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Mecca, Jennifer Lynn. "Home-modification : a search for the American home amid a structure of conventionality." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68753.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-90).
Since its origin in the postwar period the image and spatial structure surrounding the suburban house has perpetuated a singular notion of what house and family are. This postwar concept of what the average family and house are do not correspond to the multiple social groupings and life-styles prevalent today. As it is currently produced, the suburban house is intended in form, program and policy for a single-family structure, and any attempt to alter these aspects produces a disjuncture between the structure and the household it must support. While some, such as Dolores Hayden, have suggested alternative housing designs for those families that do not match the postwar notion of the average family, these families remain marginalized by the form, policy, and space afforded them in available housing. Given the multiplicity of household organizations present today, several examples of domestic architecture provide insight into potential spatial characteristics that allow flexibility in response to alterations in the constructs surrounding family organization and use. In formulating a new sense of spatial organization, qualities of place extracted from existing models provide an understanding of the spatial characteristics necessary to make the house function as a place for both collective activity and private, individual habitation. Aspects of these precedents -- contextual relationships, transition space, threshold, and access -- serve to support necessary distinctions between public and private realms of the house, while simultaneously allowing for the flexibility necessary to accommodate changing social structures. The implementation of a new structure for the suburban house that is based in a spatial rather than programmatic distinction of place is intrinsic to the meaning of the house in its current social context. Such a framework for thinking about the house can provide a basis for a lasting structure in the suburbs, while allowing for alterations in the specific aspects required of the dwelling that will inevitably change with the passage of time. In response to the need for a change in the nature of the suburban house, a series of diagrams are proposed as a means of reconciling the discrepancies found between the suburban house and the current exigencies of American families. Through the application of a series of spatial arrangements derived from existing models, these diagrams are intended as an operative framework for rethinking the design of the suburban house. By employing the spatial characteristics found in the precedents and overlaying needs, family structures, and use patterns, the diagrams are able to provide a flexible structure for the suburban house -- one that is able to turn the house, an object of repetitive production, into a home that can accommodate a multiplicity of households.
by Jennifer Lynn Mecca.
M.S.
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Thieman, Lauren Pauline. "Clients' perspectives of the home modification process and products." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1215984301.
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Burns, Edward E. (Edward Eugene). "End-user modification and correction of home activity recognition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61941.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).
Sensor-enabled computer systems capable of recognizing specific activities taking place in the home may enable a host of "context-aware" applications such as health monitoring, home automation, remote presence, and on-demand information and learning, among others. Current state-of-the-art systems can achieve close to 90% accuracy in certain situations, but the decision processes involved in this recognition are too complex for the end-users of the home to understand. Even at 90% accuracy, errors are inevitable and frequent, and when they do occur the end-users have no tools to understand the cause of errors or to correct them. Instead of such complex approaches, this work proposes and evaluates a simplified, user-centric activity recognition system that can be understood, modified, and improved by the occupants of a context-aware home. The system, named Distinguish, relies on high-level, common sense information to construct activity models used in recognition. These models are transferable between homes and can be modified on a mobile phone-sized screen. Observations are reported from a pilot evaluation of Distinguish on naturalistic data gathered continuously from an instrumented home over a period of a month. Without any knowledge of the target home or its occupant's behaviors and no training data other than common sense information contributed by web users, the system achieved a baseline activity recognition accuracy of 20% with 51 target activities. A user test with 10 participants demonstrated that end-users were able to not only understand the cause of the errors, but with a few minutes of effort were also able to improve the system's accuracy in recognizing a particular activity from 12.5% to 52.3%. Based on the user study, 5 design recommendations are presented.
by Edward E. Burns.
S.M.
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Reilly, Lucy. "Progressive modification : how parents deal with home schooling their children with intellectual disabilities." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0035.
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While home schooling is by no means a new phenomenon, the last three decades have seen an increasing trend in the engagement of this educational alternative. In many countries, including Australia, a growing number of families are opting to remove their children from the traditional schooling system for numerous reasons and educate them at home. In response to the recent home schooling movement a research base in this area of education has emerged. However, the majority of research has been undertaken primarily in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, with very few studies having examined home schooling in Australia. The existing corpus of research is also relatively small and incomplete. Also, certain categories of home schoolers and the processes involved in their undertaking of this modern version of a historically enduring educational alternative have been overlooked. In particular, children with disabilities appear to be one of the home schooling groups that have attracted very little research world wide. This group constituted the focus of the study reported in this thesis. Its particular concern was with generating theory regarding how parents deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year. Data gathering was largely carried out through individual, face-to-face semi-structured interviewing and participant observation in the interpretivist qualitative research tradition. However, informal interviews, telephone interviews and documents were also used to gather supplementary data for the study. Data were coded and analysed using the open coding method of the grounded theory model and through the development and testing of propositions. The central research question which guided theory generation was as follows: 'How do parents within the Perth metropolitan area in the state of Western Australia deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year?' The central proposition of the theory generated is that parents do so through progressive modification and that this involves them progressing through three stages over a period of one year. The first stage is designated the stage of drawing upon readily-available resources. The second stage is designated the stage of drawing upon support networks in a systematic fashion. The third stage is designated the stage of proceeding with confidence on the basis of having a set of principles for establishing a workable pattern of home schooling individualised for each circumstance. This theory provides a new perspective on how parents deal with the home schooling of their children with intellectual disabilities over a period of one year. A number of implications for further theory development, policy and practice are drawn from it. Several recommendations for further research are also made.
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O'Sullivan, Jonathan James. "Applications of ultrasound for the functional modification of proteins and submicron emulsion fabrication." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6086/.
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This thesis aims to advance the understanding of ultrasonic processing for the alteration of food microstructures. It considers the impact of ultrasonic processing upon protein structure and for emulsification. It was shown that ultrasound treatment of proteins reduced the hydrodynamic volume of protein aggregates by ultrasonic cavitations. Insufficient acoustic energy was provided to achieve proteolysis. Emulsions prepared with ultrasound treated milk protein isolate, pea protein isolate and bovine gelatin yielded smaller, stable emulsion droplets in comparison to their untreated counterparts. This behaviour is ascribed to more rapid adsorption of protein at the oil-water interface and improved interfacial packing, due to reduction in protein aggregate size. The droplet size of emulsions with sufficient emulsifier (> 0.5 wt. %) emulsion droplet size can be predicted from a mathematical relation between emulsion droplet size (d3,2) and energy density (Ev), an inverse power law. Droplet size predictions were unattainable at low emulsifier concentrations (≤ 0.5 wt. %) due to re-coalescence behaviour attributed to insufficiency of emulsifier and droplet collisions within the acoustic field. Continuous processing yields more efficient utilisation of acoustic energy in comparison to batch configurations due to the intense transmission of acoustic energy within the smaller processing volumes.
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Wintch, Elisha K. "Effects of in-home positive behavior support training on parent perceptions of parent-child relationships and child maladaptive behavior /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2424.pdf.
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Bristow, Katherine. "An exploration into the efficacy of home-based interpretive bias modification programmes on emotional pathology." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65621/.
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This research portfolio sought to examine and extend current evidence around the potential for home-based Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) training to retrain interpretive biases and improve emotional pathology. To this aim, 12 published studies exploring this potential in depression and anxiety were systematically reviewed. Overall, evidence for clearer training effects appeared to follow studies for which CBM targeted depressive interpretive biases, which typically adopted a different delivery modality for the training. Studies exploring CBM utility in anxiety-based presentations were less homogenous in their clinical focus. A common confound in this research appeared to be lack of between-group differences due to unanticipated improvements in control groups. An empirical study is then presented, which explored the efficacy of a home-based CBM package targeting worry in an older adult sample reporting generalised anxiety symptomology. Six individuals participated in this nonconcurrent multiple baseline study involving a seven-day CBM training phase and follow-up. The study identified a moderate response to CBM, in which half the sample showed evidence of training improvements in daily well-being measures. Overall changes in diagnostic scores of generalised anxiety symptomology indicated statistically reliable but not clinically meaningful progress. Performance data provided key insight into potential moderating factors affecting CBM efficacy, such as anxiety-related interference of engagement with the training. Despite the study’s originality in terms of both the sample’s age cohort and clinical presentation, the results largely coincide with the 12 reviewed studies. The portfolio concludes with recommendations for future research, with advice to extend the age range of study samples to include appropriate lifespan representation.
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Perkins, Savannah. "Causes and Treatment of Foreclosure: A Review of the Obama Administration's Home Affordable Modification Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/51.
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After the recent housing bubble burst, foreclosures ran rampant across the United States. Focused concentrations occurred in Florida, California, Nevada, Utah, and other states. Despite government intervention through many foreclosure mitigation plans, the housing market is still incredibly volatile today. With many plans proving ineffective, the Obama Administration has its hopes set on the Making Home Affordable program (MHA), which is broken down into the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) and the Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP). This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the Home Affordable Modification Program on overall and individual mortgage servicer levels by assessing changes in effectiveness of the overall program and evaluating each mortgage company’s effectiveness over time.
