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Journal articles on the topic 'Hole dynamics'

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Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Hu, Xinyu, Yingjie Wei, Cong Wang, Guilin Wang, and Yulin Wang. "Cavity dynamics of the projectile passing through the ice hole." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 11 (March 21, 2023): 114702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142204.

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It is of great significance to explore the ocean environment and strategic deployment under the polar ice layer. In this paper, the evolution laws of the water entry cavity of projectiles passing through ice holes with different shapes and sizes are studied, and the motion states of projectiles passing through holes are described. The case of zero-gap contact motion between a projectile and a hole is considered. The results show that the initial resistance drag of the projectile passing through the circular ice hole is the largest in the case of zero-gap contact, and the cavity collapse is serious, while almost no cavity appears at the shoulder of the projectile when passing through the square hole. The intersection of splash crowns is formed at the square and triangular ice holes as the hole size increases, a diffused cavity is formed at the bottom of the hole edge, and the formation of the jet appears multiple times at each stage. Some unique vortices appear near the hole when the projectile passes through the hole. The variations of force and velocity of the projectile passing through the triangular hole are stable, but the velocity drop is the largest.

2

Eliasson, B., and P. K. Shukla. "The dynamics of electron and ion holes in a collisionless plasma." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 12, no. 2 (February 11, 2005): 269–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-12-269-2005.

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Abstract. We present a review of recent analytical and numerical studies of the dynamics of electron and ion holes in a collisionless plasma. The new results are based on the class of analytic solutions which were found by Schamel more than three decades ago, and which here work as initial conditions to numerical simulations of the dynamics of ion and electron holes and their interaction with radiation and the background plasma. Our analytic and numerical studies reveal that ion holes in an electron-ion plasma can trap Langmuir waves, due the local electron density depletion associated with the negative ion hole potential. Since the scale-length of the ion holes are on a relatively small Debye scale, the trapped Langmuir waves are Landau damped. We also find that colliding ion holes accelerate electron streams by the negative ion hole potentials, and that these streams of electrons excite Langmuir waves due to a streaming instability. In our Vlasov simulation of two colliding ion holes, the holes survive the collision and after the collision, the electron distribution becomes flat-topped between the two ion holes due to the ion hole potentials which work as potential barriers for low-energy electrons. Our study of the dynamics between electron holes and the ion background reveals that standing electron holes can be accelerated by the self-created ion cavity owing to the positive electron hole potential. Vlasov simulations show that electron holes are repelled by ion density minima and attracted by ion density maxima. We also present an extension of Schamel's theory to relativistically hot plasmas, where the relativistic mass increase of the accelerated electrons have a dramatic effect on the electron hole, with an increase in the electron hole potential and in the width of the electron hole. A study of the interaction between electromagnetic waves with relativistic electron holes shows that electromagnetic waves can be both linearly and nonlinearly trapped in the electron hole, which widens further due to the relativistic mass increase and ponderomotive force in the oscillating electromagnetic field. The results of our simulations could be helpful to understand the nonlinear dynamics of electron and ion holes in space and laboratory plasmas.

3

Antil, Pearl, and Amita Malik. "Hole Detection for Quantifying Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/969501.

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Owing to random deployment, environmental factors, dynamic topology, and external attacks, emergence of holes in wireless sensor networks is inescapable. Hole is an area in sensor network around which sensors cease to sense or communicate due to drainage of battery or any fault, either temporary or permanent. Holes impair sensing and communication functions of network; thus their identification is a major concern. This paper discusses different types of holes and significance of hole detection in wireless sensor networks. Coverage hole detection schemes have been classified into three categories based on the type of information used by algorithms, computation model, and network dynamics for better understanding. Then, relative strengths and shortcomings of some of the existing coverage hole detection algorithms are discussed. The paper is concluded by highlighting various future research directions.

4

Khan, Muhammad Atif, Farhad Ali, Nahid Fatima, and Mohamed Abd El-Moneam. "Particles Dynamics in Schwarzschild like Black Hole with Time Contracting Horizon." Axioms 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12010034.

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The black holes radiate their mass and energy in the form of gravitational waves and Hawking-radiation, which lead to a decrease in the mass and energy of the black holes. During the formation of gravitational waves and Hawking radiation, the mass and energy of black holes reduce continuously with the passage of time t. For this reason the metric tensor of the black hole should depends on time t. In this work, a time-dependent term is introduced in the horizon of black hole without losing its symmetry structure by using the approximate Noether symmetry equation. The time-dependent term affects the effective potential, effective force, and all the dynamic features of the black hole. They are discussed for neutral and charged particles. Profiles of the escape velocity of colliding particles are also taken into consideration. Lyapunov exponent is used to check the stability of the orbits of the black hole. Hawking temperature, Bekenstein entropy, Komar energy, and specific energy at horizon of the black hole are discussed in this scenario.

