Academic literature on the topic 'Hollow forging'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hollow forging"
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Tomczak, J., Z. Pater, and T. Bulzak. "Forming of Hollow Shaft Forging From Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V by Means of Rotary Compression." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0069.
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Abstract This paper presents chosen results of theoretical-experimental works concerning forming of hollow shafts forgings from titanium alloys, which are applied in aviation industry. At the first stage of conducted analysis, the forging forming process was modeled by means of finite element method. Calculations were made using software Simufact Forming. On the basis of performed simulations optimal parameters of rotary compression process were determined. Next, experimental tests of forging forming in laboratory conditions were made. For the research needs, a forging aggregate, designed by the Authors, was used. Conducted research works confirmed the possibility of metal forming (by means of rotary compression) of hollow shafts from hard workable titanium alloys. Numerous advantages of rotary compression process, make it attractive both for low series production (aircraft industry) and for mass production (automotive industry).
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Liu, Gui Hua, Zhi Ping Zhong, Yi Bian, and Qian Li. "Numerical Simulation on Precision Forging Process for Spur-Gear with Large Module." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.927.
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The whole precision forging process of spur-gear with large module (module: 4) including warm forging, cold extrusion and cold sizing is analyzed. By using finite element method, cold sizing step of spur-gear basing on hollow-divided-flow method is simulated, the influenc of hollow diameter on the forging force and material flow is discussed in detail. Futher research shows that appropriate different tooth reduction is benefit to forming tooth profile without mechaning after forging. According to the research, to form such spur gear with module 4 and breadth 59mm studied in this paper, the hollow diameter should be 18mm and the tooth reduction should be 1.2mm. The necessary reference and basis to realize practical precision forging process of spur gear with large module is provided eventually.
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Liu, Min, and Qing Xian Ma. "Modeling and Numerical Simulation Research on Hollow Steel Ingot Forging Process of Heavy Cylinder Forging." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.627.
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Aiming at the disadvantages of low utilization ratio of steel ingot, uneven microstructure properties and long production period in the solid steel ingot forging process of heavy cylinder forgings such as reactor pressure vessel, a new shortened process using hollow steel ingot was proposed. By means of modeling of lead sample and DEFORM-3D numerical simulation, the deformation law and grain refinement behavior for 162 ton hollow steel ingot upsetting at different reduction ratios, pressing speeds and friction factors were investigated, and the formation rule of inner-wall defects in upsetting of hollow steel ingots with different shape factors was further analyzed. Simulation results show that the severest deformation occurs in the shear zone of meridian plane in the upsetting process of hollow steel ingot, and the average grain size in the shear zone is the smallest. As pressing speed increases, the forming load gradually increases and the deformation uniformity gets worse, while the average grain size decreases. An increase in friction factor can increase the peak value of effective strain, but it significantly reduces the deformation uniformity, increases the forming load and goes against grain refinement. Moreover, the four kinds of defects on the inner wall of steel ingot can be eliminated effectively by referring to the plotted defect control curve for hollow steel ingot during high temperature upsetting.
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Liu, Hua Min, Lei Wang, and Ming Hua Jin. "Research on Roll-Forging Process Simulation for Thick-Walled Hollow Part." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1891.
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Based on the rigid-plastic FEM program DEFORM-3D, the forming process of roll-forging for the thick-walled hollow parts has been simulated. The effect reduction on elongation and width-extension has been presented, and the difference between hollow part and solid part has been investigated in elongation and width-extension. This project can provide a reference for guiding the actual roll-forging for thick-walled hollow part.
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Yang, Tung Sheng, and Yuan Chuan Hsu. "A Finite Element Analysis for the Forging Process of Hollow Spur Gear." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.733.
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The process of precision gear forging has been developed recently because of its advantages of giving high production rates, improved strength and surface finish. For complete filling up, predicting the power requirement is an important feature of the forging process. To analyze the process of incremental forging of hollow spur gear forms from initially ring-type specimens, a series of simulations using the program DEFORM-3D was carried out. The results of current simulation were compared with the experimental data those obtained by forging of hollow spur gear forms. In addition, the influences of the process parameters such as module, number of teeth, the ratio of the inner radius to the outer radius, friction factor and the height of the billet on the forging force is also examined.
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Samołyk, Grzegorz. "Orbital Forging of a Ti6Al4V Alloy Jaw Coupling Sleeve." Key Engineering Materials 622-623 (September 2014): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.622-623.1228.
