Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hole dynamics'
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Chung, Hyeyoun. "Exploring Black Hole Dynamics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226081.
Vaziri, Goudarzi Hamed. "Hole Dynamics in Films." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS640.
Oceanic film bursting is a phenomenon in which a thin liquid film representing the cap of the bubble bursts at the surface of the ocean, producing film drops. The film bursting phenomenon is critical in ocean-atmosphere exchanges, particularly in transferring heat, mass, and momentum between the ocean and the atmosphere. The film bursting phenomenon comprises a series of complex dynamics, such as drainage, puncture, film retraction, and film disintegration into film drops. The hole healing (i.e., when a hole is too small and is closed after its nucleation) is a critical parameter that could impact the film bursting dynamics, particularly the film thickness at bursting and, thus, the liquid budget for the film drop production. The present work investigates the dynamics of holes in free liquid films, presenting a comprehensive understanding of the hole-healing phenomenon while focusing on the film bursting in the oceanic context. This was achieved through a combination of numerical simulations and analytical approaches. The numerical simulations were carried out using Basilisk. This robust and efficient two-phase flow solver is based on a Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) method and written using the C-programming language. The underlying mechanism for the hole-healing phenomenon was studied in detail. The dichotomy simulations for the determination of the healing threshold carried out in this work have used high-resolution mesh refinement. This was possible by using an adaptive mesh scheme provided by Basilisk. The analytical approaches were used to develop hypotheses to predict the healing threshold of a hole on a film, which were tested against numerical results. The critical dynamics of the hole are examined, and distinct power laws were identified for the tip curvature to illustrate the driving mechanism. The variations in the hole healing threshold with other problem parameters were examined. This study was first carried out for a flat film, discovering that the healing threshold is increased by increasing the film Laplace number. This effect was pronounced for values ranging from 1 to 10000, coinciding with the customary range of film Laplace numbers observed for oceanic bursting bubbles. The observed effects were also elaborated upon, along with physical explanations. Since the exact initial shape of the hole was shown to influence the healing threshold, an examination was carried out to study this effect on the consistency of the results from changing the film Laplace number, taken as an example for the other. It was shown that despite variations in the threshold for different shapes, the effect of changing the film Laplace number was independent of the hole shape. Therefore, the dichotomy results were shown to be independent of the arbitrary choice of the hole shape throughout the study. A similar study was carried out for a hole in a bubble cap after a detailed study of the bubble and gas outflow dynamics. It was discovered that the gas outflow undergoes a Venturi effect, where a stronger outflow, resulting from smaller bubble sizes or higher gas Laplace numbers, was shown to increase the healing threshold. A hypothesis was developed to predict the Venturi effect on the healing threshold, resulting in a Venturi correction term that predicted a power law dependency on the bubble diameter, which agreed with the numerical results. The Venturi effect was significant for high values of the gas Laplace number, where the healing threshold was doubled by increasing the film mean curvature from a flat film to a bubble cap with a size 20 times the bubble cap thickness. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the hole-healing phenomenon, particularly in oceanic film bursting. The present work also offers a foundation for future studies on the film-bursting phenomenon involving complex dynamics, including hole healing
Licht, David. "Effective Dynamics of Black Hole Horizons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671802.
En esta tesis hemos presentado un nuevo aspecto perteneciente a la teoría efectiva de la relatividad general en el límite de un gran número de dimensiones. Hemos demostrado que la teoría desarrollada inicialmente para capturar la física de las branas asintóticamente planas también contiene una nueva familia de soluciones localizadas que pueden ser identificadas con agujeros negros de dimensiones más altas como los agujeros negros de Schwarzschild- Thangerlini o de Myers-Perry en el límite de gran D. Usando esta técnica hemos explorado varios aspectos nuevos de dichos agujeros negros. Encontramos una nueva clase de soluciones de barras negras giratorias, que aparecen como objetos estacionarios en la teoría efectiva Describimos un método que permite construir soluciones cargadas a partir de cada solución no cargada. Usando este método construimos agujeros negros cargados y giratorios en la teoría de Einstein-Maxwell. Estudiamos la evolución de las colisiones de agujeros negros en dimensiones superiores usando las ecuaciones efectivas. Demostramos que en estas colisiones es posible formar agujeros negros con horizontes alargados como barras negras o con forma de mancuernas. Con un momento angular lo suficientemente alto, las barras negras pueden ser tan alargadas que son susceptibles a una inestabilidad tipo Greggory-Laflamme, que lleva a una rotura del horizonte y a una singularidad desnuda. Por consiguiente, esto demuestra un ejemplo novedoso de una violación de la hipótesis de 'cosmic censorship' (censura cósmica). Además estudiamos la evolución y el decaimiento de los agujeros negros MP ultraspinning, y observamos una estructura notablemente rica en los estados intermedios del decaimiento.
