Academic literature on the topic 'Holomorphic embedding load flow'

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Journal articles on the topic "Holomorphic embedding load flow"

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Rao, Bharath, Friederich Kupzog, and Martin Kozek. "Three-Phase Unbalanced Optimal Power Flow Using Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 24, 2019): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061774.

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Distribution networks are typically unbalanced due to loads being unevenly distributed over the three phases and untransposed lines. Additionally, unbalance is further increased with high penetration of single-phased distributed generators. Load and optimal power flows, when applied to distribution networks, use models developed for transmission grids with limited modification. The performance of optimal power flow depends on external factors such as ambient temperature and irradiation, since they have strong influence on loads and distributed energy resources such as photo voltaic systems. To help mitigate the issues mentioned above, the authors present a novel class of optimal power flow algorithm which is applied to low-voltage distribution networks. It involves the use of a novel three-phase unbalanced holomorphic embedding load flow method in conjunction with a non-convex optimization method to obtain the optimal set-points based on a suitable objective function. This novel three-phase load flow method is benchmarked against the well-known power factory Newton-Raphson algorithm for various test networks. Mann-Whitney U test is performed for the voltage magnitude data generated by both methods and null hypothesis is accepted. A use case involving a real network in Austria and a method to generate optimal schedules for various controllable buses is provided.
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Trias, Antonio. "HELM: The Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Method. Foundations and Implementations." Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems 3, no. 3-4 (2018): 140–370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/3100000015.

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Liu, Chengxi, Nan Qin, Kai Sun, and Claus Leth Bak. "Remote Voltage Control Using the Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 6 (November 2019): 6308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2901865.

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Basiri-Kejani, Mohsen, and Eskandar Gholipour. "Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Modeling of Thyristor-Based FACTS Controllers." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 32, no. 6 (November 2017): 4871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2017.2682117.

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Shamseldein, M. "A Fast Holomorphic Embedding Power Flow Approach for Meshed Distribution Networks." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (June 8, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9561385.

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This paper proposes a novel holomorphic embedding approach for solving the nonlinear power flow equation for meshed electric distribution networks with ZIP load model. In the proposed approach, bus voltages are modelled as holomorphic functions in the constant power injections and then expanded using Maclurin series. The Z-bus matrix is implicitly used to calculate Maclurin series coefficients for the expanded voltage functions in a recursive manner. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of expanded voltage functions are found. Performance evaluations show that the proposed approach solves the nonlinear power flow equations faster than the existing approaches when applied to 18-, 33-, 69-, 141-, 3239-, 5701-, and 6921-bus distribution network test cases.
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Sur, Ujjal, Amitava Biswas, Jitendra Nath Bera, and Gautam Sarkar. "A modified holomorphic embedding method based hybrid AC-DC microgrid load flow." Electric Power Systems Research 182 (May 2020): 106267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106267.

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Keihan Asl, Dariush, Mohammad Mohammadi, and Ali Reza Seifi. "Holomorphic embedding load flow for unbalanced radial distribution networks with DFIG and tap-changer modelling." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 4263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6239.

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Freitas, Francisco Damasceno, Aluisio Cesar Santos, Luis Filomeno J. Fernandes, and Yussef G. I. Acle. "Restarted holomorphic embedding load-flow model based on low-order Padé approximant and estimated bus power injection." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 112 (November 2019): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.04.051.

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Abbasi, Ali Reza. "Probabilistic Load Flow Based on Holomorphic Embedding, Kernel Density Estimator and Saddle Point Approximation Including Correlated Uncertainty Variables." Electric Power Systems Research 183 (June 2020): 106178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2019.106178.

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Rao, Bharath Varsh, Mark Stefan, Roman Schwalbe, Roman Karl, Friederich Kupzog, and Martin Kozek. "Stratified Control Applied to a Three-Phase Unbalanced Low Voltage Distribution Grid in a Local Peer-to-Peer Energy Community." Energies 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113290.

