Relevant bibliographies by topics / Home drying

Academic literature on the topic 'Home drying'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Home drying"

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Abou-Zaid, F., and A. Ibraheem. "HOME DRYING OF TOMATOES BY MICROWAVES." Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences 6, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jfds.2015.48860.

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NUMMER, BRIAN A., JUDY A. HARRISON, MARK A. HARRISON, PATRICIA KENDALL, JOHN N. SOFOS, and ELIZABETH L. ANDRESS. "Effects of Preparation Methods on the Microbiological Safety of Home-Dried Meat Jerky." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.10.2337.

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Historically, drying meats to produce jerky was considered to be a safe preservation process and the convenience and flavor of jerky has made it a popular food product for home food preservers. Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness related to both home-dried and commercially manufactured jerky have raised concerns about the safety of the product. Some traditional home recipes and drying processes were shown to be inadequate to destroy Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes in both whole-muscle and ground-meat jerky. Several research studies have identified processes such as precooking meats before drying, using acidic marinades, cooking meats after drying, or some combination of these treatments that can destroy pathogens of concern to produce microbiologically safe and palatable meat jerky at home.
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Zhou, Li Ming, and Yu Gao Zhang. "Cotton Woven Fabric with Less Energy Consumption during Home Laundry." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.619.

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Cotton woven fabrics were treated with resin and hydrophobic agent for reducing the water retention value and improving the drying speed. The relationship among resin dosage, water retention value and drying speed were studied. The different fabrication methods of hydrophobic cottons were emphasized. When incorporating part of hydrophobic cottons in the fabric, the water retention value and drying speed of the fabric can be further improved, while the wearing comfort of the cotton fabrics can remain. By these treatments, the cotton apparels can be more easily washed and dehydrated and will consume less energy during home laundry and drying.
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Kassem, Abd El-Wahab S., Abdulwahed M. Aboukarima, and Hamza A. Morghany. "DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF OKRA PODS DURING DRYING PROCESS IN A HOME MICROWAVE OVEN." Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2012.102610.

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Li, Hua, Lihua Li, Xingli Jiao, and Xueli Qin. "Mathematical model of vacuum freeze-drying in the secondary drying." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2007): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v3i2.931.

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The freeze-drying process is a complex heat and mass transfer process virtually. The drying process of freeze-drying is not only the key stage which decides the success of freeze-drying, but also the most difficult stage to control. There are lots of papers about heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze drying at home and abroad. The present status of research on heat and mass transfer during vacuum freeze drying in the secondary drying is summed up and analyzed, and the trend of research in this field is discussed in this paper.
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Ma, Xiao Lu, and Yong Zhang. "Drum Sludge Drying Equipment Energy Dissipation Factor Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.213.

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Drum sludge drying equipment is used widely both at home and abroad, and the energy consumption is the key factor of measuring sludge drying equipment. Based on the basis of study of drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption factor, and points out that the drum sludge drying equipment energy consumption mainly depends on heat source and drying system configuration, aims to provide reference and research for drum sludge drying equipment.
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Wiratara, Pinasthika Rizkia Warapsari, and Raida Amelia Ifadah. "Karakteristik Teh Herbal Daun Kalistemon (Melaleuca viminalis) Berdasarkan Variasi Suhu dan Waktu Pengeringan." Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia 14, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jtipi.v14i1.21196.

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Tea is one of the beverages that widely recognized by people in the world. The use of callistemon or commonly known as weeping bottlebrush leaves (Melaleuca viminalis) as herbal tea is a new innovation. Callistemon leaves have functional properties as antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-platelet aggregation. The availability of callistemon leaves is quite abundant. The process of callistemon leaves herbal tea using the drying method can affect the quality characteristics. This study has purpose to determine the effect of drying temperature and drying time variation on the quality characteristics of callistemon leaves herbal tea in the form of yield, moisture content, ash content, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity. The research method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely the drying temperature (50 and 60⁰C) at three levels of drying time, namely 5, 6, and 7 hours. The results showed that the interaction between drying temperature and drying time had a significant effect (P0,01) on the quality characteristics of yield, water content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of callistemon leaves herbal tea. Meanwhile, the ash content had no significant difference. The best result was obtained from drying treatment at 60 ° C for 7 hours with the characteristics of yield 46.26 ± 1.00%, the water content quality of 6.96 ± 0.62%, ash content of 7.00 ± 0.43%, total phenolic 6.20 ± 0.44 mg AGE/g berat kering matter and antioxidant activity 94.00 ± 0.11%.
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Li, Hua, Lihua Li, Xingli Jiao, and Xueli Qin. "Analysis of heat and mass transfer mechanism of vacuum freeze-drying in the primary drying." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 3, no. 2 (August 13, 2007): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v3i2.930.

