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1
Satt, Harit. "Holidays’ effect and optimism in analyst recommendations: evidence from Europe." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 3 (2016): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i3c3p5.
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This paper documents Holidays effect in analyst recommendations in European stock markets (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden) during the period between 2003 and 2014. Our results indicate that analysts issue overly pessimistic recommendations on pre-holidays and overly optimistic recommendations on post-holidays (Christmas, Halloween and valentine). Our results are consistent with prior literature on day-of-the-week effect that documents upward trend in stock prices during the week and downward trend in stock prices over the weekend. We argue that by issuing bulk of favorable (optimistic) recommendations on Post-Holidays, analysts may hope to benefit from upward trend in stock prices. Similarly, by issuing bulk of unfavorable (pessimistic) recommendations on pre-holidays, analysts may hope to benefit from downward trend in stock prices. Moreover, we also show that our results are more pronounced in firms with higher information uncertainty and among less experienced analysts
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Zaуtseva, Nataliya Vladimirovna. "A gallant holiday of the XVII century as an introduction to management." Культура и искусство, no. 5 (May 2022): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2022.5.36647.
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In the XVII century in France, under the influence of gallant aesthetics, a new secular socio-integrative model and a new typology of the holiday were formed, which not only spread throughout Europe, but also reached Russia. The transformation of holidays into a management tool is influenced by specific socio-political reasons: the transformation of the knightly estate into a courtier under the onslaught of the advancing monarchy, the final collapse of the old feudal system with its traditional ties. At the same time, new ties and a new social structure of the monarchy of the classical model were being formed. Under the influence of these processes, royal holidays have turned from recreation and entertainment into a powerful lever of political and social influence, which is used by the royal power. The study of the holiday phenomenon has a multidimensional character. However, none of the researchers analyzed the festive culture of modern times from the point of view of a management tool. In this article, the phenomenon of a gallant holiday is considered not only as an important socio-cultural phenomenon, but as an institution of elite management, a new tool of power that helped solve economic, social and psychological problems. Under the influence of gallant aesthetics in France in the XVII century, a new scenography of the holiday is being formed - a holiday system on several sites united by one plot. This is what modern experts call the method of installation and dismemberment of space. This scenography will henceforth come into use and establish itself in the festive European culture for centuries.
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Daskalovski, Zhidas. "Public Holidays and Equality for Muslims in Western Europe." Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 37, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2017.1379692.
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ДАВИДЮК, Віктор. "Функціонально-поетична самоідентифікація Купала в українських купальських піснях." Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia, no. 10 (December 13, 2022): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2299-7237suv.10.9.
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At a time when Ukraine, even with some lag behind other European countries, is beginning to finally lose its traditional folklore, its practical museification is a crucial task. One of the most important tasks of this process is to explain the preserved and reconstruct forgotten rites in their song context. Kupala needs an important place among the urgent issues of such an understanding. The polysemy of this word itself testifies both to its antiquity and to the gradual path to the loss of some meanings. The analysis of similar holidays among the peoples of Europe shows that the Ukrainian holiday with this name has absorbed many meanings that could belong to other calendar holidays or were transferred from Ukraine and occasionally adapted to other dates or occasions. The material for the analysis were only texts that have a direct mention of the dome in its various forms. The Ukrainian token Kupala has several meanings: the name of the holiday, a ceremonial tree, a pile of bushes for the Kupala hearth, Kupala songs are called kupala in the far northwest. The lyrics associate the word with such ceremonial content as weaving wreaths, lighting a bonfire by a young woman and keeping it for three days, jumping over a fire, girls fighting for boys, orgiastic actions of young people („purchase sin”) and even natural punishment for it by abdominal pain, witchcraft is often mentioned.
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Utami, Chandrarini Pramardya, and Arie Pratama. "Stock Returns During Religious Holidays: The Role of Culture and Belief." Asian Economic and Financial Review 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 860–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2021.1111.860.872.
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This research investigates the effects of culture and belief on stock returns in Asia and Europe during religious holidays. Culture was proxied by power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. Belief was proxied by government regulation, government favoritism, and social regulation. Seventeen stock indices were selected, and the data employed in this research are stock returns during religious holidays commemorated by each country listed in the top world indices from 2016 to 2020. A quantitative method was employed and the data analysis was done using a multiple linear regression method with panel data. This research shows that individualism, government regulation, favoritism, and social regulation positively affect stock returns during religious holidays. This implies that investors recognize stock market characteristics to facilitate investment decision-making. It is recommended that investors maximize positive stock returns found in individualistic countries and countries with high government regulation, favoritism, and social regulation.
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Kürti, László. "“DO YOU WANT TO BE KRAMPUS?” Santa Claus, globality and locality of Christmas tradition." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2020-0010.
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Abstract In this paper the author argues that the Christmas holidays, notwithstanding their international standing as a religious and commercial season, are most productively understood as a glocal phenomena, a concept intended to link the local with the global in a dialectics of homogenization and particularism. Juxtaposing data from Hungary and Eastern Europe, the author provides an anthropological analysis that highlights the transformative power Christmas traditions and Santa Claus have played in diverse cultural settings since the late twentieth-century. For even the imposition of communist ideology, conceived as a globalizing force, failed to eradicate images of Santa Claus; both his persona and that of his devilish imp, Krampus, survived such ruthless attempts at indoctrination with only the slightest of modifications. In view of its economic and cultural significance, this paper argues in favor of international recognition of Saint Nicholas day, December 6th, as a glocal civil holiday.
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Ilieva, Tsvetoslava. "Easter Holidays – a Common Goal for European Educators in the eTwinning Community to Share and Collaborate." Vocational Education 24, no. 2 (April 23, 2022): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/voc22-27veli.
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The author shares experience about the work of the team at the “Happy Childhood” kindergarten in Pleven (Bulgaria) – as an equal participant in the eTwinning community of schools in Europe and active participant in a project focusing on the traditions of the Easter holidays. The text describes the cooperation between teachers, children, parents and local authorities to organise activities that enrich the life and professional experience of its members.
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Sygkelos, Yannis. "The National Discourse of the Bulgarian Communist Party on National Anniversaries and Commemorations (1944–1948)." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902985678.
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During the early post-war years (1944–1948), the newly established communist regimes in Eastern Europe followed the Soviet example. They honoured figures and events from their respective national pasts, and celebrated holidays dedicated to anti-fascist resistance and popular uprisings, which they presented as forerunners of the new, bright and prosperous “democratic” era. Hungarian communists celebrated 15 March and commemorated 6 October, both recalling the national struggle for independence in 1848; they celebrated a martyr cult of fallen communists presented as national heroes, and “nationalized” socialist holidays, such as May Day. In the centenary of 1848 they linked national with social demands. In the “struggle for the soul of the nation,” Czech communists also extensively celebrated anniversaries and centenaries, especially in 1948, which saw the 600th anniversary of the founding of Prague's Charles University, the 100th anniversaries of the first All-Slav Congress (held in Prague) and the revolution of 1848, the 30th anniversary of the founding of an independent Czechoslovakia, and the 10th anniversary of the Munich Accords. National holidays related to anti-fascist resistance movements were celebrated in Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia; dates related to the overthrow of fascism, implying the transition to the new era, were celebrated in Romania, Albania, and Bulgaria.
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Cartwright, R. "Gastrointestinal illnesses in tourists: whose responsibility?" Eurosurveillance 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.03.00448-en.
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Improvements in public health and the control of communicable diseases throughout Europe have been achieved due to the multidisciplinary approach and not only as a result of efforts of public health physicians. The conclusions of the Spanish team that studied the outbreak of gastroenteritis in tourists visiting the Dominican Republic provides a good example of the need for both cross discipline and international cooperation. Tourism is one of the top three global economic forces, with an increasing number of tourists each year. It is estimated that there are over 70 million package holidays sold in Europe annually with destinations worldwide. The tourists are exposed to a wide range of conditions and pathogenic organisms.
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Unowsky, Daniel. "Comments: Contesting And Constructing National Identity in Central Europe." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 3 (September 2001): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120073726.