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Harvey, Mark T. "Implementation of trans-situational behavior support systems in home and school environments : expanding the technology of generalization /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9998035.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-175). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Farrell, Brian M. "Body Composition Changes and Work-Efficiency Effects from Diet Modification and Incorporation of an At-Home Exercise Regimen." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1265984423.
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Bridge, Catherine. "Computational case-based redesign for people with ability impairment rethinking, reuse and redesign learning for home modification practice /." Connect to full text, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/707.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.Title from title screen (viewed 30 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Architecture, Design Science and Planning, Faculty of Architecture. Degree awarded 2006; thesis submitted 2005. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Subasic, Kathleen. "Planning for the future : a grounded theory study of well older adults' decision-making regarding home modifications." Diss., NSUWorks, 2014. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_ot_student_dissertations/32.
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The purpose of this dissertation research was to understand the decision-making process that well older adults use when deciding whether to make a home modification. The researcher also sought to understand the views of well older adults concerning the use of home modification to prevent injury and declines in occupational performance. The researcher used the Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) model (Law et al., 1996) from occupational therapy and occupational science as the orienting framework.
A qualitative grounded theory approach based on that proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) was used to structure data collection and analysis. Participants were obtained using purposive and theoretical sampling and were interviewed by the researcher. The 19 participants in this study ranged in age from 65 to 89.
Findings from this study include a model of the decision-making process that well older adults used to plan for their futures related to home setting and modification and also a substantive grounded theory. The Theory of Home Modification Decision-Making: Well Older Adults is proposed and explained. Central to the theory are two decision-making processes, including the conditions that influence the decisions. These findings and the theory are discussed relative to the PEO model and existing occupational therapy and gerontology literature. The information gained from this study is beneficial to occupational therapists and Certified Aging-in-Place Specialists to improve and expand their services to the well older adult population.
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ADDO, OPPONG YAW. "GENDER-BASED EFFECTS OF DIET MODIFICATION IN COMBINATION WITH AN AT-HOME EXERCISE REGIMEN ON PAIN AND JOINT MOBILITY IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1172864715.
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Näsström, Ingegerd, and Heléne Stenlund. "Bedömningsinstrument användbara för arbetsterapeuter vid bedömning av bostadsanpassning för vuxna med främst fysisk funktionsnedsättning-en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-154307.
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Sammanfattning Syftet: Att sammanställa vad som fanns beskrivet i vetenskaplig litteratur om bedömningsinstrument som kan användas av arbetsterapeuter för bedömning av behov av bostadsanpassning för vuxna med främst fysiskt funktionsnedsättning. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med sökning på fyra sökord i sju databaser. För att få ytterligare information om de funna bedömningsinstrumenten gjordes en manuell sökning via artiklarnas referenslistor för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna. Resultat: Författarna fann sju bedömningsinstrument som bedömde olika aspekter av miljön i relation till person och/eller aktivitet. Inget av bedömningsinstrumenten var avsett att enbart bedöma behovet av bostadsanpassning. Resultatet styrker behovet av bedömningsinstrument som innehåller både observation och självskattningsmoment för att få en helhetsbild av miljöns tillgänglighet och användbarhet. Konklusion: Arbetsterapeuter som bedömer behovet av bostadsanpassning behöver bedömningsinstrument som mäter både subjektiva och objektiva aspekter av hemmiljö. Fem av bedömningsinstrumenten innehöll antingen självskattnings- eller observationsmoment och om de kombineras med varandra får arbetsterapeuten en helhetsbild. Två av bedömningsinstrumenten innehöll båda aspekterna.Summary Purpose: To compile what was described in scientific literature on assessment instruments that can be used by occupational therapists to assess the need for home modifications for adults with primarily physical disabilities. Method: Systematic literature search with four keywords in seven databases. To obtain additional information about the assessment instruments a manual search of article reference lists was carried out in order to answer the specific study questions of the study. Results: The authors found seven assessment instruments which assessed various aspects of the environment in relation to person and / or activity. None of the assessment instruments were designed to only assess the need for home modifications. The results proved the need for assessment instruments that contain both observation and self-assessment elements to obtain a complete picture of environmental accessibility and usability. Conclusion: Occupational therapists who assess the need for housing modification needs assessment instrument that measures both subjective and objective aspects of the home environment. Five of the assessment instruments contained either self-estimation or observation moments and when combined, the occupational therapist gets an complete picture. Two of the assessment instruments included both aspects.
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Malmlund, Malin, and Shilan Jaderi. "Arbetsterapeuters kunskaper och erfarenheter av sitt arbete med bostadsanpassningsärenden : En kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och välfärdsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-145668.
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I takt med att befolkningen lever längre och åldersstrukturen förändras har samhället genomfört en satsning för att äldre ska kunna bo kvar hemma så länge som möjligt, den så kallade Kvarboendeprincipen. Följden är att vårdrelaterade insatser har ökat i hemmet där bostadsanpassning är en insats som möjliggör kvarboende längre. För att få en bostadsanpassning krävs det att en arbetsterapeut, eller annan sakkunnig, intygar att behovet finns genom att bedöma personens funktionsnedsättning relaterat till det som utgör ett hinder för aktivitetsutförande. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva arbetsterapeuters kunskaper och erfarenheter av sin roll i bostadsanpassningsprocessen samt hur arbetsterapeuten involverar klienten i denna process. Tio arbetsterapeuter med minst två års arbetserfarenhet inom bostadsanpassningsområdet intervjuades genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet framhäver arbetsterapeutens olika roller gentemot klienten och bostadsanpassningsenheten. Resultatet belyser även etiska dilemman och vikten av den praxisbaserade kunskapen. Vidare skulle en tydligare processbeskrivning och ökad vetenskaplig grund bidra till en mer jämlik vård för klienten, där både vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet används.As people live longer and the age structure changes, society has carried through an initiative to allow older people to live at home as long as possible, the so-called principle remaining living at home. The consequence is that health care related activities have increased in the home where housing adaptation is an initiative that enables remain living at home longer. To get a home modification requires that an occupational therapist, or other expert, certify that the need exists by assessing the person's disability related to that constitutes a barrier to occupational performance. The purpose of this study is to describe occupational therapists knowledge and experience of its role in the home modification process and how the occupational therapist involves the client in this process. Ten occupational therapists with at least two years of work experience in the field of home modifications were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The result highlights the occupational therapist has different roles towards the client and home adaptation unit. The result also highlights the ethical dilemmas and the importance of the practice-based knowledge. Furthermore, a clearer process description and increased scientific basis would contribute to a more equitable care for the client, where both science and proven experience in use.
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Tanner, Bronwyn. "The impact of home modifications on the meaning of home for older people living in the community /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19106.pdf.
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Barnes, Laquita Dawn. "Aging in place: functional environments: a survey and case study in Floyd County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45085.
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The problem addressed in this study was: What home modifications are made to residential environments to meet the functional capabilities of the aging in place audience? The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase I 102 Floyd
County, Virginia, adults 65 years of age or older were interviewed in order to identify their task capabilities and identify the modifications being made to meet their environmental needs and task capabilities. Phase II consisted of a case study of six females taken from the Phase I sample group. This section of the study focused on the modifications identified in Phase I, the techniques
used, and the reasons they were made.
The findings indicate that 26% of the adults in the study were experiencing difficulty with at least one Activity of Daily Living, 33% were experiencing difficulty with at least one Instrumental Activity of Daily Living. However, like many older adults, these individuals had a relatively high function level and wanted to stay in their home as long as possible. Modifications are being made in order to equalize the participants' function level and the characteristics of the living environment.
Housing education programs should be targeted toward the elderly and their family members and provide more information relating to aging in place. Professionals in housing and related fields should have the knowledge
necessary to advise clients on making decisions to help insure their ability to live independently as they age.Master of Science
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Cotten, Jo Ann. "Behavior modificatioon unit study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2963.
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Syed, Ali Asgher. "Hole extraction layer/perovskite interfacial modification for high performing inverted planar perovskite solar cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/553.
