to advanced education. Regardless of caste, creed and religion, it provides uniform education to different sections of the society. The purpose of this paper is to assess the attitude and satisfaction level of the learners towards open and distance learning. Design/methodology/approach For this study, explorative research methodology has been used, and analysis has been done on the basis of data extracted from the primary and secondary sources of information. The respondents were personally interviewed through structured interviewed schedule for the collection of primary data. In fact, the interview is an act of verbal communication for the purpose of eliciting information. In addition to intensive field work, secondary sources like records, manuscripts, survey reports and many other related studies and their findings have been used as the source of secondary information collected through respective sources. Findings ODL has been successful in realizing its objective, reaching to the unreached by spreading education in the remote and far-flung areas through its study centers located in various locations. However, there is more need of creating awareness among the people in the far-flung areas by opening more study centers as per the need and geographical location of the area. In the present era of science, technology and innovation, no major shift has been seen among the parents towards the girl child: and providing education to the girl child is not the top priority in the villages, marriage gets the first preference instead of education. However, girls are coming forward to continue their education but the problem is that of money as in the case of boy respondents. So there is a need to review the fee structure of the ODL program as per the economic conditions of the student’s family, and some provisions should be made, especially for the girl students, to motivate them to come forward to continue their education, as it will spread message among other girls who did not complete their schooling. Social implications Through this paper, it could be realized that ODL provides opportunities to those who have no access to normal schooling but want to continue their education to compete in the changing world. ODL plays an important role in the hilly regions where most of the children left or dropped out their studies, especially the girls students, due to various reasons: it may be the long distance of the school from home or poor economic condition of the family. ODL emerged as a tool in solving all the problems and reaching the unreached through its learner-friendly approach. Originality/value Open and distance learning gives uniform stage to the individuals who need to upgrade their education and also skill development. This paper finds out that majority of the learners were satisfied with the performance of the open schooling. A positive attitude towards open schooling was found among the learners. They were of the view that because of open schooling, they gained self-confidence and better status in the society. They were of the opinion that they were no longer considered as a loser and they were in a position to get something new, which may be helpful for them and their family.
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Puspitasari, Febiola, Eka Afdi Septiyono, and Fahruddin Kurdi. "Fun Learning With Youtube and Origami During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Dedikasi Saintek Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (January 9, 2023): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58545/djpm.v1i1.17.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has turned people into individualistic people. The rules that are created cause the entire community to engage in social distancing. Reducing activities outside the home that cause crowds of people. No exception for workers as well as students and students who are studying. With the recommendation of activities at home, workers and students are forced to do work from home and study from home. Through the KKN Back To Village: Innovation Program to Support School Children During Covid-19, it is hoped that the education system in Indonesia can be improved again. Learning with the Youtube platform media is expected to enable students to experience fun learning without feeling bored. And with origami media, it is hoped that target students can continue to preserve traditional culture by learning brain teasers using origami media, which also has a positive influence on increasing creativity and activity and brain memory of target students. The problems and case studies that the authors take are from the Kebonsari Village, Sumbersari District, Jember Regency, East Java. From this KKN activity, the author can increase the knowledge of target students that the Youtube platform is not only a place to watch cartoons or tutorials and etc., but the Youtube platform can also be a place for learning. The author also explains that the Youtube platform must be used for positive things, such as being a place for learning media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Especially during the current pandemic, if target students don't get material from their school, they can learn via the Youtube platform. It is hoped that the target students will be able to undergo online learning smoothly by understanding the material that has been explained well.
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Hermawan, Diki, and Eko Budi Setiawan. "Prototype of Gas Warning Monitoring Application Using Mobile Android Smartphone : A Case Study." International Journal of New Media Technology 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v4i1.533.

