Journal articles on the topic 'Holiday hunger'
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Machin, Richard James. "Understanding holiday hunger." Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 24, no. 3 (October 26, 2016): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/175982716x14689202610267.
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Simpson, Fiona. "Holiday hunger funding plans." Children and Young People Now 2020, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2020.12.15.
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Stretesky, Paul B., Margaret Anne Defeyter, Michael A. Long, Liesel A. Ritchie, and Duane A. Gill. "Holiday Hunger and Parental Stress: Evidence from North East England." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 4141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104141.
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Summer is a stressful time of year for many parents as they struggle to meet household expenses and feed children. The aim of the present study is to determine if there is an association between summertime food insecurity (i.e., holiday hunger) and parental stress among a sample of UK parents with school age children living in North East England. A cross-sectional sample of (n = 252) parents are analyzed using holiday hunger as the independent variable and a subjective measure of stress that treats summer as a ‘stressful event’ as the dependent variable. Of the parents in the sample, 64.8% reported at least some level of holiday hunger. We find parents facing any holiday hunger scored substantively higher on the overall 75-point Impact of Event Scale (mean difference = 30.4, 95% confidence interval ((CI) 24.2–36.6), the 35-point intrusion subscale (13.7, 95% CI 10.8–16.5), and the 40-point avoidance subscale (16.7, 95% CI 13.3–20.2). These findings are replicated in a regression analysis. In addition, we find that holiday hunger partially mediates the association between economic hardship (i.e., unemployment and poverty) and parental stress. We conclude by suggesting that government policies addressing economic hardship are not only likely to reduce holiday hunger, but also improve mental wellbeing.
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Holley, Clare E., Carolynne Mason, and Emma Haycraft. "Opportunities and Challenges Arising from Holiday Clubs Tackling Children’s Hunger in the UK: Pilot Club Leader Perspectives." Nutrients 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11061237.
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With the school holidays being recognised as a high-risk time for children to experience food insecurity, there is a growing prevalence of school holiday initiatives that include free food. However, information is lacking into what constitutes effective practice in their delivery, and how this can be evaluated. This paper provides insight from individuals who implemented a pilot of a national project which provided free food for children at UK community summer holiday sports clubs in 2016. Focus groups were conducted with all 15 leaders of the holiday clubs that participated in the pilot to understand: (1) what opportunities are provided by community holiday sports clubs which include free food; (2) what challenges arose as a result of offering free food within a broader community holiday club sports offer. Results indicate that offering free food at such clubs creates multiple opportunities for attending children, including: experiencing social interactions around food; enhancing food experiences and food confidence; and promoting positive behaviour. However, free food provision is associated with challenges including resource constraints and tensions around project aims. Future work should determine whether holiday clubs can positively impact children’s wellbeing and healthy eating.
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Morgan, Kelly, G. Melendez-Torres, Amy Bond, Jemma Hawkins, Gillian Hewitt, Simon Murphy, and Graham Moore. "Socio-Economic Inequalities in Adolescent Summer Holiday Experiences, and Mental Wellbeing on Return to School: Analysis of the School Health Research Network/Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey in Wales." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2019): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071107.
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The socioeconomic inequalities found in child and adolescent mental wellbeing are increasingly acknowledged. Although interventions increasingly focus on school holidays as a critical period for intervention to reduce inequalities, no studies have modelled the role of summer holiday experiences in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in wellbeing. For this study, we analysed survey data of 103,971 adolescents from 193 secondary schools in Wales, United Kingdom, which included measures of family affluence, experiences during the summer holidays (hunger, loneliness, time with friends and physical activity) and mental wellbeing and internalising symptoms on return to school. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. Although family affluence retained a direct inverse association with student mental wellbeing (r = −0.04, p < 0.001), 65.2% of its association with mental wellbeing was mediated by the experiences over the summer holidays. FAS score was not directly associated with the student’s self-reports of internalising symptoms (r = 0.00, p > 0.05). Of all summer holiday experiences, the strongest mediational pathway was observed for reports of loneliness. Although more structural solutions to poverty remain essential, school holiday interventions may have significant potential for reducing socioeconomic inequalities in mental health and wellbeing on young people’s return to school through reducing loneliness, providing nutritious food and opportunities for social interaction.
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Denning, Stephanie. "The effect of volunteering upon volunteers’ Christian faith: Food poverty and holiday hunger." Geoforum 119 (February 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.12.014.
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Denning, Stephanie. "Voluntary sector responses to food poverty: responding in the short term and working for longer-term change." Voluntary Sector Review 10, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204080519x15698349753281.
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In this paper I respond to the question of whether voluntary sector responses to food poverty in the UK are a sticking plaster without addressing the causes of food poverty. I do so by drawing on a case study of a holiday hunger project and I reflect on three principles: being relational, encouraging participation and working for justice. I conclude with three recommendations for how voluntary sector organisations can work towards both short- and longer-term responses to food poverty.
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Lambie-Mumford, Hannah, and Lily Sims. "‘Feeding Hungry Children’: The Growth of Charitable Breakfast Clubs and Holiday Hunger Projects in the UK." Children & Society 32, no. 3 (April 6, 2018): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12272.
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Степанова, Ольга Борисовна. "HUNGER AMONG THE NORTHERN SELKUPS." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(30) (December 30, 2020): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2020-4-128-137.
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В статье исследуется голод — одно из частых явлений прошлого северных селькупов: рассматривается периодичность голодовок, определяются группы селькупского общества, наиболее подверженные регулярному недоеданию, вскрываются причины голода. В результате исследования автор приходит к следующим выводам. Голод селькупы переживали ежегодно, в зимне-весенний период, когда доедались все запасы, сделанные на зиму. Летом и осенью пища запасалась селькупами в недостаточном количестве. Причина этого кроется в селькупском национальном характере, которому не были присущи такие качества, как запасливость и расчетливость. Большого числа заготовок селькупы не делали также из-за кочевого образа жизни. Заканчивался сезонный голод с прилетом весенних перелетных птиц. После коллективной охоты на них устраивался праздник и всеобщее пиршество, на котором селькупы первый раз в году наедались досыта. Вслед за утками возвращалась рыба — основная летне-осенняя пища селькупов. В голодный зимне-весенний период селькупы жили охотой, но полноценная охота была невозможна для безоленных селькупов, так как она требовала выезда в места, где водился пушной зверь, или проходили миграции дикого оленя. Охотничья добыча часто не оправдывала надежды селькупов, поскольку зависела от капризов природы — миграций объектов промысла, сильных морозов, «урожайности» текущего года на зверя и т. д. Кроме кочевого образа жизни, особенностей национального характера и неудачной охоты у селькупского голода была еще одна социально-экономическая причина. Русские чиновники, представители православной церкви, купцы и торговцы, а также собственная родовая знать эксплуатировали, спаивали и при торговых сделках обманывали селькупов. Учрежденные государством хлебозапасные магазины, призванные не допустить голода у населения Туруханского края, лишь усугубили положение селькупов, сделав их вечными должниками казне. Голоду была подвержена подавляющая — бедняцкая — часть селькупского общества. Селькупы не боролись с голодом, а смиренно переживали его, для чего у них имелось несколько пассивных методов, к которым относились «ожидание весны», особая голодная «диета», родственная и неродственная взаимопомощь. Голод в том виде, в каком он переживался селькупами, может считаться одной из селькупских традиционных хозяйственных практик. The article examines one of the frequent phenomena of the past of the northern Selkups — famine; the frequency of hunger strikes is examined, the groups of the Selkup society most susceptible to regular malnutrition are identified, and the causes of hunger are revealed. As a result of the research, the author comes to the following conclusions. The Selkups experienced famine annually, in the winter-spring period, then all the reserves made for the winter were consumed. In summer and autumn, the Selkups stored food in insufficient quantities. This is due to the Selkup national character, which was not characterized by such qualities as thrifty and prudent. The Selkups also did not make a large number of procurements because of the nomadic way of life. The seasonal famine ended with the arrival of spring migratory birds. After a collective hunt for them, a holiday and a general feast were arranged, at which the Selkups ate their fill for the first time in a year. After the ducks, fish returned — the main summer-autumn food of the Selkups. During the hungry winter-spring period, the Selkups lived by hunting, but full-fledged hunting was impossible for the deerless Selkups, since they required going to places where fur-bearing animals lived, or wild reindeer migrated. Hunting success often did not meet the expectations of the Selkups, since it depended on the whims of nature — migrations of fishing objects, severe frosts, the «yield» of the current year for the animal, etc. In addition to the nomadic way of life, peculiarities of national character and unsuccessful hunting, the Selkup famine had another socio-economic reason. The Selkups were exploited, drunk and deceived in commercial transactions by Russian officials, representatives of the Orthodox Church, merchants and traders, as well as their own clan nobility. Bakeries established by the state, designed to prevent hunger among the population of the Turukhansk region, only exacerbated the situation of the Selkups, making them eternal debtors to the treasury. The overwhelming part of the Selkup society was exposed to hunger. The Selkups did not fight hunger, but humbly endured it, for which they had several passive methods, which included «waiting for spring», a special hungry "diet", kindred and non-kindred mutual assistance. Hunger in the form in which it was experienced by the Selkups can be considered one of the Selkup traditional economic practices.