5

Hutchinson, I. H. "Ion hole equilibrium and dynamics in one dimension." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 3 (March 2023): 032107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142790.

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Electrostatic solitary waves with negative potential (ion holes) are analyzed theoretically using a generalization of the treatment recently developed for slow electron holes. It is shown that an often-cited criterion for their existence is mistaken, and they can, in fact, exist for a wide range of ion to electron temperature ratios. Shifts of the hole velocity vh relative to the ion distributions systematically decrease the permitted hole depths, which become extremely small by [Formula: see text]. Ion holes are usually unstably accelerated by electron reflection forces which are calculated numerically and analytically for the resulting asymmetric potential structure. The timescale of this acceleration is proportional to the ion plasma period and generally longer than the ion bounce time in the potential well. Thus, ion holes behave like approximately rigid entities and even when unstable can survive much longer than the typical transit time of a satellite, so as to be observable.

6

Xu, J. H., C. S. Ting, and T. K. Lee. "Hole dynamics and effective hole-hole interaction in a quantum antiferromagnet." Physical Review B 43, no. 10 (April 1, 1991): 8733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.43.8733.

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7

Zhang, Baocheng. "Thermodynamics of Acoustic Black Holes in Two Dimensions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5710625.

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It is well-known that the thermal Hawking-like radiation can be emitted from the acoustic horizon, but the thermodynamic-like understanding for acoustic black holes was rarely made. In this paper, we will show that the kinematic connection can lead to the dynamic connection at the horizon between the fluid and gravitational models in two dimensions, which implies that there exists the thermodynamic-like description for acoustic black holes. Then, we discuss the first law of thermodynamics for the acoustic black hole via an intriguing connection between the gravitational-like dynamics of the acoustic horizon and thermodynamics. We obtain a universal form for the entropy of acoustic black holes, which has an interpretation similar to the entropic gravity. We also discuss the specific heat and find that the derivative of the velocity of background fluid can be regarded as a novel acoustic analogue of the two-dimensional dilaton potential, which interprets why the two-dimensional fluid dynamics can be connected to the gravitational dynamics but it is difficult for four-dimensional case. In particular, when a constraint is added for the fluid, the analogue of a Schwarzschild black hole can be realized.

8

Corman, Maxence, William E. East, and Justin L. Ripley. "Evolution of black holes through a nonsingular cosmological bounce." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 09 (September 1, 2022): 063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/063.

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Abstract We study the classical dynamics of black holes during a nonsingular cosmological bounce. Taking a simple model of a nonsingular bouncing cosmology driven by the combination of a ghost and ordinary scalar field, we use nonlinear evolutions of the Einstein equations to follow rotating and non-rotating black holes of different sizes through the bounce. The violation of the null energy condition allows for a shrinking black hole event horizon and we find that for sufficiently large black holes (relative to the minimum Hubble radius) the black hole apparent horizon can disappear during the contraction phase. Despite this, we show that most of the local cosmological evolution remains largely unaffected by the presence of the black hole. We find that, independently of the black hole's initial mass, the black hole's event horizon persists throughout the bounce, and the late time dynamics consists of an expanding universe with a black hole of mass comparable to its initial value.

9

Rayimbaev, Javlon, Nozima Juraeva, Malika Khudoyberdiyeva, Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov, and Mardon Abdullaev. "Quasiperiodic Oscillations and Dynamics of Test Particles around Regular-Kiselev Black Holes." Galaxies 11, no. 6 (November 16, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11060113.

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Testing gravity theories combining (massive and massless) scalar & electrodynamic fields become the most important issue in relativistic astrophysics using data from, black hole observations. In the present work, we first show a spherically symmetric black hole solution in general relativity coupling to generic-type nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) together with the quintessential field. We also obtain possible values for the parameters of the quintessential field and NED charge in the black hole environment for different values of degree of nonlinearity. Also, event horizon properties and scalar invariants of the black hole spacetime are studied. We investigate the equatorial motion of test particles around the regular-Kiselev black holes and study the combined effects of quintessential field and the NED charge of the black hole on particle angular momentum together with its energy at their circular orbits as well as their innermost circular stable orbits (ISCOs) and compared the obtained results with Reissner-Nordström black hole (RN BH) case. Moreover, we study particle oscillations along the orbits above than ISCO and applications to quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) where we obtain constrain values for the quintessential parameter and black hole mass charge parameters using observational QPO data from microquasars.

10

AKHMEDOV, E. T. "BLACK HOLE THERMODYNAMICS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF SUPERSTRING THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 01 (January 10, 2000): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00000021.

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In this review we try to give a pedagogical introduction to the recent progress in the resolution of old problems of black hole thermodynamics within superstring theory. We start with a brief description of classical black hole dynamics. Then, follow with the consideration of general properties of supersymmetric black holes. We conclude with the review of the statistical explanation of the black hole entropy and string theory description of the black hole evaporation.