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This paper presents control relationships between the low voltage distribution grid and flexibilities in a peer-to-peer local energy community using a stratified control strategy. With the increase in a diverse set of distributed energy resources and the next generation of loads such as electric storage, vehicles and heat pumps, it is paramount to maintain them optimally to guarantee grid security and supply continuity. Local energy communities are being introduced and gaining traction in recent years to drive the local production, distribution, consumption and trading of energy. The control scheme presented in this paper involves a stratified controller with grid and flexibility layers. The grid controller consists of a three-phase unbalanced optimal power flow using the holomorphic embedding load flow method wrapped around a genetic algorithm and various flexibility controllers, using three-phase unbalanced model predictive control. The control scheme generates active and reactive power set-points at points of common couplings where flexibilities are connected. The grid controller’s optimal power flow can introduce additional grid support functionalities to further increase grid stability. Flexibility controllers are recommended to actively track the obtained set-points from the grid controller, to ensure system-level optimization. Blockchain enables this control scheme by providing appropriate data exchange between the layers. This scheme is applied to a real low voltage rural grid in Austria, and the result analysis is presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Holomorphic embedding load flow"

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Wallace, Ian Patrick. "Improved computational approaches to classical electric energy problems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28922.

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This thesis considers three separate but connected problems regarding energy networks: the load flow problem, the optimal power flow problem, and the islanding problem. All three problems are non-convex non linear problems, and so have the potential of returning local solutions. The goal of this thesis is to find solution methods to each of these problems that will minimize the chances of returning a local solution. The thesis first considers the load ow problem and looks into a novel approach to solving load flows, the Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method (HELM). The current literature does not provide any HELM models that can accurately handle general power networks containing PV and PQ buses of realistic sizes. This thesis expands upon previous work to present models of HELM capable of solving general networks efficiently, with computational results for the standard IEEE test cases provided for comparison. The thesis next considers the optimal power flow problem, and creates a framework for a load flow-based OPF solver. The OPF solver is designed with incorporating HELM as the load flow solver in mind, and is tested on IEEE test cases to compare it with other available OPF solvers. The OPF solvers are also tested with modified test cases known to have local solutions to show how a LF-OPF solver using HELM is more likely to find the global optimal solution than the other available OPF solvers. The thesis finally investigates solving a full AC-islanding problem, which can be considered as an extension of the transmission switching problem, using a standard MINLP solver and comparing the results to solutions obtained from approximations to the AC problem. Analysing in detail the results of the AC-islanding problem, alterations are made to the standard MINLP solver to allow better results to be obtained, all the while considering the trade-off between results and elapsed time.
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Gupta, Nitin. "HOLOMORPHIC EMBEDDED LOAD-FLOW METHOD'S APPLICATION ON THREE-PHASE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH UNBALANCED WYE-CONNECTED LOADS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1624146858767491.

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Heidarifar, Majid. "Load flow and optimal power flow in power distribution systems - application of Riemannian optimization and holomorphic embedding." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42602.

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Distribution networks are undergoing unprecedented challenges originated from the large-scale adoption of distributed energy resources, price responsive demand, electric storage resources, electric vehicles, etc. Power system analysis techniques such as Load Flow (LF) and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) are necessary to ensure secure and optimal operation in an increasingly active, distributed, and dynamic distribution grid operation. This dissertation presents robust and computationally efficient solution techniques for LF and OPF problems. In the first part of this dissertation, we utilize Riemannian optimization and present two solution methods. The first solution method is applicable to the LF problem and is shown to fall into the category of Riemannian approximate Newton methods, which guarantees descent at each iteration while maintaining a local superlinear convergence rate. The second solution method is a Riemannian Augmented Lagrangian Method (RALM) which applies to the OPF problem. The proposed solution approach exploits the geometrical properties of the power flow equations and ensures the physical feasibility of the solution. Computational experiments on several distribution networks provide encouraging results in terms of solution quality and speed. The second part of this dissertation employs Holomorphic embedding methods and presents two LF solution techniques. The first solution technique improves the computational efficiency of the Holomorphic Embedding Load flow Method (HELM). Numerical experimentation demonstrates overall time savings of up to 30% on IEEE radial distribution test cases. The second solution technique extends HELM to three-phase distribution networks with a generic topology and wye/delta connected ZIP load models. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method through numerical results. The third part of this dissertation is focused on exploiting the existing network infrastructure to improve the system operation. We present an optimal line switching and bus splitting heuristic considering AC and N-1 contingency constraints and apply the proposed method to several IEEE standard test networks. We also provide directions for possible extensions to distribution networks. The proposed method identifies a network topology that reduces the operation cost while maintaining AC feasibility and initial system reliability level in the sense of N-1 contingency requirements.
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Sarnari, Alberto Jose. "Numerically Robust Load Flow Techniques in Power System Planning." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119928.