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The freeze-drying process is a complex heat and mass transfer process virtually. The drying process of freeze-drying is not only the key stage which decides the success of freeze-drying, but also the most difficult stage to control. There are lots of papers about heat and mass transfer in vacuum freeze drying at home and abroad. The present status of research on heat and mass transfer during vacuum freeze drying in the primary drying is summed up and analyzed, the trend of research in this field is discussed in this paper.
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HARRISON, JUDY A., MARK A. HARRISON, RUTH ANN ROSE-MORROW, and ROBERT L. SHEWFELT. "Home-Style Beef Jerky: Effect of Four Preparation Methods on Consumer Acceptability and Pathogen Inactivation." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.8.1194.

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The safety of homemade jerky continues to be questioned. Producing a safe product that retains acceptable quality attributes is important. Lethality of Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes as well as consumer acceptability and sensory attributes of jerky prepared by four methods were examined. Preparation methods were drying marinated strips at 60°C (representing a traditional method), boiling strips in marinade or heating in an oven to 71°C prior to drying, and heating strips in an oven after drying to 71°C. A 60-member consumer panel rated overall acceptability. A 10-member descriptive panel evaluated quality attributes. Samples heated after drying and samples boiled in marinade prior to drying had slightly higher acceptability scores but were not statistically different from traditional samples. Although the four treatments were significantly different in color (P = 0.0001), saltiness (P = 0.0001), and texture (P = 0.0324), only texture appeared to influence overall consumer acceptability. Microbial challenge studies subjecting the pathogens to the four treatments showed a 5.8-, 3.9-, and 4.6-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella, respectively, even with traditional drying. Oven treatment of strips after drying was shown to have the potential to reduce pathogen populations further by approximately 2 logs. In conclusion, a safer, yet acceptable home-dried beef jerky product can be produced by oven-heating jerky strips after drying.
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WEBER, M. J. D., E. A. E. BOYLE, K. J. K. GETTY, N. M. HARPER, C. G. WEBER, and T. L. ROENBAUGH. "Efficacy of Home-Style Dehydrators for Reducing Salmonella on Whole-Muscle Chicken." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-037.

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Home-style dehydrators commonly used by consumers have limited relative humidity (RH) and temperature control. To evaluate the effect of dehydrator load on temperature and RH and subsequent reduction of Salmonella on whole-muscle chicken, chicken breasts were rolled and cut into samples (1 to 2 mm thick, 6 by 6 cm2) and inoculated with a five-strain Salmonella cocktail. The samples were allowed to air dry for 15 min and then were loaded into home-style three-tray (3T) or five-tray (5T) dehydrators, with 12 chicken pieces per tray. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed in RH or temperature between the 3T and 5T dehydrators. Peak RH was 38% and gradually deceased to 8.5% after 6 h of drying. Temperatures peaked at 57°C after 6 h of drying. Dehydrator load had no effect (P > 0.05) on lethality for Salmonella. A reduction of 3.3 ± 0.2 log CFU/cm2 was observed after 6 h of drying. However, sample location affected Salmonella reduction (P < 0.05). Samples from the bottom tray had a 1.5-log reduction, whereas samples from the top and middle trays had 4.1- and 3.9-log reductions, respectively. The water activity of samples after 6 h of drying was 0.71 ± 0.17 regardless of tray location or dehydrator type. When chicken was dried in home-style dehydrators, increasing the dehydrator load did not increase RH or achieve greater Salmonella lethality. Tray location had a significant impact on Salmonella lethality. Adequate reduction of Salmonella on chicken was not achieved when chamber temperatures were below 57°C with limited RH throughout drying.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Home drying"

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Yee, Christopher. "“The Salitter drying from the earth”: Apocalypse in the novels of Cormac McCarthy." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4930.