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This study aims to monitor gas leakage with case studies in a national company engaged in the production of polycarbonate for drinking water packaging. In the future this research will be referred to as the Company. The Company implements Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja or socalled. System Management K3 (SMK3) to create a safety and health system by involving elements of management, labor, conditions and an integrated work environment in order to prevent and reduce accidents and occupational diseases. One of the causes of work accidents of the many causes that should be a concern is the danger that can be caused by the leaking gas LPG installation. Such hazards may cause explosions to fire that may threaten the safety of workers in companies using LPG gas for their production processes. The system in this study was designed to monitor and provide gas leak warnings to leaked LPG gas installations and promptly take prompt and automatic precautions. With the development of warning gas monitoring via android raspberry-based pi is expected to improve the security system and reduce therisk of work accident caused by LPG gas. Index Terms— Gas Monitoring, Raspberry pi, MQ2, LPG, Android REFERENCES[1] F. Pangkey dan G. Y. Malingkas, “Jurnal Ilmiah MEDIA ENGGINEERING,” Penerapan Sistem ManajemenKeselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) Pada Proyek Konstruksi Di Indonesia , vol. 2 , pp. 100-113, 2012.[2] B. Hadiwijaya, D. dan A. A. Zahra, “TRANSIENT,” Perancangan Aplikasi CCTV Sebagai Pemantau RuanganMenggunakan IP Camera, vol. 3, p. 232, 2014.[3] R. F. Giant, “Perancangan Aplikasi Pemantau Dan Pengendali Piranti Elektronik Pada Ruangan BerbasisWeb,” TRANSMISI , vol. 2, pp. 71-74, 2015.[4] S. Paul, A. Antony. , “International Journal Of Computing and Technology,” Android Based Home AutomationUsing Raspberry Pi , vol. 1, pp. 143-147, 2014.[5] M. P. Sulistyanto, D. A. Nugraha, N. Sari, N. Karima dan W. Asrori, “Implementasi IOT (Internet Of Things) dalam Pembelajaran di Universitas Kanjuruan Malang,” SMARTICS Journal , vol. 1, pp. 20-23, 2015.[6] H. N. Lengkong, “Perancangan Penunjuk Rute Pada Kendaraan Pribadi Menggunkan Aplikasi GIS BerbasisAndroid Yang Terintregasi Pada Google Maps,” EJournal Teknik Elektro dan Komputer, vol. 1, pp. 20-21,2015.[7] B. Prakasa, M. S. Qiron dan D. Hermanto, “Automatisasi Smart Home Dengan Rasperry Pi Dan SmartphoneAndroid,” pp. 1-13.[8] D. Nurmali dan S. Suhartini, “Komunikasi Data Digital menggunakan Gelombang Radio HF,” Penelitian PusatPemamfaatan Sains Antartika Lapan , vol. 1, pp. 27-30,2005.
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Uniek Praptiningrum, W. "Roof Fruit and Vegetable Garden, is Accurate as the Element Eco Green Settlement, Housing in the City Today? Case Study: House Live in Downtown Surabaya Indonesia." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.774.

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To implement an architecture work, such as residential , residential houses and the like , atmosphere and a healthy environment has a very important role . To be categorized as a good architecture work , the building should be : interesting in terms of the appearance, comfortable to occupied, beautiful views , safety in construction , have the local wisdom and friendly to nature and the environment . In the era of globalization , these values began to shift , especially residential buildings , residential on the center of the city. For examples, narrow courtyard, the dominance of concrete and glass building material , and barren surrounding environments , green plants are very minimal . The selection of building materials , such as air conditioning with its CFC content , electronic equipment within the building that are not environmentally friendly , the complement of air pollution both within and outside the residential buildings This happens due to the high price of land in urban area , community and individualism are more viscous , the long-term health awareness that less attention , and prioritizing practicality in activities and maintenance of their home . In Surabaya, Eco Green to meet the government regulation has been established and implemented for green space solutions. And impact of global warming have already exceeded the 30 % required . But the percentage of RTH Private relative still small. also RTH option is needed in order more efficient in land and comsution,provide more benefits such value . Fruit and Vegetable Roof Garden , has not been widely applied , particularly for the residential in the city's center such as Surabaya . The purpose of the assessment is to analyze the results of several researchers who have collected additional benefits obtained on the utilization of natural resources including the application of roof greening fruit and vegetable garden at home, if applicable accurate to a big city like Surabaya . .The method used in this study is to do with the spaciousness survey , study references , browsing through the internet , collect some data from studies that have been done by some competent source , then perform the analysis . While the results obtained are not significantly appear on the application of the RTH Privat, even trend looks to be making investments that material's large profit-oriented , ease of maintenance and trends , compared with consideration would preserve local knowledge , and friendliness to the environment and natural healthy . It can be seen from the increasing number of existing homes , both of the simple type , medium and luxury using modern building materials , with a fairly large area of the building and the lack of balance in an open area for reforestation , especially with the application
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Astari, Anak Agung Elik, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, I. Putu Gde Sukaatmadja, and I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Giantari. "Integration of technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB): An e-wallet behavior with fear of covid-19 as a moderator variable." International Journal of Data and Network Science 6, no. 4 (2022): 1427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.5.008.