11

Schoeberl, Mark R. "Dynamics weaken the polar hole." Nature 336, no. 6198 (December 1988): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/336420a0.

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12

Campillo, I., A. Rubio, J. M. Pitarke, A. Goldmann, and P. M. Echenique. "Hole Dynamics in Noble Metals." Physical Review Letters 85, no. 15 (October 9, 2000): 3241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.85.3241.

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13

Higginson, A. K., S. K. Antiochos, C. R. DeVore, P. F. Wyper, and T. H. Zurbuchen. "Dynamics of Coronal Hole Boundaries." Astrophysical Journal 837, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/837/2/113.

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14

Brito Cruz, C. H., J. P. Gordon, P. C. Becker, R. L. Fork, and C. V. Shank. "Dynamics of spectral hole burning." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, no. 2 (February 1988): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.122.

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15

Chen, Baobao, Changyou Liu, and Jingxuan Yang. "Design and Application of Blasting Parameters for Presplitting Hard Roof with the Aid of Empty-Hole Effect." Shock and Vibration 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8749415.

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Theoretical calculation and numerical simulation were performed to analyze the mechanism of rock fracturing between holes in deep-hole presplit blasting, crack evolution under the synergistic action of dynamic and static loads, and the mechanism of fracture movement guided by tangential stress concentration of empty holes. The pattern and characteristic zones of main and wing cracks across a cross section were identified. Combined with blast dynamics, the scope of stress-induced cracks around blast holes and the maximum length of secondary cracks induced by detonation gas was calculated. It was found that the initiation and extension of cracks were oriented predominantly along the line passing through the hole centers (LPTHC). Moreover, the maximum length of the tensile crack zone induced by reflected stress waves was obtained. The effects of empty-hole diameter and charge coefficient on crack propagation were analyzed, and the proper blast-hole spacing was determined. Later, a LS-DYNA3D blast model was used to illustrate von Mises stress propagation, strain variation, and evolution of main and wing cracks between holes. The scope of strain failure, fracture pattern, and crack characteristic zones in the rock mass was determined. The results demonstrate that the hole spacing, at 3.2 m, is reasonable. Furthermore, blasting parameters were determined for 8939 working face at Xinzhouyao Mine and then deep-hole blasting was implemented to presplit the hard roof. After presplitting, the working resistance of supports was significantly reduced, thereby achieving effective control on the hard roof.

16

Putra, A., Y. M. Cheah, N. Muhammad, A. Rivai, and C. M. Wai. "The Effect of Perforation on the Dynamics of a Flexible Panel." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2014 (September 17, 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/526045.

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Introduction of holes into plate-like structures is commonly found as one of the practical noise control measures to reduce sound radiation. However, perforation also reduces the panel stiffness and hence increases its vibration. The discussion on this effect is lacking and hence this paper discusses the dynamics of a perforated panel from the results obtained from Finite Element (FE) model. Different hole geometries and arrangement are simulated to investigate their effect on the plate mobility. In general, it is found that increasing the perforation ratio increases the plate mobility. For a fixed perforation ratio, the mobility increases at high frequency (above 1 kHz) for a smaller hole density in the plate. The plate with holes concentrated at the middle shows the largest increase of vibration around the plate centre compared to those uniformly distributed or away from the middle and concentrated at the plate edges. This is because as the hole separation becomes smaller, the reduction of the global stiffness around the mid area of the plate becomes greater. This also corresponds to the finding here that the mobility is greater at the vicinity of the hole. Different conditions of the plate edges are found to give consistent trend of the effect of perforation.

17

Rastello, Sara, Ugo N. di Carlo, Michela Mapelli, Nicola Giacobbo, and Alessandro Ballone. "Black Hole dynamics in Young Star Clusters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S351 (May 2019): 490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131900680x.

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AbstractYoung star clusters are a promising environment for forming binary black holes. Such binaries may form dynamically or via binary star evolution or through the interplay of these two channels. To study these formation pathways, we have performed high precision direct N-body simulations of low-mass (M < 1000 M⊙) young star clusters. The simulations were carried out with the code Nbody6++GPU coupled with the population synthesis code MOBSE. Our results highlight the importance of dynamics to form massive black hole binaries even in low-mass young star clusters.

18

Murodov, Sardor, Javlon Rayimbaev, Bobomurat Ahmedov, and Eldor Karimbaev. "Quasiperiodic Oscillations and Dynamics of Test Particles around Quasi- and Non-Schwarzschild Black Holes." Universe 9, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9090391.