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With his contingent of geographers, historians, and other academic “experts” collectively known as The Inquiry in tow, Woodrow Wilson arrived in Paris in January 1919 to redraw the map of Europe. Wilson wanted to fulfill his Fourteen Points and guarantee national self-determination to the peoples of Europe. A peaceful community of ethnically homogeneous nation-states was to replace the great multinational empires (defined by central European nationalists as prisons of the peoples) that had previously dominated central and eastern Europe. During the inter-war period, the governing elites of central Europe, their new “nation-states” legitimated by the post-war settlement, created new national holidays, national anthems, and nationalist school text books lauding the history and achievements of the state-bearing nation. These simple and seemingly coherent national narratives elided the messy, confusing, and jumbled past of multiple identities, mingled ethnic groups, and alienated social orders, and legitimized political, economic, and territorial claims made in the name of the “national community” lending its name to the new state.
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Vais, Dana. "Comparing Perspectives." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 4, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.500.
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The review compares two recent books: Holidays after the Fall. Seaside Architecture and Urbanism in Bulgaria and Croatia (edited by Elke Beyer, Anke Hagemann and Michael Zinganel, Berlin, 2013) and Enchanting Views. Romanian Black Sea Tourism Planning and Architecture of the 1960s and 1970s (edited by Kalliopi Dimou, Sorin Istudor and Alina Serban, Bucharest, 2015). They are the first comprehensive publications that focus on seaside tourism architecture and urbanism in the former communist world, in the three countries where these have been most substantially developed at the time. The two books are also part of a tendency in recent literature on the communist period, to see the brighter side of a built environment that is still generally considered to be grey and dull. The review compares the two editorial strategies and stresses their differences: Holidays after the Fall addresses both the communist and the post-communist periods, including the ‘architectural monstrosities’ of the recent liberal developments; Enchanting Views focuses strictly on the 1960s and the 1970s, with their unspoiled image of a clean and pure modernist seaside environment. Holidays after the Fall focuses more on researching and revealing objects of architecture and urbanism, while Enchanting Views looks to display as many different disciplinary perspectives and interpretations as possible. The review highlights their similarities too: both books develop comparative approaches, showing that modernist seaside developments in the communist Europe were closely similar to their Western counterparts and that seaside resorts have played a major role as instruments of lifestyle change and modernization.
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., Sukamto. "Social Construction On Cultural Multiculturalism." KnE Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (April 13, 2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v1i3.757.
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<p>This paper aims to disseminate the results of the study and get feedback about the "Social construction on Multiculturalism". Five years ago, Ahimsa Putra (2011) stated that Indonesia adopted pluralism without multiculturalism. Until now the issue of multiculturalism has become something that must be kept alive in an attempt to minimize the incidence of national disintegration. Winter (2015) tried to rethink multiculturalism by taking a lesson from Canada, where the people experienced setbacks in implementing the work program of multiculturalism. While Pakulski (2014) considered the implementation of multiculturalism policy program in Australia as a blur, Scuzzarello (2015), optimistically invited to care about multiculturalism and re power sharing on different communities. Gozdecka et al. (2014), in recent years after multiculturalism was declared, stated that it was a failure both in Europe and in Anglophone West. This study was conducted in Blitar, using a qualitative approach to data collection methods and also interviews with ten informants. The result showed that the community was concerned with the existence of multiculturalism; they considered themselves as ‘brother’. In addition, they described that: (a) asserting one's cultural identity, studying and assessing the cultural heritage of a person is important; (b) respecting and having a desire to understand and learn about (and from) other cultures is useful; (c) being always delighted with the presence of different cultures in the community, and considering it as a positive thing to be respected and maintained is crucial. The harmony was found in everyday lives, especially in the Religious and National holidays, for example Eid Al-Fitr, Vesak, Christmas, and other religious holidays. Also, it could be seen during the Commemoration of National Holiday such as the Independence Day and the Youth Pledge Day.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>social construction, pluralism, multiculturalism, Indonesia</em>.<strong><em></em></strong></p>
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Kurochkin, Оlexander. "European Carnival: traditions and nowadays." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine 30, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.2.2021.272.
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The problems of functioning of carnival traditions in the countries of Western Europe are examined in the given article. The ancient holidays of Dionysius and Saturnalia are the genetic ancestors, these were the periods when golden age seemed to be approaching the earth – the kingdom of universal equality and freedom. The carnival became a mass folk holiday with street processions, games, and theatrical performances in masks in the Middle Ages due to the development of European self-governing cities and the formation of the bourgeois class. Carnival theory is a field of active scientific discussion. While criticizing the vulnerable aspects of the carnival concept of M. Bakhtin, a representative of the international scientific community, they recognize the priority of the component structure of the public square laughter culture revealed by him. Inversion is the main idea of carnival illustrates change of the age, gender, social status of the participants of the festive event. One might receive a comprehensive knowledge of the international fund of carnival forms while analyzing its national variants. Taking this into account, the researcher might reveal the genesis and historical transformation of the most popular European carnivals, which are regularly performed in such cities as Venice, Cologne, Bensch, London. The European Carnival is the antithesis of a totalitarian holiday, which is characterized by excessive seriousness, false pathos, a stereotypical set of ideological slogans and clichйs. The experience of organizing carnival entertainment is interesting as an example of democratic festive communication, a bright artistic and aesthetic phenomenon, an example of successful self-organization of local communities.
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Javorček, Miroslav. "Experimental Verification of Air Quality in Primary Schools." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.245.
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The air quality in the classrooms of primary schools is an issue that is high on the agenda. They are devoted to the study and Europe. They show a wide variation in air requirements by occupancy class. During weekends and holidays, it is not necessary to meet the health requirements for air taking into account the presence of students. It is possible to specify boundary conditions, which influenced thermal requirements for building envelopes, by finding and setting various intensities of air exchange, depending on the occupation and function of the building. This fact should result to improving of the energy efficiency of primary school buildings and reducing of operating energy costs.
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Jessen, G., B. F. Jensen, E. Arensman, U. Bib-Brahe, P. Crepet, D. De Leo, K. Hawton, et al. "Attempted suicide and major public holidays in Europe: findings from the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 99, no. 6 (June 1999): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00986.x.
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Kratz, Bernd. "Der Computer als Zugang zum altisländischen Kalender." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700000809.
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ABSTRACTMedieval Iceland had two different systems of reckoning time which were used concurrently for different purposes: it had adopted the Julian calendar, prevalent in all of Europe, and it had also developed a separate calendar with no close parallels in any other country. This distinctly Icelandic calendar can be traced back to pre-Christian times, and it remained popular throughout the Middle Ages up until early modern days. This article uses brief excerpts from a computer program to analyze the structure and main features of the Icelandic calendar and to demonstrate by which methods its divisions into years, months and weeks were reconciled with the natural solar year as well as with the interlocking cycles of “fixed” and “movable” ecclesiastical holidays of the Julian calendar.
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Batychenko, Svitlana. "FEATURES OF FAMILY POLICY IN EUROPE." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 60 (2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2020.60.65-72.
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Goal. Analysis of the peculiarities of family policy in European countries, such as France, Sweden, Germany, Great Britain. Method. The study is based on general scientific methods, namely, analysis and synthesis, descriptive, analytical. And also socio-geographical - comparative-geographical. Results. Family policy in European countries focuses on the life position of young people, promotes gender equality, creates opportunities to combine work, education and family activities through a well-developed infrastructure. The establishment of the modern family model in which both parents work and the expansion of public education and services for children and families reduce relatively high child poverty, create new jobs in services, and reduce social inequality. Although European countries pursue a common family-gender strategy, they also have their own traditional model of family protection. The Scandinavian model is characterized by comprehensive support for working parents with young children (under the age of three) through a combination of material mechanisms, holidays and wide access to childcare facilities. An important aspect is the policy of gender equality and women's integration in the labor market. The main source of funding for family policy - taxes. Anglo-Saxon - is characterized by deliberately less financial support from families by the state, giving priority to low-income families. The main idea is the non-interference of the state in family and marriage processes and ensuring the well-being of families through the general development of the welfare of society. "Napoleonic" - use intangible forms of support: tax benefits, targeted loans. France has the highest level of state support for families with children and support for working women. The principle of subsidiary security is professed. Taxes and financial contributions are used. The German fiscal system does not encourage couples to work equally, as the tax burden on domestic work is much higher for two full-time employees. Parental leave allows mothers to leave the labor market for up to three years for one child. Scientific novelty. Analysis and comparison of family policy features in European countries. Practical significance. Implementation of family policy measures in domestic practice based on the experience of European countries, choosing the most successful option. The best option is to improve the demographic situation in the country.