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Владыкина, Татьяна Григорьевна. "Food Symbolism in Udmurt Folklore." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.3.011.
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Фольклор удмуртов содержит весьма значимый по богатству символики напитков и еды материал. Удмуртский язык и обрядовые традиции до сегодняшнего дня сохранили архаические представления о магической связи праздничной культуры и ритуальных напитков/еды (юондыр - время пития/пиршества). Показательно присутствие в названиях праздников, знаменующих календарно важные периоды зимнего (Вожо-дыр - зимние Святки) и летнего (Инвожо - летние Святки) солнцестояния, номинации хмельного напитка сур (пиво): Толсур - зимнее пиво / зимний праздник; Куарсур - лиственное пиво / летний праздник. Компонент «пиво» в значении «праздник», под влиянием старообрядческой культуры исторически замененный на другой хмельной напиток - брагу, сохранен и в названии осенних молодежных посиделок на севере Удмуртии - ныл-брагá (девичья брага / девичий праздник). Здесь же зафиксирован термин шыд-сион (поедание супа / угощение супом) как понятие ритуальной трапезы в виде отдельной составляющей всего обрядового комплекса в контексте календарных и семейных обрядов. Символика напитков и еды, представление о празднике как о сакральной ситуации более всего проявлены в застольных гостевых песнях, звучащих во время обхода домов родственников. Песни исполнялись на соответствующий обряду знаковый напев и были способом и средством выражения чувств участников обряда: пиетета перед богами, благодарности и любви к родственникам. С символикой образов напитков и еды в ритуальных гостевых песнях перекликаются устойчивые образы заклинаний-молитв - куриськон’ов. Древнейший пласт образов восходит к простейшему комплексу понятий «питья» и «еды» (сиён-юон/шыд-нянь - еда-питие/суп-хлеб) и соотнесен не только с удовлетворением физиологических потребностей - жажды и голода, но также представляет собой символ духовного благополучия. Со временем эти понятия обогащаются смысловыми оттенками «угощения»/яств и становятся символами «радости», «удовольствия», «праздника», «пиршества», «общения» с богами, близкими, единокровными людьми - родственниками (ср. рус. «хлеб-соль»). Udmurt folklore contains rich material on the symbolism of drinks and food. The Udmurt language and ritual traditions have preserved archaic ideas of the magic connection between festival culture and ritual drinks/food (“yuondyr” means both time for a drink and time for a feast). It is significant that the names of holidays that mark important calendar periods in winter (“Vozho-dyr” - winter Yule) and summer solstice (“Invozho” - summer Yule) contain names of an alcohol drink (“sur” - beer): “Tolsur” means winter beer or winter festival; “Kuarsur” means leaf beer or summer festival. The component “beer,” also meaning “festival,” which under the influence of the Old Believers was substituted for another alcoholic drink (“braga”), is also preserved in the name of autumn youth gatherings in the North of Udmurtia (“nyl-braga” - maiden braga or maiden holiday). Here also the term “shyd sion” (the eating of soup) has been recorded as meaning both ritual feast and a component of the entire ritual complex. The symbolism of drinks and food and the idea of the holiday as a sacred phenomenon is most clearly shown in the guest songs that are performed during house-to-house visits by relatives. These are sung to a popular ritual melody and are a way to express the feelings of the ritual’s participants: piety to the gods and gratitude and love for relatives. In ritual guest songs, standard images from incantation-prayers (“kuris’kon”) echo with the symbolism of drinks and food. The most ancient stratum of images derive from a simple set of terms denoting drink and food (“sion-yuon” and “shyd-nyan” - food-drink and soup-bread) and not only correlates with satisfying of physiological human needs (thirst and hunger), but also symbolizes spiritual well-being. Over time these terms have been enriched with various shades of meaning having to do with “treating” with food and drink and suggest “joy,” “enjoyment,” “festival,” “feast,” and “fellowship” - with the gods, with the near and dear, or with consanguineous relatives (cf. the Russian “bread-salt”).
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Kürti, László. "“DO YOU WANT TO BE KRAMPUS?” Santa Claus, globality and locality of Christmas tradition." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2020-0010.
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Abstract In this paper the author argues that the Christmas holidays, notwithstanding their international standing as a religious and commercial season, are most productively understood as a glocal phenomena, a concept intended to link the local with the global in a dialectics of homogenization and particularism. Juxtaposing data from Hungary and Eastern Europe, the author provides an anthropological analysis that highlights the transformative power Christmas traditions and Santa Claus have played in diverse cultural settings since the late twentieth-century. For even the imposition of communist ideology, conceived as a globalizing force, failed to eradicate images of Santa Claus; both his persona and that of his devilish imp, Krampus, survived such ruthless attempts at indoctrination with only the slightest of modifications. In view of its economic and cultural significance, this paper argues in favor of international recognition of Saint Nicholas day, December 6th, as a glocal civil holiday.
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Zonda, Tamás, KÁroly Bozsonyi, Elõd Veres, David Lester, and Michael Frank. "The Impact of Holidays on Suicide in Hungary." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 58, no. 2 (March 2009): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.58.2.e.
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The suicide rate on religious and public holidays was examined for 133,699 suicides for Hungary for the period 1970–2002. For both men and women, more suicides were committed on Monday, while fewer were committed on the weekends. More suicides occurred on New Year's Day than expected. On Christmas Day and on Easter Sunday and Monday, suicides were less frequent only for men, a result consistent with Durkheim's theory. There was less evidence for Gabennesch's broken promise effect on the days after the holidays. National holidays had no impact on the frequency of suicide.
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Vashchenko, Daria Yu. "Croats among Hungarians: the grape harvest festival." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.12.
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The study is based on interviews collected in the course of field ethnolinguistic research in 2019 from Croats living in Hungary in the vicinity of Szombathei. The article deals with the grape harvest festival called trgadba, or surety. Testimonies from local Croatians are analysed against the background of the corresponding Hungarian tradition, as well as in the context of socio-historical processes that took place in the region in the twentieth century. For the sake of comparison, data on the grape harvest holiday in neighbouring Slovakia is used. Special attention is paid to the perception of the holiday by the Croat population, and their qualification of it as their own / alien, and primordial / new. Some local Croatians believe the celebration of the grape harvest to be some conventional semi-official holiday that has no support in local tradition, linking it with the Hungarian nature of the holiday, as well as the fact that, under Socialism, the vineyards were nationalised and the tradition broken. Others qualify the holiday as a novelty of recent times. It is shown that for the region as a whole, the holiday is an innovation going back to the late nineteenth century and since then has been considered an urban fashion. Attempts to develop wine tourism in the region and integrate the Croatian villages of Burgenland into the so-called wine roads have not yet met any significant support among residents, and the grape harvest festival has a conditional and rather formal character for them which is not associated with their own ethnocultural identity.
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DARABOS, Ferenc, Csaba KŐMÍVES, and Elisabeta Ilona MOLNAR. "EXAMINATION OF HOLIDAY HABITS IN HUNGARY, WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO RURAL TOURISM." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 44, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44427-959.