Pacilio, Costantino. "Classical and quantum aspects of black hole dynamics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7532/.
Wang, Xiaoya. "Theory of heavy-hole spin-echo dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123115.
Dans ce mémoire, nous étudions les effets de l'interaction hyperfine sur l'écho de spin d'un trou lourd localisé dans une boîte quantique. Nous considérons l'application d'un champ magnétique perpendiculaire aux fluctuations causéespar l'interaction hyperfine, qui entraîne le système dans un régime de moyenne motionnelle lorsque l'énergie Zeeman pertinente (du trou ou des noyaux nucléaires) dépasse l'amplitude des fluctuations dans le champ de Overhauser. Avec les paramètres utilisés dans la Réf. [1], le régime de moyenne motionnelle est atteint pour un champ magnétique de l'ordre de 1 T. Dans ce régime, la précession rapide du spin autour du champ magnétique externe a l'effet d'une moyenne sur les fluctuations hyperfines, ce qui permet la suppression complète de la décroissance de l'enveloppe du signal de l'écho de spin. Nous prédisons aussi une anisotropie présente dans la dynamique de cohérence qui serait pertinente à la discussion des fluctuations du champ électrique, fluctuations qui limitent les temps de cohérence dans des expériences actuelles[2, 3]. Plus précisément, nous trouvons des directions d'initialisation et de rotation qui repoussent les effets des fluctuations électriques jusqu'à des échelles de temps de l'ordre de plusieurs secondes pour des paramètres expérimentaux typiques[2]. L'anisotropie du système est également responsable d'un comportement inattendu de la pureté du spin, qui quantifie la polarisation restante du qubit de spin suivant l'enchevêtrement avec un environnement pendant un temps t. Nous montrons que la pureté du spin est préservée au maximum pour une initialisation parallèle aux fluctuations hyperfines, dans une superposition d'états propres Zeeman. Ces résultats fournissent une preuve supplémentaire du potentiel des qubits de spin de trou lourd, et permettent de prolonger leur cohérence en optimisant la géométrie du système.
Cáceres, Alejandro. "Electron dynamics in a black hole background." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614691.
Brunner and Michael. "Single hole dynamics in the t-J model." Phd thesis, Universitaet Stuttgart, 2000. http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2000/597/index.html.
De, Villiers Jean-Pierre. "Dynamics of cosmic strings in black hole spacetimes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/NQ34754.pdf.
Ziogas, Vaios. "Transport at strong coupling and black hole dynamics." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12683/.
Brunner, Michael. "Single hole dynamics in the t-J model." [S.l.] : Universität Stuttgart , Fakultät Physik, 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8473264.
Chimento, S. "BLACK HOLE DYNAMICS IN GENUINE AND FAKE GAUGED SUPERGRAVITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/259452.
Sargison, Jane Elizabeth. "Development of a novel film cooling hole geometry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365427.
Mösta, Philipp. "Novel aspects of the dynamics of binary black-hole mergers." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5982/.