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One of the open problems in black hole physics is testing spacetime around black holes through astrophysical observations in the strong field regime. In fact, black holes cannot produce radiation themselves in the electromagnetic spectrum. However, a black hole’s gravity plays an important role in the production of the radiation of the accretion disc around it. One may obtain valuable information from the electromagnetic radiation of accretion discs about the gravitational properties of the spacetime around black holes. In this work, we study particle dynamics in the spacetime of quasi- and non-Schwarzschild black holes. We compare the gravitational effects of the spacetime deformation parameters of both black hole solutions on the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) radius, position, energy, and angular momentum of test particles at the ISCO, together with the energy efficiency of the accretion disc in the thin Novikov–Thorn model. Furthermore, we study the frequencies of particle oscillations in the radial and angular directions along circular stable orbits around both deformed black holes. Furthermore, we investigate quasiperiodic oscillations around the black holes in the relativistic precession model. We show the dependence of the deviation parameters on the orbits of twin peak QPOs with the frequency ratio 3:2. In the obtained results, we compare the gravitational effects of deviation parameters with the spin of a rotating Kerr black hole. Finally, we obtain constraints on the values of the deviation parameter of the spacetime around the black hole at the center of the microquasars GRO J1655-40 and GRS 1915-105 and their mass, using the χ2 method.

19

Cheng, Zai Bin, Wei Jiang, Ge Xue Ren, Jian Liang Zhou, Shi Quan Jiang, Cai Jin Yang, and Bao Sheng He. "A Multibody Dynamical Model for Full Hole Drillstring Dynamics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 378 (August 2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.378.91.

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The research on drillstring dynamics is necessary for improving drilling efficiency and safety. In this investigation, a multibody dynamical model for 3D full hole drillstring system is presented based on the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). The drillstring is modeled with the ANCF beam element. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation of the beam element as well as the boundary conditions at the top-drive and drill-bit, and the contact/friction model between drillstring and wellbore are also investigated. The dynamic governing equation for full hole drillstring system is given and solved by the backward differentiation formulation (BDF) for differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The developed multibody dynamic solver is capable of analyzing full coupled vibration for the full hole drillstring system. It can play a certain role in drillstring dynamics researches and engineering applications.

20

Prihadi, Hadyan L., Muhammad F. A. R. Sakti, Getbogi Hikmawan, and Freddy P. Zen. "Dynamics of charged and rotating NUT black holes in Rastall gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 03 (February 2020): 2050021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500212.

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In this work, the Kerr–Newman-NUT black hole solution in Rastall gravity is proposed and it turns out that the horizon is [Formula: see text] dependence. Black hole dynamics such as the event horizons, ergosurface, zero angular momentum observer (ZAMO), thermodynamic properties, and the equatorial circular orbit around the black hole such as static radius limit, null equatorial circular orbit, and innermost stable circular orbit are investigated in this work. How the NUT and Rastall parameter affect the dynamic of the black hole is also shown.

21

GOLDBERGER, WALTER D., and IRA Z. ROTHSTEIN. "TOWERS OF GRAVITATIONAL THEORIES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 15, no. 12 (December 2006): 2293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271806009698.

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In this essay, we introduce a theoretical framework designed to describe black hole dynamics. The difficulties in understanding such dynamics stems from the proliferation of scales involved when one attempts to simultaneously describe all of the relevant dynamical degrees of freedom. These range from the modes that describe the black hole horizon, which are responsible for dissipative effects, to the long wavelength gravitational radiation that drains mechanical energy from macroscopic black hole bound states. We approach the problem from a Wilsonian point of view, by building a tower of theories of gravity each of which is valid at different scales. The methodology leads to multiple new results in diverse topics including phase transitions of Kaluza–Klein black holes and the interactions of spinning black hole in non-relativistic orbits. Moreover, our methods tie together speculative ideas regarding dualities for black hole horizons to real physical measurements in gravitational wave detectors.

22

Reinhall, P. G., and D. W. Storti. "Modeling and Analysis of the Dynamics of a Drill Penetrating a Thin Plate." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171832.

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We propose a simplified model of the drilling process which is useful in understanding the problem of noncircular hole production. The dynamics of a drill penetrating a circular hole in a rigid plate are studied analytically, and numerical methods are then used to include the effects of material removal. We show that certain drill trajectories which lead to noncircular holes can be stabilized by material removal. Based on these findings, we recommend careful drill speed selection as a means of minimizing the probability of noncircular hole production, and explain why even this solution may not be sufficient for the case of very soft or composite plate materials.

23

YALÇIN, DİLAN, and Serhat İkizoğlu. "Fluid Dynamics Analysis in NDIR Gas Sensor Capsule Designed with Convergent Nozzles." European Journal of Research and Development 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v3i1.236.

