Journal articles on the topic 'Holocaust'
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1
Klävers, Steffen. "Postkoloniale Normalisierung: Anmerkungen zur Debatte um eine koloniale Qualität von Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust." Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialtheorie und Philosophie 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zksp-2018-0007.
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ZusammenfassungNeuere Forschungsansätze aus dem Bereich der vergleichenden Genozidforschung und der postkolonialen Studien postulieren, dass Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust eine koloniale Qualität aufwiesen. Von qualitativen Unterschieden zwischen kolonialer und nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft und Gewalt zu sprechen, wird mit wissenschaftlichem Eurozentrismus assoziiert. Die Vorstellung einer ‚Singularität’ des Holocausts wird abgelehnt. Die zentralen Annahmen solcher Ansätze werden im Artikel rekonstruiert, untersucht und mit Erkenntnissen der Holocaust- und Antisemitismusforschung kontrastiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Spezifik des modernen NS-Antisemitismus in komparativ-postkolonialen Analysen des Holocaust nicht adäquat aufgegriffen wird.
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Gutman, Sanford. "Garber, ed., Methodology in the academic teaching of the Holocaust. Maier, The unmasterable past - history, Holocaust, and German national identity." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 16, no. 2 (September 1, 1991): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.16.2.100-102.
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Although the two books under review both deal with the subject or the HolocaU5t, they are of a very different order. Methodology in Teaching the Holocaust is a collection of essays purporting to offer practical advice on teaching various aspects or the Holocaust. The Unmasterable Past focuses on the current historical conflict (Historikerstreit) in Germany over the place and memory or the Third Reich and the Holocaust within German history. Since the books are so different in their goals, I will treat them separately.
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Nazimek, Joanna. "Modele świadectwa: "prze-pisywanie literatury Holokaustu"." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 17 (October 12, 2018): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.17.23.
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Models of testimony: “re-writing the Holocaust literature”AbstractThe article is a critical discussion of Pawel Wolski’s treatise titled Tadeusz Borowski – PrimoLevi. Prze-pisywanie literatury Holocaustu (Warsaw 2013). It is setting out selected aspects oftraversing of the researcher from Szczecin by considering the status of testimony literature.Also there is an emphasis put on the phenomenon of profiling using forms of utterancesin Holocaust discourse. The article shows two distinct strategies (analyzed by Wolski) ofautomodeling of writers’ own utterances: “towards” (Tadeusz Borowski) and “accordingto” (Primo Levi) preferred model of testimony shaped under the influence of contemporarypublic debate.Keywords: Tadeusz Borowski, Primo Levi, testimonial literature, Holocaust discourse
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Ambrosewicz-Jacobs, Jolanta. "„…wobec rozmiarów Zagłady świat doświadczył ogromnej winy…”. Debaty wokół nauczania o Holokauście." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 38, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.38.2.2.
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„…THE WORLD FELT A HUGE GUILT OVER THE SCALE OF THE HOLOCAUST…”. DEBATES SURROUNDING THE TEACHING ABOUT THE HOLOCAUSTIn Europe a strong association with a sense of victimhood based on the memory of terror and murder in many cases creates conflicting approaches and generates obstacles to providing education about Jewish victims. Suppressed shame and tension together with conflicts related to insufficiently acknowledged victimhood of one’s own group intersect with political agreements on teaching about the Shoah such as the signing of the Stockholm Declaration and membership in the IHRA and other IGOs. The text presents selected challenges and the dynamics of education about the Holocaust and poses questions such as whether it is possible to identify clear concepts, strategies and good educational practices, whether there are links between education about the Holocaust, education against genocides and human rights education, and how education about the Holocaust relates to attitudes toward Jews? In many European countries disparities have grown between Holocaust research and education about the Holocaust. Empirical studies in the field of education reveal that there is a gap between research and education in some aspects of the way the Holocaust is presented, particularly with regard to the attitudes of local populations towards Jews during the Shoah. Nevertheless, the number of educational initiatives designed to teach and learn about the Shoah is steadily increasing.
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Russell, Nestar. "An Important Milgram-Holocaust Linkage: Formal Rationality." Canadian Journal of Sociology 42, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 261–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs28291.
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After Stanley Milgram published his first official Obedience to Authority baseline experiment, some scholars drew parallels between his findings and the Holocaust. These comparisons are now termed the Milgram-Holocaust linkage. However, because the Obedience studies have been shown to differ in many ways from the Holocaust’s finer historical details, more recent literature has challenged the linkage. In this article I argue that the Obedience studies and the Holocaust share two commonalities that are so significant that they may negate the importance others have attributed to the differences. These commonalities are (1) an end-goal of maximising “ordinary” people’s participation in harm infliction and (2) a reliance on Weberian formal rational techniques of discovery to achieve this end-goal. Using documents obtained from Milgram’s personal archive at Yale University, this article reveals the means-to-end learning processes Milgram utilised during his pilot studies in order to maximise ordinary people’s participation in harm-infliction in his official baseline experiment. This article then illustrates how certain Nazi innovators relied on the same techniques of discovery during the invention of the Holocaust, more specifically the so-called Holocaust by bullets. In effect, during both the Obedience studies and the Holocaust processes were developed that made, in each case, the undoable doable.