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The paper aims to examine the demand for rural tourism, targeting the design of offers following the period of the pandemic. The topic of the present study, is the examination of the holiday habits of the Hungarian population focusing on rural tourism. Following the theoretical background regarding rural tourism, rural tourism destination and tourism motivation, the primary research investigates the holiday habits of various age groups and the differences between these, the frequency of traveling and planned overstays, and the optional programs as recreational and gastronomic activities, their willingness to spend for the offers that form an integral part of the rural tourism. The survey method was chosen and the respondents were assigned via a random sample. The collected data was processed via IBM SPSS 25 program, in which unary and binary operations, correlation analysis was done. The study highlights that there is a high demand for rural tourism in the countryside in the post-pandemic period, is a general need for recreation irrespective of age, educational background, or residence. The respondents would participate in a genuine rural program irrespective of age, educational background, or residence. It was also proven that there is a significant difference between the travelling frequency of the various groups, according to which, the middle-aged respondents travel most frequently to the countryside, followed by the seniors and the youth.
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Stafford, William B. "Editorial." Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/jitp.v6i1.3848.
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William Purkey has referred to that period of time between the Christmas holidays and the arrival of spring as the “long death march of bleak and weary days.” With the possible exception of skiers and snowboard enthusiasts, most of us look forward to the renewal and the warmer climes of spring. Ah, spring, indeed! With the arrival of spring, we bring you new offerings in the JITP for your consideration. In the past, some have lamented the paucity of research articles in the journal. This issue brings nourishment for those who hunger for such offerings. Two thought-provoking articles dealing with research issues in invitational education provide additional understanding, and inevitably raise new questions.
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Kürti, László. "Neoshamanism, National Identity and the Holy Crown of Hungary." Journal of Religion in Europe 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-00802001.
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This article analyzes state, national identity and religious revivalism by focusing on Hungarian neoshamanism and its connection to Hungary’s prized national symbol, the Holy Crown. In contrast to neoshamanic practices in the 1990s, the newly emergent forms of neoshamanism in Hungary have been incorporated into mainstream celebrations and major national holidays. How this happened and the underlying causes deserve serious scholarly scrutiny. By analyzing recent trends, new forms of state and alternative religious spheres are identified as coalescing into a new neoshamanistic religion in Hungary.
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Aalders, Maarten J. "groot Nederlander." Acta Neerlandica, no. 15 (July 10, 2020): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36392/actaneerl/2019/15/6.
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This article dives into a part of the life and personal history of J.P.Ph. Clinge Fledderus (1870-1946), consul of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, who played a crucial role in organizing relief for Hungary in the Interbellum and the organization of the possibilities for Hungarian children to recover from the effects of post-war famine and malaise after the First World War by giving them a holiday of some months in the Netherlands. A commemorative marble plaque for him still can be found on the front of the building at the Üllői út 4 in Budapest.
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Könyves, Erika, and Éva Suta. "The importance of equestrian tourism enterprises in tourism destination management in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 3, no. 3-4 (September 30, 2009): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2009/3-4/5.
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Hungary is the pioneer of the European Equestrian Tourism. Several thousands foreign tourists visited specific equestrian programmes already in the 1960’s and 1970’s.At the same times some hundred thousands of holiday tourists visited equestrian shows and programs organised in different areas of our country. From the beginning of the 1990’s equestrian enterprises (pensions, stables, specialized equestrian services) have been established. The equestrian tourism enterprises are well represented all over the country.They are well organised, the Hungarian EquestrianTourism Association integrates 80% of equestrian tourism enterprises. Uniquely in Europe, the voluntary professional qualification, called “the horseshoe qualification system” started in 1998. The most common quality categories are for entrepreneurs are 3 or 2 or 1 horseshoe. The system ofTourism Destination Management organizations could provide the background for the development of equestrian tourism enterprises as well.At local level these needs would be product development, the quality control and quality management, at regional level the most important aims could be the development of regional equestrian image and increasing the attractiveness of this image, finally hardening the positions of equestrian tourism destination.
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Müllerová, Monika, Karol Holý, Iveta Smetanová, and Patrícia Kureková. "VARIATION OF RADON ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN SELECTED KINDERGARTENS IN SLOVAKIA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 186, no. 2-3 (November 11, 2019): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz240.
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Abstract Radon measurements were carried out in four kindergartens in Slovakia. RSKS detectors (Radosys Ltd., Hungary) and RamaRn (SUJCHBO, Czech Republic) were used for integral measurement in indoor air. AlphaGUARD (Saphymo, Germany) and TERA system (Tesla, Czech Republic) were used for continual measurement in indoor air. An annual variation with a maximum during the summer holidays was observed. Daily variation strongly depended on the ventilation of rooms. The average radon activity concentration per unit of time calculated from integral measurements was higher than that calculated for working time only.
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Mátyás, Szabolcs, Panna Tokodi, Vince Vári, and Miklós Tihanyi. "Investigation of Certain Components of Tourism Safety in the Visegrád Countries." Internal Security 13, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2902.
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Before 2019, tourism around the world was breaking records in numbers every year. If we compare the number of people involved in tourism with the values of a few decades ago, we can witness an amazing development. Concerning all four countries (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia) we can say that the historical roots are very similar. Still, at the same time, they have taken a specific and, in many cases, separate paths to reach the current level of development.The World Tourism Organisation does not consider Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia as a separate touristic region. However, considering the current touristic trends, we can say that more and more people arriving from far-away places look at this area as one region. During their holiday, they visit several countries. Those working in the field of tourism mostly speak the most common world languages. It is not easy to use exact indicators of the local population’s helpfulness, but most Europeans can be said to be understanding and helpful to tourists. The current study aims to introduce and analyse the current trends of tourism safety of the V4 countries.
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CSAPÓ, JÁNOS, ANDRÁS TÖRZSÖK, and ISTVÁN GALAMBOS. "THE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN HUNGARY BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS – THE CHALLENGES OF REORGANISING AND REPOSITIONING TOURISM." Hungarian Studies 33, no. 2 (December 2019): 385–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2019.33.2.11.
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In 1920 the Treaty of Trianon concluding WWI caused the Hungarian Kingdom to lose not only two-thirds of its area and population, but the country’s most important tourism destinations as well. This is the reason why the “domestic values” of the country were valorised in the following period in terms of tourism. Both the remaining tourism supply and the demand had to face significant changes; for instance, the paying guest system was introduced in Hungary at the time in question. Some new investments were made from 1922 onwards in these destinations, such as the establishment of holiday camps and hotels, but the development of tourism was primarily supported through government regulations and the creation of national and regional tourism authorities. Due to these investments and innovations the interwar period became a flourishing era for domestic tourism.
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Ispán, Ágota Lídia. "Venues of Recreation in a Former Socialist Town." Ethnographica et Folkloristica Carpathica, no. 24 (September 5, 2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47516/ethnographica/24/2022/11389.
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In Hungary 10–14 towns were classified as socialist towns. In 1953 the construction of the would-be Leninváros (present day Tiszaújváros) was started. The town planners laid stress on building facilities for the relaxation and recreation of people and parks, playgrounds, beaches and holiday homes were available for everyone. However, the public places designated as recreational facilities for the inhabitants of the town, which was intended to be an idealistic one, did not satisfy their needs. They preferred to spend their free time in their ‘household plots’ in town. Small gardens and garages complemented a lot of apartments in panel blocks, thus increasing the available living space in a special manner. These “private properties” mostly had the function whose mass demand was unexpected for the planners of the city. The author describes how they helped residents, who often had a village background, making the socialist type of town more liveable.
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Pakhomova, Lidia. "The Day of Annexion of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the periodicals of Austria Hungary." A day in the calendar. Celebrations and memorial days as an instrument of national consolidation in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century, no. 1 (2019): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2018.1.9.
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The article explores the ways in which the day of annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was commemorated in the press of the Habsburg Monarchy. The choice of German-language newspapers from various parts of Austro-Hungary was determined by the fact that the German language can be considered one of the key unifying factors within the empire. German-language newspapers and other periodicals were published all over Cisleithania, in the Hungarian part, for instance in Zagreb and Budapest, and in Bosnia itself. The analysis of publications from 1908–1918 shows that while commemoration of the event was relatively widespread during the first two years of the period, after 1911 the annexation of the formerly occupied provinces was largely forgotten. The author suggests the possible reasons why a commemorative event never became a tradition, namely that the annexation itself was not particularly notable for the Austro-Hungarian society since Bosnia and Herzegovina had already been controlled by AustroHungary for nearly 30 years and were de-facto a part of the empire. Other possible reasons include the annexation crisis and the military threat of 1908–1909, the international conflicts of 1911–1913 and also the proximity of the annexation date to a state holiday, that is Francis Joseph’s Name Day, 4 October.