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Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensor capsules have holes for gas inlet-outlet. The volumetric flow rate of the target gas into the sensor capsule is a significant factor affecting the fast and accurate measurement of gas concentration. The structure and dimensions of the holes in the capsule affect the volumetric flow rate of the target gas. If cylindrical holes are preferred in sensor capsules, it is necessary to enlarge the hole diameter to increase the volumetric flow rate of the gas. However, enlarging the hole diameter in NDIR gas sensors increases IR rays exiting the sensor capsule. This energy loss reduces the light concentration reaching the detector and adversely affects sensor performance. One of the ways to increase the volumetric flow of gas passing through the barrier without enlarging the hole diameter is the use of a convergent nozzle structure. Convergent nozzles increase the gas inlet velocity by increasing the pressure difference between the inner and outer points of the barrier, thanks to their structure. In this study, fluid dynamics analysis was conducted in a sensor capsule with cylindrical holes of different diameters 1mm and 1.5 mm, and convergent nozzles of two different sizes 1.5 mm to 1mm and 2 mm to 1 mm. According to the results obtained, when 1.5 mm to 1 mm convergent nozzles are used, the gas’s volumetric flow rate is approximately the same as when using cylindrical holes with a diameter of 1.5 mm. Thus, the same result is obtained without increasing the hole area in the capsule by 2.25 times by using convergent nozzles, and additional IR rays are prevented from exiting the sensor capsule. Even higher volumetric flow rate values have been achieved using 2 mm to 1 mm convergent nozzles. With this study, the importance of the structure of the holes where the gas enters the capsule is emphasized for the fast and accurate operation of NDIR gas sensors.

24

Faizullin, Rinat, Sergey Miroshnichenko, and Ravil Sultanov. "Bottom-hole pressure optimization when operating the well lateral horizontal hole." E3S Web of Conferences 217 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021703008.

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The problem of optimization of technological parameters as a way to improve the efficiency of oil deposit exploitation is considered in the paper. There are no standards for parameters of well bottom-hole pressure for exploitation of lateral horizontal holes. The paper presents the evaluation of optimum bottom-hole pressure at which it is advisable to exploit the deposit lateral horizontal hole with maximum “water-free” production rate. Following the calculations carried out and analysis of the graphs of additional oil and liquid production dependence on bottom-hole pressure, graphs of production dynamics and water encroachment, it was concluded that 3 groups of drilling (kickoff) of lateral holes (KLH) should be distinguished: with high forecasted starting water encroachment (>90%), average starting water encroachment (about 80%), and low starting water encroachment (about 20-50%). The distinguished 3 groups allow applying the differentiation of parameters, for which optimum bottom-hole pressure parameters for each drilling group were found.

25

Ahmadzai, Mohammad Daud, and Noorullah Faizulbari. "Three Black Holes that are Coming Closer Together." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i04.021.

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We current the first completely relativistic lasting numerical progresses of three equal-mass black holes in a system containing of a third black hole in a close orbit about a black-hole dual. We discover that these close-three-black-hole systems have very dissimilar merger dynamics from black-hole duals. In specific, we see complex trajectories, a redeployment of energy that can communicate substantial kicks to one of the holes, characteristic waveforms, and suppression of the emitted gravitational radiation. We change two such configurations and discover very different actions. In one conformation the dual is quickly troubled and the separate holes follow complicated trajectories and coalesce with the third hole in fast succession, while in the other, the dual finishes a half-orbit before the initial merger of one of the members with the third black hole, and the subsequent two-black-hole system forms a highly indirect, well separated dual that shows no significant in spiral for (at least) the first t ∼ 1000 M of evolution.

26

GUBSER, STEVEN S. "HEAVY ION COLLISIONS AND BLACK HOLE DYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 03n04 (March 2008): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012425.

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Relativistic heavy ion collisions create a strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma. Some of the plasma's properties can be approximately understood in terms of a dual black hole. These properties include shear viscosity, thermalization time, and drag force on heavy quarks. They are hard to calculate from first principles in QCD. Extracting predictions about quark–gluon plasmas from dual black holes mostly involves solving Einstein's equations and classical string equations of motion. AdS/CFT provides a translation from gravitational calculations to gauge theory predictions. The gauge theory to which the predictions apply is [Formula: see text] super-Yang–Mills theory. QCD is different in many respects from super-Yang–Mills, but it seems that its high temperature properties are similar enough for us to make some meaningful comparisons.

27

Dotti, Massimo, Monica Colpi, Francesco Haardt, and Lucio Mayer. "Simulating the dynamics of binary black holes in nuclear gaseous discs." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S245 (July 2007): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308017778.