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Cohen, Joshua. "‘Somehow Getting Their Own Back on Hitler’: British Antifascism and the Holocaust, 1960–1967." Fascism 9, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2020): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-09010004.
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Abstract This article considers the extent to which the Holocaust galvanized British antifascism in the 1960s. It explores whether the genocide surfaced in Jewish antifascists’ motivations and rhetoric but goes beyond this to assess the Holocaust’s political capital in wider antifascism and anti-racism. The article considers whether political coalitions were negotiated around Holocaust memory, for example, by analysing whether Jewish antifascism intersected with the black and Asian communities of Smethwick and Southall respectively who were targeted by the far right in 1964. Using archival materials and newly-collected oral histories, the article surveys organisations including the Jewish Board of Deputies, the 62 Group, Yellow Star Movement and Searchlight newspaper. It will argue that the Holocaust played a more important role in 1960s’antifascism than has been recognised. Jewish groups fragmented around the lessons of the genocide for their antifascism. The Holocaust influenced race relations legislation and became a metonym for extreme racist violence.
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Lee, Kyoung-Jin. "Beyond the Prohibition of Images: The Representation of the Unrepresentable in the Film Son of Saul." Sookmyung Research Institute of Humanities 12 (October 31, 2022): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37123/th.2022.12.209.
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Direct representation of genocide has long been considered taboo in Holocaust cinema. In particular, the ‘image prohibition’ claimed by Claude Lanzmann, the director of Shoah, a milestone film in Holocaust film history, had a tremendous effect on artistic work concerning the Holocaust. However, Nemes László's film Son of Saul (2015) convincingly refutes the prevalent concerns about visual representation of Shoah. It manages to reconstruct the experience of a Sonderkommando member, a key witness of the Holocaust, by the careful arrangement of the camera's views, depth of field, and sound. To do this, the director takes seriously the issues regarding the Holocaust's unrepresentability, rather than ignoring or disputing them. If Shoah cannot be portrayed, it is because Shoah is a double annihilation in that it annihilated the Jews as well as the evidences of their annihilation. The film shows how the Nazi's destruction of representability can be placed in the order of representation at the level of not only film aesthetics but also narrative.
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Rothberg, Michael. "Lived multidirectionality: “Historikerstreit 2.0” and the politics of Holocaust memory." Memory Studies 15, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 1316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221133511.
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This essay assesses the acrimonious debates about Holocaust memory that took place in Germany in 2020–2021 and that have come to be known as Historikerstreit 2.0. These debates call up older controversies, especially the 1986 Historikerstreit (Historians’ Debate) in which Jürgen Habermas took on conservative historians who sought to relativize the Nazi genocide. The Historikerstreit concerned the relation between Nazi and Stalinist crimes and the question of German responsibility for the Holocaust; today’s controversies involve instead the relation between colonialism and the Holocaust and racism and antisemitism as well as the ongoing crisis in Israel/Palestine. As the current debates reveal, the dominant Holocaust memory regime in Germany is based on an absolutist understanding of the Holocaust’s uniqueness and a rejection of multidirectional approaches to the genocide. While that memory regime represented a major societal accomplishment of the 1980s and 1990s, it has reached its limits in Germany’s “postmigrant” present. Yet, as an example of migrant engagement with the Holocaust illustrates, German society already includes alternative practices of memory that could transform the German model of coming to terms with the past in productive ways.
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Teixeira, Maria Cláudia, and Raquel Baldissera. "Memorial do Holocausto." Revista Gatilho 19, no. 02 (December 31, 2020): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1808-9461.2020.v19.30172.
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O presente artigo apresenta a análise de quatro texto-imagens, parte do projeto artístico intitulado Yolocaust, referente ao Memorial aos Judeus Mortos da Europa ou Memorial do Holocausto (Holocaust-Mahnmal). As quatro materialidades tomadas como corpus são de autoria do artista Shahak Shapira, que ressignifica fotografias tiradas por turistas no Memorial do Holocausto e usadas em perfis das redes sociais. O objetivo é mostrar como se instauram efeitos de sentidos sobre a memória e o esquecimento. Para isso, tomamos como fundamentação teórica a Análise de Discurso de linha francesa do filósofo francês Michel Pêcheux e as implementações desenvolvidas pela brasileira Eni Orlandi. Os resutados obtidos mostram que ao ressignificar as imagens o sujeito artista materializa a memória do holocaust, dos campos de concentração, através da realização do projeto “Yolocaust”, produzindo um efeito de conscientização histórica ao produzir a materialização do atravessamento entre o intra e o interdiscurso.
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MINEAR, RICHARD H. "Atomic Holocaust, Nazi Holocaust:." Diplomatic History 19, no. 2 (March 1995): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00662.x.
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Díaz Bild, Aída. "“The zone of interest”: honouring the Holocaust victims." Journal of English Studies 16 (December 18, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.3423.
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Amis has always found the question of the Holocaust’s exceptionalism fascinating and returns to the subject in “The Zone of Interest”. After analysing how the enormity of the Holocaust conditions literary representation and Amis’s own approach to it, this article focuses on one of the main voices of the novel, Szmul, the leader of the Sonderkommando, whose members were Jewish prisoners forced to clean the gas chambers and dispose of the bodies. Through him we confront directly the horrors of the Holocaust. One of Amis’ greatest achievements is precisely that he humanizes and rehabilitates the figure of the Sonder by transforming Szmul into a comic hero who, in spite of the atrocities he witnesses, reaffirms the unconditional value of life and fights to give meaning to his terrible predicament. The novel is dedicated to the writer and Holocaust survivor Primo Levi, whose voice can be heard throughout the text.
