Journal articles on the topic 'Holstein question'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Holstein question.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Holstein question.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Heywood, James R. "Palmerston’s joke about the Schleswig-Holstein question." Notes and Queries 67, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjz185.
Full text
2
Ignat'eva, L., A. Konte, and A. Sermyagin. "To the question of evaluating the efficiency of linear breeding in Simmental cattle breed different origin." Agrarian Bulletin of the 197, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-49-57.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The purpose of the research – to study the impact of related foreign pedigree resources on the Russian population of Simmental cattle. Research Methods. Studies carried out on cows of Simmental breed of different linear origin and genotypes in five regions of Russian Federation: Voronezh, Oryol, Kursk, Belgorod regions and Altayskiy krai, the total number was 35147 cows. EBV estimates were calculated through RENUMF 90, REMLF 90 and BLUPF 90 programs. Evaluation of the components of the variants of genetic and paratypical nature was carried out using the method restricted maximum likelihood – REML. Results. It is established that the largest share for animals foreign origin are 60.7 %, including German-Austrian bloodlines 46.6 % and Holsteins – 14.1 %. 39.3 % of animals are the Russian origin, which 13.5 % representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines, 17.8 % are Holsteins and 8.0 % are from domestic (Russian) bloodlines. In the general population of Simmental breed, the best productivity was shown by cows of German-Austrian bloodlines at the level of 5351 kg of milk with fat percentage 4.00 % and protein percentage 3.19 %. Representatives of German-Austrian bloodlines origin for milk yield showed the estimated breeding value (EBV) for Simmental bulls in the common population by +9.2 kg and fat percentage by +0.012 %. The negative EBV values were obtained for Russian bloodlines by –22.8 kg, and Holstein bloodlines took an intermediate position among all lines (+2.3 kg). The first calving cows, which were in the herd at the time of research, the best milk production traits were found in individuals of foreign origin, both for Holstein (6096 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.96 % and protein 3.23 %), and German-Austrian bloodlines (milk yield 5763 kg, fat 4.04 % and protein 3.19 %), with high estimates of breeding value for milk yield +33.3 kg and +15.2 kg, respectively. Low values of milk productivity among all evaluated animals were observed for animals of Russian bloodlines by 4469 kg milk 3.87 % fat and 3.20 % protein in milk. The first calving cows of Russian origin in foreign bloodlines origin exceeded their peers in Russian Simmental bloodlines in milk production by +608 kg of milk and +0.15 % fat (signed to German-Austrian bloodlines) and +924 kg and +0.06 % fat (signed to Holstein bloodlines). The average values of EBV in these lines, although had low values by –5.6 kg milk for Holstein and by +2.7 kg milk for German-Austrian bloodlines, but was significantly higher than for Russian lines by –12.7 kg milk. Scientific novelty. For the first time, scientific research aimed at improving the system of prediction to breeding abilities of bulls on dairy productivity of daughters based on optimization structure of equations of the mixed model (BLUP, the best linear unbiased prediction) has been carried out for the population Simmental cattle of Russian Federation.
3
Arnauld, Andreas von. "From Feudal Law to Minority Rights: The Legal Metamorphosis of the Schleswig-Holstein Question." German Yearbook of International Law 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 153–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.63.1.153.
Full textAbstract:
From a modern international law perspective, the referenda over Schleswig held in early 1920 would be framed in terms of minority rights and self-determination of peoples. However, the ‘Schleswig-Holstein question’, which had erupted into a series of armed conflicts challenging the European Concert for two decades during the mid-19th century, is deeply rooted in feudal law. It is thus linked to an ‘international law’ that was predominantly understood as defined by the interpersonal relations between the ruling monarchs and princes. This article traces the development of the ‘question’ over time in a changing legal environment, from its feudal origins over the instrumentalisation of historical documents in the context of German and Danish 19th-century nationalism to the Treaty of Versailles and the present day where it has finally become possible to normalise the ‘Schleswig-Holstein question’ by framing it in terms of minorities, autonomies, and referenda.
4
Soret, Rodolphe, Nejia Lassoued, Grégoire Bonnamour, Guillaume Bernas, Aurélie Barbe, Mélanie Pelletier, Manon Aichi, and Nicolas Pilon. "Genetic Background Influences Severity of Colonic Aganglionosis and Response to GDNF Enemas in the Holstein Mouse Model of Hirschsprung Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 5, 2021): 13140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313140.
Full textAbstract:
Hirschsprung disease is a congenital malformation where ganglia of the neural crest-derived enteric nervous system are missing over varying lengths of the distal gastrointestinal tract. This complex genetic condition involves both rare and common variants in dozens of genes, many of which have been functionally validated in animal models. Modifier loci present in the genetic background are also believed to influence disease penetrance and severity, but this has not been frequently tested in animal models. Here, we addressed this question using Holstein mice in which aganglionosis is due to excessive deposition of collagen VI around the developing enteric nervous system, thereby allowing us to model trisomy 21-associated Hirschsprung disease. We also asked whether the genetic background might influence the response of Holstein mice to GDNF enemas, which we recently showed to have regenerative properties for the missing enteric nervous system. Compared to Holstein mice in their original FVB/N genetic background, Holstein mice maintained in a C57BL/6N background were found to have a less severe enteric nervous system defect and to be more responsive to GDNF enemas. This change of genetic background had a positive impact on the enteric nervous system only, leaving the neural crest-related pigmentation phenotype of Holstein mice unaffected. Taken together with other similar studies, these results are thus consistent with the notion that the enteric nervous system is more sensitive to genetic background changes than other neural crest derivatives.
5
Hansen, C., J. N. B. Shrestha, R. J. Parker, G. H. Crow, P. J. McAlpine, and J. N. Derr. "Genetic diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Jersey cattle based on mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-099.
Full textAbstract:
Polymorphisms creating 36 unique haplotypes were observed with in breeds at 55 sites in the displacement loop (D-loop) region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) consisting of 814 bp. The majority (56%) of the differences observed were the result of nucleotide substitution events with 19 transitions, 12 transversions, 11 deletions, 12 insertions and 1 inversion. In all cases, the insertions and deletions were of a single nucleotide. Canadienne cattle were found to have 60% unique haplotypes within the population compared to 89% in Brown Swiss, 90% in Holstein and 100% in Jersey cattle, possibly reflecting the narrow genetic base in the Canadienne breed. The degree of sequence divergence in the D-loop region of mtDNA was based on samples from 20 Canadienne, 9 Brown Swiss, 10 Holstein and 10 Jersey cattle and a phylogenetic analysis showed that these cattle (Bos taurus) were not evolutionarily distinct. All four breeds grouped together when a strict consensus tree was generated. Intra-breed variability proved to be high for the Canadienne, Holstein and Jersey breeds (57–73%) but not the Brown Swiss breed (29%). The Canadienne and Brown Swiss (45%), and Brown Swiss and Holstein (43%) showed the lowest degree of inter-breed variability. The greatest variability among the four breeds was between Canadienne and Jersey (80%) cattle. These findings question the validity of phenotypic assessment of genetic diversity, such as Canadienne cattle being described as “Black Jersey”. Key words: Genetic distance, phylogenetic analysis, D-loop sequence, cattle
6
Sondhaus, Lawrence. "Mitteleuropa zur See? Austria and the German Navy Question 1848–52." Central European History 20, no. 2 (June 1987): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012577.
Full textAbstract:
The German navy of 1848–52 was born in the stormy sessions of the Frankfurt Parliament and died amid equally acrimonious debates in the diet of the restored German Confederation. Denmark's blockade of the North Sea and Baltic ports during the Schleswig-Holstein war inspired this first attempt to create a German battle fleet, and the temporary resolution of German-Danish differences, combined with the Confederation's unwillingness to assume responsibility for the warships, brought it to an early end. The scant scholarly literature on the first German navy tends to view it purely as a north German concern, but on this question, as in all other activities of the Frankfurt Parliament and German Confederation, Austria had a considerable voice in determining the outcome. During its four years of existence the fleet became a pawn in the greater Austro-Prussian struggle for hegemony over Germany.
7
Reeder, A. L., R. L. Monson, J. J. Watters, and J. J. Rutledge. "142 DONOR CONTRIBUTION HAS A LARGER IMPACT ON HSP70.1 EXPRESSION IN BOVINE EMBRYOS THAN THE CUMULUS REMOVAL TECHNIQUE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab142.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of embryo manipulation and donor contribution on molecular markers was investigated in the bovine model. Transcript expression analysis was performed on Holstein 2-cell embryos 24 h after they underwent one of two cumulus removal techniques. Oocytes from each of 5 abattoir-obtained Holstein ovaries were fertilized with semen of an individual Holstein bull, yielding families of 4, 5, 18, 25, and 28 zygotes. Cumulus cells from zygotes within each family were removed 24 h post-fertilization by either repetitive pipetting with a 135-µm pipette or by manipulation in a microfluidic chamber with a 30-µm aperture. Levels of the stress response transcript, HSP70.1, were used to evaluate cumulus removal technique in the 5 full sib families of developing embryos. Embryonic HSP70.1 cDNA from differentially treated full siblings was analyzed by qPCR and the resultant CT values were normalized to 18S rRNA, the reference gene, to account for potential differences in cDNA levels in each reaction. The data were analyzed by using the GLM procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA), testing for treatment and family effects. HSP70.1 did not differ between microfluidically treated and pipetted embryos (P = 0.45). However, comparison of HSP70.1 expression across families was different (P < 0.001). These results indicate that pooling of genetically unrelated embryos may skew transcript expression data and influence research conclusions. Additionally, the question of culture conditions on embryo vitality needs to be evaluated without donor health status or heredity being additional factors.
8
GELLA, T. N. "NATIONAL QUESTION IN GERMANY IN 1861 IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ENGLISH CONTEMPORARIES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE WEEKLY «THE SPECTATOR»)." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-49-60.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of the article is devoted to the presentation of political events in Germany in 1861 on the pages of the British periodical “The Spectator”. The main emphasis is made by the author on the anal-ysis of the coverage by Englishmen of the specifics of the national issue in the German Union: the standpoint of German political groups on the problems of unification of the country, the British awareness of the Schleswig-Holstein problem complexity, their assess-ments of William I role in the upcoming unification process, as well as their understanding of Prussia’s place in European international arena.
9
Behn, Holger, Markus Freick, and Jim Weber. "A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 45, no. 05 (2017): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15653/tpg-160724.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryCraniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.
10
Briggs, C. Stephen. "C. C. Rafn, J. J. A. Worsaae, Archaeology, History and Danish National Identity in the Schleswig-Holstein Question." Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 15, no. 2 (November 22, 2005): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.15202.
Full text
11
Soleimani, A., A. Heravi Moussavi, M. Danesh Mesgaran, and S. Safa. "Effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029732.