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Gradaleva, Ekaterina А. "HORSE FESTIVALS AND HORSES AT FESTIVALS: THE ROLE OF TRADITION IN MODERN BRITAIN." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 40 (2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/40/3.
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The image of a horse appears in many spheres of the British culture and in each case it has a special symbolic meaning. It is important to notice that the symbolic meaning is more essential in the British mentality than the material one. Festivals can be one of the spheres where we can observe the versatility and historical meaning of the horse image. On the one hand, horses as real animals play a significant role in various events: horse competitions, horse shows, parades, royal ceremonies, etc. On the other hand, there is also personification of fancy images of horses at British festivals. Different types of horse figures (hobby horses) take part at certain events. Each of them has its own history and is strongly connected to the location. The most famous horse event is horseracing taking place all over the country. There are 60 race tracks in Great Britain for this occasion. Horseracing appeared here in the XIV century. Soon the British worked out the rules for this event and they are current even today. Horseracing is not just sport for this nation, but a real holiday. Long ago Edward VII marked that it is “a garden party with racing tacked on”. So, for some people horseracing is a week of competitions among the best thoroughbred horses and for the others (ladies mostly) it is the opportunity to compete with each other in hat and dress design. It is significant to understand the difference between the notions “horseracing”, “horse competitions”, “horse show”. The first means classic racing which we have just discussed. Horse competitions are 10 international types of games approved by the International Federation of Equestrian Sports. A horse show is a festival holding the exhibition of the best breeds of horses and some types of competitions (e.g., show jumping, working hunter). One of the best known events is the Royal Windsor Horse Show which takes place every year in Windsor Home Park. It is always attended by the Royal Family. Another example is the Hyde Park festival aiming at choosing the Horse of the Year. Also, January 1 is the Day of Thoroughbred horses in Great Britain. It is a real holiday with the most unusual dishes for these animals (e.g. a Cheltenham pie 2018 made of hay, apples and carrots). At a number of British events horses play an important role, though they are not in the limelight. These are royal weddings, parades and a coronation. The Queen carriage is always carried by the Windsor Greys. There is even a statue to honour them in Windsor. These horses are also pictured at the Royal mail stamp. Personification of fancy images of horses can be seen at various British Festivals (16 in England, 3 in Wales, 1 on the Isle of Man): Padstow Hobby Horse Festival, Banbury Hobby Horse Festival, Minehead Hobby Horse Festival, Dunster Hobby Horse Festival, Hoodening, The Hunting of the Earl of Rone, Morris Dance, etc. The majority of them take place in the days of national holidays including Christmas, New Year, May Day, Halloween. Moreover, some pagan rites that deal with the image of a horse still exist in Great Britain. There is the festival to honour Epona who is a Celtic horse goddess (December, 18). The Welsh horse goddess Rhiannon is connected with the image of Mari Lwyd appearing in New Year events. The Irish horse goddess Macha is honoured at the festivals Lughnasa (August, 1) and Samhain (November, 1). Significantly, a horse is presented at festivals as a funny hero of a performance endowed with human traits, a friend to a person, and it is far from being a work animal. The image of a horse is more of a cultural value than a natural phenomenon.
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Erukudi, Locha, and Paul Edabu. "Influence of the Balanced Diet on Enrolment in ECE Centres in Turkana Central Sub County, Turkana County, Kenya." East African Journal of Education Studies 2, no. 1 (November 22, 2020): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.2.1.238.
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School Feeding Programmes (SFP) were created for the purpose of eradicating hunger, supporting education, health and development. Although SFP is offered in Kenya, approximately 55% of children in do not go to school. According to CBS, roughly 50% of ECDE children do not attend school in Turkana Central Constituency. Therefore, the introduction of SFP in schools was envisioned to improve enrolment in schools. This study sought to establish the influence of SFP on children enrolment in early childhood education centres in Turkana Central Sub-County, Kenya. The specific objective was to determine the influence of the balanced diet on student enrolment in ECE centres in Turkana Central Sub County, Kenya. The study was based on program. The study used a mixed research method. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 250 schools, 78 teachers and headteachers and 5,000 parents in pre-schools in Turkana Central Sub County. The study used purposive sampling to select respondents. The sample size of the study was 150 schools, 60 teachers and headteachers and 357 parents. Primary data was gathered by the use of questionnaires and interview guides. Secondary data consisted of report forms of pre-schoolers. Quantitative information was analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Multiple regression was done to analyse the influence of SFPs on children enrolment in ECDE centres the county. The study found that a balanced diet positively relates to children enrolment in ECE centres in Turkana Central Sub County. The study therefore recommends the government to increase food supply to ensure adequacy. There is a need to continue the supply of balanced diet to children because it improves their growth and learning. Some of the children are from very poor families and during school holidays they suffer because of lack of food; the study, therefore, recommends orphans, poor and disabled to be fed even during holidays.
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Milošević, Marko, Goran Anđelić, Slobodan Vidaković, and Vladimir Đaković. "The influence of holiday effect on the rate of return of emerging markets: a case study of Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 2354–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638281.
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Hakala, Laura. "The Girl’s Cause: Confederate Girlhood in Uncle Buddy’s Gift Book for the Holidays and Ellen Hunter: A Story of the War." Children's Literature 43, no. 1 (2015): 22–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.2015.0017.
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Béki, Piroska, Tímea Vágó, and Dóra Lasztovicza. "The present of equine tourism in Hungary in reflection to an empirical research." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/1/3.
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In the last years the necessity of developing equine tourism in Hungary has been called for by experts. Moreover, the government has spent a significant amount on constructing equestrian facilities all around the country, and has published equestrian brochures in order to attract foreign guests. On the contrary, little attention is paid to equestrian life inside Hungary, though it would be essential to create a Hungarian equestrian audience, so that more and more horse riders could regularly exercise different riding activities. A more economical operation of equestrian facilities is vital in order to achieve a busier domestic equestrian life, since it is currently self-supporting: it is covered exclusively by the incomes of horse riding. A reinforced financial support of the sector, however, would provide countless additional advantages for the economy. Moreover, enriched riding opportunities drive people back to nature, promote environmental awareness, and provide regular horse riding opportunities for a high number of riders. The present study aims at introducing an empirical survey research in the framework of which participants of Hungarian equestrian life and their features of touristic demand were investigated. The results of the research show that Hungarians riding on a regular basis are mostly attracted by affordable European riding holidays and riding study visits.
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KOCSIS, Zsófia. "Features of Student Employment in the Hungarian-Romanian Cross Border Area." Acta Didactica Napocensia 14, no. 1 (July 2021): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/adn.14.1.16.
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Abstract: The aim of the research is to examine student employment, which plays an important role in the lives of university students. According to previous research results, paid work is characterized by an increasing tendency, with occasional and holiday work being characteristic of students, as well as regular work during the semester too. Current research focuses on the characteristics of gainful employment in the Hungarian-Romanian border region. The database PERSIST 2019 (N = 2199) was used, the research took place in higher education institutions in the eastern region of Hungary and in higher education institutions bordering the country. We investigate the differences between the demographic, social and institutional backgrounds of working students. We also analyze the relationships between effectiveness, engagement and student employment. According to our results there are differences between the institutions both in the frequency of employment and in the horizontal fit of work. Hungarian students take up work more often than Romanian students, but study-related work is more typical for Romanian students. However, paid work does not hinder the academic performance of the students and the building of relationships within the institution, it even has a positive impact on the students' university career.
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Jenkins, Elwyn. "ROY CAMPBELL’S CHILDREN’S NOVEL, THE MAMBA’S PRECIPICE." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 34, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/895.