Schwarze Löcher gehören zu den extremsten und faszinierensten Objekten in unserem Universum. Elektromagnetische Strahlung kann nicht aus ihrem Inneren entkommen, und sie bilden die kompaktesten Objekte, die wir kennen. Wir wissen heute, dass in den Zentren der meisten Galaxien sehr massereiche schwarze Löcher vorhanden sind. Im Fall unserer eigenen Galaxie, der Milchstrasse, ist dieses schwarze Loch ungefähr vier Millionen mal so schwer wie unsere Sonne. Wenn zwei Galaxien miteinander kollidieren, führt dies auch dazu, dass ihre beiden schwarzen Löcher kollidieren und zu einem einzelnen schwarzen Loch verschmelzen. Das Simulieren einer solchen Kollision von zwei schwarzen Löchern, die Vorhersage sowie Analyse der von ihnen abgestrahlten Energie in Form von Gravitations- und elektromagnetischen Wellen, bildet das Thema der vorliegenden Dissertation. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir die Verschmelzung von zwei schwarzen Löchern unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten. Wir zeigen, dass Ungleichmässigkeiten in der Geometrie des aus einer Kollision entstehenden schwarzen Loches dazu führen, dass es zuerst beschleunigt und dann abgebremst wird, bis diese Ungleichmässigkeiten in Form von Gravitationswellen abgetrahlt sind. Weiterhin untersuchen wir, wie der genaue Verschmelzungsprozess aus einer geometrischen Sicht abläuft und schlagen neue Methoden zur Analyse der Raumzeitgeometrie in Systemen vor, die schwarze Löcher enthalten. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigen wir uns mit den Gravitationswellen und elektromagnetischer Strahlung, die bei einer Kollision von zwei schwarzen Löchern freigesetzt wird. Gravitationswellen sind Wellen, die Raum und Zeit dehnen und komprimieren. Durchläuft uns eine Gravitationswelle, werden wir in einer Richtung minimal gestreckt, während wir in einer anderen Richtung minimal zusammengedrückt werden. Diese Effekte sind allerdings so klein, dass wir sie weder spüren, noch auf einfache Weise messen können. Bei einer Kollision von zwei schwarzen Löchern wird eine grosse Menge Energie in Form von Gravitationswellen und elektromagnetischen Wellen abgestrahlt. Wir zeigen, dass beide Signale in ihrer Struktur sehr ähnlich sind, dass aber die abgestrahlte Energie in Gravitationswellen um ein Vielfaches grösser ist als in elektromagnetischer Strahlung. Wir führen eine neue Methode ein, um die elektromagnetische Strahlung in unseren Simulationen zu messen und zeigen, dass diese dazu führt, dass sich die räumliche Struktur der Strahlung verändert. Abschliessend folgern wir, dass in der Kombination der Signale aus Gravitationswellen und elektromagnetischer Strahlung eine grosse Chance liegt, ein System aus zwei schwarzen Löchern zu detektieren und in einem weiteren Schritt zu analysieren. Im dritten und letzen Teil dieser Dissertation entwickeln wir ein verbessertes Suchverfahren für Gravitationswellen, dass in modernen Laser-Interferometerexperimenten genutzt werden kann. Wir zeigen, wie dieses Verfahren die Chancen für die Detektion eines Gravitationswellensignals deutlich erhöht, und auch, dass im Falle einer erfolgreichen Detektion eines solchen Signals, seine Parameter besser bestimmt werden können. Wir schliessen die Arbeit mit dem Fazit, dass die Kollision von zwei schwarzen Löchern ein hochinteressantes Phenomenon darstellt, das uns neue Möglichkeiten bietet die Gravitation sowie eine Vielzahl anderer fundamentaler Vorgänge in unserem Universum besser zu verstehen.
Matía, Hernando Paloma. "Attosecond pump-probe methods for measurement of molecular hole dynamics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/50155.
Casas, Roma Joan. "Deeper Down the Rabbit-Hole: Unfolding the Dynamics of Imagination Acts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565519.
Estudiamos las dinámicas de los actos de imaginación desde un punto de vista filosófico, formal y aplicado. Partimos de tres teorías que identifican los mecanismos involucrados en los actos de imaginación y mostramos que comparten una estructura similar. Definimos la lógica de los escenarios imaginarios, en la que creamos una capa para actos de imaginación partiendo de una lógica epistémica para un solo agente. Al discutir las propiedades de la lógica, vemos que el modo en que los mundos imaginarios se desarrollan está demasiado simplificado. Un análisis más profundo nos lleva a la definición de una nueva teoría especialmente diseñada para las dinámicas de los actos de imaginación: el marco común para actos de imaginación y el rombo de la imaginación. Partiendo de esta nueva teoría, definimos la lógica de los actos de imaginación, en la que introducimos cuatro algoritmos distintos que conllevan una representación mucho más modular de la imaginación. Finalmente, presentamos la implementación del prototipo de un programa informático que captura los algoritmos definidos en la lógica anterior.