Full textAbstract:
For profitable production of milk, a nonlactating or dry period is established between lactations of dairy cow. There has been substantial recent interest in shortening dry periods. Physiological studies show that the changes the udder goes through to prepare for the next lactation take about three weeks, and yet current advice is that the most appropriate dry period for a modern dairy cow is 45 to 60 days. More recent studies show good reason to question that advice, and suggest dry periods of 30 to 35 days have no detrimental effect on production, but information relating the effects of dry period to subsequent reproductive performance of lactating cows is sparse (Grummer, 2007). Also, the effect of this management change on follicular dynamic has not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry period length on follicular dynamics in early lactating Holstein cows.
12
Opielka, Michael, and Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn. "Bürgergeld und die Zukunft des Sozialstaats." Wirtschaftsdienst 102, no. 2 (February 2022): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-022-3108-5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe authors discuss the reform of basic security in the direction of a “citizen’s income” in the coalition agreement of the new “traffic light coalition” at the federal level against the background of fundamental considerations on the future of the welfare state, including those from the “Schleswig-Holstein Future Laboratory”. They see the reform of the citizen’s income as an incrementalist step toward a basic income and discuss their thesis on four topics: a) the question of the level of the basic income, b) the problem of counting other incomes, c) the relationship to the basic pension and citizen’s insurance, and d) the basic income for children.
13
Nogaeva, V. V., A. T. Kokoeva, and A. T. Kokoeva. "Features of growth and development of young cattle depending on origin." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2302-04.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, in modern cattle breeding special importance is attached to improving the methods of using the world’s genetic resources and increasing the potential of domestic breeds. This is due to the wide spread of crossbreds with diff erent portions of blood and the lack of ways to determine the optimal genotype for further breeding. So the question of the relationship between the genotype and the productive traits of animals is always relevant. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of heifers of Black-and-White breed of diff erent origin under the conditions of the natural and climatic zone of the Central Caucasus in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. In order to carry out the experiment, 3 groups of newborn calves were formed. The 1st control group included purebred heifers of Black-and-White breed, the 2nd experimental group included heifers of Black-and-White breed with a blood ratio of 1/2 of Holstein breed, and the 3rd experimental group included heifers of Black-and-White breed with a blood ratio of 3/4 of Holstein breed. Experimental animals were fed taking into account the planned gains in live weight. The features of growth and development were studied by individual weighing and taking measurements at diff erent age periods. On the basis of weighing the live weight gains were calculated, and according to the measurements the body conformation indices were calculated. Studies have shown that the superiority of heifers of the 3rd experimental group over herdmates of the 1st control group in the fi rst months of life was 6,2 %, and animals of the 2nd experimental group were 2,7 % better than purebred analogues in this indicator. In the future, this diff erence increased and by the age of 18 months the diff erences between the groups were 7,4 and 9,6 %, respectively. In general, it has been established that the use of Holstein breed gene pool contributes to the increase in the growth and development of young animals. Heifers with 3/4 blood portion of Holstein breed were distinguished by the best live weight gains and body conformation indices.
14
Schmidt, Christopher. "Gemeindeversammlungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Auslaufmodell oder Wiederbelebung?" Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 51, no. 2 (2020): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2020-2-408.
Full textAbstract:
The article briefly presents the history of the municipal assemblies in Germany and, among other things, deals with the change in the Lower Saxony municipal code 1962/63 . At present, there are still municipal assemblies in Schleswig-Holstein . To assess their practice a survey of the mayors of 44 small municipalities with up to 100 inhabitants was conducted . In 27 of these municipalities there was a municipal assembly; in 17 a municipal council was elected . The questions asked included the preferences of the mayors (municipal assembly or representation), the participation of the citizens and the municipal finances . A clear majority of the mayors were satisfied with the existing organizational form . The participation in the municipal assembly was on average 47 percent of those entitled to vote, the proportion of women among the participants was 41 percent . Of the 27 municipalities with a municipal assembly, 24 were debt-free . Finally, the question is raised as to whether forms of assembly democracy can be introduced in view of the increased demand for participation in the localities .
15
Braum, Stefan. "The Carles Puigdemont Case: Europe's Criminal Law in the Crisis of Confidence." German Law Journal 19, no. 6 (November 2018): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200023063.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe case of Carles Puigdemont underlines that European criminal law is in a crisis of confidence. The Higher Regional Court of Schleswig-Holstein has rejected a Spanish European arrest warrant for the criminal offence of rebellion because it lacks double criminality. It applied German law de lege artis without, however, questioning the European legal framework. The case would have provided an opportunity to refer the matter to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling in order to further specify the European law criteria of double criminality. This would have been the adequate legal response to a politically explosive case. In the end, the Spanish judiciary sees itself disavowed and the system of the European arrest warrant called into question.
16
Kaloev, B. S., L. Kh Albegova, and V. V. Nogaeva. "Age variability of the live weight of heifers depending on the part of blood of Holstein breed." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2107-04.
Full textAbstract:
Much attention when breeding dairy cattle is paid to the genetic potential of the livestock and the improvement of methods of its use. This is due to the fact that at present the number of crossbred animals with different parts of blood of Holstein breed has significantly increased, but there are no proven methods for determining the optimal part of Holstein blood, as a result of which the question of the association between the productivity of animals and their genotype remains very relevant. The research has been carried out under the conditions of JSC “ART” in the Right-bank district in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. For the purpose of conducting a scientific experiment, 3 groups of heifers of the line Reflection Sovereign 198998 have been formed with 10 heads in each. At the same time, the proportion of blood of the black-and-white Holstein breed in the experimental heifers was in the range from 50 to 75 %: 1st group – 1/2-blooded, 2nd group – 5/8-blooded and group 3rd – 3/4-blooded. The groups have been formed at the birth of young animals according to the method of analogues, taking into account the live weight and productivity of their ancestors. Accounting for the growth and development of heifers has been carried out by weighing at birth, at 3 and 6 months of age. The calculations made it possible to trace the dynamics of the variability of the live weight of experimental animals. The results obtained indicate the association between the indicators of live weight of heifers and their genotype. Against the background of the same conditions of maintenance and feeding in all age periods, the heifers of the 2nd group were superior in terms of live weight to the herdmates of the 1st and 3rd groups. So, with approximately the same live weight at birth with the herdmates of other groups, the heifers of the 2nd group at 3 months of age exceeded the half-blooded heifers from the 1st group by 3,2 kg or by 3,67 %, the 3rd group by 2,0 kg or by 2,26 %, at 6 months of age by 4,9 kg or by 3,27 % and by 3,3 kg or by 2,18, respectively. Heifers of the 3rd group slightly outstripped in the live weight of their herdmates from the 1st group. The fact that the heifers of the 2nd group (5/8-blooded according to Holstein) had better indicators of live weight compared to their herdmates of the 1st and 3rd groups (1/2-and 3/4-blooded), is proof of the influence of their genotype on the intensity of live weight gain.
17
Priebs, Axel. "Small towns and their surroundings in the context of local government reorganisation. Results from Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)." Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna 15, no. 60 Specjalny (December 8, 2022): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/rrpr.2022.60s.03.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of small towns for stabilising and supporting the development of rural regions is being gradually recognised in spatial research and planning. This paper discusses the status of small towns in local administrative reform processes. It is based on the example of reform processes that were carried out in the German state of Schle- swig-Holstein. At the end of this process, the small towns found themselves in very dif- ferent political and administrative constellations with respect to neighbouring districts. Strengthening towns as central service locations was not part of the state’s plans for reform. In several cases, even if a town had an efficient administration, the surrounding municipalities were not prepared to entrust their administration to the town, but rather perpetuated duplicate structures in a local “collar” district administration around the town. Steps for better efficiency and specialisation of employees were not implemented. It became clear that many small municipalities did not want to be administered by towns. As a final result, the concerns of the small towns were not taken into account sufficiently in the reform processes in question.
18
Küçükönder, Hande, Fatih Üçkardeş, and Ercan Efe. "Meta Analiz Yaklaşımı ile Laktasyon Sırası ve Buzağılama Mevsiminin 305 Günlük Laktasyon Süt Verimi Üzerindeki Etki Büyüklüğünün Tahmini." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (August 5, 2014): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i1.17-21.160.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the effect of the lactation sequence and the calving season, which are one of the factors influencing the milk yield in Holstein Friesian breed cows, were studied with meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that allows a re-evaluation of the studies conducted by other researchers for the same purpose by bringing them together. Meta-analysis combines and summarizes the results of the studies conducted on various fields, and contributes in making a common judgment among researchers. For these reasons, the studies of 7 different researchers that have been made in this field were brought together and it was aimed to create a common view about the studied parameters. In addition, the heterogeneity in this study was investigated by Chi-Square and I2 test statistics, and these values were found as ×^2=50.205 and I2= 88%, respectively. Therefore, for combining the studies, the fixed effect model wasn’t used in meta-analysis. In this study, the results of the researchers’ studies’ regarding the subject in question were scanned with meta-analytical screening method, and were combined by using the odds ratio (OR) which is the effect size criterion in meta-analysis. As a result of the meta-analysis, the Odds ratio value was found as 0.759 and the effect level was determined middle. With this study conducted, as a result of this meta-analysis conducted, it was found that the contribution done by the lactation sequence on 305-day lactation milk yield in Holstein Friesian cattles in obtaining high milk yield was 0.759 times more compared to the calving season.
19
Ulriksen, Jens Molter, and Torbjörn Brorsson. "Sukow Ware at Vester Egesborg, Denmark?" Danish Journal of Archaeology 12, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dja.v12i1.133826.
Full textAbstract:
During archaeological excavations at Vester Egesborg, a landing site from the Late Germanic Iron Age and Viking Age was found. The find material at the site was large and varied, providing proof of contacts with other places in the southern Baltic Sea area. This includes a significant number of sherds looking like Early Slavic Sukow pottery, which suggests contacts between Slavs in Mecklenburg and the Scandinavian population in the Early Viking Age. It is difficult to distinguish between Sukow Ware and contemporary South Scandinavian pottery in terms of shape and fabric, but the relatively large portion of rim sherds looking like the Slavic pottery type in the ceramic assemblage from Vester Egesborg posed the question of whether Sukow Ware has been imported to the site. ICP-MA/ES analyses of a sample of ceramic sherds suggest the existence of a network including the regions of Scania, Holstein and Schleswig. Evidence for the production of Sukow Ware at Vester Egesborg or in southern Zealand cannot be provided unambiguously.
20
Nussio, Carla Maris Bittar, John Tal Huber, and Luiz Gustavo Nussio. "Decoquinate, lasalocid and monensin for starter feeds and the performance of holstein calves to 20 weeks of age." Scientia Agricola 59, no. 3 (September 2002): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162002000300002.