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Baljin, Danbuerjiafu (Damrinjav), and Baazr A. Bicheev. "Орос болон өрнө дахинд ойрад-халимагийн ардын дууг цуглуулан тэмдэглэж, эмхэтгэж, хэвлүүлсэн тойм (= История записи и публикации народных песен ойрат-калмыков в России и Европе)." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, no. 3 (November 5, 2020): 529–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-529-566.
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Introduction. Oirats of China, Mongolia and Kalmyks of Russia live in three different countries — but share common ethnic ancestry. Oirats of China primarily reside in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Hara-Muren (Amur River valley). In Mongolia, Oirats traditionally inhabit western provinces, such as Uvs, Khovd, Bayan-Ölgii, Zavkhan, and Khӧvsgӧl. In Russia, Kalmyks live in the Republic of Kalmykia and Astrakhan Oblast. Some minor Oirat and Kalmyk groups reside in Kyrgyzstan, Europe, and America. Despite being separated by historical eras, state borders and differing cultural-economic conditions, Oirats and Kalmyks still preserve the common vivid tradition of oral poetry largely represented by folk songs. In Russia and Europe, the earliest recordings of Oirat and Kalmyk folk songs were made 260 years ago. Those divide into lingering and short ones: the former serve to celebrate remarkable events, such as rituals, festivities and holidays; the former are usually sung by young people during regular household activities. Goals. The paper seeks to review the history of recording, investigating and publishing Oirat and Kalmyk folk songs. Results. The article analyzes folk songs of Oirats and Kalmyks, setting forth a coherent historical paradigm of theirs in Russia and European countries throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.
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Grubbs, Anthony J. "THEATRICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF ST. CHRISTOPHER THROUGHOUT THE CROWN OF ARAGON DURING THE MIDDLE AGES." Catalan Review 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.20.15.
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As the patron of travelers, Sr. Christopher inspired one of the most popular cults to spread throughout medieval Europe. The Iberian Peninsula was no exception: his gigantic following spanned the region and his image adorned the walls of most churches and cathedrals. Manifestations were not limited to the plastic arts, however, and paratheatrical representations of St. Christopher were fairly common in processions celebrating Corpus Christi and other religious holidays, especially in Valencia, where the saint enjoyed even greater esteem. Furthermore, the mystery of his conversi on and martyrdom was also staged during religious festivals during the fifteenth cenrury. This essay traces the evolution of the hugely popular cult of St. Christopher in medieval Iberia by looking at various artistic (re)presentations of the converted Canaanite, paying special attention to the Valencian processions and two extant autos sacramentales—one written in Valencian and the other in Castilian.
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hudgins, sharon. "Edible Art: Springerle Cookies." Gastronomica 4, no. 4 (2004): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2004.4.4.66.
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Edible Arte: Springerle Cookies Springerle are white, anise-flavored cookies with a picture or design imprinted on the tops by specially carved rolling pins or flat molds. Sometimes the raised designs are also painted to enhance their appearance. A regional specialty of German Schwabia, Springerle are also baked in Alsace, Switzerland, Bavaria, and Bohemia. With roots in the pre-Christian era, Springerle are among several kinds of cookies shaped, molded, or decorated to depict animate or inanimate objects. The designs embossed on the tops of Springerle include religious figures, plants and animals, secular motifs, and symbolic images. The carving of wooden Springerle molds is an art in itself, and many European museums have collections of historical cookie molds. Today Springerle are traditionally baked for the Christmas season, although the motifs on historical molds indicate that these cookies were also made for religious holidays and secular events throughout the year in northern Europe.
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Wilkins, Carys. "Holidaying behind the Iron Curtain: The material culture of tourism in Cold War Eastern Europe." Matkailututkimus 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33351/mt.114552.
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During the Twentieth Century, foreign travel underwent a process of democratisation. Increasingly, through the development of package holidays to ever more far-flung destinations, leisure tourism for the first time allowed ordinary people to experience different cultures first hand. With the increased availability and affordability of foreign travel, actively promoted by travel agencies with strong left-wing political affiliations and supported and facilitated by international friendship societies, the number of western tourists visiting Eastern Europe multiplied through the 1960s and 1970s despite the Cold War. This paper will explore western tourism in Eastern Europe during the Cold War in a Scottish context through the material culture of travel collected during this period, focusing on the collection of Miss Eileen Crowford (1913 - 1990) held by National Museums Scotland. Miss Crowford was a life-long Edinburgh resident and an avid collector. Her collection spans the 20th century and includes a significant collection of costume jewellery, mass-produced decorative arts and travel souvenirs. Drawing upon previously unresearched material in the archive and objects acquired on her travels, both items that she bought and things that she was given or obtained as part of the travel experience, provides a case study through which to explore engagement with communist culture and politics in a Scottish context. This paper discusses how these trips were being marketed to prospective Scottish travellers, and how souvenir production and distribution, as well as conditions of access, reflect an often-mediated experience of the Soviet East.
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Галимов, Шамиль, Shamil Galimov, Лейсан Галимова, and Leysan Galimova. "THE INTANGIBLE CULTURE OF TATARSTAN IN THE REGIONAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21105.
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In recent years, educational tourism, as the direction, is developing faster than other. Cultural and natural heritage included in the world heritage list of UNESCO, are the main attraction of educational tourism. Most facilities are located in Europe. The heritage sites are operated steadily throughout the year regardless of the season. In addition to tangible objects of the world heritage there is the intangible culture, which included in separated list of UNESCO. The peculiarity of this type of heritage is in the representation by it the different forms of action, special national traditions, oral, musical, religious, cult, family, and other collective activities. Such world’s heritage sites need special protection, it is difficult to save them, to plan quantitative variable to calculate them. Holidays, traditions, ceremonies and other events that form the basis of intangible culture may disappear within one or two generations, in other words during 50 years. In this regard, there is the problem of preservation for future generations of indigenous people and thus to tourists these objects, and also their representation at the countrywide level.
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de la Rasilla del Moral, Ignacio. "Where Does Scholarly Critique End? Where Does…“Parody” Begin? A Mini-Contribution to a Mini-Symposium on Critical Book Reviews, with the Permission of Don Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra." German Law Journal 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200018770.
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In a village of Europe, the name of which I have no desire to call to mind, there lived not long since one of those book reviewers that keep a soft-tongue in the lance-rack for his friends' books, an old buckler with partisan coat-of-arms as a mark of his feudal loyalty to his academic ancestors, a lean hack to accompany him in the dark alleys of scholarly fears, and a greyhound for coursing his civil-servant oriented career's ambitions. An olla of rather more beef than mutton, a salad on most nights, scraps on Saturdays, lentils on Fridays, and a pigeon or so extra on Sundays, made away with three-quarters of his income. His first years in academia were of such quality as to drive him to the verge of quitting this miserable life more than once. The rest of his income went to a doublet of fine cloth and velvet breeches to attend academic congresses, and shoes to match for holidays, that were always research-oriented, and on weekdays he made a brave figure in his best homespun.
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Kurochkin, Oleksandr. "Symbolic Factors of State Identity." Folk art and ethnology, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2022.02.095.
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Symbolic aspects of the formation of state identity in independent Ukraine are described in the article. Post-socialist transformations of the late 20th – early 21st century in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe have been drawing increasing attention to the problems of a new state identity formation. The latter is an effect generated by the collective self-awareness of all ethnocultural communities involved in the political nation creation. In a particular context of Ukraine, the democratic institutions and values are strengthened in public life simultaneously with the overcoming of the heritage of the totalitarian past. The decommunization process has been lasting for more than a decade. Its actual results can be seen in the changed names of many settlements, squares, streets, enterprises, institutions, etc. The Leninfall is a striking indicator of the Soviet worldview matrix negotiation. It is the removal of monuments to V. Lenin and the other characters of the ideological pantheon of the USSR from the civic space. Traditional and professional cultures should be involved in a positive image of the state identity building. The system of new state holidays and rituals is aimed at the people inspiration and unification. Throughout the post-Soviet and post-socialist space the fundamental transformations of recent decades have taken place under the slogans of liberation from the totalitarian past and de-ideologization of all spheres of spiritual and social life. In post-totalitarian Ukraine the Independence Day has largely taken over the former functions of the October Revolution holiday. Neither military threats from Russia nor significant economic difficulties have prevented the bright and solemn celebration of the 30th anniversary of Ukraine Independence. This festival has become a significant indicator of the Ukrainian political nation maturity. The country has chosen the path of formation of a democratic society of the European type. The generally accepted system of holiday traditions forms the backbone of culture and spirituality of each nation. The satisfactory condition of this system influences all spheres of the general state body’s life. The task is to ensure the active importance of festive and ceremonial culture in the processes of Ukrainian independence strengthening, the political nation consolidation and establishment of the civil society with high humanistic values. The state identity of the Ukrainian nation today is at the formation stage. The ethnologists should study this process at the level of collective and individual consciousness.
