Journal articles on the topic 'Holiday clubs'

With the school holidays being recognised as a high-risk time for children to experience food insecurity, there is a growing prevalence of school holiday initiatives that include free food. However, information is lacking into what constitutes effective practice in their delivery, and how this can be evaluated. This paper provides insight from individuals who implemented a pilot of a national project which provided free food for children at UK community summer holiday sports clubs in 2016. Focus groups were conducted with all 15 leaders of the holiday clubs that participated in the pilot to understand: (1) what opportunities are provided by community holiday sports clubs which include free food; (2) what challenges arose as a result of offering free food within a broader community holiday club sports offer. Results indicate that offering free food at such clubs creates multiple opportunities for attending children, including: experiencing social interactions around food; enhancing food experiences and food confidence; and promoting positive behaviour. However, free food provision is associated with challenges including resource constraints and tensions around project aims. Future work should determine whether holiday clubs can positively impact children’s wellbeing and healthy eating.

Holiday clubs—publicly or privately operated organizations that provide child care services and healthy food to disadvantaged children in the United Kingdom (UK) when schools are not in session—are increasing in number. We know a good deal about the effectiveness of the clubs in terms of nutrition-related outcomes, but little is known about the anti-poverty resources these holiday clubs may provide. The possibility that club funding may be centralized through the national government requires a better understanding of holiday club resources. This study describes the range of resources that holiday clubs deliver and reports on how these resources are acquired and brokered by club staff and volunteers. We use data from seventeen clubs operating in disadvantaged communities in North East England during the summer of 2017, and find that clubs deliver an assortment of anti-poverty resources that are often tied to staff (personal and professional) networks.

In Northern Ireland, nearly 30% of children are thought to be at risk of going hungry in the summer holidays when they are unable to access free school meals. Community groups, voluntary groups, local authorities, and faith groups have responded to this concern by developing and delivering holiday programmes that enable children from low-income families to take part in activities and access food. The current study used purposive sampling to investigate children’s and young people’s views of holiday provision, from across three holiday clubs, in Northern Ireland. Both primary school children (n = 34; aged 4–11) and secondary school children (n = 31; aged 12–17) showed high levels of awareness of poverty and food insecurity and associated pressures and stresses on households. Importantly, children and young people did not feel stigmatised about attending holiday provision, suggesting a positive and inclusive culture towards holiday club attendance. Children reported that they enjoyed the range of activities provided at holiday clubs and reported that attendance improved their self-confidence, especially for some older children, who acted as peer mentors to younger attendees, helped them to develop new skills, and provided them with opportunities to socialise with peers in a safe environment, out with their normal social groupings in school. Older children showed a high level of shrewdness and knowledge of sectarian divides in communities but spoke positively about how different religious or cultural backgrounds did not matter in terms of meeting and making new friends in holiday club settings. In terms of food provision, the findings of this study suggest that further work needs to be done to support children to access and eat healthy, nutritious food.

Children’s physical activity decreases during school holidays. Less structured days and reduced participation in organised activities may account for some of the decrease. Little is known about the factors that influence parents’ decision to enrol their child in organised activity such as holiday clubs. This paper sought to explore parents’ perceptions of their child’s physical activity during school holidays and the factors that influence holiday activity-based decision making. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 42 parents of children aged 10–11 years in July 2017 or March 2018. Data were analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive content analysis to explore parents’ perceptions of holiday-based physical activity and the factors associated with how they provide physical activity opportunities for their children. The data revealed that most parents consider their child’s physical activity levels when planning for the school holidays. However, work commitments in the holidays meant many parents had to rely on both informal and formal childcare. Grandparents were the primary source of informal childcare, despite a perception that children were not as physically active when with them. Holiday clubs were also a viable option, but the cost, location and age-appropriateness of provision inhibit parents signing older children up to these regularly.

Child poverty rates are rising, particularly in London, putting more children at risk of experiencing food insecurity. Holiday programmes in the UK provide children who receive free schools meals during term time with access to free/low-cost holiday clubs offering nutritious food and enriching activities during the school holidays. This study aimed to investigate whether children’s dietary intake was more adherent to the UK Eatwell Guide throughout the day and meets School Food Standards (SFS) for the lunchtime meal on a club attendance versus a non-attendance day. A repeated measures design was used to assess data on the food and drink intake of children (n = 57) aged 7–16 years old using a 24 h recall method on two separate occasions: once based on an attending club day and once based on a non-attending club day. The results showed children’s diet quality improved (p = 0.007) on an attending club day (mean: 58.0 ± SD 12.6) versus a non-attending club day (51.8 ± 15.0). Children also more closely adhered to the SFS (p = 0.001) on an attending club day (median = 9, interquartile range = 8–9) versus a non-attending club day (median = 7, interquartile range = 6–8). This suggests that holiday programmes targeting children who receive free school meals during term time have the potential to improve children’s dietary behaviours during the school holidays, underlining the importance of holiday programmes to support food security.

The coronavirus crisis has shone a light on pre-existing social, economic and health inequalities. This article examines what has been done to support children who rely on free school meals and holiday clubs to access healthy, nutritious food

Zoological collections are rapidly changing from a place of entertainment to centers of education. Many zoological collections run holiday and weekend clubs with activities aimed at inspiring and enthusing the next generation. The COVID-19 pandemic saw zoological collections across the world closing, leading a need for alternative educational content. Edinburgh Zoo, UK converted their summer school to a virtual provision. This provided a unique opportunity to determine the effectiveness of online zoological education by investigating if engagement levels differ for family groups when education is ‘live’, ‘recorded’ or ‘activity’ based. A total of 235 participants signed up for the Virtual Summer School, which comprised of 46 separate activities. Submissions, comments and polls were coded for content level and activity type. Results show that the overall engagement was higher for the live sessions compared to the recorded content; however, the content level was higher for activities. Content level increased over the week and there was a higher reported nature appreciation at the end of the Virtual Summer School. These findings provided evidence to suggest that online holiday zoo education can engage and inspire and gives insight on how to maximize the engagement and knowledge acquisition when using these online platforms.

Nutritional education is a recent, mandatory inclusion within the quality standards framework for the Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programme in England; funded by the Department for Education (DfE). Whilst research has been conducted regarding nutritional education in other contexts, such as schools and community organisations, to the authors’ knowledge, no published research has yet explored nutritional education within HAF. The current study therefore aimed to explore the implementation, delivery, and perceived facilitators, barriers and impacts of nutritional education across a number of Local Authorities delivering HAF in England. Purposive sampling (n = 11) was used to recruit HAF leads involved in nutritional education, to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis showed that nutritional education is currently delivered through a variety of modes including face-to-face, online, and take-home methods, all of which require a range of considerations in terms of implementation, delivery, and associated impacts, with some holiday clubs offering no nutritional education. According to participating HAF leads, nutritional education was used as a mechanism to enhance children’s and parents’ cooking confidence and competence, to improve dietary intake, and to increase understanding of issues such as food sustainability, environmental impacts, and food provenance. Although there are many examples of innovative practice, the findings suggested that COVID guidelines proved challenging for providers to include nutritional education within HAF delivery during 2021. Further, whilst the quality standards framework for nutritional education provides flexibility in terms of implementation and delivery, specific guidance, and monitoring of provision is required to ensure quality assurance and consistency across the HAF programme.