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Organo-metallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as a promising alternative photovoltaic technology due to the advantages of low-cost solution fabrication capability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). PSCs can be made using a conventional (n-i-p) structure and an inverted (p-i-n) configuration. PCE of the conventional p-i-n type PSCs is slightly higher than that of the inverted n-i-p type PSCs. However, the TiO2 electron transporting layer adopted in the conventional PSCs is formed at a high sintering temperature of >450 °C. The TiO2 electron transporting layer limits the application of conventional PSCs using flexible substrates that are not compatible with the high processing temperature. The hole extraction layer (HEL) in the inverted p-i-n type PSCs can be prepared by low-temperature solution fabrication processes, which can be adopted for achieving high performance large area flexible solar cells at a low cost. Inverted PSCs with a PCE range from 10 to 20% have been reported over the past few years. In comparison with the progresses of other photovoltaic technologies, the rapid enhancement in PCE of the PSCs offers an attractive option for commercial viability. The aim of this PhD project is to study the origin of the improvement in the performance of solution-processable inverted PSCs. The surface morphological and electronic properties of the HEL are crucial for the growth of the perovskite active layer and hence the performance of the inverted PSCs. Enhancement in short circuit current density (Jsc), reduced loss in open circuit voltage (Voc), improvement in cha Organo-metallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as a promising alternative photovoltaic technology due to the advantages of low-cost solution fabrication capability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). PSCs can be made using a conventional (n-i-p) structure and an inverted (p-i-n) configuration. PCE of the conventional p-i-n type PSCs is slightly higher than that of the inverted n-i-p type PSCs. However, the TiO2 electron transporting layer adopted in the conventional PSCs is formed at a high sintering temperature of >450 °C. The TiO2 electron transporting layer limits the application of conventional PSCs using flexible substrates that are not compatible with the high processing temperature. The hole extraction layer (HEL) in the inverted p-i-n type PSCs can be prepared by low-temperature solution fabrication processes, which can be adopted for achieving high performance large area flexible solar cells at a low cost. Inverted PSCs with a PCE range from 10 to 20% have been reported over the past few years. In comparison with the progresses of other photovoltaic technologies, the rapid enhancement in PCE of the PSCs offers an attractive option for commercial viability. The aim of this PhD project is to study the origin of the improvement in the performance of solution-processable inverted PSCs. The surface morphological and electronic properties of the HEL are crucial for the growth of the perovskite active layer and hence the performance of the inverted PSCs. Enhancement in short circuit current density (Jsc), reduced loss in open circuit voltage (Voc), improvement in charge collection efficiency (ηcc) through suppression of charge recombination were investigated systematically via controlled growth of the perovskite active layer in solution-processed inverted PSCs. Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the widely used solution processable conductive materials for hole transporting in different optoelectronic devices. PEDOT:PSS HEL also is a perfect electron blocking layer due to its high LUMO level. However, it has been reported that PEDOT:PSS HEL is related to the deterioration in the stability of PSCs due to its acidic and hygroscopic nature. Modification of PEDOT:PSS using solvent additives or incorporating metallic oxide nanoparticles for improving the processability and the performance of the inverted PSCs were reported. This work has been focused primary on realizing the controlled growth of perovskite active layer via HEL/perovskite interfacial modification using sodium citrate-treated PEDOT:PSS HEL and WO3-PEDOT:PSS composite HEL. Apart from investigating the properties of the modified PEDOT:PSS HELs, the purpose of the work is to improve the understanding of the effect of modified HEL on the growth of the perovskite layer, revealing the charge recombination processes under different operation conditions, analyzing change extraction probability, and thereby improving the overall performance of the PSCs. PCE of >11.30% was achieved for PSCs with a sodium citrate-modified PEDOT:PSS HEL, which is >20% higher than that of a structurally identical control device having a pristine PEDOT:PSS HEL (9.16%). The incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) and light intensity-dependent J-V measurements reveal that the use of the sodium citrate-modified PEDOT:PSS HEL helps to boost the performance of the inverted PSCs in two ways: (1) it improves the processability of perovskite active layer on HEL, and (2) it enables to enhance the charge extraction efficiency at the HEL/perovskite interface. The suppression of charge recombination in the PSCs with a modified HEL also was examined using photocurrent-effective voltage (Jph-Veff) and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements. Morphological and structural properties of the perovskite layers were investigated using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results reveal that high quality perovskite active layer on the modified HEL was attained forming complete perovskite phase. The surface electronic properties of the modified PEDOT:PSS and pristine PEDOT:PSS layers were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. XPS results reveal that treatment of sodium citrate partially removes the PSS unit in the PEDOT:PSS, resulting in an increase in the ratio of PEDOT to PSS from 0.197 for a treated PEDOT:PSS HEL to that of 0.108 for the pristine PEDOT:PSS HEL. UPS measurements also show that there is an observable reduction in the work function of the modified HEL, implying that sodium citrate-modified PEDOT:PSS HEL possesses an improved electron blocking capability, which is beneficial for efficient operation of the inverted PSCs.;The performance enhancement in MAPbI3-based PSCs with a tungsten oxide (WO3)-PEDOT:PSS composite HEL also was analyzed. The uniform composite WO3-PEDOT:PSS HEL was formed on indium tin oxide (ITO) surface by solution fabrication process. The morphological and surface electronic properties of WO3-PEDOT:PSS composite film were examined using AFM, XPS, UPS and Raman Spectroscopy. SEM images reveal that the perovskite films grown on the composite HEL had a full coverage without observable pin holes. XRD results show clearly that no residual of lead iodide phase was observed, suggesting a complete perovskite phase was obtained for the perovskite active layer grown on the composite HEL. The volume ratio of WO3 to PEDOT:PSS of 1:0.25 was optimized for achieving enhanced current density and Voc in the PSCs. It is demonstrated clearly that the use of the WO3-PEDOT:PSS composite HEL helps to improve the charge collection probability through suppression of the charge recombination at the MAPbI3/composite HEL interface. The charge extraction efficiency at the perovskite/PEDOT:PSS and perovskite/composite HEL interfaces were investigated by analyzing the PL quenching efficiency of the MAPbI3 active layer. It is shown that the PL efficiency quenching at the MAPbI3/composite HEL samples is one order of magnitude higher than that measured for the perovskite/pristine PEDOT:PSS sample, suggesting an enhanced hole extraction probability at the MAPbI3/composite HEL interface. The combined effects of improved perovskite crystal growth and enhanced charge extraction capabilities result in the inverted PSCs with a PCE of 12.65%, which is 22% higher than that of a structurally identical control device (10.39%). The use of the WO3-PEDOT:PSS composite HEL also benefits the efficient operation of the PSCs, demonstrated in the stability test, as compared to that of the control cell under the same aging conditions. With the progresses made in improving the performance of MAPbI3-based PSCs, the research was extended to study the performance of efficient PSCs with mixed halide of MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3. The effect of the annealing temperature on the growth of the mixed MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite active layer was analyzed. It was found that the optimal growth of the mixed perovskite active layer occurred at an annealing temperature of 100°C. UPS results reveal that the ionization potential of 5.76 eV measured for the mixed cation perovskite is lower than that of MAPbI3-based single cation perovskite layer (5.85 eV), while the corresponding electron affinity of the mixed perovskite was 4.28 eV and that for the MAPbI3 layer was 4.18 eV, respectively. The changes in the bandgap and the energy levels of the MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3 and MAPbI3 active layers were examined using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and UPS measurements. Compared to the MAPbI3-based control cell, a 23% increase in Jsc, a 15% increase in Voc and an overall 25% increase in PCE for the MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3 were achieved as compared to that of the MAPbI3-based PSCs. An obvious improvement in charge collection efficiency in MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3-based PSCs operated at different Veff was clearly manifested by the light intensity dependent J-V characteristic measurements. PL quenching efficiency also shows the charge transfer between MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3 and PEDOT:PSS HEL is one order of magnitude higher as compare to that in the MAPbI3-based PSCs, suggesting the formation of improved interfacial properties at the MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3/HEL interface. The impact of incorporating mixed MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite active layer on PCE and the stability of the PSCs was further studied using a combination of TPC measurement and aging test. The stability of MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3- and MAPbI3-based PSCs with respect to the aging time was monitored for a period of >2 months. The MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3-based PSCs are more stable compared to the MAPbI3-based PSCs aged under the same conditions. The aging test supports the findings made with the TPC and light intensity dependent J-V measurements. It shows that the improved interfacial quality at the perovskite/HEL and the enhanced charge extraction capability are favorable for efficient and stable operation of MA0.7FA0.3Pb (I0.9Br0.1)3-based PSCs.
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Albin, Drema Dial. "Making the body (w)hole a qualitative study of body modifications and culture /." Full text (off-campus access restricted to users with UT Austin EID) Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3023541.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001.Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International. Available also from UMI's Dissertation Abstracts.
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Andrus, Wonnita, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Ecology and conservation of prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) in relation to movement in a fragmented urban environment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2620.
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Eighteen prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis) were tracked using radio-telemetry and 82
snakes were PIT-tagged over a 2-year period in Lethbridge, AB to determine population size,
movement patterns, and habitat utilization, and to predict fragmentation effects on the species
within an urban locale. Population size was estimated using closed population models at 374
snakes (295 adults) and open population models at 204 snakes (161 adults), greater than an
estimate of <50 adults in 2003 (Ernst, 2003) and 2006 (Ernst & Quinlan, 2006).
Mean home range sizes, based on 95% minimum convex polygon analysis, differed significantly
between years (31.51 ha in 2005, 3.72 ha in 2006). Calculated movement parameters, such as
mean distance moved per day, total distance moved over the course of the active season, and
frequency of movement varied between years and individuals. Greater-than-expected (under
hypotheses of even habitat choice) utilization was observed in habitat types located within coulee
and flood plain areas, with apparent preference towards unbroken parcels of grassland or
cottonwoods, whereas less-than-predicted utilization of agricultural habitat type was observed.