We study the dynamics of imagination acts at a philosophical, formal and applied level. Our research is based on three theories that identify the mechanisms involved in imagination acts and show how all of them share a similar structure. We define the Logic of Imaginary Scenarios, in which we create a layer for imagination acts upon a single-agent epistemic logic. While discussing the properties of logic, we note that the way in which imaginary worlds are developed is oversimplified. A deeper analysis leads to the definition of a new theory especially suited for the dynamics of imagination acts, called the Common Frame for Imagination Acts, and the Rhombus of Imagination. With this new theory at hand, we define the Logic of Imagination Acts, in which we introduce four different algorithms that allow for a much more modular account of imagination. Finally, we provide an implementation of a computer programme prototype that captures the algorithms defined by our latter logic.
Brakel, Johannes Daniel. "Prediction of wellbore trajectory considering bottom hole assembly and drillbit dynamics /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1986. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/8624179.
Alcaraz, Barrera Rafael. "Topological and symbolic dynamics of the doubling map with a hole." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/topological-and-symbolic-dynamics-of-the-doubling-map-with-a-hole(b6f17b43-5285-4e35-883a-baf4708993bc).html.
Durham, Michael Glenn. "COMPARISON OF SQUARE-HOLE AND ROUND-HOLE FILM COOLING: A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4390.
M.S.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Maureira, Fredes Cristián Danilo [Verfasser]. "Black hole binary systems : from dynamics to accretion / Cristián Danilo Maureira Fredes." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116930088X/34.
Blakely, Philip. "Numerical solutions of the general relativistic equations for black hole fluid dynamics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226111.
Oberli, Solène. "Molecular double core hole spectroscopy : the role of electronic and nuclear dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS011/document.
Properties of matter can be revealed through its interaction with light. In particular, X-ray based spectroscopies are widely used to gain insight into the local electronic structure of isolated elements or atoms or molecules embedded in an environment, and are element specific. Such capabilities evidence their potential as tools for chemical analysis. The recent development of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) allows to probe matter with spatial (angström) and temporal (femtosecond) resolutions out of reach so far with optical lasers or third generation synchrotron sources. The unique characteristics of XFEL radiation are exploited in several areas, such as chemistry, physics and biology. In particular, double core hole spectroscopy, whose sensitivity is considerably enhanced compared to conventional X-ray spectroscopies, is on the rise. Double core hole states, also referred as hollow states, are characterized by two electron vacancies in the inner shell(s). In the XFEL regime, the dominant pathway to produce them is the sequential absorption of two x-ray photons, where a singly core ionized species is produced in the intermediate step. In the present thesis, we tackle the study of double core hole state formation induced by the sequential absorption of two x-ray photons from an intense femtosecond laser pulse. On one hand, we bring forward the influence of the nuclear dynamics on core photoionization processes. On the other hand, we demonstrate that an active control over the competition between photoabsorption and Auger decay in the intermediate single core hole state is possible by varying the laser pulse duration. In pursuing these goals, we develop for the first time a time-dependent full quantum model treating both the photon absorption and the nuclear dynamics explicitly as well as the Auger decay phenomenologically. This purely theoretical work paves the road for a complete description of molecular double core hole state formation in th XFEL regime
Zhao, Yue. "Individual Business Initiation Process and Business Dynamics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183287.
Acharya, Khem. "Excitation energy transfer and charge separation dynamics in photosystem II: hole-burning study." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13600.