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Downey, Michael. "Worship Between the Holocausts." Theology Today 43, no. 1 (April 1986): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057368604300108.
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“The two holocausts, one fact, the other possibility (or probability), bespeak the reality of powerless-ness, meaninglessness, and futurelessness. Here memory and anticipatory symbol converge. As symbols, the two holocausts are evocative of conversion to a God who is there in the midst of human powerlessness and meaninglessness… What form will liturgy take if memory and anticipatory symbol are taken seriously, so as to facilitate the conversion demanded by the crisis brought about by the two-fold holocaust?”
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Hausleitner, Mariana. "Rumänien und der Holocaust." osteuropa 69, no. 6-8 (2019): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2019-0033.
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Giergiel, Sabina, and Katarzyna Taczyńska. "“When Night Passes” and “When Day Breaks” – Between the Past and the Present. Borderlines of Holocaust in Filip David’s Works." Colloquia Humanistica, no. 6 (November 22, 2017): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2017.007.
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When Night Passes and When Day Breaks – Between the Past and the Present. Borderlines of Holocaust in Filip David’s WorksThe primary objective of the text is the analysis of Filip David's latest work. The Serbian writer is the author of the novel House of Memories and Oblivions (Kuća sećanja i zaborava, 2014), award for Best Novel of the Year by the NIN weekly (Nedeljne Informativne Novine). On the one hand, the output of this Serbian novelist is of interest to us as a continuation and representation of the contemporary discourse on the Holocaust in Serbia. On the other – we look at the literary realization of the Holocaust topic. The fortunes of the main characters in the novel (children who survived Holocaust) serve as the cases on which we present where the author draws the borderline of the ever-present Holocaust in their lives; how much and in what way the past affects their present; where the borderline of memory, forgetting and oblivion is. Kad padne noć i Kad svane dan - między przeszłością a teraźniejszością. Granice Holocaustu w twórczości Filipa DavidaPodstawowym celem tekstu jest analiza najnowszej tworczości Filipa Davida, autora nagrodzonej Nagrodą Tygodnika NIN („Nedeljne Informativne Novine") powieści Dom pamięci i zapomnienia (2014, Kuća sećanja i zabovrava). Z jednej strony twórczość serbskiego prozaika interesować nas będzie jako kontynuacja i reprezentacja współczesnego dyskursu na temat Holokaustu w Serbii. Z drugiej zaś – przyjrzymy się jego literackiej realizacji. Na przykładzie losów głównych bohaterów powieści (dzieci, które przeżyły Zagładę) pokażemy, gdzie przebiega rysowana przez autora granica istnienia Shoah w ich życiu. Na ile i w jaki sposób przeszłość wpływa na ich teraźniejszość, gdzie przebiega granica pamięci, niepamięci i zapomnienia oraz w jakim stopniu ich życie definiuje rozdzielenie rzeczywistości od fikcji.
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Silverman, Hirsch. "Holocaust." Journal of Genocide Research 1, no. 3 (November 1999): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623529908413975.
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Glatt, M. M., and AnthonyJ Pelosi. "FROM NAZI HOLOCAUST TO NUCLEAR HOLOCAUST." Lancet 328, no. 8507 (September 1986): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92457-8.
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SAUTER, C. "FROM NAZI HOLOCAUST TO NUCLEAR HOLOCAUST." Lancet 328, no. 8508 (September 1986): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90199-6.
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Żórawska-Janik, Natalia. "Homo Holocaustus, or Autobiographical Female Experience of the Holocaust." Tematy i Konteksty specjalny 1(2020) (2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.spec.eng.2020.15.
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The aim of this paper is to present the motif of the Shoah in female autobiographcial prose after the year 2000. The paper shows that, in recent years, more and more female authors in the second and third post-Holocaust generations have been recording their traumatic experience, and that the reason for it lies in the social stigmatization of Jewish people. It is stressed here that the issues of the Holocaust are part and parcel of a cultural taboo and – similarly to female written prose – they are frequently ignored or evaluated negatively. The Holocaust issues are tackled by contemporary young writers of Jewish descent who – contrary to the previous generation authors – have not experienced the mass murder of Jews; nevertheless, they feel its effects today. This paper proves that the research into trauma studies is not really conducted in Poland, and paying attention to a female viewpoint is very rare. The examples referred to in the paper of the autobiographical novels by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka and Magdalena Tulli demonstrate that this kind of writing is becoming more and more important within the literature focused on the Shoah. Compared to the autobiographical fiction by Marek Bieńczyk, Jan Tomasz Gross and Michał Głowiński, female Holocaust stories are distinguished by their authenticity, emotionality, intimacy and honesty of narration. The stories are devoid of any pathos, and they highlight the figure of a mother. Moreover, their confessions are based on the physical feeling of the legacy which has remained in their hearts and minds after the trauma that their loved ones had to experience. An attempt to describe prose post-Holocaust prose is made in comparison to Jewish literature in Poland, drawing the reader’s attention to the characteristic features of these issues compared to the autobiographical works by men.