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In this thesis, I analyse four novels by Cormac McCarthy through the lens of Apocalypse theory. Looking at his later, south-western, novels Blood Meridian, All the Pretty Horses, No Country for Old Men and The Road, I examine to what extent they respond to biblical and secular apocalyptic ideologies and narrative tropes. Particular attention is paid to the distinction between biblical apocalypse and secular, or nihilistic, apocalypse. The former draws its framework from the Book of Revelation, and entails a war between Heaven and Hell, the rule of the Anti-Christ and God’s final judgement. Although cataclysmic, a biblical apocalypse also promises worldly renewal through the descent of New Jerusalem. Thus, the end of the world was a desirable, rather than dreaded, event. However, as the world moved into the twentieth century, and we saw modernity give birth to weapons of global destruction, apocalyptic attitudes became pessimistic. The belief that God would save the world from corruption quickly gave way to an entropic end, in which human civilisation will simply collapse into nothingness. I consider McCarthy’s south-west fiction within these opposing apocalyptic ideas, and demonstrate how the four novels build a line of history that begins with Blood Meridian’s Manifest Destiny and ends with The Road’s nuclear bomb. I argue that McCarthy explores both biblical and nihilistic apocalyptic modes before combining them in The Road, which I argue offers a new apocalyptic mode: renewal and salvation without God. Within this context, I argue against common interpretations of McCarthy as a completely nihilistic writer with no vested anthropological concerns. Through these four novels, I instead suggest he negotiates between biblical and nihilistic apocalyptic modes before coming to the conclusion, in The Road, that hope exists.
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Ellis, Frederick Paa Kwesi. "Fabrication of Random Hole Optical Fiber Preforms by Silica Sol-Gel Processing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31489.

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Conventional fibers are comprised of a solid glass core and solid glass cladding often protected by a thin polymer sheath. The finely tuned difference in refractive indices, for step index-fibers, is achieved by doping the core with germanium or elements with similar effects. Holey fibers (including photonic crystal fibers) comprise of a pure silica core, and a pure but porous silica cladding of air holes [1]. This provides a huge difference in the refractive indices on the cladding and core without doping. This translates into radiation resistant fibers with very low losses and very robust to high temperatures to mention a few [2]. Several successful attempts have been made for ordered holey optical fibers since the initial publication by Knight et al; random holey optical fibers, which can be just as effective, have yet to be fabricated [3]. Sol-gel processing of silicon alkoxides can be used to fabricate silica monoliths of tailored pore densities and sizes [4]; this makes the process attractive for random holey fiber preform manufacturing. Similar attempts have been made by Okazaki et al [5] to make conventional optical fibers. This paper chronicles efforts to make random holey fiber optical preforms from silica sol-gel monoliths, characterized for some structural properties. Silica monoliths can be made by hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS (tetraethylorthosilicate) or TMOS (tetramethylorthosilicate). These can be catalyzed in a single step or two-step process, aged and dried at ambient pressures and temperatures, as well as by supercritical fluid extraction of CO2. Mechanical strengthening techniques as described by Okazaki [5] have also been employed. The silica gel monoliths are characterized by helium pycnometry and scanning electron microscopy. Various shapes and densities of silica monoliths have been prepared and characterized. Some of these have also drawn into fibers to demonstrate their viability.
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Books on the topic "Home drying"

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Books, Sunset, ed. Home canning. 3rd ed. Menlo Park, CA: Sunset Pub. Corp., 1993.

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The complete guide to drying foods at home: Everything you need to know about preparing, storing, and consuming dried foods. 2nd ed. Ocala, Florida: Atlantic Publishing Group, Inc., 2015.

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Paajanen, Terri. The complete guide to drying foods at home: Everything you need to know about preparing, storing, and consuming dried foods. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group, 2011.

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At home with flowers. London: Salamander, 1993.

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Storing home grown fruit & veg: Harvesting, preparing, freezing, drying, cooking, preserving, bottling, salting, planning, varieties. London: Foulsham, 2011.

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Marie, Cloutier Anne, ed. The scented room: Dried flowers, fragrance and potpourri for the home. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.

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Black, Penny. Dried flowers: An inspirational guide to drying flowers and plants for decoration and scent around the home. Vancouver: Cavendish Books, 1994.

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Put 'em up!: A comprehensive home preserving guide for the creative cook, from drying and freezing to canning and pickling. North Adams, MA: Storey Pub., 2010.

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Peter, Koch. Glacier Log Homes project report. Helena, Mont: The Dept., 1991.

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Densley, Barbara. The ABC's of Home Food Dehydration. Horizon Publishers & Distributors, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Home drying"

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Hunt, Geoffrey. "Right Concentration: Objects." In The Buddha's Path of Peace: A Step-by-Step Guide, 69–74. Equinox Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/equinox.39405.