Department of Chemistry
Ryszard J. Jankowiak
The constituents of oxygen-evolving photosystem II core complexes—antenna proteins (CP43 and CP47) and reaction center (RC)—have been the subject of many studies over the years. However, the various issues related to electronic structure, including the origin/composition of the lowest-energy traps, origin of various emission bands, excitation energy transfer (EET), primary charge separation (CS) processes and pigment site energies remain yet to be fully resolved. Exploiting our state-of-the-art techniques such as low-T absorption, fluorescence, and hole burning (HB) spectroscopies, we resolved some of the issues particularly related to CP47 and isolated RC protein complexes. For example, we demonstrated that the fluorescence origin band maximum (~695 nm) originates from the lowest-energy state ~693 nm of intact CP47. In intact CP47 in contrast to destablished protein complexes, the band (~695 nm) does not shift in the temperature range of 5–77 K unless hole-burning takes place. We also studied a large number of isolated RC preparations from spinach, and wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (at different levels of intactness), as well as its mutant (D2-L209H), in which the active branch pheophytin (PheoD1) has been genetically replaced with chlorophyll a (Chl a). We showed that the Qx-/Qy-region site-energies of PheoD1 and PheoD2 are ~545/680 nm and ~541.5/670 nm, respectively, in good agreement with our previous assignment [Jankowiak et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8803]. Finally, we demonstrated that the primary electron donor in isolated algal RCs from C. reinhardtii (referred to as RC684) is PD1 and/or PD2 of the special Chl pair (analogous to PL and PM, the special BChl pair of the bacterial RC) and not ChlD1. However, the latter can also be the primary electron donor (minor pathway) in RC684 depending on the realization of the energetic disorder. We further demonstrate that transient HB spectra in RC684 are very similar to P+QA - PQA spectra measured in PSII core, providing the first evidence that RC684 represent intact isolated RC that also possesses the secondary electron acceptor, QA. In summary, a new insight into possible charge separation pathways in isolated PSII RCs has been provided.
OLBRIGHT, GREGORY RICHARD. "FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS AND NONLINEAR EFFECTS OF ELECTRON-HOLE PLASMA IN SEMICONDUCTOR DOPED GLASSES." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184091.
Gobat, Jason I. "The dynamics of geometrically compliant mooring systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88489.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 255-264).
by Jason I. Gobat.
Ph.D.
Kell, Adam. "Energy transfer and exciton dynamics in photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32539.
Chemistry
Ryszard J. Jankowiak
The structure-function relationships of natural pigment–protein complexes are of great interest, as the electronic properties of the pigments are tuned by the protein environment to achieve high quantum yields and photon utilization. Determination of electronic structure and exciton dynamics in protein complexes is complicated by static disorder and uncertainties in the properties of system-bath coupling. The latter is described by the phonon profile (or spectral density), whose shape can only be reliably measured experimentally for the lowest energy state. Low-temperature, laser-based spectroscopies are applied towards model pigment–protein complexes, i.e., the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) and water-soluble chlorophyll-binding (WSCP) complexes, in order to study system-bath coupling and energy transfer pathways. Site-selective techniques, e.g., hole burning (HB) and fluorescence line narrowing, are utilized to overcome static disorder and reveal details on homogeneous broadening. In addition, excitonic calculations with non-Markovian lineshapes provide information on electronic structure and exciton dynamics. A new lognormal functional form of the spectral density is recommended which appropriately defines electron-phonon parameters, i.e., Huang-Rhys factor and reorganization energy. Absorbance and fluorescence spectral shifts and HB spectra reveal that samples of FMO may contain a subpopulation of destabilized proteins with modified HB efficiencies. Simulations of spectra corresponding to intact proteins indicate that the entire trimer has to be taken into account in order to properly describe fluorescence and HB spectra. The redshifted fluorescence spectrum of WSCP is described by uncorrelated energy transfer as opposed to previous models of excited state protein relaxation. Also, based on nonconservative HB spectra measured for WSCP, a mechanism of electron transfer between chlorophylls and aromatic amino acids is proposed.
Mishra, Nekkhil. "Investigation of hole cleaning parameters using computational fluid dynamics in horizontal and deviated wells." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5111.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 65 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).
Moffat, Varas Carlos F. "Ocean circulation and dynamics on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42104.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-186).