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E-wallet usage in transactions during the Covid-19 pandemic is a cashless movement that supports breaking the chain of transmission of the Covid-19 virus. Intention to use E-wallet during the pandemic is high due to the stay-at-home recommendation that was enforced since the beginning of the breakdown of the first case in Indonesia. Several studies on technology acceptance have been carried out and this study presents a research framework by integrating technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB) to obtain more comprehensive results to increase technology acceptance intentions by adding virus fear and risk perception to the models that have been tested previously, since the research was conducted when the pandemic is ongoing. The results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk have a direct or indirect effects on attitudes toward using and behavioral intention to use, moderating results of fear of covid-19 on attitudes and intentions as well was found to significantly increase behavioral intention to use E-wallet during the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Megasari, Lutfi Apreliana, Siti Mas'udah, and Priyono Tri Febrianto. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Work From Home Policy on Poor Communities and Women in Rural Area." Society 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v9i2.285.

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The COVID-19 outbreak has brought multiple profound effects on the economic sector worldwide. This study aims to determine the socio-economic impact caused by the COVID-19. Considering Indonesian lower-classes, this study used a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and collected 274 respondents. Data were obtained from questionnaire interviews with poor women in rural East Java. The data source was selected using a random sampling technique. Literature studies were carried out to collect data related to research. The results show that the pandemic in Indonesia has caused a tremendous impact on the socio-economic sector of society and women from the lower classes in rural areas. They suffer from huge losses ranging from reduced income to loss of work. This study also highlights the Work From Home (WFH) policy, which cannot be implemented on the lower classes because many of them are laid off, and some employees who continue to work are at risk of disease exposure. Likewise, the COVID-19 pandemic and Work From Home (WFH) policy evoke several problems for women. The household responsibility of women is proven to increase during the pandemic. The women who do WFH seem to be preoccupied in two roles, first, as a worker, second, as a housewife who assists the household. Specifically, it means women are required to do domestic and public work. Therefore, gender awareness is needed to minimize women’s disadvantages in this case.
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Rusmin, Rusmin, and John Evans. "Audit quality and audit report lag: case of Indonesian listed companies." Asian Review of Accounting 25, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-06-2015-0062.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relation between two dimensions of auditor quality, namely, auditor industry specialization and auditor reputation and the audit report lag. Design/methodology/approach The data collection focuses on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the financial year of 2010 and 2011. To ensure data homogeneity and reduce industry bias, this study focuses solely on manufacturing companies identified by the Indonesian Capital Market Directory. Findings This study finds a negative and significant association between industry-specialist auditors and audit report timeliness. Companies audited by industry-specialist auditors have shorter audit delays. The authors also find evidence that Big 4 auditors perform significantly faster audit work than their non-Big 4 counterparts. In addition, this study reports a statistical and significant relationship between auditing complexity, companies’ profitability, auditors’ business risk, and industry classification and audit report lag. The results show that firms with a large number of subsidiaries and firms experiencing poorer financial performance are found to be associated with longer reporting delays. Moreover, audit report timeliness is found to be faster for companies in the low-profile industry sector and owned by family members. Research limitations/implications Similar to other empirical investigations, this study is not without certain caveats. First, the period of audit report lag in this study reflects the audit work from the year-end to the audit report date. The authors do not consider audit work conducted outside this period in the analysis. Second, there are numerous control variables and although the authors have attempted to capture those variables to maintain the integrity of the research there are likely other excluded variables that may be important in explaining audit report timeliness. Finally, there are other factors, for example, an administrative approval process with the audit firm home office, which can affect audit report lags but have not been included in the model analysis. Future studies can seek to focus on refinements to the proxy measures for dependent and experimental variables. Practical implications Insights drawn from this study may be of assistance to policy makers as they consider the costs and benefits associated with varying levels of audit market concentration as well as providing a snapshot of the level of non-compliance on audit timeliness in Indonesia. Originality/value This study provides further empirical evidence on the relation between auditor quality and audit report lag using data from a different domestic setting. This study also enriches the auditor quality literature by employing industry-specialist and Big 4 auditors as a predictor for the timeliness of audit reports.