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The paper presents selected results of a numerical investigation of the orbital forging process for producing a hollow part. This part is a jaw coupling sleeve made of titanium alloy, widely used in the agricultural industry. The FEM simulation was performed based on the following assumptions: (i) the orbital forging process is conducted under hot conditions using an industrial press of MCOF type and (ii) the final part is formed from a special hollow preform. The preform shape was selected such to ensure optimal conditions of the orbital forging process. The aim of the investigation was to identify phenomena which occur during the orbital forging process. The results obtained are thoroughly examined and described.
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Zen, Sumin. "Research on a new forging technique—Short-hollow-rapid die forging." Journal of Central South University of Technology 4, no. 1 (March 1997): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-997-0029-9.
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Müller, Karsten, Malte Stonis, Michael Lücke, and Bernd Arno Behrens. "Hydroforging of Thick-Walled Hollow Aluminum Profiles." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.181.
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Lightweight design of cars is one way to reduce fuel consumption and increase the range of cars. This is an important factor to attain the EU limit values for CO2 emissions for vehicles and so to escape penalties for exceeding these limits as of the year 2012. The increasing uses of high-strength steels or of lightweight structures are adequate means to reducing weight. At IPH – Institut für Integrierte Produktion Hannover gGmbH a method to produce hollow profiles made of aluminum was developed. The method combines flashless forging and tube hydroforming. This is called hydroforging. With this method it is possible to produce thick-walled hollow aluminum profiles with undercuts without complex tool kinematics. The forging is supported by an active medium. A tool concept has been developed that uses the drives of a hydraulic press with die cushion. With this tool various component geometries were produced and analysed. To produce the tools interior pressure and the forming pressure liquid tin as incompressible active medium was used. The forming is initiated by an upsetting of the aluminum profiles and supported by the active medium, so that the profile is pushed against the engraving of the dies. The process was designed based on simulations and verified by practical experiments. This paper describes the development of the forging process with active medium and the discussion of the forging experiment results.
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Tuncer, C., and T. A. Dean. "Precision forging hollow parts in novel dies." Journal of Mechanical Working Technology 16, no. 1 (February 1988): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3804(88)90138-6.
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Chen, Dyi-Cheng, and Jheng-Guang Lin. "STUDY OF HOLLOW STEMMED HIP BONE FORMING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 4 (November 2017): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1037.
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This study investigated hollow stemmed hip forging for enhancing the biocompatibility of Ti-6AL-4V titanium alloys. Instead of using the expensive titanium billet, this study applied DEFORMTM 3D finite element analysis software to simulate and analyze stem forming with respect to different die temperatures, friction factors, punch types, forging velocities, and billet temperatures. On the basis of its shape, a punch can be classified as flat head, ladder shaped, spherical, and conical. These differences affect the effective stress and punch load after stem formation. The experiment parameters were determined using the Taguchi L16 (45) orthogonal table. Both the simulated and experimental results indicated that the error for the size of the bone stem was less than 2%.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hollow forging"
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Tuncer, Munir Cihangir. "Precision forging hollow parts." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558075.
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Moravec, Zdeněk. "Výroba těla granátu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445161.
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The diploma thesis deals with the technology of production of the body of an artillery shell caliber 155 mm from C60 steel. The part is manufactured in series of 100,000 pieces. Based on a literature study and materials, a technological procedure of drop forging was designed, taking into account the specific shape of the forging. The volume of the starting blank and the forming force were determined. A suitable forming machine was selected based on the magnitude of the forming force. The design of tools for punching operations and reduction diameters of sets of rollers for forging stretching was also performed. In the technical and economic evaluation, the material costs for the production of the entire series were quantified.
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Marques, Angela Selau. "Estudo do forjamento de peças vazadas a partir de geratriz tubular." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98145.