AbstractCountries develop their nautical tourism depending on their nature potentials and resources and in line with their national economic strategies. The main development determinant is a national strategy as the basis of all plans and activities. The nautical tourism development encourages tourism destination development and impacts on economic and social sustainability. Nautical tourism is a specific form of modern tourism trends whose extremely important and highly profitable economic influence is largely visible in numerous multiplicative effects. Renown world researches prove that nautical tourism is one of the most important economic activities in tourism sector, perceived in Croatia as one of the most competitive tourism products. The objective of this paper is to point at the necessity of differentiation of communication strategy and marketing placements towards target markets focused on attracting yachtsmen taking into account their different demographic and sociographic profile. The research and comparative analysis conducted in American and European yacht clubs showed significant differences in selection of tourism destinations based on demographic and sociographic profile of yachtsmen in specific geolocation. The purpose of this work is to prepare the comparative analysis of the European and American yachtsmen profiles, which will serve to create targeted strategic marketing model of attracting foreign yachtsmen in selection of their holiday tourism destination. The conclusions of this research show that Croatia has still not fully capitalized its potential in the nautical tourism sector and that the more comprehensive market segmentation is necessary in the process of planning how to attract foreign yachtsmen.

The article examines the last Stalinist election campaign in Transcarpathia – the local council elections, which were held on February 22, 1953, a few days before the death of the Soviet dictator. Unlike the first two waves of Soviet elections in the region in 1946-1947 and 1950-1951, they already took place without any excesses for the authorities. During this time, the Bolsheviks managed to completely Sovietize Transcarpathia, which manifested in the implementation of a personnel policy primarily based on the verification of "ideological loyalty" to the communists, numerous campaigning and propaganda measures, strict censorship, and repressive policies. These factors soon paid off. The Soviet government already achieved the cherished "99.9%" in the elections without much difficulty. The article highlights the course of the election campaign: the work of election commissions (event plans and their implementation, reports on their implementation), the procedure for nominating candidates, the tasks of campaigning and propaganda work for campaigning groups, points, and individual agitators (conducting lectures, discussion reports, reading newspapers and magazines) instructions to the local press, radio, clubs, and libraries), the election ritual on election day (honorary votes of the most worthy voters, delivering patriotic speeches in honor of the Communist Party, the Soviet Government and the "great leader of the peoples, Comrade Stalin," reports on the fulfillment of socialist obligations Yazan) and other attributes of the "national holiday." It should also be noted that the mechanisms for conducting elections developed by the authorities during Stalin's rule and the election traditions imposed on the population lasted almost until the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The aim of the study presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of Russian mothers seeking care and education services for their children. This work examines the transformation of the traditional family function of raising, socializing and educating children. Currently we are witnessing an increase in the number of parents who resort to paid family services. Therefore it is important to understand the evolution of this market segment, what defines consumers’ choice of services and which types of services are the most popular, while also assessing costumer satisfaction with the services they acquired. Analysis is conducted based on a series of semi-structured interviews with Russian women who have children of preschool or school age. Respondents included both working (be it on hire or self-employed) and unemployed women. Research was conducted within Nizhniy Novgorod city limits. While conducting the interviews, it was discovered that the basic selection of paid services which parents acquire includes services offered by children’s development centers, paid additional lessons at kindergarten or school, sports clubs, dance, art and foreign language lessons; children’s parties – renting dedicated facilities, hiring clowns, purchasing thematic programs and holiday treats; hiring babysitters (either on a regular basis or on demand), psychologists and parenting coaches. The authors reached the conclusion that modern urban families tend to split their responsibility (delegate authority) for raising, caring for and educating their children with those who have expertise in this field. Consumption of services by urban families starts earlier and continues for a longer period of time – in line with their children maturing – there’s not too much diversity, but consumption does depend on such important motives as the desire to satisfy today’s requirements for raising and developing children, parents freeing up spare time for their own needs, taking care of the child’s future.

The article deals with some aspects of the pimping investigation by an organized group. The crime situation as the element of the criminalistic characteristic of this offence is examined, and its relation with other elements is examined too. The author emphasizes that the crime scene is a broad concept that includes a number of elements that characterize the environment in which a socially dangerous act is committed. They must always identify the time, place and conditions of the crime that are relevant to his full investigation. The crime scene should be investigated from different directions. In particular, on the one hand, as the geographical spread of the investigated criminal offense, on the other - the specific place of its commission. The location of the pimping is part of the event. It contains a large amount of information about the mode of commission of a criminal offense, certain data about the identity of the offender. On the basis of the investigation of materials of criminal proceedings the author has identified the following places of committing pimping by an organized group: 1) recreation establishments (of which: night clubs, cafes, bars, restaurants); 2) weekend or vacation establishments (of which: recreation centers, hotels, "rental" apartments); 3) facilities for sports and wellness (of which: spas, massage rooms, wellness centers); 4) the place of residence of the "client" (of which: apartments, houses, holiday cooperatives); 5) vehicles; 6) other places. It has been noted that the frequency of pimping by an organized group depends on the time of day as follows: about 7% are done in the morning (from 6 to 12 hours); 14% - in the afternoon (from 12 to 18 hours); 42% - in the evening (from 18 to 24 hours); 37% - at night (1 to 6 hours). And according to the criterion of the season, these actions are performed in the summer in 22% of cases; in the fall - 25%; in winter - 21%; in the spring - 32%. Also important are the conditions of the criminal offense under inves-tigation.

Abstract Background With the rapid development of the sports industry and the increasingly mature market environment, many sports organizations in Europe and the United States have gradually realized the importance of social responsibility. They often use holidays to carry out social responsibility activities and improve the brand image by performing social responsibility. China's sports industry has developed rapidly in recent years, but professional sports still need to learn from European and American countries in fulfilling their social responsibilities. At present, the contradiction between the growing spiritual and cultural needs of the people and the insufficient and unbalanced supply is becoming increasingly prominent. Professional sports is an important industry to meet people's spiritual and cultural needs. Professional sports clubs are responsible for training excellent athletes for the country, seeking economic benefits for the club, providing public services for cities and communities, disseminating urban sports culture, promoting sports development, protecting the environment, engaging in philanthropy and other important responsibilities. They are the core of professional sports. Whether professional sports clubs can actively fulfill their corporate social responsibility will have an important impact on the development of professional sports. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the current situation of social responsibility of professional sports clubs and the influencing factors of consumers' emotion, and to explore the ways for professional sports clubs to fulfill their social responsibility. Research Objects and Methods Taking CBA club as the research object, this study investigates the implementation status and influencing factors of CBA club's social responsibility from the perspective of the psychological perception of sports experts and spectators by using the combination of quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative content analysis. In order to improve the impact of sports club rules on consumers' emotion, this study first revised the emotion questionnaire compiled by Dong Yan and Yu Guoliang (2007) according to the basic characteristics of the environment, and then measured the subjects' emotion with the revised scale. Among them, positive emotion (30 items in total) includes two dimensions: positive high arousal emotion and positive low arousal emotion, and negative emotion (42 items in total) includes two dimensions: negative high arousal emotion and negative low arousal emotion. The questionnaire adopts Likert's 5-level continuous evaluation, “1” means “completely unqualified” and “5” means “fully qualified”. Statistics show that the internal consistency reliability of the two subscales of positive emotion and negative emotion is 0.5% 75 ~ 0. Four factor validity: 245 21,x2 / df = 1. 96, CFI = 0. 94, TLI = 0. 91, RMSEA = 0. 050, SRMR = 0. 067. Results The survey results show that sports experts and ordinary audiences are not satisfied with the current implementation of corporate social responsibility in CBA clubs. It is generally believed that the lack of corporate social responsibility in CBA clubs is serious. Sports experts believe that the most important factors affecting the performance of social responsibility by CBA clubs are unclear property rights, vague relationship between responsibilities and rights in the business process, lack of perfect social responsibility supervision and evaluation mechanism, while ordinary audiences believe that there is a lack of perfect corporate social responsibility supervision and evaluation mechanism, backward system and imperfect relevant laws and regulations. The results showed that the effect of interpersonal emotion regulation on implicit positive emotion decreased with the increase of regulation difficulty level; And expression inhibition is the mediating variable of regulatory effect, which has some mediating effect. With the enhancement of expression inhibition, the mediating effect has an increasing trend. Because interpersonal interaction can more activate psychological processing processes such as empathy, viewpoint selection and attention conversion, it will help interpersonal emotion regulation to positively predict implicit positive emotions at the level of automatic processing. The result of the negative regulation effect of regulation difficulty is consistent with the theoretical viewpoint proposed by the dual resource model of interpersonal emotional interaction. The dual resource model holds that the emotional regulation of interpersonal interaction is based on the resources of two nervous systems. Self regulated public resources can realize top-down cognitive control, and the work of this system needs to be realized at the level of consciousness. Conclusion This paper puts forward the ways to promote the implementation of social responsibility of professional sports clubs: clarify the legal subject status of professional sports clubs, legalize the social responsibility connotation of professional sports clubs, comprehensively build the social responsibility awareness of professional sports clubs and stakeholders, strengthen the social responsibility consciousness of professional sports clubs, and establish a scientific social responsibility evaluation system of professional sports clubs, Improve the social responsibility supervision system of professional sports clubs. Acknowledgments National Social Science Foundation of China 20BTY051: Research on competitive balance driving high-quality development of Professional sports in China.