Full textAbstract:
The large utilization of coccidiostats in dairy herds has raised the question regards the best product to use, based on better animal performance. Sixty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatments at 10 (±4) d of age to evaluate calf performance when fed approved coccidiostats available on the market in Arizona, USA. Calves received a dry calf starter without (control) or with one of the following coccidiostats: lasalocid, 30 mg kg-1; decoquinate, 19 mg kg-1; and monensin, 30 mg kg-1. Calves received 3.6 kg d-1 of a commercial 22% CP:20% fat milk replacer until 6 wk of age. Calves were offered starter "ad libitum" up to 2 kg d-1, and calves had free access to water throughout the trial. Alfalfa hay was offered "ad libitum" after weaning. Performance and dry matter intake (DMI) were monitored for 20 weeks and broken down in different periods of measurement (0-6, 7-12 and 13-20 weeks, respectively). Despite the lower dry matter intake and weight gain for females on monensin treatment during the whole period, differences among coccidiostats were seldom observed under the conditions of this study. Good calf management and the dry, hot climate of Arizona perhaps diminished the chances for subclinical and chronic disease appearance which negated potential differences and differences in calf performances.
21
Ta, Phuong, Björn Tetzlaff, Michael Trepel, and Frank Wendland. "Implementing a Statewide Deficit Analysis for Inland Surface Waters According to the Water Framework Directive—An Exemplary Application on Phosphorus Pollution in Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany)." Water 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051365.
Full textAbstract:
Deficit analysis—which principally deals with the question “how big are the gaps between current water status and good ecological status?”—has become an essential element of the river basin management plans prescribed by the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). In a research project on behalf of the Ministry of Energy, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitalization Schleswig-Holstein (MELUND), a deficit analysis based on distributed results from the water balance and phosphorus emission model system GROWA-MEPhos at high spatial resolution was performed. The aim was, inter alia, to identify absolute and relative required reduction in total phosphorus at any river segment or lake within the state territory as well as to highlight significant emission sources. The results of the deficit analysis were successfully validated and show an exceedance of the phosphorus target concentrations in 60% of the analyzed subcatchments. Statewide, 269 tons of phosphorus needs to be reduced yearly, which corresponds to approximately 31% of the total emission. Detailed data as well as maps generated by the deficit analysis benefit the planning and implementation of regionally efficient measures, which are indispensable with regard to meeting the environmental quality objectives set by the WFD.
22
Lyons, Alex. "Performing vulvic spectacles: Looking twice, thinking anew." Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl_00042_1.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary performance’s interest in staging spectacles can often work to elicit a reaction, draw attention or arouse interest as well as work to interrogate particular discourses around identity politics, particularly when nudity is involved. Whilst the body in performance has been subject to close analysis, there has been relatively little research on the representations of vulvas within contemporary performance, in particular, the ways artists expose their genitals as spectacle to analyse sociocultural themes of gender, sexuality, medical discourse, body politics and beyond. Whilst acknowledging cultural feminists of the 1960s–70s who pioneered a forum for vulvic art, this article examines spectacles produced by The Famous Lauren Barri Holstein in her performance Notorious () as well as artist and photographer Del LaGrace Volcano in Jenny Saville’s painting Matrix (1999), both of whom expose their vulvas to find pleasure in the liminal space between shock and unlearning. This article presents vulvic spectacles as spaces of transformation, challenging patriarchal constructs and conjuring dialogue around an often-tabooed body part, offering the possibility to call into question beliefs, knowledge, internalized biases, and practices – to look twice and to think anew.
23
Jumaguzin, I. F., A. I. Aminova, and T. A. Sedykh. "Productive longevity and lifelong productivity of daughters of Holstein bulls-producers with different variants of kappa-casein genotype." Agrarian science, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-355-1-60-63.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing age of economic use of cattle is one of the problems of modern cattle breeding. One of the options for increasing productivity in cattle breeding is breeding for productive longevity, through the search and use of genetic markers. We have selected the genotype of the kappa-casein protein as a genetic marker. If the influence of allelic forms of this gene on milk productivity is well studied, then the question of its interaction with lifelong productivity indicators remains open. The purpose of our research was to determine the effect of the kappa-casein genotype of Holstein bulls on the longevity and lifelong productivity of their daughters. The analysis included the indicators of 1,476 animals with at least one completed lactation. Depending on the linear affiliation and genotype of the kappa-casein gene of the breeding bulls, their daughters were divided into 4 groups. The frequency of occurrence of the CSN3A allele in the studied bulls was 81.91%, the CSN3B allele — 18.09%. The highest frequency of occurrence of the desired CSN3B allele was in bulls of the Reflection Sovering line — 20.83%, which is 3.69% more than in bulls of the Vis Back Ideal line. The analysis of the life expectancy of animals showed that it turned out to be the longest in the daughters of bulls from the Reflection Sovering line (2.46 lactation) and especially with the CSN3B genotype — 2.59 lactation. The greatest lifetime milk yield (18,490 kg) was characterized by the daughters of bulls with the CSN3AB genotype in the Reflection Sovering line. Their superiority over animals from the same lineage, but with the CSN3AA genotype, was 1004 kg, the Vis Back Ideal line with the CSN3AA genotype was 1472 kg and with the CSN3AB genotype was 1343 kg. The highest average milk yield in 1 day of a cow’s life was also in animals of the Reflection Sovering line with the CSN3AB genotype — 9.05 kg.
24
Чекмарёв, Андрей Викторович, and Ирина Викторовна Белинцева. "TEMPLE IN GROSSENASPE (SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, GERMANY): THE RUSSIAN TRAIL OF THE ERA OF CATHERINE II." ВОПРОСЫ ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(13) (June 5, 2020): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25995/niitiag.2020.13.2.013.
Full textAbstract:
Cтатья посвящена описанию процесса проектирования и архитектурному анализу приходской церкви в Гроссенаспе (земля Шлезвиг-Гольштейн), связанной с историей российско-немецких отношений в XVIII в. Обстоятельства появления этого памятника отсылают к краткому и яркому периоду, когда Россия активно участвовала в решении судеб ряда немецких территорий, а российская императрица Екатерина II являлась регентом Голштинии при малолетнем сыне Павле, унаследовавшем от Петра III корону Гольштейн-Готторпа. Екатерина содействовала постройке храма, лично утвердив в 1771 г. проект архитектора Иоганна Адама Рихтера (1733-1813) и оказав финансовую помощь приходу. В знак признательности церковь была торжественно освящена в честь Святой Екатерины в сентябре 1772 г. в присутствии обер-камергера герцога Гольштейн-Готторпского Каспара фон Сальдерна (1711-1788), талантливого и ловкого дипломата, активно участвовавшего в решении т. н. «Голштинского вопроса» во взаимоотношениях России и Дании. Позже Сальдерн, оказавшийся в результате интриг в опале, осел в перешедшей к Дании Голштинии - в 1774-1782 гг. обустроил усадьбу в Ширензее и семейную усыпальницу в Бордесхольме, недалеко от Гроссенаспе. Имея политическое влияние в регионе, он немало способствовал постройке рассматриваемой церкви в Гроссенаспе, обеспечив помощь со стороны российской императрицы. Церковь является одновременно и типичным, и относительно редким в северной Германии образцом протестантской церковной архитектуры периода барокко. В основе постройки октагональный кирпичный неоштукатуренный объем, перекрытый мансардной черепичной кровлей, с примыкающей с запада двухъярусной башней-колокольней. Выбор центрической модели был обусловлен спецификой протестантского богослужения и теоретическими поисками визуального воплощения лютеранского храма. На обновление церковной архитектуры протестантской части Германии повлияли теоретические воззрения и увражи Леонарда Кристофа Штурма (1669-1719) и других архитекторов. Рассматривается архитектурно-исторический контекст памятника, анализируется круг причастных к его сооружению заказчиков и архитекторов. The subjects of this articles are the history of construction and architectural analysis of the parish church at Grossenaspe (the land of Schleswig-Holstein), connected with the history of Russian-German relations in the 18th century. The circumstances of the appearance of this monument refer to a brief and bright period, when Russia actively participated in deciding the fate of a number of German territories, and Russian empress Catherine II was regent of Golsch Under Tor. Catherine facilitated the construction of the temple, personally approving in 1771 the project of architect Johann Adam Richter (1733-1813) and providing financial assistance to the parish. As a sign of gratitude, the church was solemnly consecrated in honor of St. Catherine in September 1772 in the presence of the ober-chamberlain Duke of Holstein-Gottorp Kaspar von Saldern (1711-1788), a talented and skillful diplomat who actively participated in the solution of the so-called “Golstein question” in the relations between Russia and Denmark. Later Saldern, who was disgraced as a result of intrigues, settled in Golschtinia, which passed to Denmark. In 1774-1782 he set up an estate in Shirensee and a family stump in Bordesholm, near Grossenaspe. With his political influence in the region, he contributed greatly to the construction of the church in Grossenaspe, ensuring support from the Russian empress. The church is both a typical as well as a relatively rare model in northern Germany of the Protestant church architecture of the Baroque period. The basis of the construction is the octagonal brick non-stucco volume, covered with mansard tile roof, with two-tier bell tower adjacent from the west. The choice of a centric model was due to the specifics of Protestant worship and theoretical searches for the visual embodiment of the Lutheran temple. The renewal of the church architecture of the Protestant part of Germany was influenced by the theoretical views and ouvrages of Leonard Christoph Sturm (1669-1719) and other architects. In the article the architectural and historical context of the monument is considered and the circle of customers and architects involved in its construction is analyzed.
25
Mrode, R. A., G. J. T. Swanson, and M. S. Winters. "Method and effects of incorporating foreign information into United Kingdom production evaluations." Animal Science 63, no. 3 (December 1996): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800015253.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCountries, which import a significant amount of semen, embryos and animals, are faced with the problem of how properly to evaluate the animals in the national evaluation system when information on the foreign parents is generally missing. Additional problems arise when the foreign parents obtain an evaluation, usually on the basis of progeny, in the country of import with the result that there are two published evaluations for the animals in question. This paper presents a post-iterative method of incorporating foreign information into home country evaluations. The foreign information is initially converted to the same scale and base as in the home country using procedures recommended by the International Bull Evaluation Service. The method consists essentially of calculating a combined evaluation for animals with home and foreign information as a weighted average of yield deviations, parent averages and progeny contributions from the foreign and home countries. The combined evaluations are used to adjust the evaluations of progeny on the basis of formulae derived from the usual mixed model equations. The same principles were used to combine reliabilities from the respective home and foreign reliabilities. The results from the application of the method to the United Kingdom (UK) Holstein Friesian population are presented. There was re-ranking of both bulls and cows, especially foreign bulls with few UK daughters.
26
Bibus, Erhard, and Michael Kösel. "Paläopedologische Klimazeugen zur Untergliederung des Rißeiszeiten-Komplexes im Rheingletschergebiet." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 46, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.46.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Riß Ice Age, defined as a single uniform period by Penck & Brückner (1901/1909), has been divided into three morphostratigraphic units by Schreiner (1998, 1992) for the Rhine glacier area, Young Riß, Middle Riß (Doppelwall Riß) and Older Riß. In the study presented here using palaeopedological criteria, the question of the existence of interglacial climatic conditions between the individual divisions was examined. A total of at least three interglacial periods in the Riß complex could be proven. The results achieved from one soil (soil pocket in Bittelschieß) are ambiguous due to beheading activity. It could, however, be proven at several locations that interglacial soil formation occurred between the Young and Middle Riß. The interglacial period between Middle and Older Riß can be divided into two separate shorter periods. However, the evidence provided by sandy gravel does not prove with certainty that indeed colder climatic conditions were the cause of the division. The older section of this double interglacial period is characterised by thermophilic elements such as Pterocarya and Buxus in the clays of Bittelschieß. This inner Riß interglacial period is probably equivalent to the Holstein interglacial period. When compared with the pcriglacial area, it can be stated with certainty, that the loess from the last but one ice age, know as Riß loess in the alpine classification system, can only be temporally equivalent to the Young Riß.