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Motyl, Alexander J. "Why is the “KGB Bar” possible? Binary morality and its consequences." Nationalities Papers 38, no. 5 (September 2010): 671–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2010.498466.
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This article asks why a popular bar named after a criminal Soviet secret police organization has not provoked the outrage of the developed world's intellectual and artistic elites, who would surely condemn an SS Bar. It attributes this moral blindness to the Holocaust's centrality in Israeli, German, and American national discourse and the resultant binary morality that ascribes collective innocence to all Jews at all times and in all places and collective guilt to all Germans – and potentially to all non-Jews – at all times and in all places. The moral logic of the Holocaust thus transforms Jews into victims and non-Jews into victimizers; the moral logic and reality of the Gulag transform everybody into both victim and victimizer. The binary morality of the Holocaust insists that all human beings be heroes; the fuzzy morality of the Gulag recognizes that all humans are just humans constantly confronted by moral ambiguity. But because the Gulag's moral ambiguity concerns non-Jews and Jews, the Gulag undercuts binary morality. The Holocaust and the Gulag are not just incompatible moral tales; they are incompatible and intersecting moral tales. As a result, they cannot co-exist. We therefore fail to respond to the KGB Bar because to recognize the Gulag as a mass murder worthy of categorical moral condemnation would be to challenge the sacred status of the Holocaust. Ironically, the KGB Bar is possible precisely because an SS Bar is impossible.
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Grabiner, Esther. "People’s Houses in Eretz Yisrael and Israel and the Memory of the Holocaust." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 41, no. 3 (2023): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2023.a918857.
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Abstract: The People’s House is a building and institution born of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, offering a sociocultural alternative to both the church and the alehouse. In the first decades of the twentieth century, the People’s House became a model of progress for a better society. The activists of socialist Zionism, who aspired to forge a new Jewish person along sociocultural lines, saw the People’s House as a crucible for Jewish communities who came to Eretz Yisrael from different countries. Indeed, beginning in the early twentieth century, People’s Houses were built in all manner of Jewish settlements in Eretz Yisrael, as centers for both creating and promulgating a new Hebrew culture. This article uncovers the historical link between the memory of the Holocaust and the conception and building of People’s Houses in Eretz Yisrael and Israel, through a discussion of the houses’ building initiatives, funding, ideological dependencies, naming, programs, and architectural and functional aspects. The essay’s conclusions are that: (1) The living memory of the Holocaust, both personal and communal, was a driving force in the conception and building of People’s Houses; (2) The built, functioning result proclaimed the lessons of Holocaust memory, reflecting an inversion of the scars left by the trauma; (3) The People’s House, designed as a workshop and a crucible for new Hebrew culture, was seen as a Holocaust-proof space, immune from the Holocaust’s painful memories.
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Steir-Livny, Liat, and Maria V. Semykolennykh. "Holocaust Parody in Israeli Popular Culture." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v4i2.280.
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For many years, Israeli culture recoiled from dealing with the Holocaust from a humorous perspective. The perception was that a humorous approach to the Holocaust might threaten the sanctity of its memory, or evoke feelings of disrespect towards the subject, and hurt the survivors’ feelings. Official agents of Holocaust memory continue to use this approach, but from the 1990s a new unofficial path of memory began taking shape in tandem with it. It is an alternative and subversive path that seeks to remember – but differently. Texts that combine the Holocaust with parody of various characters related to Nazism and Israeli Holocaust commemoration are a major aspect of this new memory. This article analyzes examples of Holocaust parody in Hebrew. It shows that Holocaust parody in Israel is directed at the average Jewish-Israelis due to their intense Holocaust awareness; public figures, politicians and collective memory agents who manipulate Holocaust commemoration and Hitler’s image. The texts are analyzed through theories of collective trauma, humor and parody. Contrary to perceptions that Holocaust humor and parody disrespects the Holocaust and its survivors, this article maintains that Holocaust parody in Israel proves the great extent to which the Holocaust is a living part of the identity of the young generation and is also used as a tool to protest against the distortions in Holocaust commemoration.
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Surzyn, Jacek. "Holokaust jako ludobójstwo wyjątkowe." Narracje o Zagładzie, no. 6 (November 21, 2020): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2020.06.05.
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The article is dedicated to an analysis of the Holocaust uniqueness against the backdrop of other genocides. Most of all, the text follows the clues from Berel Lang, who interpretsthe Nazi Crime as a perfect genocide, that is, such a genocide that implemented its ideological assumptions fully for the first time in human history. What transpired then was in fact a comprehensive synthesis of “idea” and “actions.” Therefore, the relation between the Holocaust and other genocides turns out to be one-sided: the Holocaust is a genocide but no other genocide is the Holocaust. The category of genocide was, first of all, introduced into international circulation by a Polish lawyer of Jewish origin Rafał Lemkin during the final decade before the outbreak of World War Two. Genocide has become an almost universally acknowledged term, reinforced by the UN declaration of 1947. Mass crimes occurred in human history since the time immemorial. However, their character fundamentally changed with the advent of modernity, when powerful nation states within the framework of ideological postulates managed to give a new dimension to their politics, the one including actions meted out against entire communities: ethnic groups or nations. The Nazi crime of the Holocaust seems to be a unique exemplification of “modernity” (the term introduced in this sense by Zygmunt Bauman), that is, the combination of technicalisation and mass production with strong bureaucratic structure, which resulted in an unimaginable deed of murdering millions of Jews while utilising technical methods. The killing took a form of “production tasks,” which made the moral problems of responsibility and guilt appear in a different light. In the article an attempt is made to show implications stemming from the acceptance of the Holocaust’s uniqueness as “a perfect genocide,” both in its political and social as well as philosophical and moral dimensions.