Abstract. Introduction. Theoretical and practical approaches to marketing research of consumers in the field of wine tourism are considered. Reasonable decision-making is needed for the effective development of the Black Sea Wine Roads project. For this purpose, marketing research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative marketing research (survey, structured interview, content analysis of the text). Purpose. The purpose of the research is to substantiate management decisions for the development of wine tourism in the Black Sea region based on marketing research. Results. A structured interview was conducted with the participants of the ODESSA VINE WEEK event (May 19, 2021), who are stakeholders - the State Agency for Tourism Development of Ukraine, heads of travel agencies, owners and marketers of wineries, etc. The result of the interview was a �portrait of a wine tourist�. A survey of owners of 16 wineries from different regions of Ukraine concluded that the main motives for wine tourists to visit them are the opportunity to try unique local or original wines, high quality wine and use of modern equipment, specially created museums, cultural centers with excursions and wonderful landscapes and picturesque vineyards around. The results of a survey of consumers of wine tourism services are presented. Four main segments among wine tourism connoisseurs have been identified. The first segment is advanced wine connoisseurs, who are mostly united in wine clubs. They have experience in tasting both domestic and foreign wines. They have experience of tasting at wineries. The second segment is Ukrainian tourists who are interested in everything new. They have experience in travel, especially domestic tourism. The third segment � people whose professional activity and purpose of a trip to wineries are directly related to winemaking and tourism. The fourth segment is foreign tourists. Conclusions. The research showed that among modern tourists, the share of those who are looking for an opportunity to add more celebration and pleasure to their holiday in terms of culture and discover new gastronomic feelings combined with fine wines is growing. It is recommended to use the results of the study to form a marketing strategy for the development of the project of wine roads of the Black Sea coast of Ukraine.

<p>Cuando Bret Easton Ellis publicó en el año 1985 «Less Than Zero», no se imaginó que su narración iba a tener éxito editorial. La acción de la novela se desarrolla en Los Angeles, constituyendo la obra de Ellis un retrato de una generación joven, que experimenta tempranamente con el sexo, las drogas y la desolación. "Less Than Zero" (título de una canción amarga de Elvis Costello) narra las vivencias de un joven estudiante que regresa a su casa de Los Angeles, para pasar las vacaciones de Navidad junto a sus padres. Clay relata cómo sus vacaciones se convierten en una vertiginosa espiral de desesperación, que le conduce a fiestas interminables, clubs de rock, líneas de coca, luces de neón, y al submundo de la pornografía. Su observación de la vida procede de su juventud y dinero. El narrador, testigo de la acción, mantiene a veces un distanciamiento con respecto a las experiencias de sus amigos de infancia. En otras ocasiones, participa de la acción, utilizando un estilo directo, cortante y seco. En rasgos generales, podemos señalar que el narrador-protagonista de la novela contempla lo que sucede a su alrededor sin tomar posturas determinantes. En relación con esta nueva corriente dentro de la narrativa norteamericana de los años ochenta, situamos el "Dirty Realism". En las novelas incluidas en el Dirty Realism, los personajes son menos favorecidos por la fortuna debido a su baja condición social. En general, las historias que se narran, están llenas de hombres y mujeres, cuyas vidas están vacías o truncadas a causa de innumerables problemas, problemas que les hace difícil la comunicación con los demás miembros de la sociedad. Sin embargo, estos personajes no muestran una actitud de rebeldía, sino de resignación. Son personas que piden muy poco de la vida.</p><p>When «Less Than Zero» was first published in 1985, Bret Easton Elli could not imagine that bis novel was going to become a bcst-seller. This novel is set in Los Angeles, it is a powerful portrayal of a generation of young people who have experienced sex, drugs, and disaffection at an carly age.</p><p>"Less Than Zero" (Elvis Costello's title of a bitter song), narrates the experience of a young student who comes home to Los Angeles for Christmas vacation and its narrator, Clay, tells us how his holiday turns into a dizzing spiral of desperation, that takes him through parties, rock clubs, co-kaine nes, neon lights, and the underworld of pornography. His observation of life comes with youth and money. Sometimes, the evidence narrator keeps away from his youthful American alienation; others he shares its experiences through a direct, constant, and dry style. In general, we can point out that the protagonist narrator of "Less Than Zero" observes what's happcning around him without taking any determing part. In relation to this new trend of the American narrative of the 1980s, there is the so called "Dirty Realism". The characters who inhabit this low-life ambience are everyday guys who may be a bit down on their luck. But in general the stories are full of men and women whose lives are troubled or just plain empty being difficult for them to communicate themselves with society. Things never turra out well... at best, not badly. However, theirs is not to re-bel or explode, the overwhelming sensation is one of resignation, they are people who ask very little out of life.</p>

Subject area The case seeks an intensive reading, research and a stimulating in-class discussion on implementing marketing strategy mixed with creating experience in the service industry creating a Pull branding. The case is also open to other angles as per the other intents and context of the course and course instructor. Some of the course angles are as follows: sales promotion, customer relationship management (CRM), channel sales, international marketing and branding. Study level/applicability The case is suited to many courses including online formats and executive training workshops. It is good for discussion with service industry. Some of the target groups are listed below: MBA Course, core course of strategic management, specialisation courses in service marketing, CRM and sales promotion, executive training workshops on strategy formulations, faculty development workshops on teaching pedagogy through cases and internal marketing and capstone courses. Case overview Millionaires Holidays & Resorts Ltd. (MHRL) is a part of the Leisure and Hospitality sector of the Millionaires Group and brings to the industry values such as Reliability, Trust and Customer Satisfaction. Millionaires Club is a part of the Hospitality sector of the Millionaires Group. Taking advantage of the high income earned by Indians in the UAE, Millionaires Club has taken initiatives of expansion in the UAE market. The case talks about how Millionaires Club has become a Pull brand by providing unmatched family holiday experience in India where members feel proud to be part of special community. The case takes us through different marketing strategies being adopted by the organisation to ensure a successful foothold in the UAE market. Expected learning outcomes Understanding the process of service marketing, understanding how brands are built over time, analyzing deeply and energetically the United Arab Emirates holiday industry, analyzing the importance of customer satisfaction and CRM,, analyzing the importance of corporate social responsibility, understanding the importance of experiential marketing and developing futuristic ideas and thinking to change the way to see the use of marketing strategy in organisations. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Приведены современные примеры формирования системы по организации детского отдыха – «государство – бизнес – семья», проанализированы термины «child-friendly city» и «kid-friendly», передающие идею создания инфраструктуры для отдыха взрослых с детьми. В современном мире для полноценного отдыха детей недостаточно детской площадки и игровой комнаты, поэтому важно продумывать концепции функционирования детских клубов и развлечения на предприятиях гостиничного бизнеса. В организации детского клубного отдыха в российском отельном бизнесе пока не используется зарубежный опыт, а в российских нормативных документах отсутствует понятие «детская гостиница». The relevance of this article is confirmed by the fact that modern examples of the formation of a system for organizing children΄s recreation – “state-business-family” are given, the terms “childfriendly city” and “kid-friendly” are analyzed, conveying the idea of creating an infrastructure for recreation for adults with children. In the modern world, a playground and a playroom are not enough for children to have a good rest, so it is important to think over the concepts of the functioning of children΄s clubs and entertainment at the enterprises of the hotel business. In the organization of children΄s club holidays in the Russian hotel business, foreign experience is not yet used, and there is No. concept of a “children΄s hotel” in Russian regulatory documents.