27
Heymann, Ann-Katrin, Karina Schnabel, Fabian Billenkamp, Susanne Bühler, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Dirk von Soosten, and Sven Dänicke. "Influences of Glyphosate Contaminations and Concentrate Feed on Performance, Blood Parameters, Blood Cell Functionality and DNA Damage Properties in Fattening Bulls." Animals 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13091499.
Full textAbstract:
Glyphosate (GLY), the active substance in non-selective herbicides, is often found in ruminant feed. The present feeding study aimed to investigate the effects of GLY-contaminated rations and different concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on the health of fattening German Holstein bulls. Bulls were grouped by low (LC) or high (HC) CFP with (GLYLC, GLYHC) or without GLY-contaminations (CONLC, CONHC) in their rations. Intakes (dry matter, water) and body weight were documented continuously lasting over an average range from 392.2 ± 60.4 kg to 541.2 ± 67.4 kg (mean ± SD). Blood samples collected at the trial’s beginning, and after 7 and 15 weeks, were analyzed for hematological and clinical-chemical traits, functional properties of leukocytes, redox parameters and DNA damage. The average GLY exposures of 128.6 (GLYHC), 213.7 (GLYLC), 1.3 (CONHC) and 2.0 µg/kg body weight/d (CONLC) did not lead to GLY effects for most of the assessed parameters relating to animal health and performance. CFP and time displayed marked influences on most of the experimental parameters such as higher dry matter intake and average daily gain in HC compared with the LC groups. GLY effects were rather weak. However, the observed interactive effects between GLY and CFP and/or time occurring in an inconsistent manner are likely not reproducible. Finally, all animals remained clinically inconspicuous, which brings into question the physiological relevance of putative GLY effects.
28
Reichstein, Torben, Alois Peter Schaffarczyk, Christoph Dollinger, Nicolas Balaresque, Erich Schülein, Clemens Jauch, and Andreas Fischer. "Investigation of Laminar–Turbulent Transition on a Rotating Wind-Turbine Blade of Multimegawatt Class with Thermography and Microphone Array." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2019): 2102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112102.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge about laminar–turbulent transition on operating multi megawatt wind turbine (WT) blades needs sophisticated equipment like hot films or microphone arrays. Contrarily, thermographic pictures can easily be taken from the ground, and temperature differences indicate different states of the boundary layer. Accuracy, however, is still an open question, so that an aerodynamic glove, known from experimental research on airplanes, was used to classify the boundary-layer state of a 2 megawatt WT blade operating in the northern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. State-of-the-art equipment for measuring static surface pressure was used for monitoring lift distribution. To distinguish the laminar and turbulent parts of the boundary layer (suction side only), 48 microphones were applied together with ground-based thermographic cameras from two teams. Additionally, an optical camera mounted on the hub was used to survey vibrations. During start-up (SU) (from 0 to 9 rpm), extended but irregularly shaped regions of a laminar-boundary layer were observed that had the same extension measured both with microphones and thermography. When an approximately constant rotor rotation (9 rpm corresponding to approximately 6 m/s wind speed) was achieved, flow transition was visible at the expected position of 40% chord length on the rotor blade, which was fouled with dense turbulent wedges, and an almost complete turbulent state on the glove was detected. In all observations, quantitative determination of flow-transition positions from thermography and microphones agreed well within their accuracy of less than 1%.
29
Pryima, S. V. "DETERMINATION OF BREEDING VALUE AND PREPOTENCY OF DAIRY BULLS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 63 (August 9, 2022): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.63.10.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. In the field of dairy farming, the prospect of improving the breeding characteristics of the herd will primarily depend on the successful selection of bulls for its reproduction, as it is proved that the role of heredity in the genetic improvement of breeds reached 90–95%. Therefore, the intensive use of leading bulls with high breeding value is the main means of selective improvement of livestock in modern dairy farming with any systems and methods of breeding. The question of determining the degree of realization of breeding value of bulls under the condition of stable transmission of hereditary information to offspring, namely prepotency improvement on productive traits in a particular herd, is quite motivated, which was the purpose of our research.
Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in a breeding herd for breeding Ukrainian Red and Black-and-White dairy cattle and Holstein breeds of AF "Svitanok" Maryinsky district of Donetsk region. For the analysis, the electronic information database of SMDC ʺORSECʺ as of November 2021 was used. The analysis included information on milk productive, reproductive ability and exterior of 1215 first-heifers in 2007–2020 calving years and the intensity of live weight of heifers up to one and a half years of age.
Research results. Calculation of the average manifestation of the considered features of certain groups of half-sibs was found that the highest improving effect on milk yield and milk fat and milk protein for 305 days of the first lactation was found using Holstein bulls C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Shirley 447860719 and Besson 393035302, Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. Of the identified improvers higher than the average level of relative narrowing of variability in the offspring was found in bulls Shirley 447860719 (Kc = 0.380 … 0.383), C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (Kc = 0.316 … 0.330) and Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.303 … 0.314), which makes the most desirable their further use in the herd. Degraders of milk production of the firstborns were bulls Misiats 6333 and Ducat 125 Ukrainian Red dairy, Artist 4502 Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cattle, Trener 6064 Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 Holstein breeds. In terms of live weight of daughters at different ages, the most noticeable consolidations were bulls Bestus 348313870, Ducat 125, Cadenz Red 114151975, C. E. Altadeсree 64633889, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506. However, the daughters of bulls Ducat 125, Campino Red 112825601 and Jupiter 27640964506 at the age of 9, 12 and 18 months have a lower live weight compared to the average livestock (-11.5 to -79.4 kg). The most significant improving effect on the live weight of daughters in the herd at all ages is carried out by the bull C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 (from +0.1 to +80.9 kg). Also, Dragomir 113021400, Cadenz Red 114151975 and Epik DE348025783 are characterized by a high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.323 … 0.379) with neutral influence on the herd in the specified age period. Analysis of the results of the evaluation of the exterior of cows in the herd shows that a more noticeable manifestation of prepotency by measurements of first-heifers (height at withers, height at rump, height at chest, width of chest, length of trunk) was found in bulls Kantsler Red 768305280, Jansker 345199616 Kadisko Red 578904182, Campino Red 112825601, Ducata 125 and Dragomir 113021400. Assessing the consolidation of bulls on the basis of linear descriptive features of the body structure of daughters, namely their final assessment, the most noticeable manifestation of prepotency with higher-than-average manifestation was observed in bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889. The bulls Trener 6064 (Kc = 0.349; d = -5,6) and Artist 4501 (Kc = 0.306; d = -6,0) had a pronounced negative impact on the body type of daughters on average. Also, the bulls of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed Tsvitok 435, Surguch 6500134711 and Dragomir Red 113021400 proved to be prepotency type improvers with a fairly high degree of consolidation (Kс = 0.265 … 0.315).
According to most of the studied features, the highest improving effect was obtained from bulls Shirley 447860719 and C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 Holstein breed and Tsvitok 435 and Surgucha 6500134711 among the bulls of Ukrainian Red dairy breed. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0.288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. The daughters of the Misiats 6333 (Kc = 0.043), Dukat 125 (0.172), Dragomir Red 113021400 (0.188), Besson 393035302 (0.195) and Artist 4501 (0.196) had the lowest phenotypic consolidation.
Conclusions. In determining the breeding value of bulls, it is advisable to assess their prepotency on individual grounds. Among bulls of Holstein breed the greatest improving effect on the considered signs was noted in C. E. Altadeсree 64633889 and Shirley 447860719, and among breeders of Ukrainian Red dairy breed in Tsvitok 435 and Surguch 6500134711. On average, according to the 30 signs taken into account, bulls Tsvitok 435 (Kc = 0,288), Bestus 348313870 (0.254), Jansker 345199616 (0.254), Campino Red 112825601 (0.249), Jupiter 27640964506 (0.246) and Surguch 6500134711 (0.243) have the highest level of prepotency. On average, the highest level of prepotency was observed on the basis of live weight of heifers at the age of 18 and 12 months.
30
Pechová, A., L. Pavlata, R. Dvořák, and E. Lokajová. "Contents of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in Milk in Relation to their Concentrations in Blood, Milk Yield and Stage of Lactation in Dairy Cattle." Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, no. 4 (2008): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200877040523.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the study was to assess the effect of actual daily milk production and lactation stage on concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu and Se in milk, and monitor correlations between milk and blood concentrations of these microelements. The study was performed in a herd of Holstein cattle with the average milk yield of 8,562 kg. Thirty-five dairy cows housed in one group were included in the study. Blood and milk samples were taken during two separate milk yield checks done 4 weeks apart. Actual milk production of monitored cows ranged from 19.6 to 62.6 l daily. For lactation stages we evaluated results of examinations performed from 7 to 188 days of lactation. Blood examinations showed that the cows included in our study had good supplementation with the microelements in question. Milk concentrations of individual microelements were as follows: 3855.2 ± 814.7 μg/l of Zn; 36.3 ± 14.4 μg/l of Cu; 20.1 ± 8.3 μg/l of Mn, and 28.6 ± 7.1 μg/l of Se. The effect of daily milk production on milk concentrations of the microelements was identified only for copper (r = -0.302, p ⪬ 0.05). The variable of days of lactation (not considering days of the colostrum period) showed a positive correlation in manganese (r = 0.419, p ⪬ 0.01); copper and selenium showed negative correlations (Cu: r = -0.258, p ⪬ 0.05; Se: r = -0.277, p ⪬ 0.05). The daily milk production influenced negatively only Cu concentration in milk, but Se, Zn and Mn was not influenced.With advancing lactation after colostrum period the concentration of Mn in milk raised, the concentration of Cu and Se declined and the concentration of Zn was unchanged.
31
Špehar, Marija, Zdenko Ivkić, Zdravko Barać, Davor Pašalić, Maja Dražić, Josip Crnčić, and Ivica Vranić. "Mogućnosti provedbe genomske selekcije za male populacije goveda - primjer Hrvatske." Mljekarstvo 69, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15567/mljekarstvo.2019.0201.