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Roy Campbell’s The mamba’s precipice (1953), a novel for children, is his only prose work of fiction. This article examines three aspects of the book, namely its autobigraphical elements; its echoes of Campbell’s friendship with the writers Laurie Lee and Laurens van der Post; and its parallels with other English children’s literature. Campbell based the story on the holidays his family spent on the then Natal South Coast, and he writes evocative descriptions of the sea and the bush. The accounts of feats achieved by the boy protagonist recall Campbell’s self-mythologising memoirs. There are similarities and differences between The mamba’s precipice and the way Van der Post wrote about Natal in The hunter and the whale (1967). Campbell’s novel in some respects resembles nineteenth-century children’s adventure stories set in South Africa, and it also has elements of the humour typical of school stories of the ‘Billy Bunter’ era and the cosy, mundane activities and dialogue common to other mid-century South African and English children’s books.
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Office, Editorial. "Letter from the Editors." Journal of Internal Medicine: Science & Art 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36013/jimsa.v3i1.76.
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Dear Colleagues! Our Authors and Friends!
New Year 2022 rushes towards humanity. This universal arrangement of life on our planet presupposes changes. Their essence is in hopes for the best.
We wish all of us not just hopes but confidence in the victory of good over evil, reasons over greed and cruelty. We hope that the Planet will overcome humankind's most severe viral attack – the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. We hope that the future brings us victories over epidemics, serious diseases, hunger, and lack of water. We hope that all types of violence, military conflicts, political, economic, religious confrontations will be stopped in a New Year.
We are opening the third year of our journal, which was focused on different aspects of medicine. Last year we published eight papers from seven countries experts, each substantially contributed to medicine. We talked about COVID-19 pandemic, vital pediatric problems, and adult medicine. We will continue our mission to support and distribute the most valuable medical knowledge in the New Year.
May the New Year celebrations bring only joy and harmony to your homes, souls, and the reasoning, which illuminate confidence in the future for our beautiful multinational green Planet - Earth!
"Every end is a new beginning…."
We wish you and your family a Happy Holidays!
We hope that your New Year will be filled with peace, new ideas, and success!
Editorial office
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Pintér, Gergo, and Imre Felde. "Awakening City: Traces of the Circadian Rhythm within the Mobile Phone Network Data." Information 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13030114.
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In this study, call detail records (CDR), covering Budapest, Hungary, are processed to analyze the circadian rhythm of the subscribers. An indicator, called wake-up time, is introduced to describe the behavior of a group of subscribers. It is defined as the time when the mobile phone activity of a group rises in the morning. Its counterpart is the time when the activity falls in the evening. Inhabitant and area-based aggregation are also presented. The former is to consider the people who live in an area, while the latter uses the transit activity in an area to describe the behavior of a part of the city. The opening hours of the malls and the nightlife of the party district are used to demonstrate this application as real-life examples. The proposed approach is also used to estimate the working hours of the workplaces. The findings are in a good agreement with the practice in Hungary, and also support the workplace detection method. A negative correlation is found between the wake-up time and mobility indicators (entropy, radius of gyration): on workdays, people wake up earlier and travel more, while on holidays, it is quite the contrary. The wake-up time is evaluated in different socioeconomic classes, using housing prices and mobile phones prices, as well. It is found that lower socioeconomic groups tend to wake up earlier.
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Wingfield, Nancy Meriwether. "Conflicting Constructions of Memory: Attacks on Statues of Joseph II in the Bohemian Lands after the Great War." Austrian History Yearbook 28 (January 1997): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800016362.
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In the wake of independence in October 1918, the leaders of Czechoslovakia designated a multitude of national symbols for the nascent state, among them a flag, an anthem, an emblem, coinage, holidays, and stamps. Czech (and Slovak) art, drama, literature, and music commemorated new heroes and resurrected national historic figures ignored under Austria-Hungary. In this break with the past, national memory helped legitimate the new Czechoslovakia through celebration of the anti-Habsburg leaders in the struggle for independence and through denigration of former Habsburg rulers. Some nationalist Czechs, particularly the Czech legionnaires who had served in the Czechoslovak Army Abroad during World War I, were not content with the simple construction or reconstitution of Czech national symbols, but demanded in addition the destruction of numerous symbols of Habsburg rule. Thus, physical representations of the Habsburg past, many of which were to be found in the German-populated border regions of the Bohemian lands, became targets of their opprobrium.
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Harrod, Andrew E. "Austrian Neutrality: The Early Years, 1955–1958." Austrian History Yearbook 41 (April 2010): 216–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809990154.
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Austria's status of neutrality contended with crises almost immediately after its founding along with the 1955 State Treaty. First, during the Soviet invasion of Hungary in October 1956, Austrian neutrality faced the threat of conflict when Soviet-Hungarian clashes spilled over into Austria. Then, in July 1958, Austrian neutrality contended with more benign, but nonetheless disturbing, provocations from the Cold War's Western superpower, the United States. As U.S. military planes transited Austria in broad daylight on their way to Lebanon, the cozy, covert Austro-American relationship became all too overt. Although many Austrians believed neutrality would end foreign (particularly Soviet) domination and would ensure an ultimate withdrawal from global upheavals, these events showed that neutrality by itself could not remove the strategic implications inherent in Austria's position in Cold War Central Europe. Indeed, partisan strategic calculations in both East and West had played a significant role in creating Austrian neutrality. As a result, preserving both Austria's neutrality and its links to the West required delicate maneuvering by a small, poorly defended country amid Cold War crosscurrents of Eastern threats and Western sympathies. Already in its early years, Austrian neutrality proved to be less of the holiday from history that many Austrians expected during the festive mood of May 1955.
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Domonkos, Endre. "The Impacts Of The Great Depression 1929-33 On Hungary’s Economy." Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, no. 1 (June 5, 2021): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33565/mksv.2021.01.01.
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The Great Depression of 1929-33 had serious consequences on Hungary’s economy. The Central and Eastern European countries, including Hungary were hit severely by the downturn of the wholesale prices as regards of agricultural products in international markets. Besides declining prices another major problem was that the industrialised countries introduced protectionist measures (customs duties and quotas). As a result of this process, market opportunities were constrained and later ceased to exist. The situation was further aggravated by the fact that the unfavourable gap between agrarian and industrial prices further widened in the 1920s. Although the crisis started to emerge in the agriculture, its effects were extended to the industry as well. Due to the lack of safe markets, heavy industrial branches declined sharply, whereas the volume of output fell modest in the light industry. The bankruptcy of the Austrian Credit Anstalt on 12th Mai 1931 adversely affected Hungary’s financial system. In order to overcome the difficulties, banking holiday was ordered by the government, which coupled with the suspension of all payments and the introduction of foreign exchange control. Foreign trade has changed significantly. In 1937, the share of Hungary’s export in Germany’s trade was 42 percent, which increased to more than 50 percent after the Anschluss. Thus, at the end of the 1930s, the Third Reich became the most important trade partner of Hungary. Thanks to favourable external conditions accompanied by the rearmament programme of Nazi Germany and state intervention, the performance of the Hungarian economy improved, and by 1937 it surpassed the pre-depression level. The Győr Programme, announced on 12th March 1938 with its military and infrastructural development contributed to the economic boom, which had positive impacts both in the heavy and light industrial branches.
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Németh, Kornél, Nóra Hegedűsné Baranyai, András Vincze, Nikoletta Tóth-Kaszás, and Erzsébet Péter. "Generational approaches to climate change with special regard to tourism and recreational habits - Results of a Hungarian survey." Society and Economy 44, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2021.00021.
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Abstract Although the issue of the coronavirus pandemic has temporarily overridden discussions on the impacts of climate change on tourism, they have not lost their relevance at all. The exposure of the tourism industry to these effects is indisputable. This study, conducted in 2019–2020, examined the perceptible impacts of climate change that generate further changes, and the issue of climate adaptation involving certain supply-side players in the tourism sector at the local and regional levels. In the questionnaire used to explore the topic, questions were asked about a number of perceptible phenomena and their effects on everyday life, recreational habits, and adaptation. The quantitative surveys involved 1,615 respondents from the Transdanubian region of Hungary (NUTS1/HU2). The results of the research clearly confirm that the problem of climate change is no longer a concern only for scientists, and although the different generations perceive and evaluate the phenomenon differently in many cases, it increasingly affects people’s everyday lives and recreational habits. The perceived effects experienced by the respondents clearly influence the enjoyment of certain tourism product groups (beach holidays, hiking, attending open-air events) and the comfort and satisfaction experienced by individuals.