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The Buddha gives many examples of objects of meditation, and these are quite different from one another and may be selected by a teacher for individuals who are at different stages of attainment, are in different circumstances, have different cravings and aversions, and diverse characters. To give some examples: one could focus on an external object such as a pebble, a leaf, a bowl of water or earth, a candle flame, or a sound; or an internal object such as an afterimage of a candle-flame, or an invented image in the mind such as a figure of the Buddha or a ball of light. An exercise in focussing on a slowly drying leaf is provided, intimating at the important Buddhist concept of ‘impermanence’. It is explained why not all objects need be pleasant, since a great deal is learned from our self-aware responses to the unpleasant. In this chapter guidance is given on bringing together the basics to start regular meditation at home or work.
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McQuellon, Richard P. "April 19, 2005—Leaving Gifts." In The Nell Dialogues, 79–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190091019.003.0006.

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In this dialogue, Nell lets go of possessions and gifts them to friends and relatives. She was especially pleased with transferring 120,000 frequent-flyer miles to her niece’s family so they could make their annual pilgrimage to Michigan from Seattle. This is the second time she has downsized in two years. When she and Al moved from their home to this apartment, they had to place furniture in storage or sell it. A major loss with the move was her highly valued garden with its associated activities, especially digging in the good earth. Nell once again spoke of her intense fear of suffocation and likened it to “skating in the dark.” She feels the same type of fear and panic when she cannot swallow due to dry mouth. Her shortness of breath has been a continual challenge; the addition of an oxygen apparatus has helped. Unfortunately, she had difficulty getting the machine to work properly because it was delivered without an essential component, the humidifier. Consequently, her nasal passages were drying out and bleeding. She subsequently needed to increase her self-advocacy efforts with the hospice healthcare providers. We practiced a breathing exercise to help her settle herself when she feels short of breath.
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Conference papers on the topic "Home drying"

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Davies, Rose, and Lindsay Brazendale. "Intelligent Laundry Sorting System for Rest Homes." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63212.

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Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and mechatronic technology has been applied to a laundry sorting system which can potentially be used by rest homes in the future to reduce the labour intensity of care givers, to increase the efficiency of laundry sorting, and to reduce the chance of garments being lost. A laboratory laundry identifying and sorting conveyor belt has been built. Several different types of RFID labels/tags have been considered and tested. A type of small RFID laundry tag, suitable for the laundry sorting conditions of a rest home, has been selected. The laundry tags have undergone endurance testing under actual washing and drying conditions with typical commercial laundry chemical products used in rest homes. There was a major challenge using commercial RFID tags in the proposed intelligent laundry sorting system due limitations in their antenna and signal receiving systems. A strategy to coordinate the orientations of the tags, range of the antenna, and the amplification of signal receiving units has been investigated. Several antenna designs to improve the identification rate have been tested and analysed for the selected small laundry tags, since the tag-receiver system has to work beyond the recommended range. A programme for signal detection and processing has been produced. The programme has taken into consideration the speed of the conveyor belt, antenna receiving range and the time required to process signals. It works with satisfactory precision at a satisfactory speed. A sorting strategy for implementation after laundry garment identification has been investigated. This strategy considers aspects of simplicity, multifunction and compactness of mechanical structure. A virtual sorting system has been produced to test the principles of the sorting strategy and the antenna design. The results of these tests will help us to move to the next stage, the design of a prototype laundry sorting system.
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Luttrell, Jeff, and Dereje Agonafer. "Solar Assisted Household Clothes Dryer." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90095.

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Energy savings for domestic appliances have been an emphasis for several years. The efficiencies of several appliances have improved dramatically as a result of this attention. Refrigerator, water heater, and washing machine energy consumptions have been reduced. One appliance has not experienced significant improvement, the clothes dryer. Typical household clothes dryers use large amounts of electricity or natural gas to heat air that is circulated with the clothes. The energy to heat the air is a function of the amount of air and heat needed to remove moisture from the clothes. Using solar heat to augment or replace the other energy sources can provide significant energy savings. Conventional house construction includes features which collect and concentrate solar energy in the air occupying the attic space. Typical home design provides a roof which functions as a large area solar energy collector. Many roofing materials have solar absorption of 80% or more. Insulation of the roof decking is uncommon so that absorbed solar heat conducts through and heats the attic air. Through simple, low-cost ducting and minor modification of a clothes dryer air inlet, this energy resource becomes available for use. This study evaluates the potential energy savings of using solar-heated attic air as a clothes dryer air source. Considering house construction as well as seasonal and regional climate variations, attic air can augment and may fully replace utility energy as the heat source for drying air during daylight hours when solar energy is incident on the roof. The energy savings can be up to 3.5 kilowatt hours (or the heating equivalent for natural gas) for each dryer load.
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Meng, Xiangyi, Kaiyue Fu, Yanqiu Liu, and Xueheng Tao. "Fire Hose Automatic Cleaning and Drying Machine Design and Analysis." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aeeca52519.2021.9574174.