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Savranchuk, Larisa. ""Wine" tours by Europe as one of the areas of recreational activities." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8648.
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The term “wine” tourism and its essence are considered in the article. Program, duration and types of “wine” tours are described. Principles of organization of such tours and the term of pre-order are determined. The attention is focused on the process of tasting, that includes: the location, the quality of the material, content; features and traits of enoteks, museums and wine festivals are highlighted; examples of classification “wine” tours (group, individual, hybrids first and second) are given. The data on the structure of “wine” tours (move to the starting point of travel, transfers, accommodation, catering facilities, and excursions) are presented. It refers to additional features over the standard program. Examples of car travel by the “wine” roads of France, “wine” routes in Italy are given. “Wine” tours of European countries, particularly in Cyprus (history's most famous brands, festivals, “wine” routes, the Museum of wine) are described. The excursion to the Greek winery, the link between wine and culture of the Italians and their character are delineated. The competitive principles of annual ceremony of marking of the best restaurant for “wine” tourism; culture center of the wine, “wine” estates in Italy are described. The attention is concentrated to the history of the brand “Chianti”, production of grappa and other. The feast of the grape in Spain (dates, location, program of “hero” holidays) are discussed in the article. Peculiarities of climate and soils of Southern Spain are mentioned as factors of growing vines “Palomino”, the role and value of “noble” mold in the production of heres, the features of the technology. The regions of wineries of Spain; the largest museum in the world of wine; specific accommodation facilities “Bodega”; symbiosis SPA hotels and restaurants; recreational coverage of Panades are mentioned in the article. The examples of production of the original Porto – the Sunny nectar of Portugal in Douro valley are given. Extra motivation to visit “wine” tours in Portugal are stated. The data about the culture of wine consumption in France are presented. “Wine” tours in Bordeaux, Champagne, Burgundy and Luarska Valley, Alsace and “wine” marathons of Medoc are described. Features of “wine” tours in Germany, classes of wines quality, wine-growing region, “wine” parks are highlighted. Geneva wine region of Switzerland, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site are characterized in the article. Attention is concentrated to the “wine” tours in Hungary (22 wine regions). Underdeveloped areas “wine” of tourism in Georgia are revealed. “Wine” tours in Transcarpathian and Odessa regions of Ukraine are described. Key words: “wine” variety of gastronomic tours as direction of recreational activities.
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DANA, Hazer, Tomor ÇELA, Addhe KRASNIQI, and Vloran CENAJ. "Economic and Tourist Effects of External Migration in Kosovo." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).26.
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Recently, almost all over the world, migratory movements have become a persistent and very intensive process, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Significant differences in terms of economic, social, political, and demographic development between different countries have affected the intensity of migration. Migration is supplemented by various effects, especially in the economic and social aspects. Kosovo is considered as one of the most underdeveloped countries of the Balkan Peninsula and intrinsically faces large population emigration. Being a small country, Kosovo counts about 1.7 million inhabitants, out of which 700,000-800,000 people were born in Kosovo, but living abroad. Accordingly, the focus of this paper relies on the economic and tourism effects that bring the emigration of people to different countries of Europe and beyond. This emigration is followed up by both positive and negative effects. Emigration has affected the improvement of living conditions for many families, investments in birthplaces, the endowment of various national contributions, continuous assistance and support to the family, remittances, etc. Emigration also has an impact on the development of tourism in Kosovo. Although Kosovo is at its initial stages of tourism development, the influx of emigrants in the homeland during the holidays but also in other periods during the year considerably affects the increase of revenues in the tourism sector.
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Varga, Zoltán. "Look Behind the (Animated) Pictures. Notes on the Role of the Aesopic Language in Hungarian Animated Film." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausfm-2015-0030.
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Abstract The essay explores a certain tendency of Hungarian animated film related to a strategy of constructing meaning. The so-called Aesopic language, which can be found in Hungarian animated film, is interested in creating ambiguity, hidden meanings, especially against oppressive political systems. The paper approaches the development of the Aesopic language in Hungarian animated film based on two factors. The first one examines the characteristics of the animated film in general, focusing on the double sense of the animated image. The second one is a historical approach, considering how the Communist regime affected artistic freedom, and how the Aesopic language became general in Central and Eastern Europe during the decades of Communism. After delineating the concept, the essay continues with interpretations of Hungarian animated films produced by the famous Pannonia Film Studio as examples of the Aesopic language. The paper distinguishes between a less and a more direct variant of creating ambiguity, depending on whether the animated films lack or contain explicit references to the Communist system. The group o|f the less direct variant includes Rondino, Changing Times and The Fly, among the examples of the more direct variant we can find Storv about N, Our Holidays and Mind the Steps!.
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Cressy, David. "The Protestant Calendar and the Vocabulary of Celebration in Early Modern England." Journal of British Studies 29, no. 1 (January 1990): 31–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385948.
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Under Elizabeth and the early Stuarts the English developed a relationship to time—current time within the cycle of the year and historical time with reference to the past—that set them apart from the rest of early modern Europe. All countries followed a calendar that was rooted in the rhythms of ancient Europe and that marked the passage of time by reference to the life of Christ and his saints. But only in England was this traditional calendar of Christian holidays augmented by special days honoring the Protestant monarch and the ordeals and deliverances of the national church. In addition to regulating the seasons of work and worship, the calendar in England served as a reminder of the nation's distinctiveness, of God's mercies, and of England's particular religious and dynastic good fortune. Other Protestant communities, most notably the Dutch, enjoyed a comparable myth of historical exceptionalism—a replay of the Old Testament—but no other nation employed the calendar as the English did to express and represent their identity. Early modern England, in this regard, had more in common with modern America, France, or Australia (with Independence Day, Bastille Day, Australia Day, etc.), than with the rest of post-Reformation Europe.This article deals with changes in calendar consciousness and annual festive routines in Elizabethan and Stuart England. It examines the rise of Protestant patriotism, and the shaping of a national political culture whose landmarks were royal anniversaries, the memory of Queen Elizabeth, and commemoration of the Gunpowder Plot. It opens a discussion on the vocabulary of celebration and the degree to which festivity was sponsored and orchestrated in the interest of national consolidation or partisan position. And it will show how calendrical observances that at first helped unite the crown and nation became contentious, politicized, and divisive.
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Bendikaitė, Eglė. "The Zionist Press on Lithuanian-Jewish Economic Rivalry in the 1930s." Lithuanian Historical Studies 10, no. 1 (November 30, 2005): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-01001005.
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The Zionists were fully aware that the ideal that they propagated in relation to the creation of a political home for the whole Jewish nation could not be implemented overnight. Therefore, the concern about the socio-economic situation of the Jewish community was one of the main issues of Zionist activity in the Diaspora. The consequences of the world Depression of the 1930s, domineering nationalistic ideology, a big wave of anti-Semitism in Western Europe aroused strong public emotions in Lithuania, which manifested themselves mainly in the struggle for the ‘neglected’ economic positions in the country. This article attempts to reveal how the economic rivalry between the Lithuanians and the Jews was seen and presented in the Zionist press, most widespread and widely read by people of various political viewpoints in the 1930s. The information contained in the Zionist press throws light on the formation of the attitude towards the national economic programme conducted by Lithuanian authorities, placing emphasis on the importance of export and import, the qualification examination of artisans, the law on holidays and rest days, etc. Attention is also paid to the propaganda of the Association of Lithuanian Merchants, Manufacturers and Artisans (established in 1930), and the specifics of their rhetoric. The press response to professional competition, narrowing the spheres of the engagement of Jews and the propaganda of hatred towards the Jewish nation are also dealt with.