Full textAbstract:
The implementation of genomic selection (GS) together with the changes caused by globalization and trade liberalization of breeding material often raise the question of sustainability of breeding programs in small cattle populations/countries. The objective of this study was to describe the steps in the implementation of GS in small populations of Croatian Simmental (SIM) and Holstein (HOL) breeds; to show the results of its implementation; and to present the perspectives of GS for these populations. In order to improve the selection of SIM bulls, Croatia joined the German-Austrian genomic evaluation system in July 2013. The main goal of the GS in HOL population was selection of bull’s dams at a young age which started in 2016 through the inclusion in German HOL genomic evaluation system. In total, 268 SIM and 96 HOL calves were selected, genotyped, and genomically tested until the end of 2017. The criterion for the entry of SIM bulls in the artificial insemination (AI) centres is the total merit index over 130 and candidates should not be carriers of specific monogenic defects or be recessive for them. Based on these criteria, seven young bulls were selected as for AI. The criteria for the selection of HOL females are the total merit index of 150, without monogenic defects and so far none of them reached these standards. The future perspective for HOL breed is international IgHol project for small HOL populations representing the possibility for cost-efficient solutions of GS. The implementation of GS brought opportunity to Croatian breeders to use semen of bulls from the national breeding program. Genomics for females becomes an attractive option to capitalise the benefits of using this technology.
32
Schulz, Björn, and Sven Büchner. "Populations of Muscardinus avellanarius in north-western Europe can survive in forest poor landscapes, when there are enough hedges (Rodentia: Gliridae)." Lynx new series 49, no. 1 (2018): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lynx-2018-0008.
Full textAbstract:
The hazel dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a strictly arboreal species. In its European lowland range, the forest coverage was heavily reduced during historical times, e.g. down to ca. 4% in the northern German federal state of Schleswig-Holstein in the 18th century. This low forest cover remained for 200 years. According to habitat models, hazel dormice cannot survive in the long-term in habitats with low levels of forest cover (<5–10%). To answer the question, how hazel dormouse populations survived in almost deforested areas the recent species distribution map for north-west Europe was analysed with a GIS-overlay of different habitat data. Additionally, historical maps for north-west Germany were analysed to find crucial historical landscape elements. The history of a site apparently influences the present status of hazel dormice. Forest cover of younger woodlands is still of importance but less determinant. Habitat tradition and continuity are important for habitat suitability for the hazel dormouse and identifying historical hedgerow systems and historical woodlands can help to find places with hitherto unknown presence of hazel dormouse. Apparently, for the hazel dormouse the lack of forest habitats in north-western Europe was successfully compensated by the creation of a hedgerow network. Hedgerows function as a habitat by themselves, not just as a connecting structure. A density of 50 m continuous high quality and well-connected hedgerows per hectare seems to be a minimum for the survival of hazel dormice in northwest European landscapes. The preservation of ancient habitats and the restoration of new habitats as core habitats and connections is a key strategy to facilitate the long-term survival and re-colonisation of species.
33
Hanuš, Oto, Eva Samková, Jiří Špička, Kamila Sojková, Kristýna Hanušová, Tomáš Kopec, Marcela Vyletělová, and Radoslava Jedelská. "Relationship between concentration of health important groups of fatty acids and components and technological properties in cow milk." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 5 (2010): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058050137.
Full textAbstract:
Groups of fatty acids (FAs) in milk fat can have positive and negative impact on consumer health. Profile of FAs could be influenced by dairy cow nutrition, breed, milk yield level et cetera. The question is what relationships the FAs could have to quality of milk products? Relationships between FAs and their groups to selected milk indicators were studied in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cows (64 bulk milk samples). There were 8 herds in 2-year investigation during winter and summer season. The relationship of saturated FAs (SAFA; 66.22%) was significant only to lactose (L) content (0.290; P < 0.05). The relationships of monounsaturated FAs (MUFA; 29.21%) to milk indicators (MIs) were insignificant (P > 0.05). The relationships of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA, beneficial for consumer health; 4.53%) to MIs were narrower: fat (T, 0.321; P < 0.05); lactose (L, 0.458; P < 0.01); milk alcohol stability (AL, 0.447; P < 0.01); titration acidity (SH, 0.342; P < 0.01); cheese curd quality (KV, 0.427; P < 0.01); milk fermentationability (JSH, 0.529; P < 0.001), streptococci count in yoghurt (Strepto, 0.316; P < 0.05); total count of noble bacteria in yoghurt (CPMUK, 0.314; P < 0.05); streptococci/lactobacilly ratio (StreptoLacto, 0.356; P < 0.01). The relationships of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; markedly beneficial for health; 0.68%) to MIs were: T (0.379; P < 0.01); L (–0.542; P < 0.001); AL (0.266; P < 0.05); KV (0.411; P < 0.01); Strepto (0.260; P < 0.05); StreptoLacto (0.270; P < 0.05). The higher CLA levels were connected in this way with: higher fat content; lower lactose content; lower alcohol stability; lower streptococci count in yoghurt; lower streptococci/lactobacilly ratio in yoghurt. The PUFA and CLA representation decreased with L increase. Simultaneously some technological milk properties such as alcohol stability and fermentationability were slightly improved.
34
Abeysinghe, Pevindu. "A comparative analysis of small extracellular vesicle (sEV) micro-RNA (miRNA) isolation and sequencing procedures in blood plasma samples." Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids 5, no. 1 (2023): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2023.55.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: Analysis of miRNA (18-23nt) encapsulated in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (diameter ~30-200 nm) is critical in understanding the diagnostic and therapeutic value of sEV miRNA. However, various sEV enrichment techniques yield different quantities and qualities of sEV miRNA. Here, we compare the efficacy of three sEV isolation techniques in four combinations for miRNA next-generation sequencing. Methods: Blood plasma from four Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (Bos taurus) (n = 4) with similar genetic traits and physical characteristics were pooled to isolate sEV. Ultracentrifugation (UC) (100,000 × g, 2 h at 4 °C), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ultrafiltration (UF) were used to design four groups of sEV isolations (UC+SEC, SEC+UC, SEC+UF and UC+SEC+UF). sEV miRNAs were isolated using a combination of TRIzol, Chloroform and miRNeasy mini kit (n = 4/each), later sequenced utilizing Novaseq S1 platform (single-end 100 bp sequencing). Results: All four sEV methods yielded > 1,700 miRNAs and sEV miRNAs demonstrated a clear separation from control blood plasma circulating miRNA (PCA analysis). MiR-381-3p, miR-23-3p, and miR-18b-3p are among the 25 miRNAs unique to sEV, indicating potential sEV-specific miRNA markers. Further, those 25 miRNAs mostly regulate immune-related functions, indicating the value of sEV miRNA cargo in immunology. Conclusion: The four sEV miRNA isolation methods employed in this study are valid techniques. The choice of method depends on the research question and study design. If purity is of concern, the UC+SEC method resulted in the best particles/µg protein ratio, which is often used as an indication of sample purity. These results could eventually establish sEV miRNAs as effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools of immunology.
35
Bazyshina, I. V. "FORMATION OF ECONOMIC UTILITIES OF DAIRY CATCH DEPENDING ON ORIGIN OF THE FATHER, LINE AND RELATED GROUP." Animal Breeding and Genetics 53 (April 27, 2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.53.09.
Full textAbstract:
Material and methods of research. The study was carried out based on the materials of the primary pedigree registration in the herd of the leading breeding plants for breeding Ukrainian red and black-and-white dairy breeds of cattle, OOO "Agrofirma "Svitanok" in the Donetsk region. The number of the firstborns we analyzed amounted to 515. In general, the matrix of observations was compiled containing information on 1271 animals for 448 variables (signs).
Results. In order to assess the effectiveness of the use of these selection groups in the herd, a comparative analysis of group averages for the main breeding characteristics was carried out. The significant difference in the number of bulls used in the herd of the bull breeding farm was taken into account, taking into account the characteristics of the daughters. Through the age of the first calving, the difference between the best and worst groups of half-sisters reached 159 ± 0.1 days or 20.3% (P <0.001), the reproductive capacity - 0,109 ± 0,017 or 11,3% (P <0,001), I milk for 305 days of the first lactation - 1616 ± 169.2 kg or 24.8% (P <0.001), the second - 1229 ± 57.2 kg or 18, 0% (P <0.001), the third - 1899 ± 426, 8 kg or 27.9% (P <0.001). On the content of fat in milk, the intergroup difference reached 0.41 ± 0.039% (P <0.001) of the first, 0.18 ± 0.053% (P <0.001) - for the second and 0.09 ± 0.020% (P <0.05) - (P <0.001), 0.11 ± 0.050% (P <0.001), and 0.11 ± 0.039% (P <0.1), respectively. The most abundant is Offspring used in recent years by the bulls Jupiter 27640964506 (64 daughters), Campino 112825601 (84 daughters) and Kadisko 579904182 (65 daughters). It is noteworthy that in comparison with the above the milk production for 305 days of the first lactation was in the daughters of the bulls Erik 348025783 (6508 ± 259.7 kg) and Jansker 345199616 (6497 ± 184.6 kg). The daughters of the bull S.S.Khoma 399264 KKG-1314 (4.06 ± 0.050%) differed in the high fat content of milk with comparatively low milk yields. Analysis of the exteriors of cows of daughters of different bulls attests to a certain degree of intergroup differentiation in these characters of the cows in question. The largest and tallest are the daughters of the bulls of the Holstein breed and the golshtinized type. According to some measurements, cows of golshtinized type do not even achieve standards for cows of fatty type, which are much lower. The daughters of the bull of the Holstein breed Erica 248025783, being large and tall among the cows of the groups under analysis, satisfied the standard Southern intra-pore type of the Ukrainian black-ripened milk breed only by measuring the breadth of the chest (42.5 ± 0.75 cm). The daughters of the bulls SSHouma 399264 KKG-1314 and Dragomir 113021400 almost satisfied the standard of the gholshtinized type of the Ukrainian red dairy breed only in the area of the pastern (18.6 ± 0.17 and 18.5 ± 0.13 cm). Intergroup differentiation of half-sisters after the father, in many cases proved to be significant and highly reliable. Bulls that were used in the herd belong to the lines and related groups of Ukrainian red and black-and-white dairy breeds with the numerical advantage of breeding groups of golshtinized type. Among the compared groups, the largest number of daughters were the producers of the Validian 1650414 group (166 head), Starbuck 352790 (114 goals), Chifa 1427381 (92 votes) and Kevelye 1620273 (83 votes). The highest milk productivity for the first and subsequent lactation with uniform growth was found in the cows of related groups of Holstein-type Maple 1430145, Olivishna 1491007, Starbak 352790 and Kevelie 1620273. The cows of the related groups Eliveyshna 1491007 and Kevelie 1620273 are the fastest-growing among the cows of the registered lines and related groups. Low among the cows of the registered lines and related groups, the cows of the fat-milk type of the related group by bay window 17021 differed in milk productivity.
Conclusion. The phenotypic variability of the selected economically useful traits of herd cows is largely determined by the influence of genetic factors, which makes it possible to expect a very significant effectiveness and efficiency of breeding in the herd. The origin of the father results in 7-61%, and belonging to the line or related group of 3-51% of the total phenotypic variability of the characteristics considered.