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Li, Perry Y., Petar J. Bjegovic, and Shri Ramaswamy. "Preemptive Control of Multiply Actuated Processes: Application to Moisture Content Control in Paper Manufacturing Using Surrogate Measurements." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24535.

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Abstract Many manufacturing processes involve the successive processing of the substrate at multiple station on a transport medium, with the hope that at the end of the process, the product has the desired property. Paper manufacturing is an example in which over 90% of the water from pulp is sequentially removed through gravity, vacuum dewatering, pressing, and thermal drying. The consistency and uniformity of the moisture content at the end of process is important for paper quality. Current strategy for the control of moisture content uses a feedback sensor at the end of the process to adjust the dryers. This introduces a long deadtime and causes excessive use of the dryers, which translate to limitations in performance, robustness and inefficient energy usage. In this paper, we investigate a new control approach in which in-process moisture contents are estimated using air-flow as surrogate measurements, and the pressure settings in the multiple vacuum dewatering boxes are adjusted according to the surrogate measurements. A preemptive control algorithm is developed which has the ability to decouple and eliminate the effects of the disturbances that occur upstream in the process from downstream. Robustness analysis and simulation studies suggest that as long as the surrogate measurements are accurate, the proposed control scheme will be robust and accurate.
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Ward, John, Roy Garwood, Randall Bowen, Maurice Fisher, and David Gent. "Design and Development of an Improved Air Distributor for a Large Coal-Fired Fluidised Bed Combustor." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67224.

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The air distribution system in a fluidised bed combustor is usually required to provide a reasonably uniform distribution of combustion air over the cross-sectional area of the entire bed. Various designs of distributor have been employed and one of the simplest and cheapest constructions is the so-called sparge pipe system, in which an array of horizontal pipes is fitted near the base of the bed. Combustion air is then supplied to one end of each pipe and enters the bed through a series of downward facing holes positioned along the pipe length. This paper describes the re-design and subsequent modification of an existing sparge pipe distributor for a large coal fired fluidised bed combustor which produced hot exhaust gases for drying of pressed sugar beet pulp. The air flow out of the holes in the existing pipes varied by a factor of approximately 3.8:1 along the length and moreover the overall flow was limited by the high pressure drop within the system. As a result the thermal output of the combustor cannot always meet the demands of the drying process. Excessive erosion and wear of the walls of the pipes near some of the holes can also be a problem. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was undertaken of the flow characteristics of different designs of sparge pipe and the results validated by flow and pressure measurements on full scale laboratory models. The flow distribution was substantially improved and the overall flow rate increased by approximately 7% by varying the hole diameters and spacings between adjacent holes. In addition much greater increases in predicted overall flow rates can be achieved by reducing the thickness of the pipe wall (whilst maintaining a constant outer diameter) although this may reduce the operating life of the pipe because of erosion and excessive wear. Erosion of the outside of the pipes was studied in near ambient temperature fluidised beds using multiple thin layers of different coloured paints on the outside of the pipes to assess the wear patterns. These patterns were found to be similar to those observed on actual sparge pipes at the end of an operating campaign. Quantitative measurements of the rate of wear of the paint layers indicated that pipe wall erosion can be substantially reduced by reducing the angle of inclination of the downward facing holes in the pipes.
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Huang, Zhi, Yuanchen Hu, Kang Liu, and Xuejiao Hu. "Unusual Fast Evaporation From Nanoholes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87147.

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Water evaporation is an important physical phenomenon that occurs in nature and several industrial applications such as food drying processes, cooling in air-conditioning systems and desalination. In all these systems, it is necessary to have a good prediction and control of evaporation rate as a function of various system parameters. Attempts to understand the affecting factors have mostly focus on the flow rates of gas or water streams, relative humidity of the air, presence of dissolved or suspended material in the water, temperatures of the air and water streams. However, as water surface partially covered (less surface area) is generally thought to have lower evaporation rate, little notice has ever put on it. Here we consider the evaporation case of water surface covered with nano-through-hole lid (NHL) of which the radius size is nearly equal to the average free path of the vapor. Using a gravimetric method, we experimentally measured the evaporation rate of water at the orifice of the nano-holes. The results indicate that the evaporation rate is 1–6 times faster than the non-sheltered water surface with the same liquid area. Moreover, with the porosity of the lid decreasing, the evaporation rate per unit area increases. A theoretical model is developed for this novel phenomenon from the view of molecular dynamics during evaporation and vapor diffusion. We envision that this finding may have new inspirations on phase change phenomenon in nano-confined space and put forward one new way for promoting evaporation of liquid.
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Pasic, Borivoje, Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec, and Bojan Moslavac. "Application of Artificial Clay Samples (Pellets) in Laboratory Testing of Shale/Drilling Fluid Interaction." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10211.