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AbstractWe study the pairing of massive black holes embedded in a massive circum–nuclear, rotationally supported disc, until they form a close binary. Using high resolution SPH simulations, we follow the black hole dynamics, and in particular the eccentricity evolution, as a function of the composition in stars and gas of the disc. Binary–disc interaction always leads to orbital decay and, in case of co–rotating black holes, to orbit circularization. We present also a higher resolution simulation performed using the particle–splitting technique showing that the binary orbital decay is efficient down to a separation of ~ 0.1 pc, comparable to our new resolution limit. We detail the gaseous mass profile bound to each black hole. Double nuclear activity is expected to occur on an estimated timescale of ≲ 10 Myrs.

28

BURR, KENT C., and C. L. TANG. "FEMTOSECOND TWO-PHOTON INDUCED LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF CARRIER THERMALIZATION AND THE LIFETIME OF SPLIT-OFF HOLES IN GaAs." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 09, no. 02 (June 2000): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863500000133.

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Time-resolved two-photon induced luminescence spectroscopy is used to study the relaxation dynamics of holes in GaAs following valence-to-conduction band femtosecond pulse excitation in the near-infrared and heavy- and light-hole to split-off resonant transitions in the mid-infrared. It is shown that there is a rapid change in the electron and hole temperatures due to thermalization of the carrier distributions in the valence and conduction bands and that the collisions between the electrons and heavy holes are not elastic when scattering to the light hole band is possible. The lifetime of the split-off holes near the zone center is within the limits of 40 to 80 femtoseconds at room temperature.

29

Huang, Yindong, Jing Zhao, Zheng Shu, Yalei Zhu, Jinlei Liu, Wenpu Dong, Xiaowei Wang, et al. "Ultrafast Hole Deformation Revealed by Molecular Attosecond Interferometry." Ultrafast Science 2021 (July 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9837107.

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Understanding the evolution of molecular electronic structures is the key to explore and control photochemical reactions and photobiological processes. Subjected to strong laser fields, electronic holes are formed upon ionization and evolve in the attosecond timescale. It is crucial to probe the electronic dynamics in real time with attosecond-temporal and atomic-spatial precision. Here, we present molecular attosecond interferometry that enables the in situ manipulation of holes in carbon dioxide molecules via the interferometry of the phase-locked electrons (propagating in opposite directions) of a laser-triggered rotational wave packet. The joint measurement on high-harmonic and terahertz spectroscopy (HATS) provides a unique tool for understanding electron dynamics from picoseconds to attoseconds. The optimum phases of two-color pulses for controlling the electron wave packet are precisely determined owing to the robust reference provided with the terahertz pulse generation. It is noteworthy that the contribution of HOMO-1 and HOMO-2 increases reflecting the deformation of the hole as the harmonic order increases. Our method can be applied to study hole dynamics of complex molecules and electron correlations during the strong-field process. The threefold control through molecular alignment, laser polarization, and the two-color pulse phase delay allows the precise manipulation of the transient hole paving the way for new advances in attochemistry.

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YILDIRAN, DENIZ, and ORHAN DONMEZ. "NUMERICAL TREATMENT OF THIN ACCRETION DISK DYNAMICS AROUND ROTATING BLACK HOLES." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 13 (November 2010): 2111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810018256.

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In the present study, we perform the numerical simulation of a relativistic thin accretion disk around the nonrotating and rapidly rotating black holes using the general relativistic hydrodynamic code with Kerr in Kerr–Schild coordinate that describes the central rotating black hole. Since the high energy X-rays are produced close to the event horizon resulting the black hole–disk interaction, this interaction should be modeled in the relativistic region. We have set up two different initial conditions depending on the values of thermodynamical variables around the black hole. In the first setup, the computational domain is filled with constant parameters without injecting gas from the outer boundary. In the second, the computational domain is filled with the matter which is then injected from the outer boundary. The matter is assumed to be at rest far from the black hole. Both cases are modeled over a wide range of initial parameters such as the black hole angular momentum, adiabatic index, Mach number and asymptotic velocity of the fluid. It has been found that initial values and setups play an important role in determining the types of the shock cone and in designating the events on the accretion disk. The continuing injection from the outer boundary presents a tail shock to the steady state accretion disk. The opening angle of shock cone grows as long as the rotation parameter becomes larger. A more compressible fluid (bigger adiabatic index) also presents a bigger opening angle, a spherical shock around the rotating black hole, and less accumulated gas in the computational domain. While results from [J. A. Font, J. M. A. Ibanez and P. Papadopoulos, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.305 (1999) 920] indicate that the tail shock is warped around for the rotating hole, our study shows that it is the case not only for the warped tail shock but also for the spherical and elliptical shocks around the rotating black hole. The warping around the rotating black hole in our case is much smaller than the one by [J. A. Font, J. M. A. Ibanez and P. Papadopoulos, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.305 (1999) 920], due to the representation of results at the different coordinates. Contrary to the nonrotating black hole, the tail shock is slightly warped around the rotating black hole. The filled computational domain without any injection leads to an unstable accretion disk. However much of it reaches a steady state for a short period of time and presents quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO). Furthermore, the disk tends to loose mass during the whole dynamical evolution. The time-variability of these types of accretion flowing close to the black hole may clarify the light curves in Sgr A*.