36
Windschnurer, I., K. Barth, and S. Waiblinger. "Can stroking during milking decrease avoidance distances of cows towards humans?" Animal Welfare 18, no. 4 (November 2009): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600000920.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study investigated whether short-time stroking of loose-housed dairy cows in the daily farm routine could improve the cow-human relationship and consequently decrease avoidance distances, and whether this effect was persistent. Thirty-one cows (from two different breeds: Holstein Friesian and German Red Pied) received either a treatment (STROKING; n = 15) or no treatment (CONTROL; n = 16). In the STROKING group, each animal was stroked during morning and evening milking by an unfamiliar individual (experimenter) for 3 min over a 5-day period (Treatment 1) and again, 4 weeks later, over a 3.5-day period (Treatment 2). CONTROL animals could observe the experimenter during milking. Before and after treatment, the experimenter recorded the avoidance distances of cows (distance of first withdrawal when approached from the front) at the feeding place (AVOIDfeed) and in the barn (AVOIDbarn). Prior to Treatment 1, CONTROL and STROKING animals did not differ in AVOIDfeed or in AVOIDbarn. After Treatment 1, AVOIDfeed was significantly lower in STROKING animals compared to CONTROL animals. With regard to AVOIDbarn, no significant difference was found between STROKING animals and CONTROL animals after Treatment 1. After 4 weeks, before Treatment 2, CONTROL and STROKING animals did not differ significantly anymore in AVOIDfeed. After Treatment 2, AVOIDfeed was again significantly lower in STROKING animals than in CONTROL animals. Also, in the barn, (AVOIDbarn), STROKING animals avoided the experimenter less than CONTROL animals after Treatment 2. In terms of within-group evolution of avoidance distances, AVOIDfeed of CONTROL animals did not decrease in the course of the two treatments. Only after Treatment 2 were avoidance distances at the feeding place of STROKING animals significantly lower than initial avoidance distances. AVOIDbarn of CONTROL animals decreased after Treatment 1 but did not decrease significantly after Treatment 2. AVOIDbarn of STROKING animals decreased significantly after Treatment 1 and again after Treatment 2. It is suggested that short-time stroking during milking can affect the responses of cows to humans positively, although our results question the amount of contact necessary: even more contact might be required for lasting effects.
37
Kjærgaard, Thorkild. "Freden i Kiel, Grønland og Nordatlanten 1814-2014." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118891.
Full textAbstract:
Thorkild Kjærgaard: The Peace in Kiel, Greenland, and the North Atlantic, 1814–2014
At the peace conference in Kiel (North Germany) in January 1814, the Danish-Norwegian North Atlantic Empire that controlled an enormous area of land and water, including not only Denmark (with Schleswig-Holstein) and Norway but also Iceland, the Faroe Islands and the huge, thinly populated ice-covered island of Greenland, was dissolved by the victorious powers of the Napoleonic wars. Norway was given to Sweden as compensation for Finland, which Sweden — now in the victorious coalition — had lost to Russia in 1809. Rather surprisingly, the Kingdom of Denmark — now, without Norway, Europe’s smallest independent country — was entrusted with Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands, although these three North Atlantic areas since early medieval times had been a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Without question, this was a major historical injustice. For Denmark, the outcome of the 1814 conference in Kiel was twofold: it was reduced to a very small country and it became — and still is — a polar nation, which it had not been before. The article discusses three aspects of this complex. Firstly: What happened in Kiel? Why were the three North Atlantic territories taken from Norway and given to Denmark? Was it, as it has been claimed by a majority of historians, the merit of sly Danish diplomats or was it — as the author believes — the will of the United Kingdom that was imposed on two small countries, Sweden and Denmark? Secondly, it is discussed how Denmark dealt with its new role as a polar nation. It turns out that Denmark initially was a rather hesitant, not to say, unwilling polar nation. Gradually, however, the extraordinary qualities of the North Atlantic islands, especially Greenland, were recognized. Since the end of the 19th century, Greenland has been a major subject of Danish art and literature, just as it has been a decisive dimension of Danish scientific research. The last section of the article deals with the significance of Greenland for Danish security and foreign policy. It is shown how the suffocating dependency on Great Britain after 1814 gradually was reduced thanks to a rapprochement to the new world power, the United States, which very early on showed interest in Greenland, which is, geographically, a part of the North American continent. The close alliance with the United States has saved Greenland for Denmark, just as it has been extremely helpful for Denmark in number of critical situations since 1814, but it also has its price. The price is that Denmark always follows US and never questions US actions. Relatively, Denmark, one of President Bush’s “willing nations,” has had more casualties on the American battlefields in Iraq and Afghanistan than any other of the United States’ allied nations. The Danish soldiers who have been killed on Middle East or Central Asiatic battlefields since 2001 have died for Greenland.
38
Borges, Lígia Miranda Ferreira, Sabrina Castilho Duarte, and Carla Cristina Braz Louly. "Cattle tick differentiates between the odors of Holstein Friesian and Nelore cattle." Ciência Rural 45, no. 11 (November 2015): 2023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150010.
Full textAbstract:
Although Rhipicephalus microplus mainly parasitizes bovines, different breeds can have variable parasite burdens, with indian breeds being less susceptible to tick infestation than european breeds. These ticks use pasture questing to seek out their hosts in the open spaces of their grassland habitats. Using an olfactometer bioassay, where the larva could express questing, the authors aimed to answer whether R. microplus exhibit different behaviors depending on the bovine breed. Sixteen larvae were individually exposed to the odors of five holstein friesian cattle, five nelore cattle, hexane (negative control) and 2-nitrophenol (positive control). The highest questing responses were observed to 2-nitrophenol and holstein odors. The lowest response was observed to the solvent and was statistically similar to nelore odors. It is possible to conclude that R. microplus express different questing behaviors depending on the odor of the breed perceived. This behavior can help R. microplus to avoid parasitizing nelore bovines and is biologically advantageous for the tick because it is known that ticks that feed on this host have impaired development
39
Machulnyi, V. V. "PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE AND RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREEDS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.15.
Full textAbstract:
Milk yield of cows in breeding herds, Cherkassy region, for last completed lactation averaged 6442 kg of milk with 3.62 % fat content. Currently the question of interconnection of cows’ milk production and reproductive capacity is especially important, because the significant increase in milk yields makes minimize calves. The successful conduct of breeding had set the goal to detect the best options for combining milk production and reproductive ability of animals.To characterize the level of milk production including reproductive ability of cows we used indicator of daily average milk yield per one day of periods between calving (PBC). The best service period can be considered period of 51-90 days, that allows you to get one calf per cow per year (average PBC is 351 days) and maintain high milk production (6431 ± 39.6 kg during 305 days of lactation). With this service period all indicators of milk production and reproductive ability are at high level. Reduced service period below recommended levels will reduce the duration of lactation and milk production, and increasing service period will increase the duration of lactation with a simultaneous reduction in milk production for 305 days. Herewith deterioration of reproductive ability is marked and manifested in the increase of the insemination index, decline in the reproductive capacity, increase of periods between calving and as a result, reduce of calves and culling barren cows.Analysis of genealogical structure of the studied herds points to low diversity (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows belong to 6 lines and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows – to 8 ones) with high affinity (by Chief 1427381.62 to R. Sovereign 198998 bloodline, by Starbuck 352790.79 to Elevation 1491007 and Ideal1013415 bloodlines).Genealogical structure of the herds is saturated a lot of bulls genealogical groups of Holstein cattle: Chief 1427381 – 11 bulls in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed and 5 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Starbuck 352790.79 – 10 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3 ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, Elevation 1491007.65 – 4 sires in the array of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and 3ones in Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed.Currently the sires of Chief 1427381.62 (7712-3,76-289,9-3,14-242,1), Starbuck 352790 (7857-3,87-295,4-3,07-241,2), Jocko Besne 694028588.94(6687-3,88-259,5-3,03-202,6), and Bell 1667366 bloodlines (61341-3,95-242,3-3,02-185,2) among sires of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cattle and the sires of Cavalier 1620273.72 (7285-3,98-289,9-3,08-224,4), Chief 1427381.62 (7522-3,76-282,8-3,00-225,7),Starbuck 392405 (7667-3,87-296,7-3,00-230,0), and Elevation 1491007.65 bloodlines (7544-3,80-286,7-3,5-230,0) among sires of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed are classified to a highly productive and promising for breeding and wider use by productive qualities.After the first insemination the lowest proportion of fertilized cows is among offspring belonging to Chief 1427381 bloodline which is only 38 % among both breeds. However, the milk yield of breeding stock belonging to this bloodline is 7712 kg with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows and 7522 kg of milk with 3.76 % fat content for Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows. Daughters belonging to Elevation1491007, Valiant 1650414, and Hanover 1629391 bloodlines with yields of 4566-5478 kg of milk per lactation had a part of fertilized cows, after the first insemination, at the level of 41-49 %. Fertilization after the first insemination above 50% was in daughters belonging to Cavalier 1620273.72 (52%), Starbuck 392405(50-55 %), Bell 1667366(56%) and Jocko Besne 694028588.94 bloodlines (64 %). The level of performance of these animals for milk yield ranged from 6134 kg to 7857 kg.Heritability coefficients of milk yield and duration of service period were low (0.118-0.289). A positive correlation can be explained by the fact that extension of service period (to a certain level) leads to growing number of milking days (duration of lactation) and defers a decrease in productivity of cows by physiological reasons, namely as a result of pregnancy. Low rates of heritability indicate little genetic diversity of traits and the significant influence of physiological and environmental factors in their formation.As Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds have a high proportion of heredity of Holstein breed which has genetically large fetus, there is need to study the characteristics of nature passing calving in cows of these breeds. Itis found the number of first-calf heifers which needed help was 52.4%. Animals calve alone in 47.6 % of all cases.
Calving was without complications if the live weight of calves not exceeding 6-7% of mother’s weight. The cows calved without help of staff exceeded by 11.7% of the width of the pelvis in the buttocks, 7.5 % of the width of the ilium, and 7.1 % of its oblique length compared with animals of same age.