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Voukkali, Irene, Pantelisa Loizia, Jose Navarro Pedreño, and Antonis A. Zorpas. "Urban strategies evaluation for waste management in coastal areas in the framework of area metabolism." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 3 (January 9, 2021): 448–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20972773.
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Europe is considered one of the most attractive and safe prevalent tourist destinations in the entire world. Approximately half (47.4%) of European tourist visits occurred in coastal regions, defined “on the basis of and consist of local administrative units or municipalities that border the sea, or have at least half of their total surface area within a distance of 10 km from the sea.” Destinations such as Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Spain and Croatia presented with an increased level of tourist accommodation establishments, as well as, the overall flow of tourism in the European Union is mostly concentrated on Mediterranean coastal regions (as nine out 10 tourists, in 2015, spent their holidays at coastal areas). This paper, is dealing with the assessment of a tourist area and how the concept of urban metabolism has been affected by touristic activities. Moreover, this research using several key performance indicators such as waste compositional analysis, the clean coast index, the accumulation rate, and accumulation index, etc., tries to measure the level of environmental performance, and furthermore, to assess the existing infrastructures and the waste management plan, that are being implemented. The results are very useful, for any policy-maker, as well as competent authorities and/or tourist organizations which are dealing with tourist activities and aim to propose or re-schedule any waste strategy targeting the goals of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, European Green Deal, and the new circular economy strategy.
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Grigorescu, Elena-Daniela, Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu, Ioana Crețu, Mariana Floria, Alina Onofriescu, Alexandr Ceasovschih, Bogdan-Mircea Mihai, and Laurențiu Șorodoc. "Self-Reported Satisfaction to Treatment, Quality of Life and General Health of Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Inadequate Glycemic Control from North-Eastern Romania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 3249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063249.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undermines health and quality of life (QoL). This cross-sectional study surveyed 138 consenting T2DM patients from North-Eastern Romania with regard to their satisfaction with treatment, diabetes-related impact on QoL, and general health. The Romanian versions of Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL-19), and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires were used. Self-reports were analyzed in conjunction with clinical and metabolic profiling. The patients were 57.86 ± 8.82 years old, 49.3% men, treated with oral glucose-lowering drugs, presenting with inadequate glycemic control but without cardiovascular manifestations. The mean DTSQ and ADDQoL scores were 25.46 ± 0.61 and −2.22 ± 1.2, respectively. Freedom to eat, holidays, journeys, leisure, physical health, sex life, freedom to drink, and feelings about the future scored below average. The mean SF-36 physical and mental health scores were 47.78 ± 1.03 and 50.44 ± 1.38, respectively. The mean SF-6D score was 0.59 ± 0.04 (generated retrospectively using SF-36 data). Negative associations were significant between ADDQoL, age (r = −0.16), and body mass index (r = −0.23), p < 0.01. Overall scores did not correlate with diabetes duration (except DTSQ, r = −1.18, p = 0.02) or HbA1c. The results confirm other researchers’ findings in Europe and nearby countries. Our patients seemed satisfied with treatment despite glycemic imbalance and viewed diabetes as a burden on QoL and especially freedom to eat.
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Pramono, Bambang, Syachman Perdymer, Handri Adiwilaga, Nurkholisoh Ibnu Aman, Rio Khasananda, Saraswati Saraswati, Illinia Ayudhia Riyadi, and Bintari Dewi Darmaputri. "QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER II, 2017." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 20, no. 1 (September 28, 2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v20i1.720.
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This paper analyzes the economic condition of the second quarter of 2017 and provides the outlookfor 2017 and 2018. It covers the global dynamics and domestic in national level as well as spatial views inIndonesia. From external, global economic expansion continues, entailing a shift in the sources of growthwith China and Europe was expected to increase, while US economy grew slower than expected. At home,Indonesia’s economic growth was stable on the back of gain in investment particularly building investment.On the other hand, household consumption growth slowed, government consumption contracted afterspending was delayed, and exports posted slower growth. Spatially, the slowdown occurred in Java,Sulawesi and Kalimantan. CPI inflation was maintained within the target range despite increasing demandduring the lead up to national religious holidays. Balance of payments recorded a surplus while currentaccount deficit remains well maintained and financed by a large surplus in the capital and financial account..The rupiah rate moved steadily, with lower volatility relative to peer countries. The Banking industry waswell maintained and continued to strengthen financial system stability. The continued easing of monetarypolicy was responded by declining rates on deposits and loans. Moving forward, Bank Indonesia expectseconomic growth to accelerate in 2017, and grow higher in 2018 on the back of increased investmentand consumption in line with more expansive government spending along with space to ease monetarypolicy. On the other hand, inflationary pressures will be controlled in line with the lower inflation target.
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Bertram, Laurie K. "Icelandic Cake Fight: History of an Immigrant Recipe." Gastronomica 19, no. 4 (2019): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2019.19.4.28.
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This article explores the history of vínarterta, a striped fruit torte imported by Icelandic immigrants to North America in the late nineteenth century and obsessively preserved by their descendants today. When roughly 20–25 percent of the population of Iceland relocated to North America between 1870 and 1914, they brought with them a host of culinary traditions, the most popular and enduring of which is this labor-intensive, spiced, layered dessert. Considered an essential fixture at any important gathering, including weddings, holidays, and funerals, vínarterta looms large in Icelandic–North American popular culture. Family recipes are often closely guarded, and any alterations to the “correct recipe,” including number of layers, inclusion or exclusion of cardamom or frosting, and the use of almond extract, are still hotly debated by community members who see changes to “original” recipes as a controversial, even offensive sign of cultural degeneration. In spite of this dedication to authenticity, this torte is an unusual ethnic symbol with a complex past. The first recipes for “Vienna torte” were Danish imports via Austria, originally popular with the Icelandic immigrant generation in the late nineteenth century because of their glamorous connections to continental Europe. Moreover, the dessert fell out of fashion in Iceland roughly at the same time as it ascended as an ethnic symbol in wartime and postwar North American heritage spectacles. Proceeding from recipe books, oral history interviews, memoirs, and Icelandic and English language newspapers, this article examines the complex history of this particular dessert.
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Majhosev, Darko. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CITY TOURISM WITH ACCENT ТО ТHE CITY TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001267m.
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With their cultural and historical contents, cities have always attracted tourists, thus contributing to creating a new kind of tourism - city tourism. The potentials of cities have contributed to creating other types of tourism such as fair, cultural, congressional, sports, religious tourism, etc. City breaks have become a contemporary trend and a phenomenon in world tourism, which an increasing number of tourists is becoming more interested in, and these tourists want to spend their short breaks, holidays or weekends in them. Comprehensive and short visits to major cities offer an opportunity to discover their tourist values such as ambience, architecture, culture, art, people, customs, etc. Basically, urban tourism is an activity that takes place in urban areas. City break is the third most important type of tourism in international tourism and the third most important type of vacation and traveling in Europe after ―sun and beach‖ and ―tour‖. In the last three decades, tourism in the world has been witnessing a constant growth of city break. The growth of this type of tourism is associated with the growth of the urban population in the world. City break tourism gives an impetus to the revitalization of urban areas. Historic cores of cities and pedestrian zones are urban spaces that appeal to visitors and are always attractive places visited by most tourists in all seasons. One of the most common activities of city break is seeing the sights of a city, its attractions, museums, galleries and historical landmarks, most often with a special open-type bus with a tour guide.
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Potočnik, Nataša. "Wendy Jones Nakanishi : an American resident in Japan, her life and work through the English language and literary creativity." Acta Neophilologica 45, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2012): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.45.1-2.63-85.
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Wendy Jones Nakanishi is a professor of English Language and Comparative Cultures at a small private college located in the south of Japan: Shikoku Gakuin University in Kagawa prefecture. It is a life far removed from her roots. She grew up in a tiny town in the northwestern corner of Indiana and spent her childhood holidays at her grandparentsʼ farm in the central part of the state. She received graduate degrees in Indiana, in England and in Scotland and she also spent a year in France and half a year in Holland. Nakanishi has published widely in America, Japan and Europe. Her academic research ranges from eighteenth-century English literature to the analysis of contemporary Japanese and British authors to sociological topics related to Japan. She was an Associate Member of the Ruskin Programme, based at LancasterUniversity in England, and currently belongs to the Iris Murdoch Society of Japan. She has published a considerable body of academic work - critical monographs, articles and book reviews - and, in recent years, has embarked on writing short stories and Žcreative non-fictionʼ pieces based on her experience of living in Japan for the past twenty-seven years as an American 'ex-patʼ, as a university professor, and as the wife of a Japanese farmer and the mother of three sons. Her stories have been published in various literary magazines in Japan and abroad and reflect her Žlife storyʼ asa foreigner residing in that country. In this article, I will focus on her 'creative non-fictionʼ stories.