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Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo teórico-experimental do processo de forjamento a quente em matriz fechada de peças tubulares, denominadas comercialmente por flanges. O material utilizado para fabricação das peças é a liga de alumínio AA 6351. Normalmente, tais peças são forjadas a partir de billets maciços e os furos centrais são, posteriormente, usinados. Desta forma, este trabalho visa o estudo do uso de billets vazados em substituição aos maciços minimizando a perda de material e força necessária para o forjamento que podem ser relativamente significativos dependendo do peso, geometria da peça, e tamanho do lote produzido. O processo de forjamento foi planejado e executado com auxilio de softwares, onde o projeto do ferramental foi realizado em programa de CAD 3D da empresa SolidWorks, e a simulação numérica computacional, aplicada para predizer o comportamento do material no final do forjamento, no programa Simufact. Forming 11.0. Foram analisados, por simulação numérica computacional, dados como a estimativa da força necessária para forjar a peça em estudo, preenchimento da matriz, escoamento do material e as deformações finais. Utilizam-se cálculos analíticos, baseados na Teoria Elementar da Plasticidade (TEP), para estimar a força necessária para o forjamento. Os resultados obtidos experimentalmente validam a utilização de métodos numéricos e analíticos para desenvolvimento de processos de forjamento. Os resultados de força obtidos utilizando o modelo matemático da Teoria Elementar da Plasticidade (TEP) foram os que mais se distanciaram da força real necessária para o forjamento, no caso do billet maciço foi de 2706 kN, enquanto que a força utilizada no experimento foi de 3432 kN e com a utilização do billet vazado a força calculada pela TEP foi de 2579 kN e a real foi de 2451 kN. Já a simulação indica valores necessários de 2432 kN para o billet vazado e 2814 kN para o billet maciço. Conclui-se, então, que com a utilização de billets vazados a força para o forjamento e o material utilizado são inferiores, assim, comprovando sua vantagem em relação ao processo de fabricação convencional.In this paper is done a theoretical-experimental study of the hot forging process in closed die of tubular components, commercially known as flanges. The material used for the manufacture process of the pieces is AA6351. These pieces are usually forged from massive billets and the central holes are subsequently machined. In this way, this paper aims the use of hollow billets instead of the massive ones, minimizing the loss of material and strength used in forging that can be relatively significant depending on the weight, geometry of the piece and size of the batch produced. The forging process was planned and done with the help of software where the tooling project is performed in CAD 3D from Solidworks, and the computer numerical simulation applied to predict the material behavior at the final of the forging process in Simufact Forming 11.0. Data as strength, die filling, material draining and final deformation are analyzed by computer numerical simulation. Analytical calculation, based on the Plasticity Elementary Theory (TEP), are performed in order to estimate the necessary strength for the forging process. The results, experimentally obtained, validate the use of numerical and analytical methods in forging process development. The strength results obtained using the mathematical model of Plasticity Elementary Theory, were the farthest from the real required strength used in forging. As with the massive billet, the strength was 2706 kN while the strength used in the experiment was 3432 kN and using de hollow billet the estimated strength calculated by the TEP was 2579 kN while the real one was 2451 kN. Yet, the simulation indicates required values of 2432 kN for the hollow billet and 2814 kN for the massive billet. We can therefore conclude that when using hollow billets the strength required in forging and the used material are inferior, thus proving its advantage in relation to the conventional manufacture process.
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Colombo, Tiago Cristofer Aguzzoli. "Análise numérica do forjamento em matriz aberta para a produção de eixos vazados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76150.
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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido como parte das atividades relacionadas ao projeto de cooperação internacional Brasil-Alemanha intitulado "Bulk metal formed parts for power plants" pertencente ao BRAGECRIM (Iniciativa Brasil-Alemanha para Pesquisa Colaborativa em Tecnologia de Manufatura), realizado em parceria entre o Laboratório de Transformação Mecânica (LdTM) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e o Instituto de Conformação Mecânica (IBF) da Universidade Técnica de Aachen (RWTH), Alemanha. Este projeto visa o desenvolvimento do processo de forjamento a quente em matriz aberta para a produção de um eixo vazado para aplicação em aerogeradores de energia, em substituição à eixos maciços usualmente obtidos por fundição, visando aumento de desempenho mecânico e redução de peso da estrutura. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar, por meio de simulação numérica computacional empregando o método de elementos finitos, diferentes parâmetros de forjamento, de modo a indicar a configuração operacional que se mostra mais adequada para a produção de um eixo vazado para a aplicação pretendida. Para isto, foram realizados cinco experimentos numéricos, avaliando a influência de parâmetros de forjamento na qualidade do produto forjado. Alguns parâmetros analisados foram: a sequência operacional de forjamento, geometrias e combinações de matrizes utilizadas industrialmente, razão de mordida, etc. Para as simulações termomecânicas foi utilizado o software de Elementos Finitos PEP/Larstran acoplado ao módulo de simulação de microestrutura Strucsim. O material utilizado nas simulações foi o aço DIN 42CrMo4 (AISI 4140). Os resultados mostraram que, dentre as diferentes combinações e geometrias de matrizes analisadas, o emprego de um par de matrizes côncavas, aplicando a sequência operacional-A analisada, tende a propiciar um produto de mais alta qualidade, promovendo maior uniformidade de deformação e microestrutura mais homogênea. Também, a razão de mordida influencia diretamente na qualidade do produto, sendo que uma razão de mordida na ordem de 0,6 induz graus de deformação maiores e mais profundos na peça forjada, ao mesmo tempo em que exige maiores cargas de conformação. Comparativos entre resultados da simulação e resultados experimentais de ensaios de compressão a quente de corpos de prova cilíndricos foram realizados para validação do software de simulação numérica. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o software de simulação numérica pode prever com boa aproximação o fluxo de material e a evolução microestrutural durante o forjamento a quente do aço DIN 42CrMo4.This work was developed as a part of the activities related to the international cooperation project between Brazil and Germany titled "Bulk formed metal parts for power plants" belonging to BRAGECRIM (Brazil-Germany Initiative for Collaborative Research in Manufacturing Technology). This project is in partnership between the Metal Forming Laboratory (LdTM) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), from Technical University of Aachen (RWTH), Germany. The project aims the development of an open die forging process to produce a hollow shaft for application in wind turbines, replacing the solid shafts usually obtained by casting, in order to increase the mechanical performance and providing weight reduction to wind turbines. The present work aimed to analyze different forging parameters, using Finite Element Method, in order to indicate most suitable forging configuration to the production of a hollow shaft. Five numerical experiments were performed, evaluating the influence of various forging parameters on the quality of the forged product, such as the forging sequence, tool geometries and tool combinations and bite ratio. For thermomechanical simulations the Finite Element software PEP/Larstran was used, coupled to the microstructure simulation module Strucsim. The material used for the numerical simulations was the DIN 42CrMo4 steel (AISI 4140). The results showed that, among the different parameters analyzed, the use of concave dies, applying the operational sequence-A, tends to provide a forged with higher quality, promoting uniform strain distribution and homogeneous microstructure. Also, results showed that a bite ratio around 0,6 provides higher and deeper strain degrees, but requires higher forming loads. Hot compression tests using cylindrical specimens were performed to validate the numerical simulation software, including microstructure evolution. Comparison between simulation and experimental results showed that the numerical simulation software can predict with good approximation the material flow and microstructure evolution during hot forging for DIN 42CrMo4 steel.
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Shih, Hsu-Tai, and 施旭泰. "A Study on the Parameters for the Cold Forging Process with the Hollow Blank." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01275424618667568810.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程研究所
100
Due to the fact of the global competition and the ECFA impact, Taiwan''s manufacturing industry is very rival in the efficiency and cost benefit for the new product development. It is the most important to improve the efficiency in the production management and shorten the cycle in the R&D stage for the purpose of the advantage in the pre-market competition. In recent years, the industry generally applied the simulation analysis of finite element method for the forging process to obtain the information between the mold and the forging. As many of the parameters and simulation cycles, the simulations prolong the R&D stage and the products lag behind in the market rival. In this study, we discussed the leading process parameters with the professional engineers by the application of Taguchi method and then selected the orthogonal array and the levels for the minimal simulation times and the best of the combination of parameters. Applying the result into the DEFORM-3D simulation to explore the feasibility to cut down the times and duration for the simulation period. Simulation results show that upper punch dies, location of the main areas of high stress break location consistent with the experimental die. Corrects upper punch break position Radius and the angle, the maximum stress value was revised by the 1720MPa to 1480Mpa, to solve the break of the upper punch position. The experiment results are available for the precision cold forging R&D and production management in the forging industry.
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PENG, YAO-TING, and 彭耀廷. "The Study on the Application of Cold Forging Process for The Hollow Drive Shaft Parts of Locomotives." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4khp73.