Fragmentation effects on prairie rattlesnake movement and occurrence were examined through
modeling and were found to coincide with observed species’ locations, suggesting that prairie
rattlesnakes are undergoing modification of movement patterns to avoid highly concentrated
human density or use. Influence of weather on the use of vegetative ground cover was observed,
as it was accessed more by prairie rattlesnakes at higher temperatures.
Recommendations towards future management of the prairie rattlesnake population in Lethbridge
are given, including protection of the Bridge View Drive site and inclusion of varied habitat types
and terrain when planning habitat and wildlife corridors. Management decisions that ensure
remaining habitat parcels and connective areas near rattlesnake foraging or movement corridors
are also advocated. Identification of future research focuses include studies on juvenile
survivorship, genetic structure, and vehicle-related mortality.xii, 83 leaves : col. ill., col. maps ; 29 cm
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Russell, R. C. "The development of a design and construction process protocol to support occupational therapists in delivering effective home modifications." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/40013/.
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Occupational therapists are experts in analysing the transaction between the person and the home environment and they use design and construction methods to redress any imbalance caused by the ageing process or disability. This skill is recognised by many, including governments, who utilise the expertise of occupational therapists to deliver housing modification programmes. However, the role of the occupational therapist within housing modifications services has been criticised. It is claimed that therapists' professional practice is disorganised and not founded on theoretical principles and concepts underpinning the profession. This thesis explores the development of, and a proof of concept for, a design and construction process protocol for home modifications, which seeks to address the issues highlighted above. Using a multi-method research design, the study involved three distinct phases. The first phase involved an on-line survey which was completed by 135 occupational therapists practising in the field of home modifications in the UK. Through a series of open and closed questions, the existing home modification process used by occupational therapists was explored. The second phase comprised a directed content analysis of the qualitative data generated from the online survey. Using the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (Fisher, 2009) and the Design and Construction Process Protocol (Cooper et al., 2008) as the theoretical frameworks, the Home Modification Process Protocol was developed. To identify the benefits of using the Home Modification Process Protocol in occupational therapy practice, the final phase of the study used a single holistic case study design to test the concept of using the protocol in practice. The results of the first phase revealed that existing home modification processes used by occupational therapists throughout the UK lack the theoretical framework that underpins their professional practice, which is evident in other areas of clinical practice. The second part of the study revealed that a 4 phase, 9 sub-phase design and construction process protocol for home modifications could be developed using an inductive and deductive approach to the thematic analysis of the qualitative data, collected during the first phase of the study. The final phase revealed that as a concept, the Home Modification Process Protocol improved participants' understanding of their intervention as a design and construction process and importantly, it provided a theoretical framework for them to understand and articulate their practice as occupational therapists. Overall, the study found that the Home Modification Process Protocol potentially provides occupational therapists working in this area / field with a design and construction process to guide their professional practice. As the Protocol is underpinned by a combined occupational therapy and design and construction theoretical framework, it also has the potential to offer other professionals involved in modifying home environments a more systematic and effective approach to designing and delivering services for older and disabled people in their own homes.
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Boggs, Teresa L. "The Effects of Environmental Modifications and Visual Supports in the Home on Engagement and Challenging Behaviors in Children with Autism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3099.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the impact on engagement and challenging behaviors in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under two treatment conditions: 1) physical modifications to the home environment, and 2) physical modifications plus visual supports in the home environment. Treatment conditions were implemented in the child's home environment with parents serving as interventionist.
A single-subject nonconcurrent baseline design was used across three male participants: ages 3 years, 2 months; 4 years, 4 months; and 4 years, 11 months. The study included four to five baseline sessions, six to nine sessions in Treatment 1, six to nine sessions in Treatment 2 and two follow-up sessions per participant.
During Treatment 1, modifications were made to each child's environment (e.g., decreasing clutter, organizing playthings, and/or establishing a defined play space). Parent awareness training regarding the change was provided, and data was collected using the Individual Child Engagement Record-Revised (Kishida, Kemp, & Carter, 2008) and the Challenging Behavior Record (researcher developed) during play and/or daily routines with the child's parent. During Treatment 2, visual supports were added to the modified environment to add structure and visual clarity (e.g., choice boards and "how to boards"). Parent awareness training regarding the change was provided, and data was collected using the Individual Child Engagement Record-Revised (Kishida et al., 2008) and the Challenging Behavior Record during play and/or daily routines with the child's parent.
Based on the findings of the study, active engagement increased and challenging behaviors decreased following modifications in the home for three young children with autism. In regards to engagement across Treatment 1 and Treatment 2, children demonstrated active engagement with a mean of 62%, 76.89%, and 74.41% from a baseline of 1.75%, 15.75%, and 14.6%, respectively. In regards to challenging behaviors, across Treatment 1 and Treatment 2, children had fewer behaviors that interfered with engagement with a mean of 13.3%, 8.15% and 13.32%, from a baseline of 75%, 27.75%, and 49.2%, respectively. The overall results indicated significant positive effects from the use of physical modifications and physical modifications plus visual support in increasing engagement and decreasing challenging behaviors.
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Guédon, Olivier. "Etude comportementale et modelisation de l'adaptation d'un opérateur humain soumis à une modification infographique de sa relation visuo-manuelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30029.
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La tache de teleoperation dans laquelle un operateur controle a distance un dispositif et en percoit les effets a travers un ecran video impose a tout operateur une phase d'adaptation. La partie introductive de ce travail expose les grandes problematiques de la teleoperation et de l'adaptation dans les domaines de l'automatique et du controle moteur humain. La seconde partie presente les resultats d'etudes experimentales realisees sur des sujets en tache de poursuite de cible sur ecran video suite a une modification de leur relation visuo-manuelle. Une similarite est etablie entre les modifications adaptatives des mouvements de pointage a travers des prismes et celles des mouvements de poursuite a travers un dispositif infographique. L'adaptation dans ce dernier cas est toutefois moins robuste que celle induite par des prismes. Ces manipulations permettent par ailleurs de suivre l'evolution du processus adaptatif. La comparaison des performances de sujets sur des trajectoires predictives ou non, permet de conforter l'hypothese de l'existence de processus proactifs rendant compte du comportement predictif des sujets et d'observer que l'evolution de la performance au cours de l'adaptation, depend de la trajectoire. La derniere etude montre, par comparaison des performances entre un sujet desafferente et un groupe controle, que le manque de proprioception degrade de facon significative la performance et augmente la variabilite. La proprioception joue par ailleurs un role primordial pour l'adaptation. Dans la derniere partie de ce travail, un modele est propose rendant compte des resultats de la partie experimentale. Il permet de simuler les trajectoires effectuees par les sujets normaux et desafferentes dans des conditions de poursuite avec et sans retour visuel, de rendre compte des divers profils d'adaptation observes suivant la nature de la trajectoire et de simuler le comportement adaptatif de ces memes sujets lors d'une alteration de la relation visuo-manuelle.
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Harvey, Alexis R. "The modification of HOMER software application to provide the United States Marine Corps with an energy planning tool." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27842.
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The Marine Corps is getting back to its expeditionary roots, becoming lighter, leaner, and conversely ever more dependent on power. Until recently, expeditionary power planning has been an afterthought in the Marine Corps. HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) is a software tool that will enable Logistics Marines to conduct detailed planning to provide efficient expeditionary power. The focus of this thesis is the addition of Marine Corps systems into HOMER. Specific investigations include an analysis of SPACES compared to a control system, and rapid-discharge heat testing of lithium ion batteries. Results include performance specifications for SPACES entry into HOMER and partial validation of the use of the Kinetic Battery Model for Lithium Ion Batteries.
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Jha, Jitendra. "Workfunction tuning of AZO Films Through Surface Modification for Anode Application in OLEDs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862818/.
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Widespread use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in solid state lighting and display technologies require efficiency and lifetime improvements, as well as cost reductions, inclusive of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the standard TCO anode in OLEDs, but indium is expensive and the Earth's reserve of this element is limited. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and its variants such as aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) exhibit comparable electrical conductivity and transmissivity to ITO, and are of interest for TCO applications. However, the workfunction of ZnO and AZO is smaller compared to ITO. The smaller workfunction of AZO results in a higher hole injection barrier at the anode/organic interface, and methods of tuning its workfunction are required.
This dissertation tested the hypothesis that workfunction tuning of AZO films could be achieved by surface modification with electronegative oxygen and fluorine plasmas, or, via use of nanoscale transition metal oxide layers (MoOx, VOx and WOx). Extensive UPS, XPS and optical spectroscopy studies indicate that O2 and CFx plasma treatment results in an electronegative surface, surface charge redistribution, and a surface dipole moment which reinforces the original surface dipole leading to workfunction increases. Donor-like gap states associated with partially occupied d-bands due to non-stoichiometry determine the effective increased workfunction of the AZO/transition-metal oxide stacks. Reduced hole injection barriers were engineered by ensuring that the surface ad-layers were sufficiently thin to facilitate Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Improved band alignments resulted in improved hole injection from the surface modified AZO anodes, as demonstrated by I-V characterization of hole only structures. Energy band alignments are proposed based on the aforementioned spectroscopies.