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Since deregulation of the electric power industry, investment in the sector has not kept up with demand. State grids were interconnected to form vast power networks, which increased the overall system’s complexity. Conventional generation sources have, in some cases, closed under financial stress caused by the growing penetration of renewable sources and unfavourable government measures. The power system must adapt to a more demanding environment to that for which it was conceived. This thesis investigates the robustness of planning and simulation study tools for the determination of bus-voltages and voltage stability limits. It also provides an approach to obtain greater certainty in the determination of voltages where conventional methods fail to be deterministic. Two complementary methods for determining the collapse voltage are developed in this thesis. The first method applies Robust Padé approximations to the holomorphic embedding load flow method; while the second method uses the Newton-Raphson numerical calculation method to obtain both high and low voltage solution branches, and voltage stability limits of power system load buses. The proposed methods have been implemented using MATLAB and been demonstrated through a number of IEEE power system test cases. The robust Padé approximation algorithm improves the reliability of solutions of load flow problems when bus-voltages are presented in Taylor series form by converting the series into optimised rational functions. Differences between the classic Padé approximation algorithm and the new robust version, which is based on singular value decomposition (SVD), are described. The new robust approximation method can determine an optimal rational function approximation using the coefficients of a Taylor series expansion. Consequently, the voltage collapse points, as well as the steady-state voltage stability margin, can be calculated with high reliability. Voltage collapse points (i.e. branching points) are identified by using the locations of poles/zeros of a rational function approximation. Numerical examples are devised to illustrate potential use of the proposed method in practical applications. Use of the Newton-Raphson method, combined with the discrete Fourier transform and robust Padé approximation, enables the calculation of the voltage stability limits and both the high and low voltage solution branches for the load buses of a power system. This can work to a great advantage of existing N-R based software users, as problems of initial guess, multiple solutions and Jacobian matrix conditioning when operating close to the voltage collapse point are avoided. The findings are assessed by comparisons with conventional Newton-Raphson, the holomorphic embedding load flow method, and continuation power flow method. This thesis contains a combination of conventional and publication formats, where some introductory materials are included to ensure that the thesis delivers a consistent narrative. For this reason, the first two chapters provide the required background information, research gap identification and contributions, whilst other chapters are written to provide more detailed work that has not yet been published or to summarise the research outcomes and future research directions. Furthermore, publications are listed in their publication formats, complete with statements of the authors’ contributions.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2019
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"Application of Holomorphic Embedding to the Power-Flow Problem." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25823.

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abstract: With the power system being increasingly operated near its limits, there is an increasing need for a power-flow (PF) solution devoid of convergence issues. Traditional iterative methods are extremely initial-estimate dependent and not guaranteed to converge to the required solution. Holomorphic Embedding (HE) is a novel non-iterative procedure for solving the PF problem. While the theory behind a restricted version of the method is well rooted in complex analysis, holomorphic functions and algebraic curves, the practical implementation of the method requires going beyond the published details and involves numerical issues related to Taylor's series expansion, Padé approximants, convolution and solving linear matrix equations. The HE power flow was developed by a non-electrical engineer with language that is foreign to most engineers. One purpose of this document to describe the approach using electric-power engineering parlance and provide an understanding rooted in electric power concepts. This understanding of the methodology is gained by applying the approach to a two-bus dc PF problem and then gradually from moving from this simple two-bus dc PF problem to the general ac PF case. Software to implement the HE method was developed using MATLAB and numerical tests were carried out on small and medium sized systems to validate the approach. Implementation of different analytic continuation techniques is included and their relevance in applications such as evaluating the voltage solution and estimating the bifurcation point (BP) is discussed. The ability of the HE method to trace the PV curve of the system is identified.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014
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"Solving for the Low-Voltage/Large-Angle Power-Flow Solutions by using the Holomorphic Embedding Method." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.34817.