As a result of wartime operations, many citizens of child-bearing and working age either fell or became disabled, and in the best of cases required treatment due to a worsening of hygienic conditions and malnutrition. According to the Polska Zbrojna magazine from 1933, the health of the Fatherland’s defenders required particular attention. For this reason, in the Second Republic of Poland, the officers’ corps had its own holiday system. Military architecture can largely bring to mind standardised urban layouts of barracks complexes filled with repetitive architecture. However, the architecture of holiday houses, sanatoriums and officers’ homes dedicated to recreation and entertainment (pensioners insisted on the hosting of dancing nights) and health treatment/convalescence is something different altogether. Although the first military holiday home in Cetniewo was built in the manorial style, the so-called White Manor (Biały Dworek), successive buildings were largely designed in the Modernist style, which perfectly fit the relaxed atmosphere and was healthy due to its immanent assumptions: it was equipped with impressive glazing, where the clash of masses caused the appearance of open rooftop terraces, etc. Officers, non-commissioned officers and their families had access to year-round holiday facilities such as the Officers’ Holiday Home in Augustów, seasonal facilities (Officers’ Holiday Complex in Jurata), as well as sanatoriums (Military Sanatorium in Otwock). After sailing and kayaking had become popular among officers, facilities dedicated to specific sports club began to appear, such as the Yacht Club in Zegrze. The design of such facilities was the domain of not only military engineers, but also avant-garde civilian designers, such as Edgar Norwerth, Marian Lalewicz, etc. Recreational homes were not only of recreational and integrative significance, but were also important in propaganda: the Officers’ Recreational Home in Cetniewo was to mark Polish presence on the freshly reclaimed Baltic coast through its modern, avant-garde architecture.

Like many other institutions, the school where I teach hosts a gift exchange program at the start of the winter holiday season. Students, faculty, and staff who wish to participate place their names in a container. Then, one at a time, each draws the name of the person to whom he or she will be randomly matched. During the course of the next few days, the person who draws the name acts as the Secret Snowflake for the person whose name was drawn. Daily the former provides the latter with small gifts, encouraging messages, and anonymous acts of kindness. Often, these are accompanied by carefully worded hints or clues to the Secret Snowflake's identity. On the last day of school before the holiday break, the Secret Snowflakes reveal themselves at a public event.