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碩士國立高雄科技大學
機械與自動化工程系
107
The lightweight and precision of locomotive parts has been the development direction of the manufacture of locomotive parts in recent years. The former can reduce energy consumption and meet current environmental claims, while the latter can reduce production costs. Under this demand, in recent years, the manufacture of locomotive drive shafts has been innovated by the hollow cold forging precision forging process. In the past, such shaft-shaped products were forged by the traditional hot burr forging, the material was transversely forged, and the burrs were removed, and then mechanically processed. Due to the lightweight consideration, the middle hole was processed by deep hole drilling. Therefore, the traditional hot forging process, due to the burr design, the material utilization rate is low, about 65%; the forging is rough, the machining volume is large; in addition, the medium hole processing cost is high, and the deeper the hole depth, the processing cost increases. In this study, SCM420H low-alloy steel was selected as the material, and the material was spheroidally annealed to below 78HRB. The feasibility of the five-station mold design was analyzed using DEFORM simulation software, and the mold design of the shaping process and the extrusion hole punch was discussed. And the overall mold design. According to the simulation results, the mold parts are designed and the forging experiment is carried out. The discussion focuses on whether the quality of the mesoporous section and the depth of the mesopores and the fifth pass shaping process can be achieved. When the medium hole forgings are extruded through experiments, materials can be found. The difference in the influence of the annealing process on the mesoporous cross section. When the fourth and fifth processes are to be carried out later, the depth of the punch is deeper due to the deeper the length of the punch. Therefore, from the integrated punch to the vertical inner punch and the outer punch base, the size of the forged piece can be entered into the tolerance and stabilized, and the mold operates smoothly, which proves that the forging process is feasible. This study successfully established The Study on Development of the Application Cold Hollow Forging Process, with the first pass 1.67, the second pass 3.4, the third pass 5.17, the fourth pass 6.9 aspect ratio punch, and the use of materials. The rate saves 16% of the material, and successfully squeezes the hole and material length at the same time, so that each workpiece has less processing cost of deep hole drilling of more than 100 yuan and processing time can save 100 seconds, for production efficiency and cost.
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顏敏丞. "The Study on the Mechanical Properties and Dimension Accuracy of the Multistage Forging Processes of Hollow Flange." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55755291482074889918.
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碩士建國科技大學
機械工程系暨製造科技研究所
101
The forging process is a very complex issue. With the advances in computer simulation technology, many researches have been using computer simulation software to improve the forging process. This article applies Simufact software to simulate multistage forging processes of hollow flange. We propose appropriate mold design to improve the quality of the finished product. There are seven stages in the forging process of this paper. After the computer simulation, defects were found in the fourth stage. Because the shortage situation is found in the last stage, we must add enough volume to the workpiece. After re-simulation, it has a good improvement. In this case, a flat-shaped defect with 25mm in length and 1.2mm in thickness exists near the leading edge of the the punch of the third stage. To reduce this defect, we design a chamfer (of 0.5mm or 1mm) at the leading edge of the punch. And 0.5mm chamfered punch is found effective in reducing the thickness and length of defects. Then, we design a draft angle (of 0.5°,1° or 1.5°) on the punch. And the draft angle of 1° is found effective in reducing the length of defects. According to the discussion in this paper, the forging defects of flat shape can be reduced by appropriate chamfer and draft angle of the punch. But we have to study more real cases on the forging process in order to predict the the optimum value of the chamfer and the draft angle.
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Chuang, Ma, and 馬莊. "Study on the Friction Coefficient Occurred During Inverse Calculating the Protruding Formation Processing of the the Forging and Hollow Round Tube." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21393533922879775730.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
91
Abstract During the processing of forging formation, the friction of the contact face arising between forging tool and molding has always been a topic for discussion. This study puts focus on how to decide the change of friction coefficient during the processing of forging formation. It mainly applies the Project Report of National Science Council [31]: “the inverse model of the study by using matrix to indicate the inverse metallic heat elastic deformed finite element model of the linear square root difference.” The loading history acquired from forging experiment is used as a base, so as to inverse calculate the change of the friction coefficient on the contact face between material and molding, and by means of this inverse calculative structure, investigation is further proceeded towards the hollow material of various geometrical sizes and solid protruding forging. The simulative shapes obtained by two friction coefficient values, that is, one by means of fixed friction coefficient, and the other by fluctuating friction coefficient value obtained from inverse calculation, are taken to compare with the shape acquired by the experiment, revealing that the shape corresponding to the fluctuating friction coefficient acquired by inverse calculative model looks comparatively similar to the shape obtained by experiment. This result verifies the accuracy of the study proposed herein. During the research processing, through the simulative calculation of the hollow materials of various geometrical sizes, it is known that the change of friction coefficient is closely related to the geometrical sizes of the materials. Experiments are conducted towards two hollow materials having the same external diameter. By inverse calculating the hollow round tube having an internal diameter of 30mm, when the downward pressing volume is 29.36%, then its friction coefficient value is . Under the same forging experiment condition, and again using the same inverse calculation procedure and downward pressing volume of 29.36%, the friction coefficient of hollow round tube having an internal diameter of 45mm is . This indicates that when the hollow tools having the same external diameter but different thickness, their corresponding friction coefficient values would change accordingly. The thicker the ring, the larger the friction coefficient would be. Besides, from the equation obtained herein by inverse calculating the relationship between friction coefficient and downward pressing volume of the solid protruding forging, a friction coefficient value having a higher downward pressing volume can be predicted, which is then substituted into the elastic deformed forging model of this study and subsequently acquires the prediction of a protruding shape having a higher downward pressing volume. The result of this study is referential to control the accuracy of the sizes of the shapes during the intensive forging formation processing.