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Vizi, László Tamás. "Az első magyar köztársaság születése: Budapest 1918. november 16." Acta Scientiarum Socialium, no. 48 (February 15, 2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33566/asc.2755.
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With the date of 16 November 1918, most people associate to the proclamation of the first Republic of Hungary at the Parliament, and certainly, the name of Mihály Károlyi comes to their minds. This is no coincidence, as that was undoubtedly the most massive event of the day. However, the relevant events in the sense of public law did not take place in the square in front of the Parlament, but inside its building. This relevant event was the last session and dissolution of the Parlament, that operated continously since 1910, and last session and closure of the Upper House, that resulted the end of the parliamentary procedure. On the same day, during the session of the Council of Ministers, the Government decided on the name of the country as well. The plenum defined the state form as People’s Republic. The Grand National Council, including the delegates of the county national councils, proclaimed the Republic during its first session in the Parlament’s House of Cups and adopted its first people's resolutions. At the same time declared that October 31 and November 16 would be national holidays.
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Magyar, Márton. "A survey on tourism experiences by Hungarian travellers: towards guest satisfaction." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/1/13.
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In the 21st century experiences got great significance in the every-day life and in tourism as well. Human popularity can achieve very good and happy moments e.g. by shopping (complex experience in shopping centres) by common spare time activities in the nature and in towns, also by having vacation at a special destination. Animation/entertainment is a sphere of hotel services that is to help the guests sparing their free time on holidays in a good atmosphere, by providing experienceful programs. Good memories of a tourism service can make guests satisfied and build a returning clientele sphere. That is why it is awaited to map the (potential) guests’ expectations and observations of services. This paper discusses Hungarian tourists’ experiences conducted in Hungary aiming to reveal the need for professional services focusing on the not-so-spread area, Animation. The experiential dimensions of every-day life and tourism was studied by an own-edited questionnaire (N = 1000) in the half-year period of 1st August 2010 – 31st January 2011. This study was extended by quality of life since summer 2011 and I am going to compare the results of these two surveys with the aim of development suggestions in order to achieve a main level of guest satisfaction and a loyal sphere of clientele.
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Zielińska-Szczepkowska, Joanna. "What Are the Needs of Senior Tourists? Evidence from Remote Regions of Europe." Economies 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9040148.
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Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe, with growth mostly centered in major cities and urban locations. Nevertheless, remote destinations can also offer tranquility and accessibility, as well as both unexploited and unknown development potential for active senior travelers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze, on the basis of information gathered from 1705 questionnaires, senior touristic behavior, including motivations and decision-making issues for senior travelers in 11 remote regions of nine European countries (Finland, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Spain, Ireland, and Greece). A mixed-methods approach was used to fulfill the research objectives. Both interviews and the survey method were applied to generate data from senior tourists. The present study will focus on the key factors explaining senior tourists’ motivations and barriers to travel. The results of surveys conducted within the TOURAGE project indicate the significant potential of remote regions in the development of senior tourism. For senior respondents, a very important reason for going on holiday is the possibility of enjoying rest and silence. Safety, nature, historical sites, quality of services, and easy transportation connections are the top five attraction factors for seniors when choosing a destination. At the same time, according to the interviews, among the important problems negatively influencing the size of the senior tourism market in remote regions are: difficulties in reaching seniors with tourist offers, a lack of promotion of local tourist products aimed at seniors, and finally a lack of financial resources for the implementation of local projects supporting the development of senior tourism.
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Müller, Anetta, Éva Bácsné Bába, Antonia Kinczel, Anikó Molnár, Judit Boda Eszter, Árpád Papp-Váry, and Jordán Tütünkov Hrisztov. "Recreational Factors Influencing the Choice of Destination of Hungarian Tourists in the Case of Bulgaria." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010151.
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In 1990, the countries of the V4 were the dominant sending countries to Bulgaria, which is why Bulgarians thought of targeting the sending market from these countries, not only with the product of mass tourism, but with a unique, four-season offer. In 1990, Hungary was Bulgaria’s third largest sending market; therefore, leisure trend studies are important as they can help to satisfy the needs of Hungarian tourists and attract them to the destination and increase their visitor satisfaction. The aim of our study is to examine the leisure time patterns and leisure preference system of Hungarian tourists, which is evident during their travels. This study examines the willingness of Hungarian tourists to travel to Bulgaria. According to the results of the secondary and primary research, the vast majority of Hungarian tourists travel to Bulgaria mainly for beach holidays, but, in addition to mass tourism, the country’s culture, history, ecotourism, health tourism, wine and gastronomy may represent further travel potential for Hungarian tourists. Having examined the attitudes of Hungarian tourists (n = 952), the study offers useful recommendations for Bulgarian tourism organizations and Bulgarian and Hungarian tour operators, as factor analysis is used to create groups belonging to factors that can be included as key target groups in publications promoting Bulgaria. Another aim of our study is to add new content to the traditional Bulgarian–Hungarian tourism relations.
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Sakhno, Natalya. "August 8 - International Day of Ophthalmology." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2008-10.
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Vision is one of the most important sensory organs through which a person cognizes the world. It is no coincidence that when people talk about something valuable, they turn to the phrase: "be the apple of one's eye." The eye is a fragile and complex organ that is easy enough to damage, but very difficult to heal. Ophthalmologists, especially those who perform surgeries, are real jewelers, masters of their business with truly gifted hands. Svyatoslav Fyodorov, the outstanding Soviet and Russian ophthalmologist, was a recognized genius, a real Guru in the world of eye microsurgery. As a practicing health professional he performed a number of unique operations that were included in textbooks on ophthalmology and ushered in a new era in the world of eye microsurgery, giving thousands of patients the hope of seeing this world again. He was the first in the Soviet Union to perform lens replacement surgery implanting artificial lens to a 10-year-old girl with congenital cataracts. Svyatoslav Fyodorov developed a methodology for the treatment of myopia using radial keratotomy, and a few years later he was the first in the world to perform surgery at an early stage of glaucoma. The first interdisciplinary scientific and technical complex “Eye Microsurgery” was created on the initiative of S. Fyodorov; later, such centers were opened in 11 cities of Russia. Svyatoslav Fyodorov died in a plane crash in 2000 when returning from an ophthalmological conference in Tambov. And a few years later, in 2004, it was proposed to celebrate the day of ophthalmology in the Russian Federation on the date of birthday of this outstanding professional. This initiative was supported by scientists from other countries – the Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Hungary. Since then ophthalmologists around the world celebrate their professional holiday on August 8 of every year.
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Glybovets, Victoria, and Yuliia Khvesyk. "THE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST STREAMS OF UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2012 TO 2017." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 64 (2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2021.64.21-28.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamics of tourist streams between Ukraine and other countries of the world, as well as to identify the factors that influence the development of international tourism most of all. Research methodology. The most important statistical indicators that characterize tourist streams are the number of Ukrainians who visited other countries for tourist purposes and the number of tourists - citizens of other countries, who arrived in Ukraine. In our study of the tourist streams of Ukraine the mathematical indicator that reflects the features of tourist streams and their socio-economic importance for the development of international tourism in the country, namely the coefficient of tourist exchanges, was used. Selected for the research were the countries visited by more than 50 thousand tourists from Ukraine for at least 2 years in a row. The total number of the tourists includes persons who travelled for official, tourism, and private purposes (without vehicle servicing personnel and servicemen). Results of the research. Most tourists from Ukraine go to neighboring countries, namely to Russia, Moldova, Belarus, Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Turkey. Turkey is a popular holiday destination among Ukrainians, because it's close to Ukraine and can provide tourists with a good service. It is necessary to take into account the fact that a large number of Ukrainians work abroad, mainly in Europe, as well as in Russia. When these people leave for a foreign country, they can state their visit is private, not working; therefore, they are mistakenly defined as tourists. The donor countries of tourists who come to Ukraine are (the coefficient tends to "1") Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and the United States. The countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists are the (coefficient tends to "-1") United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Cyprus, Spain, Greece, Austria, Turkey, and Poland. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the coefficient of tourist exchanges of Ukraine in relation to 29 countries of the world for 2012 and 2017 was calculated. The donor countries of tourists coming to Ukraine, as well as the countries for which Ukraine is a donor of tourists were identified. Practical significance. It is to reveal the fact that Ukraine is a donor country for tourists. Given the fact that Ukraine is rich in tourist resources, over time, using the experience of tourist countries around the world, it can change this status and receive more foreign tourists.