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Kuhiwczak, P. "Review: Holocaust Fiction * Sue Vice: Holocaust Fiction." Cambridge Quarterly 30, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/30.2.169.
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Patterson, David (David A. ). "Holocaust Studies without the Holocaust: Review Essay." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 21, no. 4 (2003): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2003.0065.
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Burza, Mehak. "Shoah Education: The Indian Scenario." Volume 4 4, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33929/sherm.2022.vol4.no1.04.
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India represents a country that was neither directly affected nor involved with the Holocaust. As the timeline of the Holocaust overlaps the timeline of the struggle for freedom for the Indian subcontinent, the later events overshadow the former. Holocaust education is neither mandatory nor prevalent in India. Equating the partition of India with the Holocaust and tagging the Holocaust as one of the genocides, represents one of the few misconceptions about the Holocaust in India that often strips off the uniqueness of the catastrophic event. My article describes the present status of Holocaust education in schools and universities. The survey stems from the standard books used in Indian schools and my personal experience as an educator. The article not only articulates the need of creating awareness regarding the Holocaust in India but also traces a few examples, which illuminate the fact that India proved a haven for Jewish refugees during the Holocaust. The need of the hour is to recognize such connections, which would serve as the appropriate entry wedges to create awareness regarding Holocaust education in India.
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Kucia, Marek. "The Europeanization of Holocaust Memory and Eastern Europe." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 30, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415599195.
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Drawing upon developments in cultural and social memory studies and Europeanization theory, this article examines the Europeanization of Holocaust memory understood as the process of construction, institutionalization, and diffusion of beliefs regarding the Holocaust and norms and rules regarding Holocaust remembrance and education at a transnational, European level since the 1990s and their incorporation in the countries of post-communist Eastern Europe, which is also the area where the Holocaust largely took place. The article identifies the transnational agents of the Europeanization of Holocaust memory—the European Union’s parliament, the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and its Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, as well as the United Nations. It analyzes chronologically the key Holocaust-related activities and documents of these agents, highlighting East European countries’ varied and changing position towards them. It examines synchronically the outcome of the Europeanization of Holocaust memory by these transnational agents—a European memory of the Holocaust—identifying its key components, discussing the main aspects, and illustrating the impact of this process and outcome upon the memory of the Holocaust in the East European countries. The article argues that the Europeanization of Holocaust memory has significantly contributed to the development of Holocaust memory in Eastern Europe, although other agents and processes were also involved.
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Pacyniak, Jolanta. "Die Suche nach Erinnerungen: Gedächtniskonzepte in Eine Art Liebe von Katharina Hacker." Roczniki Humanistyczne 68, no. 5 (August 12, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh20685-3.
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W poszukiwaniu wspomnień: Koncepcje pamięci w Eine Art Liebe Kathariny HackerPowieść Kathariny Hacker Eine Art Liebe [Pewnego rodzaju miłość] jest analizowana w perspektywie postpamięci w ujęciu Marianne Hirsch. W interpretowanym utworze nie mamy wprawdzie do czynienia z tradycyjnymi stosunkami rodzinnymi, w których potomkowie muszą się uporać z traumami rodziców, lecz pewne techniki narracyjne odnoszą się do prób kolejnych pokoleń zmierzenia się z traumą Holocaustu. Główną bohaterką jest młoda Niemka, która w Izraelu poznaje Moshe Feina i próbuje spisać jego historię. Wsłuchując się w historię swojego żydowskiego przyjaciela, któremu udało się przeżyć Holocaust we francuskiej szkole z internatem, próbuje uwiarygodnić swoją narrację poprzez cytowanie zapisków Moshe Feina oraz opis jego pamiątek rodzinnych i fotografii.
Die Suche nach Erinnerungen: Gedächtniskonzepte in Eine Art Liebe von Katharina HackerDer Roman Katharina Hackers Eine Art Liebe wird vor dem Hintergrund der Postmemory von Marianne Hirsch analysiert. Im interpretierten Werk hat man zwar mit den traditionellen Familienverhältnissen, in denen die Nachkommen mit den Traumata der Eltern zurechtkommen müssen, nichts zu tun, aber manche narrativen Techniken beziehen sich auf die Versuche der kommenden Generationen, die Schrecken vom Holocaust neu beschreiben zu lassen. Die Protagonistin, eine junge Deutsche, lernt in Israel Moshe Fein kennen, und versucht seine Geschichte niederzuschreiben. Indem sie die Geschichte von dem Holocaust-Überlebenden rekonstruiert, beglaubigt sie ihre Narration durch Zitate von Moshe Fein und die Beschreibung seiner Erbstücke und Fotografien aus dem Familiennachlass.