Ключові слова: релігійні свята, Уманська округа, місцева преса, радянська влада, 1923–1925 роки, антирелігійна політика. Анотація У статті розглядається офіційне ставлення партійних, державних, громадських структур в Уманській окрузі до релігійних свят у 1923–1925 рр. Проаналізовані відповідні матеріали вміщені на сторінках газети «Робітниче-селянська правда» – органу Уманського окружного комітету КП(б)У і окрвиконкому Уманщини. Зроблено висновок, що в Уманській окрузі, як і загалом в радянській Україні у той період, відносно більш толерантне офіційне ставлення до релігії поєднувалося із подальшим насадженням нетерпимості до неї. Це досить виразно виявлялося в неприйнятті релігійних свят та всього пов’язаного з ними і вело до руйнації традиційних духовно-культурних цінностей тих релігійних конфесій, які були представлені у цьому регіоні. Посилання «Seider», 1923 – «Seider» y «Tainaia vecheria» ["Seider" and "The Last Supper"] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 22 bereznia. № 63. S. 2. Pidpys: F. N. [in Ukrainian]. Antyrelihiina propahanda, 1923 – Antyrelihiina propahanda v s. Tanskomu [Anti-religious propaganda in the village of Tanske] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 11 kvitnia. № 78. S. 3 Pidpys: V. B. [in Ukrainian]. Antyrelihiina propahanda, 1924 – Antyrelihiina propahanda v s. Taliankakh [Anti-religious propaganda in the village of Talianki] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 16 sichnia. № 9. S. 2. Pidpys: M. [in Ukrainian]. Babenko, 2010 – Babenko L. Osoblyvosti antyrelihiinoi propahandy 1920-kh rokiv ta yii alternatyvy [Features of anti-religious propaganda of the 1920s and its alternatives] // Filosofski obrii. 2010. № 24. S. 222–235. URL: http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/25951/18-Babenko.pdf?sequence=1 [in Ukrainian]. Baidachenko, 1925 – Baidachenko H. Proty Peruna y Khrysta – elektryka y radio [Against Perun and Christ – electricity and radio] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 31 hrudnia. № 298. S. 3 [in Ukrainian]. Bezbozhnyk, 1923 – Relihiina dyskusiia v s. Nesterivtsi [Religious discussion in the village of Nesterivka] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 29 kvitnia. № 94. S. 2. Pidpys: Bezbozhnyk [in Ukrainian]. Bliau, 1923 – Bliau D. Blahochestyvыe masloboishchyky [Pious chippers] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 16 travnia. № 107. S. 4 [in Russian]. Bondarchuk, 1925 – Relihiinyi durman ta babski zabobony [Religious dope and women superstitions] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 5 liutoho. № 28. S. 2. Pidpys: Bondarchuk [in Ukrainian]. Borotba komnezamu, 1923 – Borotba komnezamu s. Kniazhykiv z relihiinymy zabobonamy [The struggle of the komnezam of the village of Knyazhyky with religious prejudices] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 29 kvitnia. № 94. S. 2. Pidpys: B. [in Ukrainian]. Brusianin, 1925 – Brusianin V. Komu potribni relihiini sviata? [Who needs religious holidays?] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 12 kvitnia. № 83. S. 1 [in Ukrainian]. Vecher antyrelyhyoznoi propahandы, 1923 – Vecher antyrelyhyoznoi propahandы v teatre «Kommuna» [An evening of anti-religious propaganda at the Kommuna theater] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 11 kvitnia. № 78. S. 3. Pidpys: D. [in Russian]. Vecher v klube, 1923 – Vecher v klube polyhrafystov [Evening at the club of printers] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 4 kvitnia. № 74. S. 2. Pidpys: D. [in Russian]. Vidhadai, 1923 – Bez boha khlib matymesh, a z bohom torbu chipliatymesh [Without God you will have bread, and with God you will cling to a bag] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 15 veresnia. № 209. S. 3. Pidpys: Selkor Vidhadai [in Ukrainian]. Vitrynska, 2016 – Vitrynska O. V. Polityka radianskoi vlady shchodo yudaizmu v Ukraini v 1921–1929 rokakh. [The policy of the Soviet government towards Judaism in Ukraine in 1921–1929] Dys… kand. ist. nauk. Poltava, 2016. 254 s. URL: https://shron1.chtyvo.org.ua/Vitrynska_Olena/Polityka_radianskoi_vlady_schodo_iudaizmu_v_Ukraini_v_1921–1929_rokakh.pdf [in Ukrainian]. Volska, 1925 – Ne derzhit uchniv vdoma v relihiini sviata [Do not keep students at home on religious holidays] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 19 hrudnia. № 290. S. 3. Pidpys: Selkorka Volska [in Ukrainian]. Haievska, 2013 – Haievska T. Derzhavni radianski sviata: istoryko-kulturolohichnyi aspekt [State Soviet holidays: historical and cultural aspect] // Kulturolohichna dumka. 2013. № 6. S. 153–159. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/ Kultdum_2013_6_21 [in Ukrainian]. Demennyi, 1923 – Shkola s. Kamianechoho boretsia z relihiinymy zabobonamy [School in the village of Kameneche struggles religious prejudices] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 14 kvitnia. № 81. S. 2. Pidpys: Demennyi [in Ukrainian]. Didus, 1923 – Antyrelihiina propahanda na paskhalni sviata v s. Hromakh [Anti-religious propaganda on Easter holidays in the village of Gromy] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 4 kvitnia. № 74. S. 2. Pidpys Didus [in Ukrainian]. Yev. Hen, 1924 – Shcho take sviato rizdva? [What is a Christmas holiday?] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 25 hrudnia. № 225. S. 2. Pidpys: Yev. Hen [in Ukrainian]. Zakrepym pobedu, 1923 – Zakrepym pobedu [Let's consolidate the victory] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 4 kvitnia. № 74. S. 1 [in Russian]. K antyrelyhyoznoi propahande, 1923 – K antyrelyhyoznoi propahande v paskhalnыe dny [To anti-religious propaganda on Easter days] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 24 bereznia. № 65. S. 1 [in Russian]. K Komsomolskoi paskhe, 1923 – K Komsomolskoi paskhe [For Komsomolskaya Easter] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 29 bereznia. № 69. S. 3 [in Russian]. Kak obmanыvaiut, 1923 – Kak obmanыvaiut Yehovu [How Jehovah is Deceived] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 1 kvitnia. № 72. S. 2 [in Russian]. Kyrydon, 2017 – Kyrydon A. M. Indoktrynatsiia radianskosti: obriadovo-sviatkovyi kanon yak marker formuvannia ateizovanoho suspilstva (1920–1930-i rr.) [The indoctrination of Sovietness: a ceremonial-festive canon as a marker of the formation of an atheistic society (1920s–1930s)] // Umanska starovyna. 2017. Vypusk 3. S. 5–20. URL: http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=umanst_2017_3_3 [in Ukrainian]. Labenskyi, 1924 – S. Kniazhyky [The village of Knyazhiki] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 6 serpnia. № 107. S. 3. Pidpys: Labenskyi [in Ukrainian]. Litstudiia, 1925 – Litstudiia «Pluhu» pry Umanskim Ahrotekhnikumi [Litstudio "Plow" at Uman Agricultural College] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 15 kvitnia. № 85. S. 2. Pidpys: P. K. [in Ukrainian]. Makukha, 1923 – Borotba z relihiinymy zabobonamy v s. Pidvysokomu [Struggle against religious prejudices in the village of Pidvysoke] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 29 kvitnia. № 94. S. 2. Pidpys: Makukha [in Ukrainian]. Matukhno, 2017 – Matukhno Yu. O. Problema klasyfikatsii radianskykh sviat u pershe porevoliutsiine desiatylittia [The problem of classifying Soviet holidays in the first post-revolutionary decade] // Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu. 2017. Vyp. 48. S. 139–142. URL: http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=1&Image_file_name=PDF/Npifznu_2017_48_27.pdf Medsanrabotnyky, 1923 – Medrabotnyky ne otstaiut [Medical workers are not lagging behind] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 6 kvitnia. № 76. S. 2 [in Russian]. Na obshchem sobranyy, 1923 – Na obshchem sobranyy transportnykov y stroytelei [At a general meeting of transport workers and builders] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 31 bereznia. № 71. S. 3 [in Ukrainian]. Naiblyzhchi zavdannia, 1924 – Naiblyzhchi zavdannia raionnykh komisii po protyrelihiinii propahandi [Immediate tasks of district commissions for anti-religious propaganda] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 11 sichnia. № 7. S. 3 [in Ukrainian]. Novoselytskyi, 1923 – Novoselytskyi F. Stradaiushchye y voskresaiushchye bohy y yskuplenye ymy liudskykh hrekhov [Suffering and resurrecting gods and their atonement for human sins] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 20 bereznia. № 61. S. 2 [in Russian]. Paskhalnaia kampanyia, 1923 – Paskhalnaia kampanyia [Easter campaign] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 28 bereznia. № 68. S. 3 [in Russian]. Polytprosvet, 1923 – Prazdnyk Paskhy y paskhalnыe obriadы [Easter holiday and Easter ceremonies] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 20 bereznia. № 61. S. 2. Pidpys: Polytprosvet Ukoma KSM [in Russian]. Polishchuk, 2009 – Polishchuk V. Onoprii Turhan – zhurnalist i pysmennyk [Onopriy Turgan is a journalist and writer] URL: https://umanliteratura.ucoz.ua/news/v_polishhuk_onoprij_turgan_zhurnalist_i_pismennik/2010-12-20-256 [in Ukrainian]. Popova, 1925 – Popova O. Sviatkuimo ne bozhi sviata, a sviata pratsi y peremohy [Let us celebrate not God's holidays, but the holidays of work and victory] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 12 kvitnia. № 83. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Proletshkola, 1923 – Proletshkola protyv boha [Proletarian school against god] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 28 bereznia. № 68. S. 2 [in Russian]. Rabkor, 1923 – Budem borotsia s relyhyei kak y s vooruzhennыm vrahom [We will fight religion like an armed enemy] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 3 kvitnia. № 73. S. 3. Pidpys: Rabkor K. [in Ukrainian]. Rabota ahytpropa, 1923 – Rabota ahytpropa v aprele [Agitprop work in April] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 9 travnia. № 101. S. 3 [in Russian]. Robitnyk, 1924 – Osvitu zhintsi na seli [Education for a woman in the countryside] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 8 liutoho. № 18. S. 3. Pidpys: Robitnyk [in Ukrainian]. Robitnyche zhyttia, 1924 – Robitnyche zhyttia [Working life] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 23 kvitnia. № 48. S. 3 [in Ukrainian]. Sylantiev, 2005 – Sylantiev V. I. Vlada i pravoslavna tserkva v Ukraini (1917–1930 rr.) [Authorities and the Orthodox Church in Ukraine (1917–1930)] Avtoref. dys… dokt. ist. nauk. Kharkiv, 2005. 46 s. [in Ukrainian]. Syrotiuk, 1924 – Zubrytskyi KNS ne porvav shche z relihiieiu [The Zubrytsia CРР has not yet broken with religion] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 5 sichnia. № 4. S. 2. Pidpys: Syrotiuk [in Ukrainian]. Sidorenko, 1923 – Sidorenko Z. Neobkhidna chystka komnezamu s. Pobiinoi [It is necessary to clean the komnezam of the village of Pobiyna] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 19 kvitnia. № 85. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Soloviov, 1924 – Soloviov D. Nebazhane yavyshche [An undesirable phenomenon] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 16 sichnia. № 9. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Tabel, 1924 – Tabel sviat i nerobochykh dniv. Oboviazkova postanova Kyivskoho hubvykonkomu № 49 vid 19 bereznia 1924 roku [Table of holidays and non-working days. Mandatory Resolution of the Kyiv Provincial Executive Committee № 49 of March 19, 1924] // Vistnyk Kyivskoho hubvykonkomu. 1924. 2 kvitnia. № 14. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Tarapon, 2016 – Tarapon O. Derzhavni sviata v Ukraini 1920–1930-kh rr. yak zasib formuvannia radianskykh politychnykh tsinnostei [Public holidays in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1930s as a means of forming Soviet political values] // Aktualni pytannia humanitarnykh nauk: mizhvuzivskyi zbirnyk naukovykh prats molodykh vchenykh Drohobytskoho derzhavnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Franka. Drohobych, 2016. Vyp. 15. S. 96–102. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/apgnd_2016_15_13 [in Ukrainian]. Tolko 40 pyshchevykov, 1923 – Tolko 40 pyshchevykov ne odurachenы relyhyei [Only 40 food workers are not fooled by religion] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 31 bereznia. № 71. S. 3 [in Russian]. Turhan, 1924 – Turhan O. Proty staroho rizdva [Against old Christmas] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1924. 24 hrudnia. № 224. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Fiialko, 1923 – Fiialko S. Antyrelihiina propahanda v s. Ksendzivtsi [Anti-religious propaganda in the village of Ksendzivka] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 19 kvitnia. № 85. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Flerovskyi, 1923 – Flerovskyi Y. Stradaiushchyi, umershyi y voskresshyi... [Suffering, dead and resurrected...] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 6 kvitnia. № 76. S. 3 [in Russian]. Flierovskyi, 1925 – Flierovskyi I. Zvidky pishly tserkovni sviata [Where did the church holidays come from?] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 10 kvitnia. № 81. S. 2 [in Ukrainian]. Tserkvy, 1923 – Tserkvy, kostelы, synahohy – pod klubы y teatrы [Churches, churches, synagogues - for clubs and theaters] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1923. 6 kvitnia. № 76. S. 2 [in Russian]. Chuchalin, 2019 – Chuchalin O. P. Vplyv ateistychnoi propahandy radianskoi presy na relihiinu sytuatsiiu v USRR u 1920–1930-ti rr. [The influence of atheistic propaganda of the Soviet press on the religious situation in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s] // Hileia: naukovyi visnyk. 2019. Vypusk 142(1). S. 182–188. URL: http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi- bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=LINK&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&S21REF=10&S21CNR=20&S21STN=1&S21FMT=ASP_meta&C21COM=S&2_S21P03=FILA=&2_S21STR=gileya_2019_142(1)__39 [in Ukrainian]. Yunenko, 1925 – Yunenko S. Nash KNS [Our СPP] // Robitnyche-selianska pravda. 1925. 16 sichnia. № 9. S. 3 [in Ukrainian].