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abstract: For a (N+1)-bus power system, possibly 2N solutions exists. One of these solutions is known as the high-voltage (HV) solution or operable solution. The rest of the solutions are the low-voltage (LV), or large-angle, solutions. In this report, a recently developed non-iterative algorithm for solving the power- flow (PF) problem using the holomorphic embedding (HE) method is shown as being capable of finding the HV solution, while avoiding converging to LV solutions nearby which is a drawback to all other iterative solutions. The HE method provides a novel non-iterative procedure to solve the PF problems by eliminating the non-convergence and initial-estimate dependency issues appeared in the traditional iterative methods. The detailed implementation of the HE method is discussed in the report. While published work focuses mainly on finding the HV PF solution, modified holomorphically embedded formulations are proposed in this report to find the LV/large-angle solutions of the PF problem. It is theoretically proven that the proposed method is guaranteed to find a total number of 2N solutions to the PF problem and if no solution exists, the algorithm is guaranteed to indicate such by the oscillations in the maximal analytic continuation of the coefficients of the voltage power series obtained. After presenting the derivation of the LV/large-angle formulations for both PQ and PV buses, numerical tests on the five-, seven- and 14-bus systems are conducted to find all the solutions of the system of nonlinear PF equations for those systems using the proposed HE method. After completing the derivation to find all the PF solutions using the HE method, it is shown that the proposed HE method can be used to find only the of interest PF solutions (i.e. type-1 PF solutions with one positive real-part eigenvalue in the Jacobian matrix), with a proper algorithm developed. The closet unstable equilibrium point (UEP), one of the type-1 UEP’s, can be obtained by the proposed HE method with limited dynamic models included. The numerical performance as well as the robustness of the proposed HE method is investigated and presented by implementing the algorithm on the problematic cases and large-scale power system.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015
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"Exploration of a Scalable Holomorphic Embedding Method Formulation for Power System Analysis Applications." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.45022.

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abstract: The holomorphic embedding method (HEM) applied to the power-flow problem (HEPF) has been used in the past to obtain the voltages and flows for power systems. The incentives for using this method over the traditional Newton-Raphson based nu-merical methods lie in the claim that the method is theoretically guaranteed to converge to the operable solution, if one exists. In this report, HEPF will be used for two power system analysis purposes: a. Estimating the saddle-node bifurcation point (SNBP) of a system b. Developing reduced-order network equivalents for distribution systems. Typically, the continuation power flow (CPF) is used to estimate the SNBP of a system, which involves solving multiple power-flow problems. One of the advantages of HEPF is that the solution is obtained as an analytical expression of the embedding parameter, and using this property, three of the proposed HEPF-based methods can es-timate the SNBP of a given power system without solving multiple power-flow prob-lems (if generator VAr limits are ignored). If VAr limits are considered, the mathemat-ical representation of the power-flow problem changes and thus an iterative process would have to be performed in order to estimate the SNBP of the system. This would typically still require fewer power-flow problems to be solved than CPF in order to estimate the SNBP. Another proposed application is to develop reduced order network equivalents for radial distribution networks that retain the nonlinearities of the eliminated portion of the network and hence remain more accurate than traditional Ward-type reductions (which linearize about the given operating point) when the operating condition changes. Different ways of accelerating the convergence of the power series obtained as a part of HEPF, are explored and it is shown that the eta method is the most efficient of all methods tested. The local-measurement-based methods of estimating the SNBP are studied. Non-linear Thévenin-like networks as well as multi-bus networks are built using model data to estimate the SNBP and it is shown that the structure of these networks can be made arbitrary by appropriately modifying the nonlinear current injections, which can sim-plify the process of building such networks from measurements.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017
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"Effect of Various Holomorphic Embeddings on Convergence Rate and Condition Number as Applied to the Power Flow Problem." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.36427.