Simple bilayer OLEDs employing the surface modified AZO anodes were fabricated and characterized to compare their performance with standard ITO. Anodes consisting of AZO with MoOx or VOx interfacial layers exhibited 50% and 71% improvement in power efficiency (PE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE), respectively, compared to ITO at a working voltage of 9 V. The efficiencies of dipole reinforced AZO (O2/CFx plasma treated) anodes were comparable to ITO. The improved performance of the surface modified AZO anodes compared to as-deposited AZO is ascribed to improved hole injection, improved charge balance, and improved radiative recombination kinetics. The results suggest that surface modified AZO anodes are a promising alternative to ITO, given the lower cost and Earth abundance of Al and Zn.
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Shin, Yoon Shik. "Modifications to a two-control-volume, frequency dependent, transfer-function analysis of hole-pattern gas annular seals." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4751.
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A rotordynamic analysis of hole-pattern gas annular seals using a two-control-volume model, Ha and Childs and frequency dependent transfer-function model, Kleynhans and Childs is modified with four features. The energy equation is added, and real gas properties are used instead of the ideal gas equation of state. The depth of the hole-pattern is made variable with the axial distance along the seal. And last, the addition of deep grooves to hole-pattern seals is analyzed, and the codeâÂÂs predictions for the influence of a groove are compared with test data.
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Day, Stephen. "Controlling charge carrier injection in organic electroluminescent devices via ITO substrate modification." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368243.
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Huynh, Dung Minh. "Mapping pseudouridine sites in Homo sapiens 18S ribosomal RNA, and the 3 dimensional ribosome map of nucleotide modifications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402266.
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Ray, Matthew P. "Assembly and modification of a hyperthermal and low energy ion beamline for detecting electron-hole pair production in Schottky diodes." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175186115/.
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Chan, Ho-yung Dennis, and 陳可勇. "How the staff exercise discretionary decisions in handling residents' behavioural problems in a boys' hostel." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977996.
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Walrand, Stéphane. "Modifications metaboliques et immunitaires en reponse a la denutrition proteino-energetique et a la renutrition au cours du vieillissement : approches experimentale et clinique (doctorat : nutrition)." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05W067.
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BOUIZAR, ZAOR. "Les recepteurs renaux de la calcitonine (ct) : caracterisation, localisation et modifications." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066278.
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Nguyen, Van Bao. "Conception de systèmes interactifs persuasifs : application au domaine de l'énergie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM029/document.
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Cette thèse aborde la conception des systèmes interactifs persuasifs (SIP). Ces systèmes sont conçus pour induire et accompagner un changement de comportement au travers de l’interaction homme-machine, sans coercition et avec une utilisation volontaire. Ces systèmes s’inscrivent dans la mouvance des technologies persuasives et leur conception repose sur des principes de persuasion et d’autres approches issues de la psychologie.Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur le domaine de l’énergie et le changement de comportement pour adopter des modes de consommation plus vertueux. En effet, un des grand défis sociétaux en lien avec la question du changement climatique, la consommation énergétique domestique représente actuellement environ un tiers de l'énergie totale mondiale consommée et ne cesse d’augmenter. Outre l’amélioration technique des appareils, il est incontournable de changer nos habitudes. Cependant, changer un processus long et difficile.Le défi est donc de concevoir une interaction homme-machine prévue pour accompagner le processus de changement et, par conséquent, pour une interaction long-terme. Pour cela, à partir d’une étude de classifications, espaces de conception et framework des systèmes persuasifs, nous proposons le framework UP+, notre contribution conceptuelle. Ce framework propose un cadre pour la conception des systèmes interactifs persuasifs structuré selon trois dimensions : deux relatives au processus de changement de comportement au niveau micro (cause-effet-causalité) et macro (long terme)) ; l’autre relative à la dimension psychologique de la motivation. Nous identifions quatre classes de fonctions de persuasion (comprendre, décider, agir et protéger) déclinées en douze sous-classes de fonctions de persuasion.En nous appuyant sur UP+, l’état de l’art des systèmes persuasifs pour l’énergie montre qu’ils se concentrent principalement que sur quelques fonctions de persuasion seulement (ex. auto-surveillance). Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons tout particulièrement sur l’aspect décision et causalité du comportement. Une autre contribution est l'Interface utilisateur Mondrian, une preuve-de-concept proposant un cadre d’interface qui traite de l’implication long-terme des utilisateurs. Elle doit répondre à plusieurs objectifs : capter l’attention de l’utilisateur ; offrir plusieurs niveaux d’interaction selon le contexte s’usage ; permettre l’intégration de plusieurs briques interactionnelles support de la persuasion. En particulier, nous proposons deux briques, Sliders4DM et Plan4Actions. Sliders4DM est un nouveau widget d’aide à la décision conçu pour permettre à des utilisateurs novices d’explorer et trouver un compromis satisfaisant entre plusieurs critères potentiellement incompatibles. Il s’appuie sur une approche what-if. Nous avons évalué Sliders4DM par une expérimentation qualitative (16 participants) et une comparative et quantitative (177 participants). Plan4Actions est un nouveau concept d’interface d’aide à la décision et la compréhension des effets d’un comportement à l’aide d’explications : il permet à des utilisateurs de planifier une séquence d’actions pour à la fois réduire leur consommation énergétique tout en maintenant un niveau de confort satisfaisant. Une expérimentation qualitative menée avec 13 participants montre son utilisabilité et son utilité. Nous mettons également en évidence les limites de ce travail et la nécessité de mener une évaluation à long terme dans un environnement domestique réel pour valider entièrement leur efficacité persuasiveThis thesis is about persuasive interactive systems, a subclass of interactive systems aiming at supporting sustainable behaviors. Persuasive technology is a very recent and emerging topic, which relies on persuasion to support human behavior change voluntarily without coercion and deception.In this research, we focus the design of persuasive system for promoting behaviors change with energy as application domain. In the interest of preserving the planet, reducing domestic energy use is necessary for fighting against global warming and climate change issues. The approach to save energy by introducing more efficient appliances only tackles partially the current issues. An urgent need is to motivate sustainable behaviors in energy usage. However, changing people behaviors involves a complex and difficult process.The challenge is to design interactive systems that take into account this process dimension and that keep users involved over time in the process of behavior change. Consequently, based on a review of classifications, design spaces and frameworks targeting the design of persuasive systems, we propose the UP+ framework, our first and conceptual contribution. It considers three dimensions: two related to the process aspect of behavior change, at two levels: micro (cause-effect-causality) and macro (long term)); one related to the psychological aspects of motivation.Based on the UP+ framework, we conduct a state of the art of existing persuasive systems for energy. It reveals that most of these systems covers a few persuasive functions only (e.g., self-surveillance or eco-feedback). In this work, we particularly focus on decision and causality of behavior. A second contribution is the Mondrian User Interface, a proof-of-concept of UI designed to sustain daily use and to keep inhabitants motivated in the long run. We consider thrre goals: to catch user’s attention; to offer multiple levels of user interaction depending on the context of use; to allow the integration of interactional bricks supporting persuasion. Particularly, we propose two bricks, Sliders4DM and Plan4Actions.In order to assist inhabitants in preparing a change (decision), Sliders4DM is a novel widget allowing non-specialists to find an appropriate trade-off between (possibly) conflicting criteria in the home via what-if approach. Sliders4DM is evaluated with two experiments: a qualitative one (16 participants) and a quantitative comparative one (177 participants). Plan4Actions is a novel concept of user interface for planning daily actions. The concept is empowered by the co-decision between inhabitants and the home management system. It provides inhabitants with flexibility in planning their daily actions in order to satisfy their objectives in terms of comfort and sobriety. A twofold evaluation presented a favorable assessment from 13 participants about Plan4actions’ comprehension, its usability and potential utility in the domestic context.We also discuss the limitations related to persuasive interaction covered by current works and the needs for a long-term evaluation to mesure the behavior changes. The thesis opens new perspectives for extending current research of PIS for energy. To conclude, we define our future works, which involves short-term improvements for current prototype and its deployment in real domestic context
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Wargon, Isabelle. "Mécanismes spinaux inhibiteurs et leurs modifications au cours du temps chez les sujets sains et les patients porteurs de lésions vasculaires cérébrales." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066559.
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Umeweni, Chiko. "Synthesis of Internally Linked Carbazole DNA Oligomers: A Potential Monitor for Charge Transfer in DNA Studies." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07052005-161648/.
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LENOIR, PATRICK. "Survie des mammiferes dans des conditions hyperbares extremes : recherche des modifications de l'electrogenese musculaire respiratoire." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13052.