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Furu, Enikő, Anikó Angyal, Zoltán Szoboszlai, Enikő Papp, Zsófia Török, and Zsófia Kertész. "Characterization of Aerosol Pollution in Two Hungarian Cities in Winter 2009–2010." Atmosphere 13, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040554.
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In this study, atmospheric particulate matter (APM) pollution was compared in urban background sites of two cities in Hungary—namely the capital Budapest and Debrecen—by analyzing daily aerosol samples collected between 8 December 2009 and 18 March 2010. Concentration, elemental composition, including BC, and sources of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) aerosol pollution, as well as their variation due to meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities, were determined for both cities. The average PM2.5 concentrations were 22 μg/m3 and 17 μg/m3 in Budapest and Debrecen, respectively. In the case of PM10, the mean concentration was 32 μg/m3 in Budapest and 23 μg/m3 in Debrecen. The concentration of the coarse fraction decreased significantly over the weekends compared to working days. The number of exceedances of the WHO recommended limit value for PM2.5 (15 μg/m3) were 67 in Budapest and 46 in Debrecen, which corresponds to 73% and 50% of the sampling days, respectively. At the time of the exceedances the daily average temperature was below freezing. The average PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 70% and 75% for the two sites, indicating the dominance of the fine fraction aerosol particles during the study period. Elements of natural origin (Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ba) and chlorine were found to be dominant in the coarse fraction, while elements of anthropogenic origin (S, K, Cu, Zn, Pb) were characteristic to the fine fraction. Similar concentrations were measured in the two cities in the case of S which originates from regional transport and K which serves as a tracer for biomass combustion. Traffic-related elements were present in 2–3 times higher concentrations in Budapest. The episodic peaks in the Cl time series could be attributed to salting after snowfalls. The following sources of APM pollution were identified by using the EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 receptor model: soil, traffic, road dust, secondary sulfate, biomass burning, and de-icing of streets. On polluted days when the PM2.5 concentration exceeded the 25 μg/m3 value the contribution of secondary sulfate, domestic heating, and traffic increased significantly compared to the average. On weekends and holidays the contribution of soil and traffic decreased. The main pollution sources and their contributions were similar to the ones in other cities in the region. Comparing our findings to results from winter 2015 it can be concluded that while the PM2.5 pollution level remained almost the same, a significant increase in the contribution of biomass burning was observed in both cities from 2010 to 2015, indicating a change of heating habits.
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Savranchuk, Larisa. ""Wine" tours by Europe as one of the areas of recreational activities." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8648.
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The term “wine” tourism and its essence are considered in the article. Program, duration and types of “wine” tours are described. Principles of organization of such tours and the term of pre-order are determined. The attention is focused on the process of tasting, that includes: the location, the quality of the material, content; features and traits of enoteks, museums and wine festivals are highlighted; examples of classification “wine” tours (group, individual, hybrids first and second) are given. The data on the structure of “wine” tours (move to the starting point of travel, transfers, accommodation, catering facilities, and excursions) are presented. It refers to additional features over the standard program. Examples of car travel by the “wine” roads of France, “wine” routes in Italy are given. “Wine” tours of European countries, particularly in Cyprus (history's most famous brands, festivals, “wine” routes, the Museum of wine) are described. The excursion to the Greek winery, the link between wine and culture of the Italians and their character are delineated. The competitive principles of annual ceremony of marking of the best restaurant for “wine” tourism; culture center of the wine, “wine” estates in Italy are described. The attention is concentrated to the history of the brand “Chianti”, production of grappa and other. The feast of the grape in Spain (dates, location, program of “hero” holidays) are discussed in the article. Peculiarities of climate and soils of Southern Spain are mentioned as factors of growing vines “Palomino”, the role and value of “noble” mold in the production of heres, the features of the technology. The regions of wineries of Spain; the largest museum in the world of wine; specific accommodation facilities “Bodega”; symbiosis SPA hotels and restaurants; recreational coverage of Panades are mentioned in the article. The examples of production of the original Porto – the Sunny nectar of Portugal in Douro valley are given. Extra motivation to visit “wine” tours in Portugal are stated. The data about the culture of wine consumption in France are presented. “Wine” tours in Bordeaux, Champagne, Burgundy and Luarska Valley, Alsace and “wine” marathons of Medoc are described. Features of “wine” tours in Germany, classes of wines quality, wine-growing region, “wine” parks are highlighted. Geneva wine region of Switzerland, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site are characterized in the article. Attention is concentrated to the “wine” tours in Hungary (22 wine regions). Underdeveloped areas “wine” of tourism in Georgia are revealed. “Wine” tours in Transcarpathian and Odessa regions of Ukraine are described. Key words: “wine” variety of gastronomic tours as direction of recreational activities.
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Sulyak, S. G. "V.A. Frantsev and Carpathian Rus." Rusin, no. 64 (2021): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/64/5.
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Frantsev Vladimir Andreevich (April 4 (16), 1867 – March 19, 1942) – a Russian Slavicist, who authored more than 300 works on Slavic studies. He graduated from a Warsaw grammar school, then studied in the Imperial Warsaw University. In 1893–1895, V. Frantsev made several journeys abroad with the academic pupose. In 1895, he began to prepare for the master’s degree. In 1897, he went abroad and spent three years there. In 1899, V.A. Frantsev made a trip to Ugrian Rus, after which published an article “Review of the most important studies of Ugric Rus” in the Russian Philological Bulletin (1901, Nr. 1–2) in Warsaw. During his trip, V.A. Frantsev met and subsequently maintained contacts with prominent figures in the revival of Ugrian Rus. In 1899, he became Associate Professor of the Department of the History of Slavic Dialects and Literatures of the Imperial Warsaw University, in 1903 – an extraordinary professor, in 1907 – an ordinary professor. In 1900–1921, V.A. Frantsev lectured at the University of Warsaw, which in 1915 moved to Rostov-on-Don in connection with WWI. Teaching actively at the University, he devoted his free time to archival studies, working mainly in the Slavic lands of Austria-Hungary, where he went “for summer vacations” from 1901 to 1914. Sometimes he continued his work during the winter vacations and Easter holidays, as in 1906/07 and in 1907/08, when the university did not function due to student unrest. V.A. Frantsev reported to the “Society of History, Philology and Law” at the University of Warsaw, of which he was an active participant. In 1902–1907, Frantsev published almost all of his major works (except P.Y. Shafarik’s correspondence, published much later). Among them were his master’s thesis “An Essay on the History of the Czech Renaissance” (Warsaw, 1902), doctoral dissertation “Polish Slavic Studies in the late 18th and first quarter of the 19th century” (Prague, 1906), “Czech dramatic works of the 16th – 17th centuries” (Warsaw, 1903), etc. In 1909, during heated discussions on the future structure of Chełm-Podlasie Rus, he published “Maps of the Russian and Orthodox population of Chełm Rus with statistical tables”. In 1913, V.A. Frantsev became a member of the Czech Royal Society of Sciences. Since 1915, he was a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg in the Department of Russian Language and Literature. He did not accept the October Revolution, yet never publicly opposed the new government. At the end of 1919, he received an offer from the Council of Professors of the Prague Charles University (Czechoslovakia) to head the Russian branch of the Slavic Seminar. In Czechoslovakia, he became a professor at Charles University. In 1927, he took Czechoslovak citizenship. V.A. Frantsev’s life was associated with the Russian emigration. He was a full member and chairman of the Russian Institute, as well as chairman of the “Russian Academic Group in Czechoslovakia”, deputy chairman of the “Union of Russian Academic Organizations Abroad”, a member of the Commission for the Study of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus. In 1924, the Uzhhorod “A. Dukhnovich Cultural and Educational Society” republished V.A. Frantsev’s From the Renaissance Era of Ugric Rus under the title On the Question of the Literary Language of Subcarpathian Rus and a brief From the History of Writing in Subcarpathian Rus (1929). In 1930, The Carpathian Collection was published in Uzhhorod, with Frantsev “From the history of the struggle for the Russian literary language in Subcarpathian Rus” in the preface. He spent his last years in Czechoslovakia occupied by Nazi Germany. V.A. Frantsev died on March 19, 1942, a few days before his 75th birthday. He is buried in the Olshansk cemetery in Prague.