When edwin austin abbey, with eleven other artists and all the ritual of a new male order — round table, cob pipes, stone bottles of cider — founded the Tile Club in 1877, his sobriquet was “The Chestnut.” If not boating down the Erie Canal or on holiday in Easthampton, the men would make tiles for the home, ceramic wares of Shakespeare or rustics and florals, in the style of William Morris and his decorative arts. Twenty years before Charles Eliot Norton's Society of Arts and Crafts, such Tilers as Abbey, Augustus Saint–Gaudens, and Elihu Vedder would draw on the same crafts ideal, namely, an aesthetic for hard work and the “simple” productions of artisanal labor as an antidote to urban luxury. The club would find in guild fraternalism a weekly hobby, twelve men with sardines and crackers, noms de plume and seals, to revive a handicraft seen as both republican in its ethic and fashionably medieval. If modern life meant the enervation of Veblen's foppish and leisured class, the Tile Club was an authentically male pastime.

Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski was one of the greatest Polish scriptwriters, who in addition to numerous films based on his texts, left behind a trove of abandoned scripts. This article introduces Ścibor-Rylski as a highly versatile author, as exemplified by three scripts he wrote: Wczasy pod lipą [Lime Tree Holiday], Zaułek św. Sebastiana [Saint Sebastian Alley] and Stara baśń [An Ancient Tale]. Each of these scripts was written in a different convention and each was ordered by a different director, hence the title of this article – Aleksander Ścibor-Rylski in tandem with Kawalerowicz, Kutz and Hoffman. Apart from an analysis of the three scripts, the article describes the way they evolved, Ścibor-Rylski’s favourite stylistic clues and the reasons they remained unfinished.

The Punat Cove is one of the most striking features of the indented coastline of the island of Krk. The bay is fairly well sheltered and in the past it was a Karst valley which was later flooded by the sea. This region has favourable natural resources as well as rich anthropogenic tourist resources such as the Old Croatian chapel of St. Dunata and the Franciscan monastery and church on the island of Kosljun. The tourist development of the Punat Cove began in the second half of the 19th cent, with the arrival of individuals and organized groups of holiday-makers visiting the Franciscan monastery and church on Kosljun island. As early as 1876, the Bishop requested that a list of visitors to the island be kept by the Franciscan monks. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, hotels and restaurants began to appear in the town of Punat. A Swimming Club was founded and in 1912 the first small private beach was opened. During the period between the two World Wars, new boarding-houses and hotels were built, a large new beach was constructed and the coastal zone was reforested and leveled. Following 1945, tourism in Punat was known for its company vacation homes and children’s rest homes, its newly built motor camps and hotels and its marina which was to become the largest in the Adriatic Sea. Companies which were founded through the various phases of tourist development in the Punat Cove played a profound role in the management of tourism resources and the development of tourism. The most evident effect of the modem tourist evaluation of Punat are the recently built settlements of holiday houses south of the old center of Punat. There are about 1000 of these holiday houses in the Punat Municipality, mostly belonging to owners from Zagreb and Rijeka.

Attempts have been made for long to classify tourists by activities, interests and opinions (AIOs), by values and even, typology of the tourist based on personality characteristics. Pearce (1993) observes, tourist motivation is in fact “discretionary, episodic, future oriented, dynamic, socially influenced, and evolving” with “attitudes, behavioural intentions, values, preferences, beliefs, needs, and goals thereby presenting spaghetti of overlapping and interlocking concepts”. This research paper is a case study of how ‘Club Mahindra Holidays' flagship brand of Mahindra Holidays & Resorts India Ltd., (MHRIL) started in 1996, has been successful in motivating tourism in general and in India in particular. It also attempts to understand how tourism is based on motivating theories and draw lessons for evolving successful tourism strategies based on the core values such as Reliability, Trust and Customer Satisfaction. The case study will enable tourism organizations to adopt best practices, strategize well for success and contribute to economic development in this era of globalization.

This paper examines how domestic and leisure practices of Siberian town-dwellers in the early 1920s were influenced by the state anti-religious policy. By examining state activities, the paper shows an enormous expansion of state intervention in the sphere of private life of the Yenissei province town-dwellers, their leisure activities and domestic practices. The participation of Siberian town-dwellers in the work of clubs, societies, lectures and new “proletarian” holidays became the mechanisms for secularizing their daily lives. The construction of the “new communist way of life” was underway and the state secularization policy became an additional catalyst for changes in domestic practices and a cause of family conflicts. By focusing on the above-mentioned period and using publications of the local leading periodical “Krasnoyarsk Worker” published in the Yenissei province since the year 1905 until recently, the article demonstrates the tendencies of changes in everyday life of the Yenissei province town-dwellers targeted by the state anti-religious policy.

This article presents the disparate, yet similar, stories of foreign tourist resorts built on Yugoslavia’s coast in the 1960s: two of them owned privately, by the French Club Méditerranée, in Pakoštane (Croatia) and on Sveti Marko island (Montenegro); one, in Bečići (Montenegro), the property of socialist Czechoslovakia and its Trade Union organization ( Revoluční Odborové Hnutí). Drawing on archival documents, newspapers, and magazine articles as well as interviews, I discuss why these resorts were established, and how they operated within their specific material, financial, and metaphorical contexts, while also examining how tourists and tourism planners assigned meanings to tourism, and envisioned it within its global context. The French-owned Club Med’s resorts were profit-oriented, private initiatives that catered toward individuals and families on vacations that were envisioned as a means of personal growth. Revoluční Odborové Hnutí’s resort, by contrast, was owned by socialist Czechoslovakia’s labor union. It served union members and their families, and was designed according to principles of social and collective tourism. Nevertheless, as this article argues, each of these resorts embodied core features of the modern, time-restricted, spatially managed, and pleasure-oriented experience of vacation abroad. Moreover, a concept of insularity—the comfort of sojourning in a self-contained space that was at once foreign and familiar—defined each resort’s conception and promotion of their seaside vacations, thus bridging the projects’ ideological and institutional differences, and superseding local understandings of place. The projects’ histories, finally, prefigured contemporary tourism’s contradictions and complexities, such as the dwindling of conventional distinctions (between home and abroad, for instance). At the background of this comparative analysis is the broader history of tourism in postwar Yugoslavia, which held high hopes for tourism as a vector for economic development and the promotion of good international relations.