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Sokyrko, Oleksii. "“ACCORDING TO THE BROTHERHOODS’ CUSTOM” BANQUETS OF KYIV CRAFTSMEN OF THE SECOND HALF OF XVIII CENTURY." Mìsto: ìstorìâ, kulʹtura, suspìlʹstvo, no. 7 (November 25, 2019): 35–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.07.035.
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Nutrition has always been an important element of the subculture of different social communities of Early Modern Europe. Holiday feasts of craftsmen corporations in the cities performed symbolic functions, separating the socio-professional community from the rest of society, and at the same time demonstrated its status, wealth, prestige. The joint banquets of craftsmen on the occasion of church holidays and corporate events strengthened group identity, saved it from blurring, restrained the isolation and individualization of its members. The several-day banquets held after the church liturgies were accompanied by music and hearty feasts, gifts to the clergy patrons of the craft and magistrate officials, and demonstrated the material power of the craft brotherhood and the respectful social status of its members.
The books of Kyiv craft corporations allow to reconstruct the middle-class townsfolk cuisine of the middle - second half of the 18th century. According to the expenditure registers contained in them, it is evident that the townsfolk gastronomic tradition retained all the features inherent in the late medieval food system. It was dominated by the meals and drinks that formed the basis of nutrition for the high and the middle-class: large amounts of meat, fresh and salted fish, thick crunchy soups and cereals, white bread, vodka (horilka), mead and beer.
The culinary culture of craftsmen was no stranger to imitation of higher gastronomic patterns and habits. In early modern Kyiv, the monastic world and the everyday culture of the church hierarchs acted as a model for imitation. This is where the artisans borrowed their taste for the use of tea, caviar and sturgeon. Another model to follow was the merchants, whose table was rich in various spices, imported alcohol, vegetables, fruits and sweets. Less significant, but noticeable, was the influence of the household fashion of the Cossack officials (starshyna) and the LittleRussian nobility (shliakhta): wildfowl, lavish local and imported liquers (vodka) appeared on the townspeople's tables. For all its ostentatious personality and efforts to imitate the cuisine of the upper classes, the food style of the craftsmen was far from cosmopolitanism. In the kitchen of Kyivites we will not see manifestations of culinary fashion of the XVIII century. The periphery of Kyiv's economic and administrative status made the food of its inhabitants quite typical of the rest of the country, having preserved the noticeable features of the food structure that had been developed in the previous XVII century. In the case of craft corporate records, we can see literally microscopic changes - the appearance of cheap spices, sugars, inexpensive imported wines in the diet of burghers, which were markers of sluggish economic changes
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Anna, Misyun. "«NORTHERN LIGHTS»: VISUALIZATION OF THE NEW RUSSIAN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE." Doxa, no. 1(35) (December 22, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2021.1(35).246725.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of one of modern Russia’s local or group historical narratives, which articulates the mystical connection of the north-Russian population with Finno-Ugric shamanic practices based on runes «Kalevala». The TV series «Northern Lights» (the original script of Victoria Platova) in the genre of a mystical detective discusses one of the ways to deploy a «folk» or popular historical narrative, which is some controversial attitude of the state policy of memory and a conservative turn in historical policy. The relationship of the representations about Finnish roots of Russian ethnos with such unrelated concepts as «escapism» and «Aryan myth» was analyzed. The gradual drift of popular history in mass media is considered from the purely Slavic narrative of origin and ancient mystical practices of the people of north-western Russia to the recognition of Finno-Ugric roots or even the unity of Russian and Finnish peoples of the Russian north. The deconstruction of the series by visual anthropology techniques revealed a constant appeal to the everyday magical practices of the Karelian heroes of the series, who identify themselves as Russians. The inhabitants of the Island, where the action takes place, all the structure of their daily lives and holidays are built around the gods and heroes of Kalevala. The narratives «Finnish roots» in media are considered in connection with the interpretation of dubious results «Russian Nobility DNA Project», the origin of Princess Olha and Old Ladoga, as the source of Russia. The conclusion is reached on the participation of many actors and polyphonicity of modern Russian historical narrative, search for new lines of interface of Russian history and Europe.
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Lenjani, Basri, Merima Šišić, Verica Mišanović, Kenan Ljuhar, and Dardan Lenjani. "Challenges and Problems Affecting the Development Emergency Medical Services in Kosovo." Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 5, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 825–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32391/ajtes.v5i2.245.
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Emergency medical service is organized as a separate field of health activities in order to provide uninterrupted emergency medical care for citizens who due to illness or injury have directly threatened the life, certain organs or certain parts of the body respectively cut the optimal time of occurrence of the emergency until the start of the final treatment process. Emergence clinic for 2020. Year ED over 100. 000-cases. The emergency health system doesn’t have a consolidated network and integrated emergency medical services. Emergency health services in Europe are being challenged by changes in life dynamics, scientific advancements, which do increase the request to further improve the way of delivering emergency services. Health-system resilience can be defined as the capacity of health actors, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises, to maintain core functions when a crisis hits, and—informed by lessons learned during the crisis to reorganize if conditions require it. Emergency clinic today at UCCK offers an area of 507m2, with 22 beds in the living room (1 bed per 100,000 population). Compliance with the law on emergency medical care, support, and improvement of EMS creating a special budget for EMS. EMS Independence (Decentralization). Budget, Management, accreditation, initiation of a project of systematization doctors of nurses in an integrated system. Regulation of administrative and legal infrastructure for EMS. The increase in salary (during holidays, weekends), shortening working hours for EMS, beneficial path (stress, risk, complexity, infections, first contact with the patient), the extension of annual leave. Functionalization of the Permanent National Center for Education EMS training, licensing, relicensing (medical staff) Quality control or EMS quality.
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Логинова, Наталия, Nataliya Loginova, Валентина Костоварова, Valentina Kostovarova, Галина Чудайкина, and Galina Chudaykina. "Ecological tourism in Russia and Scandinavia." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19736.
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In recent years, in our country there is a significant growth of interest in such unusual trend in tourism as ecological tourism. Ecotourism is a kind of nature tourism, which brings together people who want to be as close as possible to nature. The very concept of "ecotourism" for our country is a relatively new, but in Western Europe, USA, Canada, Australia and other countries such kind of rest has already gained a lot of popularity. In Russia, despite the opportunities for development of this trend, ecotourism is underdeveloped. This article defines the concept of "ecotourism", describes the peculiarities of this type of tourism, and lists the main requirements for eco-tours. The authors give the main reasons hindering the development of eco-tourism in our country. The authors consider in detail the Nordic countries as an example of the highest level of eco-tourism organizing. Currently, it is one of the most popular destinations for eco-tourists. The Nordic countries, namely Norway, Sweden and Denmark, provide great opportunities for the ecotourism development. It is promoted by the magnificent nature, picturesque landscapes, good level of state support and protection of national parks and reserves, the interest of the local population in maintaining the ecotourism facilities in proper state and creation of comfortable conditions for recreation of foreign and domestic tourists, who prefer to spend their holidays or a weekend surrounded by nature. There are solutions for active rest and relaxing vacation, which allows the Nordic countries to attract more and more eco-tourists year by year.
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Šiaučiulienė, Rūta. "Vaikų vasaros laisvalaikio socialinės, edukacinės, kultūrinės prasmės (teorinis aspektas)." Laisvalaikio tyrimai 1, no. 1 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/elt.v1i1.184.