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Vetö, Silvana. "Maus y la ética de la representación después del Holocausto Narrativas post-traumáticas, elaboración y post-memoria. / Maus and the Ethics of Representation After the Holocaust Post-traumatic narratives, elaboration and post-memory." Revista Liminales. Escritos sobre Psicología y Sociedad 1, no. 01 (April 1, 2012): 71–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.54255/lim.vol1.num01.217.
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En este trabajo se examinarán algunos de los problemas éticos que el Holocausto ha planteado a los medios de representación de la historia, para luego ligar las distintas narrativas que resultan de dichas representaciones, con las posibilidades de duelo y elaboración. Se abordarán primero los planteamientos de Theodor Adorno respecto de las posibilidades del arte frente al sufrimiento. Luego se expondrán algunos aspectos del debate surgido al final de la década del 70 a propósito de la representación del Holocausto en medios de comunicación de masa y en la “alta” cultura. Se mostrará como persiste en ese debate una perspectiva dicotómica respecto del trauma, de la cual surgen dos tipos de narrativas post-traumáticas supuestamente irreconciliables, que no permiten una adecuada elaboración y un duelo satisfactorio respecto de las pérdidas implicadas en el acontecimiento traumático. Finalmente, analizaremos en detalle la novela gráfica Maus. Relato de un superviviente, cuya narrativa experimental permite cuestionar y deconstruir la dicotomía redención/aporía de manera novedosa, planteando nuevos problemas vinculados a la memoria del Holocausto y a la posibilidades de duelo.
In this work, we will focus on some of the ethical problems that the Holocaust has posed to the representation of historical limit-events. We will then link the different narratives emerging from these representations to the possibilities of mourning and elaboration. First, we will examine the German philosopher Theodor Adorno’s propositions concerning the possibilities of art in the face of suffering. Then, we will present some aspects of the debate that arose in the late 70s regarding the representation of the Holocaust in mass media and in ‘high’ culture. It will be shown how in this debate there persists a dichotomist perspective of trauma, which creates two supposedly irreconcilable types of post-traumatic narratives that do not permit an appropriate elaboration and mourning of losses caused by the traumatic event. Finally, we will analyze the graphic novel Maus. A Survivor’s Tale, whose experimental and open narrative allows an original questioning and deconstruction of the redemption/aporia dichotomy, putting forward new problems related to the memory of the Holocaust and the possibilities of mourning.
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Vetö, Silvana. "Maus y la ética de la representación después del Holocausto Narrativas post-traumáticas, elaboración y post-memoria. / Maus and the Ethics of Representation After the Holocaust Post-traumatic narratives, elaboration and post-memory." Revista Liminales. Escritos sobre Psicología y Sociedad 1, no. 01 (April 1, 2012): 71–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.54255/lim.vol1.num01.217.
Full textAbstract:
En este trabajo se examinarán algunos de los problemas éticos que el Holocausto ha planteado a los medios de representación de la historia, para luego ligar las distintas narrativas que resultan de dichas representaciones, con las posibilidades de duelo y elaboración. Se abordarán primero los planteamientos de Theodor Adorno respecto de las posibilidades del arte frente al sufrimiento. Luego se expondrán algunos aspectos del debate surgido al final de la década del 70 a propósito de la representación del Holocausto en medios de comunicación de masa y en la “alta” cultura. Se mostrará como persiste en ese debate una perspectiva dicotómica respecto del trauma, de la cual surgen dos tipos de narrativas post-traumáticas supuestamente irreconciliables, que no permiten una adecuada elaboración y un duelo satisfactorio respecto de las pérdidas implicadas en el acontecimiento traumático. Finalmente, analizaremos en detalle la novela gráfica Maus. Relato de un superviviente, cuya narrativa experimental permite cuestionar y deconstruir la dicotomía redención/aporía de manera novedosa, planteando nuevos problemas vinculados a la memoria del Holocausto y a la posibilidades de duelo.
In this work, we will focus on some of the ethical problems that the Holocaust has posed to the representation of historical limit-events. We will then link the different narratives emerging from these representations to the possibilities of mourning and elaboration. First, we will examine the German philosopher Theodor Adorno’s propositions concerning the possibilities of art in the face of suffering. Then, we will present some aspects of the debate that arose in the late 70s regarding the representation of the Holocaust in mass media and in ‘high’ culture. It will be shown how in this debate there persists a dichotomist perspective of trauma, which creates two supposedly irreconcilable types of post-traumatic narratives that do not permit an appropriate elaboration and mourning of losses caused by the traumatic event. Finally, we will analyze the graphic novel Maus. A Survivor’s Tale, whose experimental and open narrative allows an original questioning and deconstruction of the redemption/aporia dichotomy, putting forward new problems related to the memory of the Holocaust and the possibilities of mourning.
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Mork, Ewa. "Omówienia najnowszej literatury na temat Zagłady Żydów: Skandynavia." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.259.
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Holocaust nie jest obiektem szczególnego zainteresowania norweskich historyków. Dzięki otwarciu nowego Centrum badania nad Holocaustem, temat stał się jednak aktualny w mediach i dyskusji publicznej. Na publikacje Centrum trzeba jeszcze poczekać, wzmożone zainteresowanie już przynosi jednak rezultaty. Po pierwsze wznowiono wiele publikacji wspomnieniowych. Temat Zagłady żydowskiej mniejszości w Norwegii i losów europejskich Żydów podejmują też studenci historii na wszystkich uniwersytetach.