The features of extracurricular work with foreign students in the format of meetings of the student association “Russian Club” are considered. The main goals, objectives and principles on which the classes are based are indicated. The most effective forms of extracurricular work are described, including intercultural communication training, master classes, project activities and educational excursions. We describe the traditional events held within the framework of this student association. The outline of the organization and holding of the meeting dedicated to the celebration of the Old New Year in Russia is presented. Brief information about the history of this holiday is given. All stages of the preparation and conduct of various competitions and festive tasks are considered in detail from a methodic and organizational standpoint, aimed for in-depth introduction of students into the meaning of the phenomena being studied and their authentic introduction to Russian national cultural traditions. The work is addressed to teachers of Russian as a foreign language.

Seeks to review the all‐inclusive concept in the context of the Caribbean. The origin of all‐inclusives in the world and the Caribbean is analysed. The concept was first introduced in holiday camps in Britain during the 1930s. Club Med is credited for popularizing the concept globally in the 1950s. However, the credit of introducing a luxury version of the all‐inclusive concept goes to a Jamaican hotelier and co‐author of this article. In defining the concept of all‐inclusives, one cannot ignore the significant role Jamaica has played. Currently, Jamaica has 17 of the best 100 all‐inclusive resorts in the world. Even though all‐inclusives are occasionally criticized, they are seen as a necessary evil. Concludes by predicting that all‐inclusives are here to stay in the Caribbean and will play a major role in tourism for the foreseeable future.

This article considers the main leisure activities of Magnitogorsk residents in the early 1950s based on their personal memories, local materials of the clerical sources, and periodicals. The analysis shows how the residents spent their free time and what emotions they had. On the one hand, the leisure options of that time (for example, going to cinemas, theaters, parks, circuses, libraries, concerts, sports sections, hobby clubs, public lectures, public readings of books, educational meetings arranged by the party, as well as organizing holidays and public events, amateur art shows, mass leisure out of town, resort holidays, etc.) were largely defined by the political regime and ideology. On the other hand, the urban community either tacitly rejected or changed those activities that turned out to be unpopular or boring. At the same time, one of the main trends supported by the Magnitogorsk residents was collectivism and publicity while engaging in a leisure activity. The latter two formed an integral part of the Soviet consciousness. Particular attention is paid to the problems faced by the city in the organization of leisure and recreational activities: the construction of cultural and entertainment venues failed to keep up with the growth of the city population; some residents were not properly educated about the value and importance of certain leisure types. The workers were tired because of their hard working shifts at the metallurgical plant and everyday life, thus many of them showed no interest in outdoor activities. It is concluded that the organization of leisure time in Magnitogorsk, which was a role model for the entire Soviet society, was essential in upholding the morale of its residents.

Background Population growth rates in many parts of northern Australia have slowed considerably in recent years. Governments are interested in identifying northern migration ‘markets’ as potential targets for a mix of marketing and policy-based approaches to improve population attraction and retention. In the Northern Territory (NT), German-born residents present an interesting case study. Many are long-term residents (‘sticky’), highly educated, in professional jobs and say they are likely to stay. Aims We profile and report on a study of German-born NT residents as one important international market for offsetting population losses. Understanding factors which have contributed to the attraction and retention of this group may help to inform policies and initiatives to improve the population position of the NT and northern Australia more broadly. Data and methods Data for the paper is sourced from the 2016 ABS Census of Population and Housing (Census) and the 2017 German Territorian Survey (GTS) conducted by Charles Darwin University. Results German-born residents are a relatively immobile (‘sticky’) and educated population group in the NT with a high ratio of females. Many of those surveyed, in particular those who had arrived as working holiday makers or tourists, exhibited little or no intention of leaving. Lifestyle factors, climate and job opportunities ranked highly in decisions to stay. Conclusions The study of German-born Territorians holds promise for developing targetted niche migration initiatives to address skills and population deficits in the NT and northern Australia. Analysis of responses to the GTS highlighted opportunities for recruiting skilled women and the importance of tourism as a source for labour supply and population growth.

AbstractUp-to-date nature tourism trends witness a growth of customer-oriented unique experiences. The present paper explores the potential of treehouses in nature tourism development in Latvia by providing unique and authentic experiences. Using the method of practical modelling several distinct treehouse construction methods are compared considering regional differences and different use cases. To achieve the set goal, three separate practical modelling workshops in different municipalities in Latvia were organised during the summer holidays of 2016–2018. History and construction types of treehouses were analysed as well as 30 experts from the local municipalities, treehouse companies, workshop participants, clients and customers were interviewed. The presented study is based on the 4-year experience of participation in several European treehouse workshops and organisation of the local treehouse activities and events in Latvia as well as learnings from managing an outdoor recreation company “Movement Spontaneous” and co-founding the Latvian Outdoor Association “Outdoor Club Latvia” in 2018.

AbstractThe presented article focuses on the analysis of the transposition of a national event into supranational one, the most striking example of which is the confrontation of Real Madrid with FC Barcelona, known as El Clásico. The text will examine the elements used in the process of recasting the event, which are decisive for giving it a meaning beyond the framework of a single country. The hypothesis is as follows: “While still functioning in the Spanish symbolic space, Real Madrid and FC Barcelona have transposed the mutual rivalry through permutation of the national event into supranational one, using elements that constitute and determine the specificity of the club. It was possible through reification of identity and orientation towards the idea of social identity”. It indicates the direction of research, which differs from treating this phenomenon only in marketing terms. It also outlines two basic points of reference, focusing the analysis on aspects related to identification issues. These, as will be shown in the text, determine the possibility of emotional involvement of supporters all over the world in experiencing a national holiday such as the confrontation of the Los Blancos and Blaugrana, without having to decode the primordial component which is political and social conflict.

This paper reconstructs the historical geographies of a family holiday and field trip in 1952 to Glen Roy, Scotland, site of the famous Parallel Roads. The puzzle of the Parallel Roads' origin has generated a hefty literature over the years, much of it written by eminent scientists, but is here considered through an episode in the scientific history of Glen Roy that did not make the published record. The primary source is the Murray family's expedition logbook: a private and personal document that records the various aspects of life and work in the field. This is supplemented by the family's oral history. Drawing on concepts from science studies and geography, the paper tries to ‘get behind the science’ itself to explore the underlying motives and actions that make it happen. These are intrinsically geographical, because they shape, and are shaped by, the relationships between people, ideas and places. Two themes are central to the account of these other historical geographies of this trip to Glen Roy. The first of these is the coming together of a distinctly local community of knowledge in the Badenoch Field Club in the early 1950s. The second, revealed by the logbook's emphasis on storytelling, travelling and residing, is the way in which the presence of the family in the field changes the ways in which the site of scientific investigation is experienced and understood.

The paper investigates issues of organization of cadets' cultural life, leisure, and everyday life in the Hetman Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy (NAA) in Lviv. It is noted that the system of NAA's patriotic education is based on the idea of the development of Ukrainian statehood as a unifying factor in the development of Ukrainian society and the Ukrainian political nation. It is claimed that the main directions that provide the cultural development of the NAA cadets are: cycles of thematic events dedicated to the formation of cadets' love for the chosen profession and military job; courage lessons during meetings with veterans of World War ІІ, the NAA graduates, awarded state awards during the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) in Eastern Ukraine; events to honor top cadets; involvement of cadets-participants of the ATO for carrying out educational military-patriotic activities for secondary school students; concerts and art competitions among the cadet units; sports celebrations and competitions, including international ones; Remembrance Days, especially in memoriam of the NAA graduates who died during the ATO; chaplains' pastoral counseling for military personnel and members of their families, religious and educational work, pastoral care and charity; using of such opportunities as clubs and libraries, rooms of military traditions, Lviv cultural and historical institutions (theaters, museums, cinemas, scientific and art exhibitions, churches, etc.), including the relevant infrastructure of the NAA, for organizing quality evening time, leisure on holidays and weekends. Keywords: NAA, patriotic education, leisure, pastoral counseling, everyday life, educational and material base, cultural life, cadet