40
King, J. M., D. J. Parsons, J. R. Turnpenny, J. Nyangaga, P. Bakari, and C. M. Wathes. "Modelling energy metabolism of Friesians in Kenya smallholdings shows how heat stress and energy deficit constrain milk yield and cow replacement rate." Animal Science 82, no. 5 (October 2006): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200689.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development focussed attention on agricultural sustainability and biodiversity in developing countries. These goals are relevant for livestock production in Kenya, where development agencies encourage resource-poor smallholders to acquire large, exotic, high-yielding dairy cows, despite their poor performance, revealed in recent surveys in the highlands and at the coast. The performance of the cows is not in question. The debate relates to the diagnosis of the causes, their treatment and the prognosis for the production system. To improve our understanding of the dynamics of the system, models of nutrition and energy, modified for the tropics, were used to measure the thermal responses over 24 h of six pure or crossbred Friesians at a mean lactation of 54 (s.d. 21·6) days, in separate zero-grazing units. Four smallholdings were on the hot, humid coast and two in the cooler highlands. The output of the model runs was related to the subsequent lactation, calving interval and profitability of the cows. The model showed that the thermal load caused moderate stress for all cows during the day, which became severe in the sun in the highlands, but the drop in air temperature, from 27 °C to 13 °C, at night dissipated the gain in body heat. At the coast, where the night temperature remained above 24 °C and relative humidity above 0·85, there was no remission of heat stress for cows with a milk yield greater than 11 l/day. The lactation curve, in all cows, declined from an initial peak to a low profile of 5 l/day. Cows in both regions with initial yields above 20 l/day had the steepest decline and longest calving intervals (457 to 662 days). They had the largest lactation yields and lowest direct cost per litre, but their poor breeding record reduced cull sales and increased replacement cost, raising the total cost per litre. By contrast, the cow with the lowest daily and lactation yield had the highest direct cost, but lowest total cost per litre, because she produced 2 heifer calves at an interval of only 317 days. These case studies serve as a reminder that, where heat load depresses appetite or poor food cannot support lactation, the energy deficit and stress reduces cow fertility, fitness, and longevity, so that she fails to breed a heifer replacement during her shortened productive life. The model predicted that food intake, depressed by heat stress, would not support a milk yield above 14 l/day and 3000 l per annum at the coast, and 22 l/day and 5000 l per annum in the highlands. Therefore, although appearing profitable in the short term, the current policy of promoting cows with higher yields than the climate and production system can support, is unsustainable. This outcome has implications for smallholder dairy development policy in Kenya, and probably elsewhere in the tropics. Instead, one should reconsider smaller exotic breeds and crossbreds with improved indigenous dairy cows whose overall productivity from milk yield, fecundity, longevity, and disease tolerance 50 years ago was better than that of the modern Holstein-Friesian in a Kenya smallholding.
41
Stellner, František. "Peter III’s Relatives at Petersbourg Сourt." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (July 19, 2024): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424030046.
Full textAbstract:
The author examines the political history of the eighteenth-century Russian Empire and its relations with members of the royal family from the Holy Roman Empire. Based on the study of unpublished sources, mainly in Austrian and Russian archives, as well as published Russian, British, and French sources, he presents a new interpretation of Peter III’s relations with members of the House of Holstein. The research aims to answer the following questions: What role did Peter III’s “German kinsmen” play at the St. Petersburg court and in the administrative system of the state? What impact did their actions have on the Russian elite’s perception of the Tsar’s rule? Did Peter III’s personnel policy, which favoured the Holstein dynasty members for key positions in the state apparatus, differ from the previous practice of Russian monarchs? A detailed analysis of the sources eads to the following conclusions: Peter III’s Holstein relatives exerted considerable influence on the policy of the St. Petersburg court, occupying key positions in the military and political establishment of the Russian Empire in the early 1760s. At the same time, most of them did not speak Russian and did not try to adapt to their new cultural environment. The behaviour of some “Holsteinites”, as well as the preferential treatment they received at the expense of members of the royal family and St. Petersburg nobles, caused an extremely negative reaction in Russian society, contributing to the growth of hatred towards the Germans. Peter III’s decision to surround himself with relatives from Central Europe was reminiscent of the reign of Anna Ivanovna, whose closest confidants were of non-Russian origin. On the other hand, Anna Ivanovna’s cronies came from different parts of the Holy Roman Empire.
42
Ladyka, V., Y. Sklyarenko, and Y. Pavlenko. "Characteristics of the genetic structure of the β-casein gene of producers approved for use in Ukraine in 2020." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(156) (May 25, 2020): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-39-45.
Full textAbstract:
The modern topical issue in dairy cattle breeding is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Casein is the main component of milk proteins and is represented by three fractions - alpha (CSN1S1), beta (CSN2) and capa (CSN3). The content of individual casein fractions depends on the breed of cows. Scientists point out some grand questions as for the promotion of milk proteins, like beta-casein, affecting on such disorders as type-1 diabetes, schizophrenia, autism and the sudden death of an infant. The economic component that will ensure the attractiveness of creating the dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 is the higher price of raw milk in comparison with conventional milk. The aim of this work is to evaluate the genotype of bulls-producers by the beta-casein gene, which are allowed to be used in Ukrainian farms in 2020. It is established that the majority of such bulls-producers are evaluated by the genotype of betta-casein. The largest proportion of bulls with the desired A2A2 genotype was found in red Danish and red Norwegian bulls. A greater proportion of A1A1 genotypes are characterized by Holstein bulls of red-mottled color. The largest proportion of the desired A2 allele was found in bulls of red Danish, red Norwegian and Guernsay breeds. Producers of Holstein and Ayshire breeds were characterized by a smaller proportion of this allele. It was found that the use of sperm of bulls approved for use in 2020 with the A2A2 by β-casein genotype on the breeding stock of domestic breeds will improve the economically useful characteristics of offspring, and will contribute the desired genotype of cows. As a result of the analysis of the genotype of Holstein and Swiss breeds that were used in breeding farms of Sumy region over the past three years, we found that 38 Holstein bulls were used in breeding farms and in breeding plants, among which 11% were evaluated by the β-casein gene. Among 12 Shvits bulls that were used in farms of the region, only 42% were evaluated by the β-casein genotype. This confirms that the work with the formation of dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 in Sumy region was not carried out. Key words: breed, bull, β-casein, genotype, allele, daughters milk productivity.
43
Fonnesbeck, Sawyer, Kara J. Thornton, Blair Waldron, Rusty Stott, Alexis Sweat, Kerry Rood, Earl Creech, Allen Y. Young, and Clay Isom. "PSI-19 Influence of cattle breed and forage type on organic dairy heifer performance." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.513.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Many breeds of dairy cattle exist, but questions remain about their relative performance within exclusively forage-based systems in the United States. This paucity of data is especially apparent in relation to heifer development, which is the second largest expense on most dairy farms. We evaluated the performance of prepubertal heifers from four different genetic backgrounds (“breeds”) within a rotational grazing system in the Intermountain West. For each of two 105-day grazing seasons, 24 dairy heifers from each of four different breeds [Holstein (HO), Jersey (JE), Holstein/Jersey crossbred (HJ), and Swedish Red/Holstein/Montbeliarde crossbred (SHM)] were randomly assigned to one of two pasture treatments that consisted of either grass only (MONO) or grass interseeded with the legume birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; MIX). Main effects of treatment and breed (and potential interactions) on heifer average daily gain (ADG), change in percent mature body weight (CPMBW), fecal egg count (FEC), rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), and body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated. There was a significant effect of pasture treatment on ADG, with MIX heifers averaging 0.48 kg of gain/day, whereas MONO heifers averaged 0.29 kg/day (P < 0.0001). Change in BCS was significantly affected by treatment (P = 0.0012) and breed (P < 0.0001). Significant effects of treatment (P < 0.0001), breed (P = 0.0005), and treatment*breed (P = 0.0005) on CPMBW were also found. Treatment and breed had no effect on FEC or total rumen VFA content (P > 0.05). Overall, we found that Jerseys were able to gain a higher percentage of their mature body weight and lose less body condition while on pasture than heifers of other breeds. We also found that grazing BFT can have significant positive effects on ADG, BCS, and CPMBW. Further research is needed to more thoroughly evaluate the influence of heifer genetics (breed) on metrics of growth, health, reproductive performance, and production in pasture settings.
44
Wåhlin, Vagn. "Grundtvig i politik op til 1830." Grundtvig-Studier 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v45i1.16142.
Full textAbstract:
Grundtvig in Politic until 1830-1831By Vagn WåhlinVagn Wåhlin discusses the Grundtvig text, .Political Considerations., re-printed above, which was written in the year of the 1930 revolution. In the Danish United Monarchy the European revolutions gave rise to a demand for a wider citizen participation in politics through parliamentary institutions and a demand for a solution to the national problem of the position of Schleswig between the Kingdom and Holstein. In addition, the debate led to a discussion of and a demand for an extension of the civil rights, including in particular a specification of the character and extent of the freedom of the press. The present article discusses Grundtvig’s treatment of these and other political subjects in the pamphlet mentioned.In the article, the concept of politics is defined as the attempt by an individual or a group to influence the authoritative distribution of the material and spiritual wealth of the society, a definition that comes close to Grundtvig’s own view. The article does not intend an exhaustive account of Grundtvig’s political views, but aims to show how Grundtvig’s attitude in a number of earlier writings has emerged through his occupation with current events and considerable social philosophers. The decisive thing for Grundtvig, before and especially around and after the time of the pamphlet discussed here, was to present and promote a form of government, on a historical and pragmatic basis, for the benefit and welfare of the whole people, where freedom and power balanced each other, where the rulers were responsive to the voice of an enlightened citizenry, and where confidence, love and responsibility rather than selfishness prevailed among the members of the society and determined the purposeful actions of the whole people - all under Divine Providence. It is pointed out how Grundtvig takes account of the character of the Danish society as an agrarian society by emphasizing the peasantry as ideally the fundamental and stabilizing element in the state. Consequently Grundtvig stresses the primary production as the foundation of society, structured through the mutual love in freedom and the folk culture of the people - traits common to the nation - as the basis of the interaction of the citizens and hence the balance between their equality and freedom. Grundtvig doubts the general possibility or desirability of equality, and is of the opinion that inequality is a natural condition of life, but that this condition is counterbalanced by the mutual fellow feeling of the citizens. Grundtvig uses the social pact idea in his definition of the distribution of power between the consultative function of the people, expressing the general will of the public, and the executive power of the King. The consultative power of the citizens finds its expression through the public media, dependent on freedom of the press, and Grundtvig brings up the concrete proposal that the Schleswig question should be solved by letting the Schleswigers give expression to the general public will in the public press. Grundtvig defends the right of the citizens to revolt the moment their rights, for example their right of property, are violated, but he dissociates himself from revolutions which, in his opinion, lead to tyranny, the opposite of freedom. The article explains how trust in God’s Providence together with love is the condition of the King’s and the people’s trust in the viability of the above-mentioned relationship. Grundtvig’s political views have their foundation in his emphasis on the importance of Christianity for the universal-historical development and for a people’s fulfillment of its own destiny in it.
45
Kostenko, V. I. "ON THE MATTER OF MILK SECRETION INTENSITY BY COW’S MAMMARY GLAND." Animal Science and Food Technology 11, no. 4 (December 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/animal2020.04.054.