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BAUSHEV, ANTON, and PASCAL CHARDONNET. "ELECTRIC CHARGE ESTIMATION OF A NEWBORN BLACK HOLE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 13 (December 15, 2009): 2035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271809015771.

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Though a black hole can theoretically possess a very big charge ([Formula: see text]), the charge of the real astrophysical black holes is usually considered to be negligible. This supposition is based on the fact that an astrophysical black hole is always surrounded by some plasma, which is a very good conductor. However, it disregards the fact that black holes usually have some angular momentum, which can be interpreted as their rotation of a sort. If in the plasma surrounding the hole there is some magnetic field, it leads to electric field creation and, consequently, charge separation. In this article we estimate the upper limit of the electric charge of stellar mass astrophysical black holes. We have considered a new black hole formation process and shown that the charge of a newborn black hole can be significant (~ 1013 C ). Though the obtained charge of an astrophysical black hole is big, the charge-to-mass ratio is small, [Formula: see text], and it is not enough to affect significantly either the gravitational field of the star or the dynamics of its collapse.

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Dutta, S., T. Chavan, S. Shukla, V. Kumar, A. Shukla, N. Mohapatra, and U. Ganguly. "Dynamics, Design, and Application of a Silicon-on-Insulator Technology Based Neuron." MRS Advances 3, no. 57-58 (2018): 3347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.490.

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Abstract:Spiking Neural Networks propose to mimic nature’s way of recognizing patterns and making decisions in a fuzzy manner. To develop such networks in hardware, a highly manufacturable technology is required. We have proposed a silicon-based leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neuron, on a sufficiently matured 32 nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The floating body effect of the partially depleted (PD) SOI transistor is used to store “holes” generated by impact ionization in the floating body, which performs the “integrate” function. Recombination or equivalent hole loss mimics the “leak” functions. The “hole” storage reduces the source barrier to increase the transistor current. Upon reaching a threshold current level, an external circuit records a “firing” event and resets the SOI MOSFET by draining all the stored holes. In terms of application, the neuron is able to show classification problems with reasonable accuracy. We looked at the effect of scaling experimentally. Channel length scaling reduces voltage for impact ionization and enables sharper impact ionization producing significant designability of the neuron. A circuit equivalence is also demonstrated to understand the dynamics qualitatively. Three distinct regimes are observed during integration based on different hole leakage mechanism.

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Tesi, A., E. Segre, S. Leardini, A. Breskin, S. Kapishnikov, L. Moleri, D. Vartsky, and S. Bressler. "Bubble dynamics in Liquid Hole Multipliers." Journal of Instrumentation 16, no. 09 (September 1, 2021): P09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/16/09/p09003.

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34

Costa, Miguel S. "Black hole dynamics from instanton strings." Journal of High Energy Physics 1998, no. 11 (November 12, 1998): 007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/1998/11/007.

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35

Malkmus, Stephan, Stefan Kudera, Liberato Manna, Wolfgang J. Parak, and Markus Braun. "Electron−Hole Dynamics in CdTe Tetrapods." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, no. 35 (September 2006): 17334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0615306.

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36

Alexander, James C., Andrew J. Bernoff, Elizabeth K. Mann, J. Adin Mann, and Lu Zou. "Hole dynamics in polymer Langmuir films." Physics of Fluids 18, no. 6 (2006): 062103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2212887.

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37

Raamsdonk, Mark Van. "Black hole dynamics from atmospheric science?" Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, no. 05 (May 30, 2008): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/05/106.

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Ye, Hong, G. W. Wicks, and P. M. Fauchet. "Electron and hole dynamics in GaN." Materials Science and Engineering: B 82, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(00)00768-6.

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39

Anninos, Peter, David Bernstein, Steven R. Brandt, David Hobill, Edward Seidel, and Larry Smarr. "Dynamics of black hole apparent horizons." Physical Review D 50, no. 6 (September 15, 1994): 3801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.50.3801.

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Jassal, H. K., A. Mukherjee, and R. P. Saxena. "String dynamics near a black hole." Pramana 53, no. 6 (December 1999): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-999-0071-2.

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41

Ashtekar, Abhay. "Black hole dynamics in general relativity." Pramana 69, no. 1 (July 2007): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-007-0111-8.

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42

Edmondson, J. K., S. K. Antiochos, C. R. DeVore, B. J. Lynch, and T. H. Zurbuchen. "INTERCHANGE RECONNECTION AND CORONAL HOLE DYNAMICS." Astrophysical Journal 714, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/714/1/517.