Observations of current velocity, temperature, salinity and pressure from a 2-year moored array deployment and four hydrographic cruises conducted by the United States Southern Ocean GLOBEC program on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to characterize the ocean circulation and its connection to fresh water and heat fluxes on the shelf. Mean velocities on the shelf are of the order of 5 cm/s or less. Tidal motions are dominated by the M2 and S2 semi-diurnal tides and the 01 and K1 diurnal tides, although the tidal velocities are typically less than 2 cm/s. Near-inertial motions are relatively large, with current velocities as high as 26 cm/s. It is shown that Marguerite Trough, a large bathymetric feature connecting the shelf-break to Marguerite Bay, plays a critical role in determining the circulation. The mean flow is strongly steered in the along-slope direction, and the tidal currents also show increasing current polarization at depth in Marguerite Trough. At time-scales of 5 to 20 days, the observations show bottom-intensified motion in Marguerite Trough consistent with bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves.
(cont.) The subtidal circulation in the trough has a significant wind-driven component in Marguerite Trough, with downwelling-favorable winds forcing cross-shelf flow on the northern side of the trough and along the shore on the outer shelf. Upwelling-favorable winds force roughly the opposite circulation. The cyclonic circulation on the trough helps advect blobs of salty, warm and nutrient-rich water across the shelf. These intrusions are small (;4 km) and frequent (4 events/month). Also, the Antarctic Peninsula Coastal Current (APCC), a coastal buoyant current which is described for the first time here. The APCC is a seasonal current which is only present during the ice-free season and is forced by freshwater fluxes associated with large glacier melt and precipitation rates in the region.
by Carlos F. Moffat Varas.
Ph.D.
You, Jhih-An [Verfasser], and Nina [Akademischer Betreuer] Rohringer. "Light-induced Electronic Hole Dynamics and Its Application / Jhih-An You ; Betreuer: Nina Rohringer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120623464/34.
Bittencourt, Gabriela Dornelles. "Influence of the Antarctic Ozone Hole and Atmospheric Dynamics on Ozone in Southern Brazil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LARE0018.
The austral spring in the Southern Hemisphere presents temporary reductions in ozone content mainly in the Antarctic region known as the Antarctic Ozone Hole (AOH). However, studies show an influence in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, where days with temporary decreases in the total ozone column (TCO) are identified. The main objective of this thesis is to investigate this influence of AOH on the southern region of Brazil, using data from the total ozone column and vertical profiles that will help to identify the preferential height at which these decreases occur in southern Brazil, in addition to analyzing the atmospheric dynamic behavior during these events in the period 42 years of data (1979 to 2020). The methodology used comprises the analysis of average daily data of the total column of ozone through surface instruments (Brewer Spectrophotometer), satellite data (TOMS and OMI), and to compare reanalysis data from the ECMWF-ERA5, for the identification of events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil. The analysis of the vertical content of O3 data from the TIMED/SABER satellite provides daily data from 15 to 105 km in height and has 17 years of O3 profiles available in the period from 2002 to 2018. The validation of these data was necessary, and for that the SHADOZ network of ozonesondes measurements was used to carry out this validation through the tropical season in Natal/RN as a reference. This validation showed a good agreement between the two instruments, enabling the use of SABER for the analysis of AOH influence events. From this, 102 events were identified that influenced Santa Maria/RS with a temporary decrease in O3 content during the period, and with an average drop between 24 - 28.1 km in altitude. In the dynamic analysis, the stratospheric fields showed an increase in the potential vorticity in the average of the events, mainly in the months of September and October. In the dynamics of the vertical section of the atmosphere, the constant presence of stratospheric and tropospheric jets in the average of the events, indicates a strong influence that these systems have during the occurrence of the AOH secondary effect events on Santa Maria/RS