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Chasanah, Faizul, and Hiroyuki Sakakibara. "Implication of Mutual Assistance Evacuation Model to Reduce the Volcanic Risk for Vulnerable Society: Insight from Mount Merapi, Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 8110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138110.

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The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case of a Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in the community and a lack of evacuation transport and government volunteers led some people to walk to the meeting area. Consequently, low walking speeds by vulnerable persons may increase the risk and delay. Therefore, the mutual assistance strategy is proposed to support vulnerable people by evacuating them with young people. This grouping was simulated using an AnyLogic software with the agent-based model concept. Pedestrians and vehicles played the roles of significant agents in this experiment. Evacuation departure rate, actual walking speed, group size, route, and coordination were crucial agent parameters. Human behavior and agent distribution were investigated using stakeholders and local community interviews. We measured the walking speed directly to find the independent and group speed. Afterward, we developed three scenarios and models for the evacuation process. A traffic approach was used in the simulation. The results revealed that this mutual assistance model is effective for the rapid evacuation and risk reduction of vulnerable communities where successful evacuation rates have improved. The highest arrival rating was obtained by the Model 3, which was assembled and well-coordinated from home. These findings are a novelty in the volcano context and reflect all categories of vulnerable behavior involving the elderly, disabled, children, and pregnant mothers. The model will benefit disaster management studies and authorities’ policies for sustainable evacuation planning and aging population mitigation.
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Hidayah, Rifa, Elfi Mu’awanah, Arif Zamhari, Munardji Munardji, and Naqiyah Naqiyah. "Learning Worship as a Way to Improve Students’ Discipline, Motivation, and Achievement at School." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 3 (July 25, 2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/748.

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A discipline of worship and seems to be associated with the fact that students who apply discipline in worship should demonstrate more autonomy in school. This research used a case study design with a qualitative approach to data analysis. Participants in this study included four sixth-grade students, two teachers, and one principal from Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The data for this study were gathered through direct observation and an in-depth interview. Direct observation was used to immerse students in how they perform their worship and Islamic beliefs at home and at school in order for them to be aware of their faith, worship, and application in their daily lives, and thus disciplines at schools, motivation to learn, and efforts to increase academic attainments are identified. Throughout the study, in-depth interviews with teachers, principals, and parents were conducted three times, and all were registered verbatim. To describe both numeric data and themes, data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicate that worships contribute significantly to internal and practical discipline efforts and behaviors. Students' future and proper insight into education opportunities and their future of existence are threatened by their knowledge of worship. Psychologically, students do well in terms of motivation and academic achievement. After receiving teaching worship, self-confidence, trust, spirit, belief, and self-efficacy all improve.
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Herlina, Amalia, Ahmad Daviatu Firdausi, Sulhan Maulana Akmal Habibi, and Virgan Dirgantara. "IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THROUGH INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) FOR SMART HOME APPLICATION TRAINING FOR STUDENTS OF SMK NURUL JADID PROBOLINGGO." Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Services) 5, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v5i2.2021.274-286.