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Research background. Children’s summer leisure as non-formal cultural education (learning) environment in Europe and the United States is equally important as learning in a formal, institutionalized (school) environment. In these countries there is interest in children’s weekend, festive, school (including summer) vacation, leisure time. Lithuania is the opposite – a formal interest in school, leisure, entertainment and children’s informal cultural environment (after all, one of these environments is summer leisure environment) has not been almost studied. Children’s summer vacation became important because of its long duration – two / three months. Most parents and children’s summer vacation periods do not coincide, so adults worry about their children activity during the summer holidays. Then children’s summer leisure is overlooked, perceived as an adult controlled and proposed activity. The aim of the study is to justify social, educational, cultural meanings of children’s summer leisure. The object of the study is children’s summer leisure significance. Methods: theoretical analysis, meta-analysis. Results. The processes of democracy and liberalization occurring in modern society and the declared philosophy of humanism permit to investigate children’s leisure culture in summer as a social and educational phenomenon within the contexts of ‘free’ (self-) education and the phenomenon of freedom. Children’s leisure culture in summer is contextualized as the time disposed by children themselves and implicates social and educational meanings. In terms of such conceptions the child becomes an active creator of his/her leisure culture. The social and educational significance of children’s leisure culture in summer is perceived through the meanings attached by children themselves. Such interpretation paradigm of children’s leisure culture in summer turns out to be significant in creating new knowledge for educators (parents, teachers, specialists of non-formal education, etc.). Children’s narrative on summer leisure enables this discourse to be accepted in the science of education/pedagogy as overt/main rather than hidden/secondary one, existing alongside with the discourse created by adults ‘children are immature socio- cultural individuals, therefore, unable to carry out an activity, which is significant for their (self-)education and (self)socialization’.
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Orlova, T. "Development of Public History in Australia." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-10.
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The present article is aimed at demonstrating the importance of new for Ukrainian historiography direction of public history, for the country’s development and for strengthening its stance at the international arena. Australia is taken for an example, as it has turned from once remote Terra Incognita into one of the leading nations of the modern world. It is emphasized that, regardless of attainments, the identity issue is still as urgent as to other countries in the conditions of a global crisis. The sources of the public history trend are revealed, explained are the factors conducive to its spread planet-wise, attention is brought to the fact that this trend has become a natural result of developments in the science of history in the Western civilization, encompassing countries of Europe, the Americas, and Australia. The latter, being a ramification of the Western civilization branch, has adopted the guidelines outlined by American scholars, driven by pragmatic considerations.
Steps are determined in the institutionalization of the said direction, a characteristic is given to the activities of the Australian Center of Public History at Sydney Technology University, of the journal “Public History Survey”, as well as to the specifics of their work in the digital era under the motto: “History for the public, about the public, together with the public”. The same motto is leading the historians working with local and family history, cooperating with the State in the field of commemoration, placing great importance on museums, memorials, monuments. Considering national holidays, particular attention is given to the National Day of Apology, reflecting the complications of Australian history. Like American public history, the Australian one began to give much attention to those groups of population that were previously omitted by the focus of research, namely, the aborigines.
A conclusion is made regarding the importance of history in general and public history in particular for the implementation of the national identity policy – an important token of the nation’s stable and successful progress.
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Hyrina, T. "СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПРОДУЦЕНТІВ РАДІОПРОГРАМ ДУХОВНОЇ ТЕМАТИКИ В УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ." State and Regions. Series: Social Communications, no. 1(49) (March 23, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2022.1(49).6.
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<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the article is to comprehend the aspect of religious radio broadcasting in the structure of radio programs of Ukrainian emigration in the radio space of foreign countries in the twentieth century.</em></p><p><strong><em>The research methodology </em></strong><em>is based on the use of general scientific methods of archival research (digitized issues of the Ukrainian daily «Svoboda» in 1935–1991 available in free access), monitoring of identified mentions of the presence of Ukrainian-language programs in the radio space of different countries, clipping , the names of the program, its periodicity, the name of the radio station on which the broadcasts were available, the areas covered by it, characteristics, references to the source of information and its author, etc., historiographical, systematization, deductive and method of observation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> </em><em>As a result of the research, the orientation of Ukrainians to spiritual practices and religious themes in the radio space of foreign countries was stated. The founders of the programs for Ukrainian believers were representatives of various religious organizations in North and South America, Europe and even Australia. Based on the capabilities of the organizers, the programs were created on a regular basis, and broadcast on a permanent broadcast network, as well as non-periodic holidays and annual anniversaries. Priests and members of their families became the authors and hosts of such programs. The team of radio amateurs included a treasurer who was responsible for collecting and rationally using funds donated by the community and provided by the flock to support the presence of the Ukrainian word of God in the radio space. Some programs, such as Evangelical Morning, a project of Ukrainian Baptists in North America, were briefly spread to Soviet Ukraine, from where they received grateful feedback from underground listeners. The main religious holidays were timed to broadcast the Divine Liturgy, for the sick, those who do not have the opportunity to join the action in person</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> For the first time in the scientific discourse the achievements of the spiritual and religious segment of the radio programs of the Ukrainian emigration in the XX century are comprehended.</em></p><p><strong><em>The practical significance</em></strong><em> of the research results is the introduction of documented data on the state of development, achievements and thematic, genre diversity, musical diversity and polyphony of Ukrainian radio programs on the spiritual life of Ukrainians in different countries.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Ukrainian-language radio program, Radio Service of God, radio broadcast, religious radio program, world Ukrainian radio.</em></p>
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Guerra, I., F. Borges, J. Padrão, J. Tavares, and M. H. Padrão. "SMART CITIES, SMART TOURISM? THE CASE OF THE CITY OF PORTO." Revista Galega de Economía 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/rge.26.2.4449.
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The so-called Smart Cities have been playing an important role in the academic literatureas well as in the agenda of public policies. With the forward thinking of “creating” newurban development models, the cities intend to strategically positioning themselves and atthe same time develop cooperation networks. Frequently using the Information andCommunication Technologies (while as a means to an end and not as an end itself), thecities try to assure a greater economic competitiveness, the environmental sustainabilityand the reinforcement of citizenship (calling out to people to participate, in the scope of aninclusive logic and in an appeal to creativity and social responsibility).Even the 2020European strategy promotes this development.The geographic scope of the study islimited to the city of Porto. This is justified by the fact that, in 2015, Porto was one the fiveEuropean cities selected to participate in the GrowSmarter (model of organization of citiesof the future), an ambitious project with the objective of making Europe more sustainableand environmentally intelligent.Besides that, the Portuguese Smart Cities Index, 2016, points out the city of Oporto as thePortuguese city with better results in what concerns the main vectors of intelligence(policy, strategies and projects implemented, edification, mobility, energy and smartservices).At the same time, in the international press, the city of Porto appears as areference for its architectural wealth and as one of the more indicated Europeandestinations for one who would like to enjoy quality holidays at a reasonable price.That isperhaps why Shermans Travel presents Porto as one of the top 10 destinations forintelligent tourists. The purpose of the present study is to understand if the emergence ofsmart cities can be in some way connected to the appearance of smart tourism. For such apurpose, we will study the city of Porto and a survey will be conducted among the touristsof the city.This article compiles some of the first results of the study, referring to the datacollected during the months of August and September of 2017, and intends mainly to setout some hypotheses about the motivation for the choice of a tourist destination, that willbe developed in future works.
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Humeniuk, Olha, Vasyl Humeniuk, and Oksana Yefremova. "History of international academic mobility of students in higher medical education institutions of Ukraine." Visnyk of Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, no. 35 (2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2021.35.11307.
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The article summarizes the experience of Ukraine’s participation in international academic mobility on the example of undergraduate higher medical education. Analysis of the archival documents in the second half of the 20th century revealed two types of student exchange programs: introductory internships on the basis of clinical and medical institutions of Ukraine and European countries, under the guidance of an international group of teachers; labor introductory practice – exchange of student construction teams who got acquainted with the health care system of the host country and worked in hospitals and medical camps during the summer holidays. From the beginning of the 21st century, international mobility students in the Ukrainian medical universities (undergraduate medical education) have been studying at the following programs: 1) educational practice based on interuniversity cooperation agreements; 2) student exchanges organized by the International Federation of Medical Students Associations; 3) interuniversity international agreements on long-term (with credit transfer) and short-term exchange programs. The number of these students at the level of undergraduate medical education is increasing, but insignificantly compared to foreign students from Europe, Asia, Africa who receive undergraduate medical education on a permanent basis (as of 2018 – more than 23 thousand). Based on the obtained results, the general positive prospects and directions of the development of international academic mobility of medical students in Ukraine are determined: 1) short-term Ukrainian and European international student exchanges, which allow to increase their level of motivation to study, develop individual educational trajectories, expand their level of competence in the field of health care system of different countries; 2) expansion of the semester programs of student academic mobility taking into account the availability of educational programs in English in Ukraine and its lower cost compared to European universities, promising for both “EU students” and “non-EU students” of European universities, who: а) want to expand their experience and competence in the provision of medical services at the primary and secondary levels of health care and the pre-medical sphere; b) study medical management in the field of health care in different countries; c) have problems with tuition fees. Keywords: international academic mobility, undergraduate medical education, student exchange programs.