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Wellbore instability was and is one of the most frequent problems in petroleum industry, especially in the drilling operations. It is mainly caused by the shale formations which represent 75% of all drilled formations. The wellbore instability problems involve tight hole spots, wellbore diameter enlargement, the appearance of cavings, the inability of carrying out wireline operations, poor hole cleaning, unsuccessful wellbore cementing operations and other. The wellbore instability is the result of mechanical and physico-chemical causes mostly acting concurrently. The shale instability basically comes out of its mineralogical composition (especially clay minerals content) and physico-chemical properties. Shale-mud interaction includes water/ions movement in and out of the shales due to pressure differential, osmosis, diffusive flow and capillary pressure. Many research activities about shale instability causes and shale properties (affecting shale behavior) definition have been carried out by now. Different shale samples, laboratory equipment and inhibitive muds have been used. Laboratory tested shale samples are provided by the wellbore cores, surface sampling or, which is the simplest method, by collecting the samples at the shale shakers during drilling operation. The amount of these samples is not enough for laboratory testing. Another problem is closely connected to sample quality and preservation. There are also differences in drilling fluids used in these laboratory tests, especially in their composition (sometimes containing more than one shale inhibitor). It is difficult to compare test results and conclusions made by different authors. The laboratory study presented within this paper are done with artificial clay samples (pellets) made by compacting the powderish material containing exact quantity of quartz, montmorillonite and kaolinite. The laboratory testing is done by treating the powderish samples inside the desiccator (24 hours), compacting (30 minutes), swelling (24 hours) and drying samples (24-hour). Sample swelling is tested by using different mud types and the sample mass is measured in each above mentioned phase. Special attention is directed to preparation and pellets content definition as a good replacement for the original shale in laboratory testing of shale and drilling fluid interaction. The influence of used muds on the total pellet swelling and swelling intensity, especially at the early phase of testing was determined.
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Bootle, Richard, Adam Moss, and Jenny Omma. "Downhole Detection and Geological Prediction of Halite Cement." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0026.

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Abstract:
The presence of halite cement is a little appreciated problem in petrophysical interpretation. Yet halite is common as a late diagenetic cementing phase associated with high salinity formation water and is recognized in many of the world’s major petroleum basins. Undetected halite cement leads to a significant overestimation of porosity and permeability during petrophysical interpretation. However, halite cement does not have a unique signature on electric logs and is often not represented in core samples. Current best logging practices are inadequate for the quantification of halite cement. Open hole sigma is a recommended logging solution. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy can detect halite. This is a rock imaging technique, performed on either cuttings or core. The images can distinguish between layered depositional halite and pore-filling diagenetic halite cement. Occurrences of non-authigenic halite, precipitated as the rock sample is brought to the surface, have a high surface area and are easily removed by sample cleaning. Conventional core analysis can both identify and quantify halite cement. However standard core cleaning methods operate on the premise that all halite is non-authigenic and thus intentionally remove it. Best practice core handling, processing and testing protocols must be followed and, because halite cement is commonly patchy and discontinuous, the core cleaning and drying study must comprise a large number of plugs. Oil-based mud must be used to cut the core. The effects on porosity and permeability of halite cement can be understood with reference to pore and halite size distributions. Halite cement in sandstones occurs as intergranular pore-occluding cement and is observed most commonly in ~5p.u. layers just a few meters thick. These layers have the same density and neutron log responses as a ~8-12p.u. sandstone filled with gas or light hydrocarbons. Detailed sample-bysample log interpretation in the context of the regional geology is the only way to correctly identify these features. Halite cement is usually found best developed in the cleanest and thickest parts of the reservoir. It most commonly occurs in terrigenous clastic sediments. Proximity to bedded salt is the critical factor. Case studies from the North Sea, the Berkine Basin, the West African PreSalt and East Siberia are discussed.
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