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AbstractThe advancement of science and technology in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 is developing rapidly, including the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) which makes the world smarter. An example of its implementation is the smart home system which offers advantages, so that it is currently being widely socialized in Indonesian society. This training aims to provide solutions to partner problems, namely SMK Nurul Jadid, especially Grade 12 students. There are two main problems with partners that have a high level of urgency to be resolved, namely improving science and technology, and developing 21st century competence for students. The series of activities carried out included 1) Making IoT learning media for smart home systems, 2) Learning about IoT and smart home systems, 3) Training on making smart home designs, 4) Training on assembling smart home system tools, 5) Training on the use of the Blynk Application for smart home control system 6) Development of 21st century competence (digital era literacy, effective communication, inventive thinking, and high productivity). Activity achievement is measured using the before after test (pre-test and post-test) method. From the increasing number of correct answers in the post-test, it is known that there is an increase in students' understanding of science and technology about IoT for smart home systems. Meanwhile, the achievement of 21st century competency development is measured by the value of case studies given to students in which the entire group of students achieves the predicate of GOOD. The implementation of all training activities went well. The results of the evaluation questionnaire stated that students felt that this training was very beneficial for improving science and technology and also very beneficial for the development of their competencies. Thus, this series of activities is a solution because it can solve internal problems as well as solutions to external problems of partners.Keywords: BLYNK IoT Platforms, Internet of Thing, Smart Home System, Vocational High School AbstrakKemajuan IPTEK di era Revolusi Industri 4.0 berkembang pesat dan cepat, termasuk perkembangan Internet of Things (IoT) yang membuat dunia lebih pintar. Contoh implementasinya adalah sistem smart home yang menawarkan keunggulan, sehingga saat ini mulai banyak disosialisasikan di masyarakat Indonesia. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi permasalahan mitra yaitu SMK Nurul Jadid khususnya siswa Kelas 12. Terdapat dua permasalahan utama mitra yang memiliki tingkat urgensi tinggi untuk diselesaikan, yaitu peningkatan IPTEK dan pengembangan kompetensi abad 21 bagi siswa. Rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi 1) Pembuatan media pembelajaran IoT untuk sistem smart home, 2) Pembelajaran tentang IoT dan sistem smart home, 3) Pelatihan pembuatan desain smart home, 4) Pelatihan perakitan alat sistem smart home 5) Pelatihan penggunaan Aplikasi Blynk untuk sistem kontrol smart home 6) Pengembangan kompetensi abad 21 (literasi era digital, komunikasi efektif, berpikir inventif dan produktivitas tinggi). Capaian kegiatan diukur menggunakan metode tes before after (pre-test dan post-test). Dari jumlah jawaban benar yang meningkat pada post-test, diketahui adanya peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap IPTEK tentang IoT untuk sistem smart home. Sedangkan pencapaian pengembangan kompetensi abad 21 diukur dari nilai studi kasus yang diberikan pada siswa yang mana seluruh kelompok siswa mencapai predikat BAIK. Pelaksanaan seluruh kegiatan pelatihan berlangsung dengan baik. Hasil kuesioner evaluasi menyebutkan, siswa merasakan bahwa pelatihan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi peningkatan IPTEK dan juga sangat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan kompetensi mereka. Dengan demikian, rangkaian kegiatan ini merupakan solusi karena dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan internal sekaligus solusi permasalahan eksternal mitra.Kata kunci: Aplikasi BLYNK, Internet of Thing, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, Smart Home System
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Kellett, Peter, and Wendy Bishop. "Reinforcing Traditional Values: Social, Spatial and Economic Interactions in an Indonesian Kampung." Open House International 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2006-b0008.