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Bayes, Natasha, Clare E. Holley, Emma Haycraft, and Carolynne Mason. "Adaptations to Holiday Club Food Provision to Alleviate Food Insecurity During the Covid-19 Pandemic." Frontiers in Public Health 9 (September 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.661345.
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Holiday clubs play a pivotal role in providing food and vital enrichment opportunities to alleviate food insecurity among children during the school holidays (holiday hunger). The need for these opportunities increased substantially for families throughout 2020, as food insecurity quadrupled in the UK during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this qualitative study, holiday club staff from England and Wales reflected on the adaptations they implemented in order to maintain food supplies and food-related enrichment activities for families during the first UK national Covid-19 lockdown and subsequently throughout the summer of 2020. Staff also reflected on the opportunities and challenges related to implementing these adaptations during this period. Twenty-five holiday club staff engaged in video-based interviews during August and September 2020. The findings revealed a range of innovative changes to holiday club food provision, and the challenges and opportunities faced varied across holiday clubs. Challenges during the pandemic in some clubs included staff shortages (typically due to furloughing and/or increased working demands) and difficulties sourcing adequate funding. However, staff identified that the opportunities for holiday clubs included enhanced partnership working during the pandemic, increased engagement with digital technology to communicate with families and deliver their online cooking sessions, and their ability to continue providing food and much needed creative opportunities for children unable to attend school and/or the holiday club. The ability of clubs to adapt their models of working when faced with adversity was essential in protecting their organisational resilience and delivering their vital services. The findings emphasise the important role that holiday clubs play in their communities and highlight their willingness to adapt and expand their role in response to the pandemic to continue to tackle food insecurity and provide vital food and food-related enrichment opportunities to families. The findings also identify lessons that can be applied to practise in the future.
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Denning, Stephanie. "Religious faith, effort and enthusiasm: motivations to volunteer in response to holiday hunger." cultural geographies, June 24, 2020, 147447402093389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474020933894.
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The voluntary sector is playing an increasing role in responding to UK poverty, but there is a lack of attention in cultural geographies to understanding what motivates people to volunteer in this response. In particular, faith-based organisations – and therefore volunteers with religious faith – have been an active part of the voluntary sector response to poverty. However, little is known about what motivates people who have a religious faith to volunteer. Drawing on participatory and ethnographic research with a UK Christian charity working in the area of children’s holiday hunger, this article seeks to make three contributions. First, it moves beyond static notions of religious motivation which tend to characterise quantitative and more reductive qualitative approaches to volunteering in the social sciences. Secondly, it develops analysis of religious faith which foregrounds its relational, fluid and contested role in motivating people to volunteer, highlighting the importance of ongoing volunteering journeys alongside the initial motivations which led to a person starting to volunteer. Thirdly, by focusing on effort and enthusiasm the article seeks to break down the binary between faith-based and secular motivations and highlight instead the ways volunteers at the holiday hunger project experienced challenges in turning an initial motivation into action, and how ‘faith motivation’ itself is inherently relational and is co-constituted in place.
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Glavatskaya, Elena, and Elizaveta Zabolotnykh. "“I Knew that Messiah Had to Come”: Jewish Festive Rituals in a Soviet City." Quaestio Rossica 9, no. 4 (December 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/qr.2021.4.633.
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The ethnic mobilisation that has unfolded throughout post-Soviet territory cannot be understood without a thorough examination of the preservation and transmission of ethnic identity in Soviet times. Despite the vast historiography devoted to studying various aspects of Jewish identity during the Soviet period, religiosity has rarely been an object of research. The purpose of this study is to identify religious practices that continued to exist among the Jewish population of Sverdlovsk until 1961, when the synagogue was closed. The authors refer to reports of the commissioners for Religious Affairs and data obtained during field research. They try to find out the extent and form of preserved calendar rituals, and what went missing from the daily life of the Sverdlovsk Jews. The research demonstrates that the religious community in the 1950s reached 500 people, or about 3 % of the entire Jewish population in the city. In the synagogue, a larger number of parishioners gathered during Passover, Yom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, and Sukkot. Fewer believers attended Hanukkah, and Purim generally went unnoticed by the commissioner for Religious Affairs. The recollections of the informants about holidays (mainly Passover and Purim) are peculiarly and uniformly associated with the description of meals. This is due to the post-war hunger and the age of the informants; they were all children, for whom delicious food was the most important component of any holiday. The results obtained make it possible to assert that the festive rituals of Sverdlovsk Jews continued to be preserved even in non-religious families, albeit in a limited form, throughout the 1940s and 1950s, thus reinforcing their identity.
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Yau, Amy, Hardeep Singh-Lalli, Hannah Forde, Matthew Keeble, Martin White, and Jean Adams. "Newspaper coverage of food insecurity in UK, 2016–2019: a multi-method analysis." BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (July 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11214-9.
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Abstract Background Food insecurity is a growing concern in the UK. Newspaper coverage can reflect and shape public and political views. We examined how frequently food insecurity was reported on in UK newspapers, how the problem and its drivers were described, and which solutions were proposed. Methods Using Factiva, we searched for news articles that were substantively about food insecurity and published in national UK newspapers between 01 January 2016 and 11 June 2019. We examined whether the number of articles differed over the study period, and conducted a thematic analysis to theoretical saturation using a random sample of articles. Results Overall, 436 articles met our inclusion criteria and 132 (30%) were analysed thematically. Reporting was more prevalent in the summer, with mentions of ‘holiday hunger’ among children, and leading up to Christmas, when charity was encouraged. Articles often contained views from advocacy groups and charities, who appeared to play an important role in maintaining news interest in food insecurity. From the thematic analysis, we developed themes related to the problems (‘definitions of food insecurity’ and ‘consequences of food insecurity for individuals’), drivers (‘insufficient income as an immediate driver’ and ‘government versus individual responsibility’), and solutions (‘charitable food aid’ and ‘calls for government action’). The problem of food insecurity was often defined by food bank use or hunger, but other definitions and a range of consequences for individuals were acknowledged. Articles identified government as a driver of food insecurity, especially in relation to the roll-out of Universal Credit. Few articles proposed individual failings as a driver of food insecurity. The reported existing solutions predominantly focused on food banking and redistributing ‘food waste’. The public, charities, and individuals experiencing food insecurity were generally portrayed as supportive of government action to tackle food insecurity. However, contention within government regarding the extent of food insecurity, governmental responsibility and potential solutions was reported. Conclusions Food insecurity was a topic of significant interest within UK newspapers. Newspapers were used to call for government action and advocate for structural, income-based solutions.
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Smith, J. C., and David W. Goodhew. "Personal observations on COVID-19 and the conduct and application of biomedical science." Interface Focus 11, no. 6 (October 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2021.0053.
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We begin by describing our observations of the ways in which the conduct of research has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and go on to comment on the quality of the scientific advice that is provided to UK citizens, and especially to schools. Researchers, like many, have suffered from the effects of the pandemic. Those hardships notwithstanding, we suggest that research into COVID-19 has benefitted from a ‘seed corn’ of discovery science that has provided the basis for routine diagnostic PCR and antibody tests; for structural analyses of the way in which the SARS-CoV-2 virus interacts with cells; for the development of new treatments (and the debunking of ineffective ones); for studies of the genetics of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2; and for the development of vaccines. The speed of dissemination of research has benefitted from the widespread use of pre-prints, and researchers and funders have become more nimble in their approaches to research and more willing to change their priorities in the face of the pandemic. In our experience, the advice provided to schools on the basis of this research was, however, often published at the last minute and was frequently flawed or inconsistent. This has led to a widening of the attainment gap between children from disadvantaged backgrounds and their peers and it has exacerbated the digital divide and holiday hunger. The consequences will be felt for many years to come and will jeopardize diversity in research and other careers.