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Mevorah, Vera, Predrag Krstic, and Marija Velinov. "Holocaust industry? The (American) debate on the instrumentalization of the Shoah at the turn of the century." Sociologija, no. 00 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc220622009m.
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In three books published at the turn of the millennium, the authors talk about the phenomenon of the pronounced presence and significance of the Holocaust in American society: Hilene Flanzbaum?s Americanization of the Holocaust (1999), Peter Novick?s Holocaust in American Life (1999) and Norman Finkelstein?s The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering (2000). These works describe (and criticize) the post-Holocaust memorial world which is characterized by the commodification, commercialization and instrumentalization of the culture of remembrance. Even though each of these authors invoked/understood the term differently, the effect of their works was the introduction of the term ?Holocaust industry? into the public discourse. Today, it has has become an umbrella metaphor for a whole range of practices that represent the instrumentalization, commercialization and commodification of Holocaust remembrance. The paper deals with the process of (political-economic) instrumentalization of the Holocaust, its normalization, naturalization, normativization and mechanization - in Western societies - and criticism of that process. The aim of the paper is to shed light on what is meant by the Holocaust industry and to open space for further reflection and problematization of the Holocaust discourse in the light of the warning that its current commodification and industrialization sends us.
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Lazar, Alon, and Tal Litvak Hirsch. "Holocaust Cinema as Depicted by Film Advisory Boards in Five English Speaking Countries." CINEJ Cinema Journal 6, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2017.171.
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Holocaust cinema is important constituent in conveying the events of the Holocaust and its aftermath within present day culture. Recommendations by film advisory boards can encourage or deject exposure to Holocaust cinema. Age-classifications and their justifications of Holocaust movies produced between 1993 and 2015, by film advisory boards in five English speaking countries, were investigated. Differences in age classifications, and similarity in depicting Holocaust movies as mainly heavy with violence, sex, profanity and mature contents, were noted. In order to capture more fully the complexities marking Holocaust cinema, expansion of the vocabulary used by these boards is needed.
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Sharpylo, M. "Commemoration as a form of representation of the Holocaust in the cultural space of Ukraine in the XXI century." Culture of Ukraine, no. 82 (December 13, 2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5325.082.02.
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The relevance of the article. Commemoration1 of the Holocaust2 is a practice that is the quintessence of the memory of the Jewish past and a promising approach for comprehension of collective experience. Successful realization of forms of remembrance is actively implemented in the main historical centers associated with Jewish history: Poland, Hungary, Germany, and others. It is there that commemorative practices have become an integral part of the multicultural dimension. For a long time, the national focus of Holocaust remembrance was regulated by political mechanisms post-Soviet space, depriving society of the opportunity to expand the functionality of commemoration. This influenced the presentation of the perpetuation of the tragedy and the formation of self-identity among Ukrainian Jews.
The purpose of the research. The article presents an examination of individual examples of modern Holocaust commemorative practices and their impact on the cultural space of Ukraine. The dynamics of urban, visual and memorial aspects of commemoration are identified and analyzed, and their specifics are outlined.
The methodology is based on the use of the following methods: historical and cultural methods, which were used to characterize the peculiarities of Jewish cultural memory within the framework of the Holocaust representation; sociological method of visual analysis, which was used to study the specifics of commemoration practices using examples of commemoration; structural and semiotic methods, which were used to determine the relationship between individual and collective reflection within the memorial space, and to outline the specific symbolism of the tragedy. It is determined that the rethinking of the tragedy of the Jewish people is the result of rethinking the Holocaust in society. This became possible due to the intensification of research into the meaning of the tragedy.
The results. It is proven that by reconstructing the image of the past in the sociocultural dimension, it becomes possible to deprive the Jews of local perception and focus on building intercultural communication through the prism of a positive trend in preserving and restoring memory.
The scientific novelty of the research. Іs presented in the analysis of examples of Holocaust commemoration in Ukraine and the identification of the constituent elements of the cultural space of remembrance.
The practical significance. The prospect of a further vector of research is the practical implementation of the theoretical material for creating projects dedicated to the tragedy and Jewry in the national territory.
Conclusions. Having carried out a cultural analysis of illustrative examples of Holocaust remembrance, we can draw the following conclusions. Firstly, in the course of the study, we determined that the urban perspective of the Holocaust commemoration, together with the elaboration of the trauma of witnesses, aims to create a tendency to perceive the «other». We believe that this is a mentally necessary strategy for Ukrainian realities. Secondly, we have generalized that commemoration focuses on creating an individual experience of perceiving the tragedy of the Holocaust, making it unique. We argue that a complex conglomerate of feelings, which concentrate visual forms, will allow everyone to find their place in this event, discover its leitmotifs, and construct the context of the future with a clear understanding of the cyclical nature of history. Thirdly, memorial commemoration is the most accessible for reflection. However, the places of memory executions are not without variability in interpretation and are an example of a primary source that makes it possible to study of the Holocaust.
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Brackney, Kathryn L. "Remembering the Holocaust in the Anthropocene." Environment, Space, Place 15, no. 2 (2023): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/spc.2023.a910012.