Books on the topic "Hollow forging"
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Tuncer, Munir Cihangir. Precision forging hollow parts. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1985.
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Thackeray, David. Forging a British World of Trade. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816713.001.0001.
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Brexit is likely to lead to the largest shift in Britain’s economic orientation in living memory. Some have argued that leaving the EU will enable Britain to revive markets in Commonwealth countries with which it has long-standing historical ties. Their opponents argue that such claims are based on forms of imperial nostalgia which ignore the often uncomfortable historical trade relations between Britain and these countries, as well as the UK’s historical role as a global, rather than chiefly imperial, economy. This book explores how efforts to promote a ‘British World’ system, centred on promoting trade between Britain and the Dominions, grew and declined in influence between the 1880s and 1970s. At the beginning of the twentieth century many people from London, to Sydney, Auckland, and Toronto considered themselves to belong to culturally British nations. British politicians and business leaders invested significant resources in promoting trade with Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa out of a perception that these were great markets of the future. However, ideas about promoting trade between ‘British’ peoples were racially exclusive. From the 1920s onwards colonized and decolonizing populations questioned and challenged the bases of British World networks, making use of alternative forms of international collaboration promoted firstly by the League of Nations and then by the United Nations. Schemes for imperial collaboration amongst ethnically ‘British’ peoples were hollowed out by the actions of a variety of political and business leaders across Asia and Africa who reshaped the functions and identity of the Commonwealth.
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Stallings, L. H. “Make Ya Holler You’ve Had Enough”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039591.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at Chester Himes' and Hal Bennett's fictional representations of BDSM (bondage, domination, sadism, and masochism) and sex work in order to theorize other articulations of masculinity in the domestic sphere. Funk proposes a blend of parody, irony, communal intimacy, and temporal violence to critique masculine privilege and eroticize male submission that would embrace unpatriarchal traditions of family. The chapter demonstrates how black public spheres too reliant on nostalgia and respectability can be reinvented using cultural legacies of transaesthetics. Eliminating gender hierarchies and sexual colonialism in black communities hinges on black men and women accepting systems of knowledge that would teach them that forgoing masculine privilege and rethinking the feminine is not only morally and ethically right, but also that there is pleasure in it if everyone involved is willing to submit to funk's emphasis on The One.
Book chapters on the topic "Hollow forging"
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Aksenov, Leonid B., and Sergey N. Kunkin. "Rotary Forging of Hollow Components with Flanges." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15684-2_1.
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Aksenov, L. B., and S. N. Kunkin. "The Combined Cold Axial Rotary Forging of Thick Hollow Flanges." In Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53363-6_1.
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Yang, Tung Sheng, and Yuan Chuan Hsu. "A Finite Element Analysis for the Forging Process of Hollow Spur Gear." In Materials Science Forum, 733–38. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-990-3.733.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hollow forging"
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Roeper, Matthias, and Steffen Reinsch. "HYDROFORGING: A New Manufacturing Technology for Forged Lightweight Products of Aluminum." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80424.
Full textAbstract:
The demand of parts with low weight, high material properties and relatively low cost leads to lightweight constructions. Especially hollow structures with a high stiffness and minimized weight are expected to have high potentials. In comparison to other manufacturing technologies, e.g. hydroforming or casting, characterized by their limitations of material thickness or mechanical strength, forging is a costeffective way to produce lightweight parts with excellent material properties and a balanced relation between strength and mass. Based on known flashless forging processes, a new technology to produce forged parts with hollow structures is developed at IPH — Institut fu¨r Integrierte Produktion Hannover, Germany. The hollow structure is filled by an incompressible liquid which is removed after the forming process. Maximum deformations are reached by using punches moving into the liquid.