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Traditional environments consist not only of physical buildings and spaces but also the people and their activities which take place within them. This paper examines some aspects of the interrelationship between people and places. Traditional social values are believed to be undermined by the harsh imperatives of survival in the expanding urban areas of the developing world. The collaborative nature of many rural societies can be contrasted with the hard, individualistic and competitive character of life in developing cities. Unregulated, urban, economic processes in particular are assumed to be antagonistic towards gemeinschaft ideals because the logic of the market has little respect for non-monetary values. However one of the key characteristics of many informal economies is the ability of participants to draw creatively and flexibly on all potential resources: human, material and spatial. This is particularly evident in households and settlements where a significant proportion of the economic activity is within micro scale, home-based enterprises (HBEs). By blurring and re-configuring the spatial and conceptual boundaries between work and home, between production and reproduction, many households are able to generate income to sustain themselves. Intrinsic to these processes are the linkages and exchanges between neighbours and residents, many of which are based on cultural and religious value systems which can be supportive of the economic activities taking place. This paper will explore aspects of the interrelationship between economic and social processes through the use of empirical data collected during periods of participant observation in a consolidated informal urban settlement (kampung) in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Detailed household case studies will be used to illustrate how income generation activities are embedded within social networks and how in many cases traditional collaborative cultural values directly reinforce economic production. This is echoed in the use of space, particularly the overlapping and shared use of streets and alleyways. The paper concludes that despite severe economic constraints many traditional values facilitate survival in times of crisis and can be conducive to longer term sustainability.
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Parmin, Parmin, Miranita Khusniati, R. Ahmad Z. El Islami, Utama A. Deta, and Antomi Saregar. "Online Scientific Argumentation Strategy on Improving Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Scientific Reasoning through Experiment Activity: A Case Study in Indonesia." Perspectives of Science and Education 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.1.39.

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The problem and the aim of the study. Pre-service science teachers have to do some experiments to teach students to find scientific truth. As a result of COVID-19 and the distance learning situation, the unqualified experimental process is found in the ability of pre-service science teachers to discuss findings that lack the support of reliable data. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the online scientific argumentation strategy on the pre-service science teachers' scientific reasoning through a basic science experiment course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methods. The research method used is a mix-methods research design. The data were collected using scientific reasoning tests and interviews and analyzed quantitively and qualitatively. Participants in this study were pre-service science teachers at Universitas Negeri Semarang in Indonesia, consisting of 32 pre-service science teachers in the experimental class and 32 pre-service science teachers in the control class. Results. The essence of scientific argumentation is the delivery of ideas or statements accompanied by valid evidence by a group of people or individuals so that others can accept them. Considering the previous statement, the essence of the online scientific argumentation strategy is to deliver ideas or statements with valid and acceptable evidence through online media. The mean score for the experimental class is 9.9 and 8.5 for the control class. The mean score of pre-service science teachers' scientific reasoning with online scientific argumentation strategy is better than those without online scientific argumentation strategy. However, the number of correct answers for difficult essay questions is more significant than easy multiple-choice questions in some items. Therefore, an interview with pre-service science teachers who answered correctly was conducted. The respondents from the experimental class have no difficulty, while respondents from the control class have difficulty applying Archimedes' law and understanding questions with more than two variables. In conclusion, the implementation of the online scientific argumentation strategy effectively improves the pre-service science teachers' scientific reasoning through experiments at home during the COVID-19 outbreak. They learn to use the online scientific argumentation strategy in claims and evidence from the experiment results repeatedly to have proven new learning methods. For proper scientific reasoning, understanding is needed by integrating the data and facts so that the online scientific argumentation strategy becomes an alternative practical solution during a pandemic. This study will provide new insight into the online scientific argumentation strategy to improve scientific reasoning for universities. The results of this study may serve as a tool for further studies to explore other learning strategies to improve scientific reasoning or determine other skills that can be improved using the online scientific argumentation strategy.
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Sutjiawan, Jeremy, and Thio Anastasia Petronila. "PENERAPAN METODE PENJUALAN DAN COST VOLUME PROFIT DALAM PERENCANAAN LABA." Prosiding Working Papers Series In Management 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/wpm.v13i1.36-52.

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This research aims to analyze the effective sales method and the benefits of implementing the Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis in order to be able to plan profits and make appropriate decisions. Research using case studies for Geprek Koplo Chicken at Hangry Indonesia for the period July until September 2020 . Data were obtained through interviews with related parties, observations, and viewing company financial documents. For the purposes of CVP analysis on Geprek Koplo Chicken, costs were classified based on cost behavior in relation to changes in the level of activity into fixed costs and variable costs.The results showed that the company's sales were effective using GrabFood, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic where there was a reduction in community activity outside the home so that many people prefer to use GrabFood services compared to the Hangry application. With CVP analysis, the company can (a) determine the level of sales at which the company does not make a profit or a loss (break-even point sales) of IDR 3,946,127,482, (b) determine sales projections if the company wants to get a certain profit target, (c) MOS ratio of -35.84% , (d) ) DOL of -2,79x, and (e) SDP of IDR3,927,908,379.