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Fenicio, Alessandro. "Ingénierie de l'Interaction Homme-Machine et Persuasion Technologique : étude du concept de Chemin Persuasif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM035/document.
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Les défis sociétaux sont une préoccupation internationale, avec des incantations quotidiennes au changement : “Fumer tue”, “Boire ou conduire, il faut choisir”, “Manger cinq fruits et légumes par jour”, etc. Toutefois, ces campagnes publicitaires restent à effet limité.Les technologies persuasives sont explorées depuis une quinzaine d’années pour mobiliser le numérique sur ces difficultés de changement de comportement. Les dispositifs et applications de monitoring se multiplient avec des succès commerciaux comme les bracelets ou les montres d’activités physiques. Toutefois l’incitation au changement reste limitée malgré le potentiel du numérique pour des stratégies personnalisées. La difficulté tient à l'interdisciplinarité inhérente au domaine : concevoir des systèmes interactifs persuasifs requiert de maîtriser les fondamentaux et les avancées en psychologie cognitive et sociale, ce qui rend l’exercice extrêmement ambitieux.Cette thèse contribue à l’ingénierie des systèmes interactifs persuasifs. Elle traite du processus de changement de comportement. Elle propose le concept de chemin persuasif pour stimuler l’utilisateur dans son changement de comportement. Le chemin persuasif est une succession d’événements incitant l’utilisateur à cheminer d’une certaine façon dans son ensemble de comportements possibles. Cet ensemble est modélisé en une machine à états explicitant l’ensemble des comportements et des transitions possibles entre comportements. Les transitions sont déclenchées en contexte, lorsque les déterminants des comportements correspondants sont satisfaits dans le contexte courant de l’utilisateur. Une architecture persuasive est proposée pour opérer les machines à état et chemins persuasifs. Le formalisme des machines à état permet aussi la caractérisation et la comparaison des processus de changement de la littérature.Une méthode de conception est proposée pour concevoir, étape par étape, la machine à états et le chemin persuasif. Les étapes procèdent, pas à pas, à des choix de conception rendant le système petit à petit réalité dépendant, problème dépendant, domaine dépendant, tâche dépendant et contexte dépendant. Cette conception progressive est structurante et permet une révision des choix de conception selon la performance observée de la persuasion.Les contributions conceptuelles (concepts et méthode de conception) sont illustrées sur deux cas d’étude complémentaires : d’une part, CRegrette, une application visant à stopper un comportement (fumer) ; d’autre part, Mhikes, une application visant à renforcer un comportement (marcher). Une implémentation complète de Mhikes (concepts et architecture) est détaillée pour démontrer la faisabilité technique des propositions. Sa maturité technologique a permis un déploiement de l’application en grandeur réelle et une évaluation expérimentale des contributions.Les résultats d’évaluation confirment la pertinence des modèles et de l’architecture pour placer des sondes logicielles permettant (1) d’identifier les rôles joués par les utilisateurs, 2) d’en suivre les éventuels changements et 3) d’émettre des notifications personnalisées. Les notifications s’avèrent plus performantes que les campagnes de communication aujourd’hui pratiquées par l’entreprise Mhikes. Toutefois le changement de rôle reste difficile, avec des transitions extra-rôles plus difficiles à franchir que les transitions intra-rôle.In fine, la thèse livre un ensemble complet de méthode, modèles et outils pour l’ingénierie des systèmes interactifs persuasifs. Plus largement, cet ensemble peut servir à d’autres communautés pour progresser dans la compression de l’humain en situation d’interactionSocietal challenges are an international concern. Daily advertising campaigns rise attention of people to make them change: "Smoking kills", "Drinking or driving, choose", "Eating five fruits and vegetables a day", etc. However, these campaigns have limited effect.Persuasive technologies have been explored for fifteen years to orient technology on the difficulty of changing behavior. Monitoring devices such as bracelets or watches of physical activities and applications are multiplying obtaining commercial successes. However, despite the potential capabilities of technology of delivering personalized strategies, the incentive to change remains limited. The difficulty lies in the multidisciplinarity of the field: designing persuasive interactive systems requires mastering the fundamental concepts and the advances in cognitive and social psychology, which makes the persuasive practice extremely ambitious.This thesis contributes to the engineering of persuasive interactive systems. It deals with the process of behavior change and proposes the concept of persuasive path to stimulate users in their behavior change. The persuasive path is a succession of events designed to pave the progression of the user toward the change among the set of possible behaviors. This set is modeled with state machines describing all the possible transitions between behaviors. Transitions between behaviors are triggered when the determinants of the corresponding behaviors are satisfied in the current user's context. A persuasive architecture is proposed to orchestrate the state machines and the persuasive paths. The formalism of state machines also allows the characterization and comparison of change processes in the literature.An incremental design method is proposed to design, step by step, the state machine and the persuasive path. The steps proceed in order to actuate design choices that make the system little by little more dependent: problem dependent, domain dependent, task dependent and context dependent. This structuring progressive conception allows a revision of the design choices according to the observed performance of the persuasion.The conceptual contributions (concepts and design method): CRegrette, an application aimed at stopping behavior (smoking); on the other hand, Mhikes, an application aimed at reinforcing behavior (walking). A complete implementation of Mhikes (concepts and architecture) is made available to show the technical feasibility of the approach. The technological maturity of this approach allow the deployment of the application at real scale and an experimental evaluation of the contributions.The evaluation results confirms the relevance of the models and of the architecture, allowing the introduction of software probes (1) to identify the roles endorsed by users, 2) to follow the possible changes and 3) to produce personalized notifications. The notifications resulted more efficient than the communication campaigns operated by Mhikes. However, the role changes remains complex, with extra-transitions that are more difficult to actuate than intra-transitions.In conclusion, the thesis delivers a complete set of methods, models and tools for the engineering of persuasive interactive systems. More broadly, this set can be used by other communities to progress in the compression of human interaction
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Filoux, Arnaud. "Le comportement de subsistance des premiers européens du pourtour méditerranéen : étude des assemblages osseux de Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, la grotte du Vallonet et des niveaux inférieurs de la Caune de l'Arago." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30011/document.
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Ce travail à pour but de déterminer le mode d’acquisition des ressources carnées par les groupes d’hominidés au cours du Paléolithique inférieur en Europe. La présence du genre Homo en Europe, antérieur à l’épisode paléomagnétique de Jaramillo est attestée dans plusieurs sites archéologiques. Cette dispersion hors d’Afrique est signalée par des industries lithiques appartenant à l’horizon culturel du Préoldowayen et par des restes squelettiques affiliés au genre Homo. Cette étude est axée sur l’analyse taphonomique et archéozoologique, de trois assemblages fauniques associés à une industrie du mode 1 (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, la grotte du Vallonnet) et un assemblage associé à une industrie du mode 2 (la Caune de l’Arago). Les analyses permettent de comprendre les processus de formation de ces assemblages en contexte de plein air et en grotte et d’estimer la part des agents qui sont intervenus. L’implication des Hommes est attestée dans la modification des carcasses de grands mammifères. Des ossements présentent des stries, qui impliquent que les éclats étaient bien utilisés pour prélever la chair et une fracturation caractéristique, liée à l’éclatement des os par les outils aménagés. L’analyse des assemblages osseux révèle une variabilité des systèmes d’approvisionnement en matière carnée. La comparaison de ces accumulations formées en grotte et en plein air, apportent une meilleure compréhension des comportements de subsistances et permet de proposer un aperçu de la variabilité et de la chronologie des comportements alimentaires des Hommes en Europe méridionale pendant le Pléistocène inférieur et moyenThe purpose of this work is determinated the mode of acquisition of the meat-based resources by the groups of hominids during the lower Palaeolithic in Europe. The presence of the genus Homo in Europe previous to the paleomagnetic Jaramillo event, is attested in several archeological sites. This dispersal outside Africa is indicated by litic industry belonging to the cultural horizon of Préoldowayen and by human fossils affiliated to genus Homo. This study is centred on taphonomical and zooarcheological analysis, of three faunal assemblages associated with a mode 1 industry (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, the Vallonnet cave) and an assemblage associated with a mode 2 industry (Caune de l' Arago). Analyses allow to understand the processes formation of these assemblages in open air site and in cave, and to estimate the part of the agents who intervened. The implication of human is attested in the modification of the carcasses of big mammals. Bones present cutmarks which imply that flakes were used to discard flesh and a characteristic fracturation connected to the percussion of bones by stones tools. The analysis of the bones assemblages reveals a variability of the systems of supply in meat-based subject. The comparison of theses accumulations, bring a better understanding of the subsistences behavior and allows to propose an outline of the variability and the chronology of the eating habits of the Paleolitic People in Southern Europe during Lower and Middle Pleistocene
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Edeline, Jean-Marc. "Etude comparee des modifications des activites cellulaires dans la voie auditive et dans l'hippocampe au cours de l'acquisition et de la retention d'un apprentissage." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066221.