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Abstract: This paper explores how the "environmental turn" for the last 25 years has been shaping remembrance of the destruction of Europe's Jewish populations. I argue that climate change is not just one more catastrophe to pass into the broad analogical field of the Holocaust. In fact, international Holocaust consciousness and understandings of what we now call the Anthropocene have long been intertwined and mutually constitutive. The paper starts in the 1990s with acclaimed writers Anne Michaels and W.G. Sebald, who sought to recast the Holocaust's significance to modernity against a long backdrop of geologic time. Their memorial fiction, which grounds the history of the Holocaust in the eroding landscapes of Europe, reflects a growing and urgent global concern for the vulnerability of the environment and a sense of man's responsibility for preserving human and biological life. The paper then moves through more contemporary examples of the sublimation of Holocaust memory in discourse about global warming—evident in terms like "climate change denial" and calls to "bear witness" to mass extinction events. For better or worse, journalists and scholars who write about environmental activism frequently call on memory of World War II and genocide in order to redefine what constitutes "grievable life." Example authors include historian Timothy Snyder, who has predicted that climate change may lead to new genocidal wars over Lebensraum ; scientist James Lovelock, who has urged nation states to consider how to limit the coming influx of climate refugees; theorist Bruno Latour, who has argued, via Nazi philosopher Carl Schmitt, that we must "name our enemies" in the new climate wars; and essayist Ari Brostoff who has attempted to think climate catastrophe through Walter Benjamin's meditations on the angel of history. The implicit question in all of their work is this: What histories and philosophical traditions can help us redefine humanity's entangled relationship to nature in order to take political responsibility for saving life on Earth? In other words, the Anthropocene requires "a usable past"—but what will that usable past be?
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Kolář, Stanislav. "Everybody’s Holocaust? Tova Reich’s Satirical Approach to Shoah Business and the Cult of Victimhood." Genealogy 3, no. 4 (September 27, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3040051.
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This paper sets out to demonstrate the changes that post-Holocaust fiction has been undergoing since around the turn of the new millennium. It analyzes the highly innovative and often provocative approaches to the Holocaust and its memory found in Tova Reich’s novel My Holocaust—a scathing satire on the personal and institutional exploitation of Holocaust commemoration, manifested in the commodification of the historical trauma in what has been termed “Shoah business”. The novel can be seen as a reaction to the increasing appropriation of the Holocaust by popular culture. This paper focuses on Reich’s critical response to the cult of victimhood and the unhealthy competition for Holocaust primacy, corresponding with the growth of a “victim culture”. It also explores other thematic aspects of the author’s satire—the abuse of the term “Holocaust” for personal, political and ideological purposes; attempts to capitalize on the suffering of millions of victims; the trivialization of this tragedy; conflicts between particularists and universalists in their attitude to the Shoah; and criticism of Holocaust-centered Judaism. The purpose of this paper is to show how Tova Reich has enriched post-Holocaust fiction by presenting a comic treatment of false victimary discourse, embodied by a fraudulent survivor and a whole gallery of inauthentic characters. This paper highlights the novel’s originality, which enables it to step outside the frame of traditional Holocaust fiction.
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Bourguignon, Erika, Walter Laqueur, Mark J. Harris, Deborah Oppenheimer, Deborah Oppenheimer, Mark J. Harris, Jacqueline Vansant, W. G. Sebald, and Anthea Bell. "Holocaust Survivors." Antioch Review 60, no. 4 (2002): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614412.
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Benchouiha, Lucie, and Efraim Sicher. "Holocaust Novelists." Modern Language Review 101, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20466806.
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Rowland, Antony, and Robert Eaglestone. "Holocaust Poetry." Critical Survey 20, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2008.200201.
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Gingerich, Mark P., and Jack R. Fischel. "The Holocaust." German Studies Review 23, no. 2 (May 2000): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432702.
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Klaff. "Holocaust Inversion." Israel Studies 24, no. 2 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.24.2.07.
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Limmer, B. L. "Follicular Holocaust." International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery 8, no. 5 (September 1998): 11.1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33589/8.5.11a.
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Meisels, Vera. "Holocaust Day." Arquivo Maaravi: Revista Digital de Estudos Judaicos da UFMG 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2007): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1982-3053.1.1.227.
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Frajlich, Anna. "“Unprocessed” Holocaust." Tematy i Konteksty 13, no. 8 (2018): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.2018.3.
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Fischer, Thomas. "Holocaust – „Relativieren“." Journal der Juristischen Zeitgeschichte 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjzg-2022-0029.
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Magnus, Bernd. "Holocaust Child." Philosophy Today 41, no. 9999 (1997): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday199741supplement57.
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Libowitz, Richard. "HOLOCAUST STUDIES." Modern Judaism 10, no. 3 (1990): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/10.3.271.
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Roth, John K. "Holocaust Questions." Social Philosophy Today 7 (1992): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday199279.
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Yin, Christina. "Holocaust Borneo." Southeast Asian Review of English 57, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol57no1.10.
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Goldberg, Martin. "Holocaust Autobiography." Reference Librarian 29, no. 61-62 (April 21, 1998): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j120v29n61_16.
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Leon, Gloria R. "Holocaust Survivors." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 9 (September 1990): 861–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/029022.
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