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abstract: Power flow calculation plays a significant role in power system studies and operation. To ensure the reliable prediction of system states during planning studies and in the operating environment, a reliable power flow algorithm is desired. However, the traditional power flow methods (such as the Gauss Seidel method and the Newton-Raphson method) are not guaranteed to obtain a converged solution when the system is heavily loaded. This thesis describes a novel non-iterative holomorphic embedding (HE) method to solve the power flow problem that eliminates the convergence issues and the uncertainty of the existence of the solution. It is guaranteed to find a converged solution if the solution exists, and will signal by an oscillation of the result if there is no solution exists. Furthermore, it does not require a guess of the initial voltage solution. By embedding the complex-valued parameter α into the voltage function, the power balance equations become holomorphic functions. Then the embedded voltage functions are expanded as a Maclaurin power series, V(α). The diagonal Padé approximant calculated from V(α) gives the maximal analytic continuation of V(α), and produces a reliable solution of voltages. The connection between mathematical theory and its application to power flow calculation is described in detail. With the existing bus-type-switching routine, the models of phase shifters and three-winding transformers are proposed to enable the HE algorithm to solve practical large-scale systems. Additionally, sparsity techniques are used to store the sparse bus admittance matrix. The modified HE algorithm is programmed in MATLAB. A study parameter β is introduced in the embedding formula βα + (1- β)α^2. By varying the value of β, numerical tests of different embedding formulae are conducted on the three-bus, IEEE 14-bus, 118-bus, 300-bus, and the ERCOT systems, and the numerical performance as a function of β is analyzed to determine the “best” embedding formula. The obtained power-flow solutions are validated using MATPOWER.
Dissertation/Thesis
Flow chart of the HE algorithm
Presentation for mater's thesis defense
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015
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Books on the topic "Holomorphic embedding load flow"

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Trias, Antonio. The Holomorphic Embedding Load-Flow Method: Foundations and Implementations. Now Publishers, 2018.

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Conference papers on the topic "Holomorphic embedding load flow"

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Trias, A. "The Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow method." In 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2012.6344759.

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Sarnari, Alberto Jose, and Rastko Zivanovic. "Robust padé approximation for the holomorphic embedding load flow." In 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aupec.2016.7749303.

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Santos, A. C., F. D. Freitas, and L. F. J. Fernandes. "Load flow problem formulation as a holomorphic embedding method." In 2018 Simposio Brasileiro de Sistemas Eletricos (SBSE) [VII Brazilian Electrical Systems Symposium (SBSE)]. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbse.2018.8395855.

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Sur, U., A. Biswas, J. Nath Bera, and G. Sarkar. "Dynamic Voltage Restorer Modelling for Holomorphic Embedding Distribution Load Flow." In Michael Faraday IET International Summit 2020 (MFIIS 2020). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.1086.

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Liu, Chengxi, Nan Qin, Kai Sun, and Claus Bak. "Remote Voltage Control Using the Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method." In 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281690.

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Sur, Ujjal, Amitava Biswas, Jitendra Nath Bera, and Gautam Sarkar. "Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Modeling of DSTATCOM for Active Distribution Networks." In 2020 IEEE Calcutta Conference (CALCON). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/calcon49167.2020.9106523.

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Heidarifar, Majid, Panagiotis Andrianesis, and Michael Caramanis. "Efficient Load Flow Techniques Based on Holomorphic Embedding for Distribution Networks." In 2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm40551.2019.8973882.

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Sur, Ujjal, Amitava Biswas, Jitendranath Bera, and Gautam Sarkar. "A Modified Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method for Active Power Distribution Networks." In 2019 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tensymp46218.2019.8971227.

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Sun, Liping, Yuntao Ju, Lin Yang, Shuo Ge, Qing Fang, and Jiankai Wang. "Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Modeling of the Three-phase Active Distribution Network." In 2018 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powercon.2018.8602144.

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Sauter, Patrick S., Christian A. Braun, Mathias Kluwe, and Soren Hohmann. "Comparison of the Holomorphic Embedding Load Flow Method with Established Power Flow Algorithms and a New Hybrid Approach." In 2017 Ninth Annual IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/greentech.2017.36.

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