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La multiplicite des structures du snc presentant des modifications lors d'un apprentissage pose le probleme de savoir ce que refletent ces changements. Cette question a amene les auteurs, dans leur premiere partie a enregistrer un temoin electro-physiologique dans un protocole ou l'acquisition sur un stimulus se fait en l'absence de rc comportementale et dans leur deuxieme partie a enregistrer les reponses sensorielles evoquees par le sc lors d'un conditionnement, son-choc
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Di, Nisi Joseph. "Modifications de la frequence cardiaque et de la vasomotricite digitale provoquees par le bruit : differences interindividuelles au cours de la veille et du sommeil." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13041.
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Simon, Danièle. "Etude des processus de memorisation et de decision dans une activite de double-tache : leurs modifications par des ambiances acoustiques diverses." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13016.
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Ce travail contribue a la comprehension des mecanismes sous-jacents au traitement de l'information. Une serie d'experimentations, reposant sur une procedure de double tache, met en evidence le role de certains processus cognitifs dans le stockage en memoire et la recuperation des informations. La double tache comprend une composante de memorisation et une composante de decision. Par ailleurs, ces prosessus cognitifs sont etudies dans des situations acoustiques plus ou moins favorables a leur deroulement. L'effet perturbateur du bruit est lie aux stimulations non pertinentes qu'il engendre et qui peuvent etre a l'origine de confusions ou d'erreurs. Les resultats des experiences montrent un effet du bruit, qui se manifeste notamment par des variations dans les strategies operatoires des sujets
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Khodjat-el-Djed-Benamar, Nadjette. "Mesure de l'activité anti-élastasique, plasmatique et pulmonaire, de l'alpha-1-antitrypsine : action de la fumée de cigarette, rôle de l'activité physique et du sevrage tabagique dans ses modifications." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA055008.
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Dans le poumon profond, la neutralisation des activités protéolytiques est assurée par des inhibiteurs de protéases dont le rôle est le maintien de l'intégrité pulmonaire. La capacité inhibitrice de l'elastase (CIE) de l'alpha1-antitrypsine (a-1-at) constitue plus de 80% de la CIE dans le sérum et le liquide de lavage broncho-alvéolaire (LBA). Sa spécificité pour l'elastase est déterminée par son résidu méthionine. La fumée de cigarette joue un rôle dans la rupture de l'équilibre protéase/antiprotéase car elle provoque l'augmentation de la charge élastique et l'inactivation de l'a-1-at. Elle constitue comme un risque majeur dans le développement des maladies pulmonaires graves. L'activité sportive produit des effets inverses car elle entraine une élévation du taux de l'a-1-at et contrecarre l'activité des enzymes protéolytiques libérées par les tissus endommages. Au cours de cette étude nous avons : - adapte un dosage enzymatique cinétique de la CIE et établi les normes dans le LBA et le plasma de cobaye, puis dans le sérum humain. - nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets de la fumée sur des cobayes exposes a la fumée de cigarette, nous avons pu quantifier la baisse de la CIE et déterminer l'influence de différents facteurs (nombre de cigarette, durée du tabagisme). - nous avons vérifié la diminution importante du pouvoir inhibiteur sérique chez des sujets fumeurs et déterminer les variations de cette CIE au cours du sevrage tabagique. - nous avons précisé certains facteurs de récupération après sevrage tabagique en comparant les résultats de la CIE a différents paramètres évaluant le tabagisme ou modifie par la fumée (durée du tabagisme, heure de la 1 e r e cigarette, de la journée, cotininurie, hbco, histaminemie, nfs). Les résultats au cours du sevrage montrent que le pouvoir inhibiteur est amélioré dès le premier mois d'arrêt et que la récupération est très significative à partir du 4 e m e mois d'abstinence totale. Grace à ce dosage nous incitons plus efficacement encore les fumeurs a arrêter leur intoxication, d'autant plus que ces résultats semblent encourageant puisque la CIE sérique récupère de façon significative à partir du 4 e m e mois d'arrêt et remonte vers des valeurs stables, même si elle reste inferieure à celle des sujets non-fumeurs. La pratique d'un sport est recommandée chez les sujets en cours de sevrage car nos résultats montrent qu'un exercice musculaire s'accompagne d'une augmentation de la CIE, donc favorise la récupération de l'intégrité pulmonaire.
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Paris, Arnaud. "Modélisation du comportement habituel de la personne âgée dépendante en environnement incertain pour la détection d'évolutions et d'activités anormales." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2079/document.
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Des projections réalisées sur les perspectives démographiques et financières de la dépendance prévoient, en France, une nette augmentation de la population des plus de 80 ans, accompagnée d'une multiplication par 2 du nombre de personnes âgées dépendantes entre 2010 et 2060. Afin de gérer l'augmentation du nombre de personnes âgées dépendantes, les EHPAD (Etablissement d'Hébergement pour Personne Agées Dépendantes) sont appelés à améliorer la prise en charge des résidents et à améliorer les conditions de travail du personnel soignant. C'est dans ce contexte, que nous avons développé un système de supervision permettant de détecter, via un ensemble de capteurs, des évolutions du comportement ou encore, le comportement anormal d'une personne âgée. La détection des comportements anormaux dans le cadre de la supervision est un sujet de recherche qui a été largement étudié dans la littérature ; ce qui n'est tout de même pas le cas de l'analyse des variations des activités de la vie de tous les jours, prenant en compte les spécificités du comportement de la personne au cours du temps. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un modèle de Markov, permettant d'apprendre, avec le moins d'a priori possible, le modèle de comportement habituel au sein de la chambre. Le modèle proposé a été testé sur des données acquises en Living Lab (GIS-Madonah). Nous avons également proposé une nouvelle approche pour calculer la distance entre deux modèles de Markov, afin d'évaluer l'évolution du comportement au cours du temps. Ces méthodes devront permettre, non seulement de déterminer la probabilité du comportement actuel de la personne par rapport à son comportement habituel ; mais également, de détecter des évolutions lentes du comportement de la personneDue to demographic changes, it is expected that the number of French having over 80 years will increase drastically and the number of dependent elderly people will grow twice between 2010 and 2060. To manage this increasing number of dependent elderly person, nursing homes are required to improve the care of residents and to improve the working conditions of health workers. In this context, we plan to develop a monitoring system, based on a set of sensors, to detect modifications in the behavior of a person, and unusual behavior. Detection of abnormal activities in smart homes is an important topic of research, unlike the detection of the evolutions of behavior, which take into account the specifics activities of the person in time. Thus, we proposed a Markov model which allow to learn the usual behavior in the room, with a reduced number of a priori. The model is try on data acquired on a Living Lab (GIS Madonah). We proposed a new method to compute the distance between two Markov models, to estimate the evolution of the behavior. These methods allow to compute the probability of the current activities with the usual behavior, and the slow evolutions of the behavior
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Hernandez, Salinas Alberto. "Les relations entre les sciences environnementales et les politiques dans le Programme MAB de l´UNESCO en Amérique Latine et son adaptation au Mexique, au Chili et en Haïti." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA047/document.
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Les impacts environnementaux sont un défi global. Le programme sur l’Homme et la Biosphère de l’UNESCO (MAB) peut donner un appui international à un de ces défis que l’humanité doit relever : comment arriver à promouvoir un développement économique, social et politique tout en conservant les ressources naturelles limitées dont nous disposons. Cette thèse propose une vision historique du programme afin de comprendre son évolution et de mettre en avant la relation entre les sphères politique et scientifique qui l´ont dirigé. Les cas d´étude du Mexique, du Chili et de la République d´Haïti, mettront en lumière les défis que ces pays doivent relever et la manière dont le Programme a été adapté au niveau national. Deux groupes d´acteurs, scientifiques et instances politiques, ont façonné le programme tout au long de son histoire et maintenu le dialogue pour adapter les principes du Programme MAB dans les Réserves de Biosphère. Par ailleurs, la toute récente création d´une Réserve de Biosphère transfrontalière entre la République d´Haïti et la République Dominicaine est un exemple de la collaboration et du rôle qu´ont joué d´autres instances de l´UNESCO telles que les Commissions Nationales et les Délégations PermanentesEnvironmental challenges have a significant impact. The Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme of UNESCO provides international support to one of the challenges facing humanity; that is how to achieve economic, social and political development and to promote the conservation of limited natural resources at the same time.This thesis takes into account a historical vision of the programme at the global level to understand its evolution and to highlight the relationship between the political and scientific spheres of the programme.On the other hand, it presents three study cases in different countries: Mexico, Chile and the Republic of Haiti to demonstrate how the programme has been adapted on the national level and the challenges they face. Two groups of actors have shaped the programme throughout its history, scientists and political bodies. They have maintained dialogues to adopt the principles of the MAB Programme in the Biosphere Reserves. Moreover, the recent creation of a Transboundary Biosphere Reserve between the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic is an example of collaboration, but also it highlights the importance of other bodies of UNESCO such as the National Commissions and Permanent Delegations in policy-making
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Rousseau, Mélanie. "Des insectes et des Hommes : archéoentomologie et paléoentomologie à l'Îlot des Palais (CeET-30), Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28208.