Full textAbstract:
The secretion of milk in the intervals between milkings has its own patterns, and therefore researchers have different opinions about the intensity of the secretory process. Some scientists believe that the secretion of milk is uneven. Immediately after emptying the udder, it is higher, and with increasing interval, the intensity of the secretory process decreases, i.e. it is curved. This issue is still not clarified scientifically. The aim of our research was to study the change in the intensity of milk secretions during lactation under the condition of "voluntary", physiologically motivated emptying of the mammary gland and its frequency. The study of changes in the intensity of milk secretion during lactation under conditions of "voluntary" emptying of mammary gland in Holstein cows of different ages and levels of milk productivity was evaluated by using automatic milking control system based on electronic meters "Fullflow", which is mounted and functions in the milking unit VMS - 2012. Analyzing the nature of the secretory activity of the mammary gland of the first-born cow during lactation, we found that even under the condition of "voluntary" emptying, the intensity of the secretory process decreases. The average value of the intensity of milk secretion per hour during the first five months was quite close (1192.1 ± 33.51… 1105.6 ± 24.63) and only starting from the sixth month, it decreases initially by 17.3%, in comparison to the first month of lactation, and for the ninth month of lactation - by as much as 31.0%. In addition, there were significant fluctuations in the intensity of milk secretion for individual milkings during each month of lactation. Thus, the difference between the minimum and maximum values of the intensity of milk secretion by the mammary gland was the largest in the first month of lactation – 4.65 times, and the smallest - in the sixth month – 2.22 times. This indicates that the intensity of milk secretion even in the condition of "voluntary" emptying of the mammary gland is influenced by both internal and external factors, and above all – the conditions in which cows are fed, kept and exploitated. All this did not allow the animal to realize the functionality of the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland to the maximum possible secretory process for each day of lactation. Thus, under the relatively optimal parameters of these conditions, the average daily milk yield in the first month of lactation should be more than 65.0 kg of milk, with the actual – 25.7 kg, or 2.56 times higher. A similar pattern is observed during all months of lactation, where this difference ranges from 1.67 to 1.93 times. No less important, in our opinion, is the question of the time of emptying the mammary gland during the day. We found out that during lactation, mammary gland emptying occurs at all hours of the day without exception, although with varying frequency. Thus, more than 5.0 % of mammary gland emptying occurred: from 0 to 1 o’clock, from 7 to 8, from 10 to 12, from 17 to 18 and from 21 to to 22 o'clock. The rarest (1.74 %) mammary gland emptying occurred from 9 to 10 o'clock. Also, less than 3.0 % of emptying were observed from 4 to 5 and from 19 to 20 o’clock. On average per day, the emptying of the mammary gland in first-born cows occurred 3.5 times, and depending on the month of lactation ranged from 4.2 to 2.7 times. So the assessment of the intensity of the secretory process in the mammary gland can be a criterion for establishing genetic capabilities to the productivity of each animal and the time of milking during the day practically has no effect on the secretory process in the cow's mammary glands.
46
Desmet, Karolien L. J., Waleed F. A. Marei, Christophe Richard, Katrien Sprangers, Gerrit T. S. Beemster, Pieter Meysman, Kris Laukens, et al. "Oocyte maturation under lipotoxic conditions induces carryover transcriptomic and functional alterations during post-hatching development of good-quality blastocysts: novel insights from a bovine embryo-transfer model." Human Reproduction 35, no. 2 (February 2020): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez248.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does oocyte maturation under lipolytic conditions have detrimental carry-over effects on post-hatching embryo development of good-quality blastocysts after transfer? SUMMARY ANSWER Surviving, morphologically normal blastocysts derived from bovine oocytes that matured under lipotoxic conditions exhibit long-lasting cellular dysfunction at the transcriptomic and metabolic levels, which coincides with retarded post-hatching embryo development. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY There is increasing evidence showing that following maturation in pathophysiologically relevant lipotoxic conditions (as in obesity or metabolic syndrome), surviving blastocysts of good (transferable) morphological quality have persistent transcriptomic and epigenetic alteration even when in vitro embryo culture takes place under standard conditions. However, very little is known about subsequent development in the uterus after transfer. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro in the presence of pathophysiologically relevant, high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (HIGH PA), or in basal NEFA concentrations (BASAL) as a physiological control. Eight healthy multiparous non-lactating Holstein cows were used for embryo transfers. Good-quality blastocysts (pools of eight) were transferred per cow, and cows were crossed over for treatments in the next replicate. Embryos were recovered 7 days later and assessed for post-hatching development, phenotypic features and gene expression profile. Blastocysts from solvent-free and NEFA-free maturation (CONTROL) were also tested for comparison. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Recovered Day 14 embryos were morphologically assessed and dissected into embryonic disk (ED) and extraembryonic tissue (EXT). Samples of EXT were cultured for 24 h to assess cellular metabolic activity (glucose and pyruvate consumption and lactate production) and embryos’ ability to signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy (interferon-τ secretion; IFN-τ). ED and EXT samples were subjected to RNA sequencing to evaluate the genome-wide transcriptome patterns. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The embryo recovery rate at Day 14 p.i. was not significantly different among treatment groups (P > 0.1). However, higher proportions of HIGH PA embryos were retarded in growth (in spherical stage) compared to the more elongated tubular stage embryos in the BASAL group (P < 0.05). Focusing on the normally developed tubular embryos in both groups, HIGH PA exposure resulted in altered cellular metabolism and altered transcriptome profile particularly in pathways related to redox-regulating mechanisms, apoptosis, cellular growth, interaction and differentiation, energy metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms, compared to BASAL embryos. Maturation under BASAL conditions did not have any significant effects on post-hatching development and cellular functions compared to CONTROL. LARGE-SCALE DATA The datasets of RNA sequencing analysis are available in the NCBI’s Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository, series accession number GSE127889 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE127889). Datasets of differentially expressed genes and their gene ontology functions are available in the Mendeley datasets at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/my2z7dvk9j.2. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The bovine model was used here to allow non-invasive embryo transfer and post-hatching recovery on Day 14. There are physiological differences in some characteristics of post-hatching embryo development between human and cows, such as embryo elongation and trophoblastic invasion. However, the main carry-over effects of oocyte maturation under lipolytic conditions described here are evident at the cellular level and therefore may also occur during post-hatching development in other species including humans. In addition, post-hatching development was studied here under a healthy uterine environment to focus on carry-over effects originating from the oocyte, whereas additional detrimental effects may be induced by maternal metabolic disorders due to adverse changes in the uterine microenvironment. RNA sequencing results were not verified by qPCR, and no solvent control was included. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our observations may increase the awareness of the importance of maternal metabolic stress at the level of the preovulatory oocyte in relation to carry-over effects that may persist in the transferrable embryos. It should further stimulate new research about preventive and protective strategies to optimize maternal metabolic health around conception to maximize embryo viability and thus fertility outcome. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Flemish Research Fund (FWO grant 11L8716N and FWO project 42/FAO10300/6541). The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest.
47
Na`nah, Ibrahim, and Omar Salim Al-Khateeb. "Evaluating the Sciences and Islamic Education Textbooks of the Secondary Level in Jordan in Light of Modern Standards of the Educational Environment." International Journal of Education 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v7i2.6360.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This study aimed to evaluating the textbooks of sciences and Islamic education of the<br />secondary level in Jordan based on the modern standards of educational environment, and the<br />study tried to answer the following questions:<br />-What are the modern standards of the educational environment that should be available in the<br />books of sciences and Islamic education of the secondary level in Jordan?<br />- What is the compatibility degree of the textbooks of sciences and Islamic education of the<br />secondary level with the modern standards of the educational environment?<br />The study sample consisted of the same study population; it’s the textbooks of sciences and<br />Islamic education of the secondary level Released by the Ministry of Education for the<br />academic year 2012/2013 AD. And to achieve the objectives of the study, the Researchers have<br />developed a tool to measure and analyze included seven axes and twenty-seven contemporary<br />standards to the environmental education at the secondary level. The tool was presented to<br />committee of specialists to make sure of its sincerity, Extraction reliability coefficient using<br />(Holsti) stability equation , so the reliability coefficient reaching over time90.1%) and by<br />individuals (86.9%), which is acceptable for the purposes of the study, and this was as an<br />answer to the first question of the study.</p>
48
COULON, J. B., A. HAUWUY, B. MARTIN, and J. F. CHAMBA. "Pratiques d’élevage, production laitière et caractéristiques des fromages dans les Alpes du Nord." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 3 (June 7, 1997): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.3.3993.
Full textAbstract:
En 1985, un programme de Recherche-Développement a été mis en place dans les Alpes du Nord pour répondre aux questions spécifiques posées par la filière laitière de cette région. Une partie des travaux de ce programme a concerné la caractérisation des animaux et des aliments. Ils ont montré que les vaches de races locales (Tarentaises en particulier) présentaient des aptitudes particulières (meilleures performances de reproduction, moindre précocité sexuelle, traite plus difficile, meilleure aptitude à la marche) comparativement à des vaches Holstein conduites dans les mêmes conditions, mais que leur rationnement pouvait être réalisé selon les recommandations mises au point avec ces animaux. L’étude des relations entre les facteurs de production du lait et les caractéristiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles des fromages a mis en évidence un effet des caractéristiques génétiques des animaux (variant C de la caséine bêta), du stade de lactation et de la nature de l’alimentation (en particulier la nature des pelouses d’alpage) sur la qualité des fromages. Ces résultats donnent des indications précieuses aux différents agents de la filière pour raisonner la conduite des animaux dans un objectif de production de fromages présentant une forte typicité.
49
Pulido, R., and J. D. Leaver. "An investigation of the effect of initial milk yield level on the response to sward height and concentrate supplementation in grazing dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200591510.
Full textAbstract:
The increase of milk yield potential of dairy cows raises a number of questions relating to their management at pasture where the intake potential might be limiting. The interaction of initial milk yield (IMY), sward availability (SH) and level of concentrate supplementation (CI) is largely unknown.Two experiments of 42 and 24 days in spring and midsummer were carried out with 45 and 27 Holstein Friesian cows respectively. In spring, five IMY groups (range 16.9 to 35.5 kg/day) and in midsummer three IMY groups (range 22.2 to 31.8 kg/day) were used. In both periods, three compressed sward height(3 to 5, 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 cm) and three CI (0, 3 and 6 kg/day, with 160 g CP/kg DM, 12.8 MJ ME/kg DM) were used. The grazing area consisted of 7.9 ha of perennial ryegrass which was set stocked. The herbage intake (HDMI) was estimated indirectly from individual cow performance. Grazing time (GT) was recorded for each cow on 24 hour observations. Multiple regression analyses were carried out relating the dependent variables herbage intake, grazing behaviour and milk production to the independent variables (IMY, SH, CI).
50
Groß, Daniel, Harald Lübke, Ulrich Schmölcke, and Marco Zanon. "Early Mesolithic activities at ancient Lake Duvensee, northern Germany." Holocene 29, no. 2 (November 16, 2018): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618810390.
Full textAbstract:
The ancient lake Duvensee in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, is one of the prime locations in northern Europe for early Holocene research. Archaeological sites on the former lakeshore provide vivid illustrations of early Mesolithic life, with bark mats and other organic finds preserved, including evidence for the extensive use of hazelnuts. Although the area has been the subject of research for almost 100 years, a coherent summary of these discoveries has not yet been written. Here we review past research at Duvensee, and give some prospects for further research. We show that the Duvensee sites varied in their structure and chronology. While only a limited number of sites can be connected to hazelnut exploitation, some of them show signs of hafting and retooling and other domestic activities. At a few sites, specific hearths were excavated which can be connected with hazelnut roasting and other subsistence activities. Finally, we show that while most earlier studies focused almost exclusively on archaeological research questions, Duvensee has the potential to reveal not only transformations in human behaviour, but also environmental changes at a detailed scale; we therefore argue for a more holistic perspective and multidisciplinary approach to reconstructing prehistoric landscapes and cultural transformations.