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43

Hayward, Sean A. "General laws of black-hole dynamics." Physical Review D 49, no. 12 (June 15, 1994): 6467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.6467.

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Ehlers, Justis P., David Xu, Peter K. Kaiser, Rishi P. Singh, and Sunil K. Srivastava. "INTRASURGICAL DYNAMICS OF MACULAR HOLE SURGERY." Retina 34, no. 2 (February 2014): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0b013e318297daf3.

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45

Dagotto, E., J. Riera, A. Sandvik, and A. Moreo. "Spin Dynamics of Hole DopedY2−xCaxBaNiO5." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 10 (March 4, 1996): 1731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.1731.

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46

Chen, C. T., R. A. DiDio, W. K. Ford, E. W. Plummer, and W. Eberhardt. "Dynamics of adsorbate core-hole decay." Physical Review B 32, no. 12 (December 15, 1985): 8434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.32.8434.

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47

Rayimbaev, Javlon, Farrux Abdulxamidov, Sardor Tojiev, Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov, and Farhod Holmurodov. "Test Particles and Quasiperiodic Oscillations around Gravitational Aether Black Holes." Galaxies 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11050095.

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This paper is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of test particles in the vicinity of a black hole within the framework of a gravitational aether model. First, we explored the structure of spacetime by analyzing the curvature scalars. Then, we studied particle dynamics around a black hole using the Hamilton–Jacobi equation.The influence of the aether on the effective potential of the radial motion of test particles around the black hole has been investigated. The dependence of the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCO) on the aether parameter has also been investigated. We also considered particle collision near the black hole in the presence of aether, and studied the fundamental frequencies of the orbital motion of the test particles around the black hole in the presence of aether. Further, we applied the obtained results to the analysis of the upper and lower frequencies of twin-peaked quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) occurring near black holes. Finally, we use theoretical and numerical results to obtain constraints on model parameters using observation data in QPO.

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Li, Xiu Hong, Shi Chun Yang, Sheng Qiang Yang, and Yong Ning Gao. "Processing Experiment Research of the Swirling Airflow Finishing." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.178.

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A new swirling airflow finishing process is put forward mainly for hole surface. Flows field analysis is done through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Abrasive velocity along axis length according to nozzle elevation and abrasive diameter are shown. Unthreaded hole is experimented on the basis of simulation. Experiment results are consistent with simulation research and it provides credible theoretic basis for process improvement. The successful application of this technology may meet deburring and finishing of complicated parts as crossed holes, stepped holes and winding pipe as well as unthreaded holes.

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Li, Wenhua, and Wenchao Tian. "Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Graphene Nanoelectromechanical Resonators Based on Vacancy Defects." Nanomaterials 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12101722.

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Due to the limitation of graphene processing technology, the prepared graphene inevitably contains various defects. The defects will have a particular influence on the macroscopic characteristics of the graphene. In this paper, the defect-based graphene nanoresonators are studied. In this study, the resonant properties of graphene were investigated via molecular dynamic simulations. The effect of vacancy defects and hole defects at different positions, numbers, and concentrations on the resonance frequency of graphene nanoribbons was studied. The results indicated that single monatomic vacancy has no effect on graphene resonant frequency, and the concentration of the resonant frequency of graphene decreases almost linearly with the increase of single-atom vacancy concentration. When the vacancy concentration is 5%, the resonance frequency is reduced by 12.77% compared to the perfect graphene. Holes on the graphene cause the resonance frequency to decrease. As the circular hole defect is closer to the center of the graphene nanoribbon, not only does its resonant frequency increase, but the tuning range is also expanded accordingly. Under the external force of 10.715 nN, the resonant frequency of graphene reaches 429.57 GHz when the circular hole is located at the center of the graphene nanoribbon, which is 40 GHz lower than that of single vacancy defect graphene. When the circular hole is close to the fixed end of graphene, the resonant frequency is 379.62 GHz, which is 90 GHz lower than that of single vacancy graphene. When the hole defect is at the center of nanoribbon, the frequency tunable range of graphene reaches 120 GHz. The tunable frequency range of graphene is 100.12 GHz when the hole defect is near the fixed ends of the graphene nanoribbon. This work is of great significance for design and performance optimization of graphene-based nanoelectro-mechanical system (NEMS) resonators.

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Dandekar, Yogesh. "Membrane-gravity correspondence." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 14 (October 2019): 1944014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819440140.

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We discuss a novel description of the dynamics of black holes in terms of the dynamics of “Membranes”. The membrane description emerges naturally if we consider black holes in the limit of a large number of spacetime dimensions [Formula: see text]. This “Large [Formula: see text] membrane paradigm” can be systematically constructed in a perturbation theory in [Formula: see text]. A similar membrane description can be constructed for the case of finite-dimensional black holes — and it reproduces black hole dynamics correctly in some nontrivial cases — which is quite striking.