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TIZZONI, Elisa. "Europeans on Holiday." Journal of European Integration History 25, no. 2 (2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2019-2-189.
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Aiming to provide an overview on the tourism policy implemented by the European Economic Community from the early 1960s until today, the research gives a contribution to fill a gap in current European Integration History, since Historians devoted little attention to the role of tourism in the integration process. To achieve this goal, the article addresses the mutual interactions between the making of Europe and the spread of mass tourism, by a focus on the role played from the Commission and the Council in the field of leisure travel. Broadly speaking, achievements and contradictions of the attempts to set a true tourism policy throughout the decades are investigated. From a methodological point of view, the research owes to the so-called “new history of European integration”, to the extent that multiple layers are taken into account, in order to assess the consequences of EEC tourism policy on society as a whole.
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Shepeleva, Ìrina. "CONCEPT OF HOLIDAY AND PERFORMANCE WITH PEOPLES OF EUROPE." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 2, no. 10 (2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2019-2-10-151-159.
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Bondarenko, Halyna. "New Aspects of Religious Life in Ukraine in the Conditions of the Social Challenges of the 21st Century." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2022.01.009.
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The changes in religious life of Ukrainian society of the 21st century are analysed in the article. Problems of church-state relations transformation, significance of religious-cultural heritage, confessional diversity and religious influence on society remain relevant not only in Ukraine, but in Europe as a whole. The peculiarity of Ukrainian religious life of the time period studied consists in its denominational diversity provided by law. Connection between religious affiliation and national identity in Ukrainian society, documented by researchers, is not only found in Orthodox midst, but also in Catholic, Islamic and Jewish religious communities. The Revolution of Dignity has become a turning point in the activity of church organizations. Many Prayerful Maidans, held during that time in various Ukrainian cities, are ecumenical in nature. The concept of Maidan theology has appeared and become widely used. It is introduced by the theologian Kyrylo Hovorun. This process has confirmed the necessity for church to start work in the direction of dialogue with society. Civic attitude of church leaders and social doctrine of the church have experienced significant changes because of military events in the Eastern Ukraine. Interconfessional consolidation of religious communities and believers on the principles of patriotism has taken place in the conditions of threat of the state security loss. The religious landscape of the country has been changed because of the territories loss and migration processes: a number of Protestant and Muslim communities is decreased on the occupied territories. The representatives of various denominations provide humanitarian aid to the wounded, displaced persons and the residents of the so-called Grey Zone. Military chaplaincy has become widespread and established by law. Receiving of the Tomos in 2018 and creation of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine has become a significant geopolitical event, assessed by the public opinion as an act of justice restoring, restitution of its historical heritage to Ukrainian church. Covid-19 pandemia has corrected the development of the country’s religious life, influencing both the level of common religiosity of the population and social stability in general. The significance of digital technologies in churches’ activity has increased during this time. Virtual liturgies and public prayers have hundreds of thousands of views (especially on holidays), social media vaccine discussions, video addresses of religious leaders to the flock in connection with key social events testify the population interest in church issues and importance of the religious factor in modern Ukrainian society.
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Morris, Alan, Ken Wilson, and Steve Bakalis. "Modelling Tourism Flows from Europe to Australia." Tourism Economics 1, no. 2 (June 1995): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669500100203.
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The period since 1980 has seen unprecedented interest in Australia by Europeans, particularly from the UK, Germany and Italy. The importance of these nations, as well as of Europe as a whole, in terms of providing tourists to Australia, is the focus of this paper. More specifically, our aim is to generate demand models which seek to explain what determines tourism flows to Australia from Europe. To this end we build models of tourism demand which take into consideration the factors influencing tourism suggested by the literature. Our aim is to model total tourism flows from all European countries, as well as from the three largest providers of European visitors to Australia. Furthermore, we break down ‘total visits' into those visits for ‘holiday reasons' and ‘visiting relatives’; this gives us 12 different models to consider. Our analysis leads us to conclude that, in the case of all visits, whereas there is little difference between the all-Europe model and the UK model, there are important differences between these two models and the Germany and Italy models. A different pattern of results emerges when models of ‘holiday visits' and ‘visiting relatives' are regression tested for the all-Europe and country-specific models. The all-Europe models are then used for forecasting purposes and achieve mixed success.
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WALTON, JOHN K. "Another face of ‘mass tourism’: San Sebastián and Spanish beach resorts under Franco, 1936–1975." Urban History 40, no. 3 (April 4, 2013): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926813000370.
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ABSTRACT:Histories of the ‘mass tourism’ of sunshine and beaches, and of the ‘package holiday’, in post-war Europe have tended to focus on the activities of big international companies and the role of governments. This has certainly been the case in Spain. This article recovers an earlier version of the urban history of coastal tourism in southern Europe, focusing on the resort of San Sebastián in the Spanish Basque Country, and thereby drawing attention to the neglected Atlantic dimension of Spanish coastal tourism. It then examines the responses of an established resort and summer capital to the new developments of the post-Civil War years, and shows how the decline of an older model of aristocratic tourism was counterbalanced by the development of new holiday markets and practices, many of which arose spontaneously beyond the regulatory and promotional gaze of the local authorities.
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Klieshchova, Oksana. "Ukrainian song phenomenon (on material of song «noise» performed by band «Go_A»)." Linguistics, no. 1 (43) (2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2021-1-43-77-87.
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Purpose: to investigate the Ukrainian song as means of consolidation of nation and find out, what the phenomenon of the song «Noise» performed by the band «Go_A» consists in. Research is carried out by means of descriptive method, it is made theoretical analysis of literature, critical analysis of researches, it is applied the method of selection and systematization of material, the method of supervision, synthesis. Folklorists have already been studying the song «Noise» over one hundred and fifty years: 1) it was investigated by М. Maksymovych, B. Hrinchenko, М. Hrushevskyi and others; 2) the «Noise» is a very old Ukrainian vesnianka (spring folk song) that originates from pre-christian times and rituals related to nature, with its spring awakening; 3) the «Noise» is personification: well-organized energy, green forest, character of noise of the first spring greenery, God of the forest. Haivka (spring song) is the ancient name of round dances that was saved yet from the time, when our ancestors carried out ceremonial songs and dances in the protected groves round sacred trees. Aboriginal vesnianky (spring folk songs)-haivky are syncretic – singing and motion, words and action, song and dance are combined in them. Phenomenon of the song «Noise» that was presented on a song competition Eurovision by the Ukrainian electro-folk band «Go_A», consists in that on a background of «sleek and inexpressive pop songs» that sounded mainly in English, Ukrainian performers, leaning against old Ukrainian folklore traditions, offered to Europe Ukrainian powerful and catching «spring hymn» in a style of techno, that was perceived with gladness and fascination by European listener audience. Thus, firstly, Ukrainian haivka (spring song) became a world hit in 2021; secondly, the band «Go_A», keeping national identity, popularizes Ukraine, Ukrainian language and Ukrainian song; thirdly, it consolidates Ukrainian society; fourthly, it engages young people in patriotic education. Summarizing, it is possible to establish with confidence: 1) Ukrainian language and Ukrainian song are indivisible as they are organically interdependent and are the basic criteria of originality of nation; 2) the Ukrainian song as well as language unites nation; 3) we found out, firstly, that the old Ukrainian vesnianka (spring folk song) «Noise» became the basis of the song «Noise» of the Ukrainian band «Go_A»; secondly, we made sure that vesnianky (spring folk songs) and haivky (spring songs) were not identical concepts, as varieties of vesnianky (spring folk songs) are haivky – songs that were performed only in time of the Easter holidays; vesnianky (spring folk songs) are a cycle of spring songs that are sung from the Annunciation.