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of teaching Ukrainian folk dances to children and youth in Galicia (1919-1939), when it was important to preserve national identity, and the study of folk choreography was one of the means of national-patriotic education and cultural development. The authors argue that the interest in folk dance was revived under the influence of a choreographer Vasyl Avramenko’s performing skills and pedagogical activity. Vasyl Avramenko ystematized the theory and practice of folk dances teaching and opened the first school of Ukrainian national dances. The school functioned in various cities of Galicia. It is emphasized the role of cultural, educational and sports societies and organizations in popularizing the art of folk dance among children and youth. Thus, folk dances were taught at various courses, clubs and societies such as «Prosvita», «Ukrainska Zakhoronka», “Ridna shkola”, gymnastics societies «Sokil», «Luh» etc. It is discovered that at concerts on various holidays children and youth performed Ukrainian folk dances and music performances based on folk motifs interpreted by Vasyl Avramenko, Oksana Sukhoverska, Volodymyr Terletskyi, Yaroslav Bulka, Petro Lazoryshchak and other choreographers. The most popular folk dances were: «Kolomyika», «Arkan», «Kateryna», «Chumak», «Kozachok», «Hopak», «Zhuravel». Dancers performed them solo, in pairs or in groups. Although the methodolody of dance teaching was not systematized and well-developed, students developed a sense of rhythm and harmony, grace, plasticity, artistry. This was confirmed by numerous positive reviews on the performances of young Ukrainian dancers in the press of the time. Keywords: folk dance, folk dance courses, cultural and educational organizations, youth societies.

The article deals with theoretical ideas about legal literacy and legal culture of preschoolers as the basis for sustainable development of the education system. The essential characteristics of the concept "legal literacy for senior preschool children" at the initial stages of personality formation as a combination of the following components have been determined: children's ideas about rights and obligations, values of morality and law, assessment of their own actions and behavior of other people from the point of view of the rule of law. The author's technology for the formation of legal literacy in senior preschool age is described (a cycle of educational events, joint activities of teachers and children, free activities of children, etc.). In the course of the experiment, methodological support was developed for the process of forming the foundations of legal literacy in children of senior preschool age: “a piggy bank of legal stories”, scenarios for ethical conversations, discussions, travel games; projects aimed at studying family traditions, holidays, rules of conduct, ensuring rights and freedoms in families of preschoolers: traditions of grandparents, work plan of the young parents club; requirements for the organization of a developing object-spatial environment.

The leisure time of rural teachers in Halychyna in Soviet times has been studied, taking into account the main conditions that determined it. It was found that the socio-economic actuality of Soviet reality, living in rural areas, traits of teacher's labor, cultural traditions of society and its intellectual inquiry, and personal aspirations or preferences were the governing conditions for the formation of teachers’ leisure time. Special attention was paid to reading as a way of spending teachers’ free time after their professional, family, or household responsibilities. Oral-historical narratives recorded with former teachers in the villages of Lviv and Ternopil regions, unpublished cases of the departments of Soviet education of Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regional archives, and published documents of the Soviet period are analyzed. The «serious» teachers’ leisure pastime is stated – it is reading art books and Soviet periodicals, watching movies in rural clubs, participating, and most often organization of themed holidays, evenings, and concerts. It is concluded that the boundaries between teachers' free time and their professional, family, or household responsibilities are blurred. The leisure time of teachers was «professionalized», put it otherwise it acquired the features of a «supplement» to work and preparation for it. The choice of possibilities for its holding depended on their professional activities and their social «loads». It is proved that the construct of «leisure time» was one of the Soviet social policy and social engineering elements. Soviet social engineering aimed not only to guide, control, or intimidate people by using a variety of approaches but also to fill their free time most effectively. Soviet social engineering embodied the concept of «culture» with its ideological content in the formation of the Soviet «lifestyle». One of the common practices of «culture» was reading. Keywords reading, leisure time, Soviet period, teachers, Halychyna, everyday life.

We have recently hypothesized that low vitamin D status may contribute to the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (CHF). This study was aimed at evaluating, in a pilot study, whether CHF patients have indications for a low vitamin D status during earlier periods of their lives. We performed a case-controlled study in 150 CHF patients and 150 controls. Study participants had to answer a questionnaire that included several items concerning vitamin D-associated lifestyle factors during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. A vitamin D score was constructed. This score takes into consideration that ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure is the major vitamin D source for humans and that those lifestyle factors, which are associated with regular UVB exposure, can guarantee an adequate vitamin D status at best. The vitamin D score was significantly higher in controls than in patients (p < 0.001). Compared with the controls, more patients lived in large cities (p < 0.001), fewer patients were members of a sport club (p < 0.001), and fewer patients had summer holidays every year (p < 0.01). Patients also reported significantly less alcohol consumption during adulthood than controls (p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that CHF patients and controls differed in several vitamin D-associated lifestyle factors and in alcohol consumption during earlier periods of their lives.

The article describes the directions of distribution of books for children in the Eastern regions of Russia that have appeared in the last decade. Based on a combination of landscape-reconstructing principles, surveys, and comparative typological analysis, the article presents data that expand previously studied aspects of the functioning of the main channels for the sale of books for children in the Siberian-Far Eastern region. It is shown that books for children are the largest segment of the Russian book market, which has been growing since 2008. At the regional level, they are widely presented in all book distribution channels: bookselling networks and independent stores; online stores; book departments of supermarkets (non-core retail); kiosks and stalls; book fairs. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current trends in the distribution of books for children in the region. Positive trends typical for the children book market in the Siberian-far Eastern region are identified. They are: the activity of children book supermarkets, the appearance of independent small stores of club-backstage format, the organization of specialized children Internet projects; increasing the importance of regional book exhibitions, fairs, festivals and holidays in the distribution of books for children; projects support by major Russian patrons. The significance of the study of new practices for the distribution of literature for children and youth in the region is determined by their influence on the formation of a new conceptual model for the popularization of reading, based on the idea of culture as a powerful lever of socio-economic development of territories.

By means of the case study method the problem of revealing the results of the 1930’s Cultural Revolution in the leisure-time behavior of the rural youth has been posed in the article. The Cultural Revolution is understood by the author as a large Soviet project which was started in the 1920s and finished in the post-war decade with the formation of the Soviet man, who mastered the Bolshevik journalese and the necessary public ritual practices along with the symbols of the Soviet system. Antireligious agitation was an integral component of the Cultural Revolution; in fact it was its core. As the subject of the historical reconstruction it was chosen an incident in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Gamovo village during the Easter holiday 1953. A document with the description of the incident compiled by P.S. Gorbunov, plenipotentiary for the Russian Orthodox Church in Molotov Region has been analyzed in detail. For the solution of this problem the author applied the resources which hadn’t been introduced for the scientific use earlier: materials from Party conferences and meetings; information from the Administration of the MGB in the Molotov region, letters and written requests to the Regional Committee of the CPSU. The original thesis of the article is stated as follows. As a result of the Cultural Revolution it was formed a new type of the Soviet person who according to the basic characteristics was divided into two types: the urban inhabitant living by his on private interests, and the hooligan from the workers' suburb, a violent and disruptive troublemaker. In the article it is reconstructed the events which took place in the village church on the night from the third to the fourth of April, 1953: intrusion of the drunken young men, their outrage on the porch and in the church fence, a knife-fight and, finally, a murder. The author has offered a hypothesis making possible to explain their licentious behavior by the fact that in the culture of working (rural) youth the boundaries between different kinds of space were erased. The Orthodox Church and the village club were identical for them in their leisure value. The norms of street and courtyard culture were applied to them equally. The status of the temple was lower than that of the club. Young people equated the church with something backward, boring, and old. The party and punitive agencies did all they could to alienate the new generation from any form of religious life. As a result, young people either stood aside the Orthodox Church or treated it with contempt, or, in exceptional cases, outraged within its bounds.