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Le site archéologique de l'îlot des Palais (CeEt-30) est un des hauts lieux d'importance dans l'histoire de la Nouvelle-France. C'est ici que réside l'intendant, l'un des piliers du gouvernement royal en Nouvelle-France de ca. 1675 à 1760. Il a été l'objet de fouilles archéologiques depuis 1982 et a continué, jusqu'à la dernière fouille programmée de 2016, de fournir une panoplie de nouvelles informations sur les uses et coutumes des occupants du site. Un site archéologique d'une telle richesse est donc, à prime abord, un excellent lieu pour aborder la question de l'interaction entre l'Homme et son milieu. C'est donc l'objectif que s'est fixé l'auteure à l'origine de cette recherche. Cet objectif principal est décliné en deux problématiques distinctes mais, malgré tout, complémentaires, à savoir considérer l'impact Européen sur le paysage du site et celui du paysage sur l'identité coloniale. Pour ce faire, la paléoentomologie et l'archéoentomologie, soit l'étude des insectes subfossiles, ont été mises à contribution. Plus de 9 850 individus appartenant à plus de 250 taxons de coléoptères ont permis de reconstituer le paysage associé à dix périodes d'occupation subséquentes précédant l'établissement sur le site (ca. 800 à ca. 1662) et lui faisant suite (ca. 1666 à 1713). Également, il a été possible de retracer les changements au paysage du site pendant ces périodes. L'étude a permis d'aborder divers aspects de l'impact européen sur le paysage du site, à savoir la modification de la biodiversité entomologique, la déforestation, la disparition des milieux humides, la biogéographie des coléoptères ainsi que la gestion du territoire. Il n'a toutefois pas été possible de concrètement aborder l'impact du paysage sur la canadianisation. Les résultats obtenus ici ouvrent la voie aux recherches futures et leur offrent diverses problématiques. Les deux principales sont l'exploration plus approfondie des effets du tremblement de terre de 1663 sur les sites archéologiques du sud-est du Québec et les tentatives infructueuses d'implantation d'insectes adventices.
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Hsieh, Wen-Hui, and 謝雯惠. "Home Modification for the Low-Income Elderly in Taipei." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30071046775781376381.
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碩士臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
98
“Aging in place” is a common consensus in recent years. While the number of aged persons, particularly frail elderly, is rising, we need to modify existing houses with universal design for physical disabled. This paper presents findings from a study on home modification problem for the elderly. The research conducted in-depth interviews with elderly who don’t want to move into institutions and still live in the apartments without elevator in Taipei. The factors influence the behavior of home modification including space attribute, personal character and support system. We should promote the cooperation among different professions and build an integration service system to assist in modifying houses for the elderly.
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Tsai, Lan-Shiang, and 蔡蘭香. "Adherence to Recommendations of Home Modification for Falls Prevention in Stroke Patients." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82980105695637034753.
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碩士臺灣大學
職能治療研究所
98
Home modification was prpoposed as an important strategy to prevent falls among older people who are at increased risk of falling. Previous studies suggested that adherence seems to be a crucial issue with respect to the effectiveness of the home modification. This study examined the adherence of home modification recommendations given by an occupational therapist and attempted to identify correlated factors of the adherence among stroke patients. An experienced occupational therapist visited the homes of 14 stroke patients, who had recently discharged from the rehabilitation ward, identified the environmental hazards, and made recommendations for falls prevention. Other data related to the adherence including the socio-demographic details, housing characteristics, family status, past medical history, modification characteristics, health status, and health belief of home modification of caregiver were collected before the discharge of rehabilitation ward. One month later, a telephone survey was conducted to assess the adherence to each recommendation. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the dependent variable and all independent variables for the sample. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyze the correlations between the adherence of home modification and each of the correlated factors. The results showed that there were about 3 to 24 environmental hazards (median 9.5 hazards) presented in each home. The bathroom, entrance and stairs, and bedroom were the commonest sites with environmental hazards, especially the bathroom. An average of 8.7 modification recommendations was made by the occupational therapist. At follow up, the caregivers of the 14 stroke patients reported complying 74.0% of the recommendations given by the occupational therapist. Adherence to specific recommendations varied from a high of 100% adherence, such as behavior modification. However, the recommendation of removing or lowering the stopovers was not adhered at all (0% adherence). Bivariate analysis found that participants’ adherence to home modification was significant correlated to their level of belief that home modification are beneficial, their level of perceived susceptibility to falling, and their incomes. The results showed that behavior modification rather than changing the physical environment was more acceptable for stroke patients. Future educational programs emphasizing the necessity of home modification for preventing fall should be organized in clinics as an effort to improve the adherence of home modification. Besides, policy-maker may consider increasing the reimbursement of home modification to motivate people to make home modification for preventing fall.
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yu-ting, chang, and 張玉婷. "A satisfaction survey of completed barrier-free home modification for older adults－A case study of Ping-tung home modification plan executed by Federation for the Welfare of the Elderly." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ua53ar.
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碩士美和科技大學
社會工作系碩士班
103
Summary The older population--persons 65 years or older--numbered 2.8 million by the end of 2014, according to the bureau of national statistics. They represented 12% of the Taiwan’s population which implied that the aging rate was quite amazing even comparing to other developed countries. There have been numerous studies in the literature showed persons 65 years or older expressed that they felt mort difficulties on climbing up and down stairs, bathing, moving, on-off bed, indoor walking and flat moving. These difficulties increased the fall occurrences. Literatures also indicated that the falls usually happened in familiar living environment and leaded to medical expenses and social costs, and that connected to national economic development. The first purpose of this study was to explore the older adults’ reasons of refusing home modification and the factors of affecting older adults’ living safety. Second purpose was to explore different background older adults’ satisfaction on completed barrier-free home modification and to understand the problems in barrier-free home modification. An interview survey was used as study instrument. This study was based on Ping-tung home modification plan executed by Federation for the Welfare of the Elderly. A total of 122 grantees were the participants who accepted completed home modification from 2011 to 2013. There were 107 valid questionnaires. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The major findings suggested that the better satisfaction in barrier-free home modification, the better mental satisfaction in older adults. Moreover, after barrier-free home modification, many subjects did not have better understanding in barrier-free home modification. The researcher found out the reason from the interview. The term “disabled” make many older adults misunderstood that this modification only benefit for older adults with disability card. When the researcher changed the term “disabled” into the term “ impediment”, means no impediment at home, the participants could express their needs in home environment safety. The experts’ and craftsmen’s barrier-free home knowledge is great concerned with whether experts’ comprehensive home environment assessment and modification company’s implementation quality can meet the users’ need. The inspection of completed barrier-free home modification is a centerpiece in controlling nation budget outcome before barrier-free home modification financial assistance funds administered in the future. Barrier-free home environment is a requirement not only for older adults with disabilities, but also for general elderly people. Under the government policies of seniors-friendly cities and preventive healthcare, fall prevention becomes more important to general older people in preventive home environment modification. It is not only disabled older adults could have falls. Actually, falls mostly occur in healthy older people and make the disability in healthy elderly. Healthy older adults have the same need in barrier-free home environment . Moreover, holding conferences related to barrier-free home environment can advance people’s knowledge in all walks of life. Hopefully, the results of this study can make our government realize the older adults’ language need in the term “no impediment” and the need in living environment modification. Furthermore, heads of county and neighborhoods can examine the older adults’ living safety and realize their needs in environment modification. Our government should take the responsibility in taking care of older adults and provide them safe and convenient living environment to enable elderly people aging naturally in their familiar community
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Meyer, M. Eleanor. "Power of place: understanding and advocating for occupational therapy's role in home modification." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41428.
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The number of older Americans as a percentage of the United States population is growing. A majority express a strong desire to remain in their homes as they age; however, the physical and cognitive declines associated with the aging process often limit their ability to safely age in place. Social isolation and loneliness brought on by stay-at-home orders in response to the coronavirus pandemic of 2020 further limit this population’s quality of life. Evidence-based occupational therapy research has demonstrated that home modifications can be an effective and cost-efficient intervention for reducing falls and maximizing participation in community-dwelling older adults wishing to age in place. Still, varying levels of education and training in home modifications is needed for occupational therapy practitioners to help meet the needs of the aging-in-place population.
Power of Place: Understanding and Advocating for Occupational Therapy’s Role in Home Modification is a web-based program in home modification for entry-level occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant students that includes training to become an AARP HomeFit® volunteer. Designed to be embedded in an existing course, the supplemental curriculum includes both synchronous and asynchronous learning grounded in theoretical frameworks of person-environment-occupation, adult learning theory, design thinking and social learning theory. Training to become an AARP HomeFit® volunteer provides the foundation for experiential learning in home modification. Measured improvements in home modification competency and student self-efficacy through participation in Power of Place will drive further student learning, spark interest in becoming a HomeFit® volunteer within their local communities and promote greater recognition of the profession in the public arena.