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Ekawati, Reny, Supangat Supangat, and Hairrudin Hairrudin. "The Relationship between Exposure Tobacco Smoke in Pregnant Women with Perinatal Death in Jember Regency." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v5i3.9610.

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Perinatal death is an indicator of the success implementing a country's health services. Perinatal death rate in Indonesia in 2012 was 26/1000 live births. In 2017 there were 225 cases of infant mortality from 34,669 births in Jember Regency. Perinatal death is influenced by maternal, infant, health services and the living environment. The environmental conditions of the residence can be affected by cigarette smoke. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of exposure tobacco smoke in pregnant women with perinatal death in Jember Regency and to find out the main source of exposure tobacco smoke in pregnant women in Jember Regency. Type of research is analytic observation with case control study design. The sampling technique is consecutive sampling. The study sample was mothers who had a dead baby in the perinatal period (perinatal death) who resided in the Jember regency on the birth of January-December 2017. The sample size was 30 for each group. Collected data was carried out by univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test and fisher exact test if the chi-square test requirements were not met. Results of univariate analysis in this study showed that 89.47% of the main sources of exposure tobacco smoke originated from home and 73.68% from husbands. Results of the chi-square test between exposure tobacco smoke with perinatal death p value 0.579 (p> 0.05). Confounding variables that had no significant difference between the case and control groups were parity (p = 0.116, p> 0.05), education (p = 0.083, p> 0.05), birth distance (p = 0.26, p> 0.05), and birth attendants (p = 0.492, p> 0.05). Based on the results of these studies it can be concluded that exposure tobacco smoke in pregnant women is not associated with perinatal death and the main source of exposure tobacco smoke in pregnant women comes from home and at most from husbands. Keywords: exposure tobacco smoke, pregnant women, perinatal death
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Kisnarini, Rika, Johannes Krisdianto, and Iwan Adi Indrawan. "Contribution of Balcony on Thermal Comfort : Rusunawa Surabaya." Open House International 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0003.

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Dwelling, which is a basic human need (Maslow, 1970) should act as an object of technology that serves as a place for individuals or families to conduct all their daily activities in order to meet their needs in life. In case of sustainability, thermal comfort is one of the most important comfort conditions that must be achieved (Szokolay SV, 1980). Proper air movement control may lessen the demand for energy, thus reducing the expense of providing a comfortable home (Boutet, 1987). However, to ensure the acceleration of air movement, the availability of both inlet and outlet openings in the building or space become an absolute requirement (Olgyay Victor, 1973). Rusunawa is a typical rental-apartment in Indonesia that served for low income families. The types of existing space generally include: a multi-functional space, a kitchen, and a bathroom/WC, and sometimes is furnished by a balcony. There is only one living space in rusunawa that is the multi-functional space which is often used for: living, sleeping, studying, watching TV, eating, storing, child-caring, and probably more other functions. Not to mention if the family has a home-based business. Among rusunawa unit types that existed in all fourteen locations in Surabaya, some of them were built without a really outdoor balcony, meaning that the balconies were provided indoor, instead of in the cantilever system. These indoor balconies accommodate the same household activities as those of outdoor balconies. However, the contribution to the internal thermal comfort may not be the same. By using Ecotect analysis 2011 program, This research intends to investigate the comparison of thermal conditions of the inner space between rusunawa unit having a balcony (outdoor), and rusunawa unit without a balcony (indoor). The result of this comparison is meant to convince the contribution of unit having a balcony to the thermal comfort of inner space, to ensure whether the design of the future rusunawa units should be equipped with a balcony or not. To further reassure its contribution, this experiment is continued by comparing between unit having just a balcony and unit having a balcony that equipped with sun-devices.
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