A primavera austral no Hemisfério Sul apresenta reduções temporárias do conteúdo de ozônio principalmente na região Antártica conhecida como Buraco de Ozônio Antártico (AOH). Porém, estudos mostram uma influência sob regiões de médias latitudes, como o Sul do Brasil, onde são identificados dias com diminuições temporárias da coluna total de ozônio (CTO). Com isso, o objetivo principal dessa tese é investigar essa influência do AOH sobre a região sul do Brasil, utilizando dados da coluna total de ozônio e de perfis verticais que vão ajudar a identificar a altura preferencial em que essas diminuições ocorrem no sul do Brasil, além de analisar o comportamento dinâmico atmosférico durante esses eventos no período 42 anos de dados (1979 a 2020). A metodologia utilizado compreende a análise de dados médios diários da coluna total de ozônio através de instrumentos de superfície (Espectrofotômetro Brewer), dados de satélites (TOMS e OMI), e para comparação dados de reanálise do ECMWF-ERA5, para a identificação de eventos de influência do AOH sobre a região Sul do Brasil. A análise do conteúdo vertical de O3 dados do satélite TIMED/SABER disponibilizam dados diários de 15 a 110 km de altura e possuem 17 anos de perfis de O3 disponíveis no período de 2002 a 2018. A validação desses dados se fez necessária, e para isso foi utilizada a rede SHADOZ de medidas de ozonesondes para realizar essa validação através da estação tropical em Natal/RN como referência. Essa validação apresentou uma boa concordância entre os dois instrumentos, viabilizando o uso do SABER para as análises dos eventos de influência do AOH. A partir disso, foram identificados 102 eventos que influenciaram Santa Maria/RS com diminuição temporária no conteúdo de O3 durante o período, e com queda média entre 24 e 28,1 km de altitude. Nas análises dinâmicas os campos estratosféricos mostraram o aumento da vorticidade potencial na média dos eventos, principalmente nos meses de setembro e outubro. Na dinâmica do corte vertical da atmosfera a presença constante dos jatos estratosféricos e troposféricos na média dos eventos, indica forte influência que esses sistemas possuem durante a ocorrência dos eventos de efeito secundário do AOH sobre Santa Maria/RS
Jayne, Steven Robert. "Dynamics of global ocean heat transport variability." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69203.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-169).
A state-of-the-art, high-resolution ocean general circulation model is used to estimate the time-dependent global ocean heat transport and investigate its dynamics. The north-south heat transport is the prime manifestation of the ocean's role in global climate, but understanding of its variability has been fragmentary owing to uncertainties in observational analyses, limitations in models, and the lack of a convincing mechanism. These issues are addressed in this thesis. Technical problems associated with the forcing and sampling of the model, and the impact of high-frequency motions are discussed. Numerical schemes are suggested to remove the inertial energy to prevent aliasing when the model fields are stored for later analysis. Globally, the cross-equatorial, seasonal heat transport fluctuations are close to +4.5 x 1015 watts, the same amplitude as the seasonal, cross-equatorial atmospheric energy transport. The variability is concentrated within 200 of the equator and dominated by the annual cycle. The majority of it is due to wind-induced current fluctuations in which the time-varying wind drives Ekman layer mass transports that are compensated by depth-independent return flows. The temperature difference between the mass transports gives rise to the time-dependent heat transport. The rectified eddy heat transport is calculated from the model. It is weak in the central gyres, and strong in the western boundary currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and the equatorial region. It is largely confined to the upper 1000 meters of the ocean. The rotational component of the eddy heat transport is strong in the oceanic jets, while the divergent component is strongest in the equatorial region and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The method of estimating the eddy heat transport from an eddy diffusivity derived from mixing length arguments and altimetry data, and the climatological temperature field, is tested and shown not to reproduce the model's directly evaluated eddy heat transport. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are explored.
by Steven Robert Jayne.
Sc.D.
Yusuf, Ahmed A. "The study of down-hole hydro-cyclone efficiency in oil wells using computational fluid dynamics." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4886.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 64 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
Jackson, Rebecca H. (Rebecca Harding). "Dynamics of Greenland's glacial fjords." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104586.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-172).
Glacial fjords form conduits between glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet and the North Atlantic. They are the gateways for importing oceanic heat to melt ice and for exporting meltwater into the ocean. Submarine melting in fjords has been implicated as a driver of recent glacier acceleration; however, there are no direct measurements of this melting, and little is known about the fjord processes that modulate melt rates. Combining observations, theory, and modeling, this thesis investigates the circulation, heat transport, and meltwater export in glacial fjords. While most recent studies focus on glacial buoyancy forcing, there are other drivers - e.g. tides, local wind, shelf variability - that can be important for fjord circulation. Using moored records from two major Greenlandic fjords, shelf forcing (from shelf density fluctuations) is found to dominate the fjord circulation, driving rapid exchange with the shelf and large heat content variability near the glacier. Contrary to the conventional paradigm, these flows mask any glacier-driven circulation in the non-summer months. During the summer, when shelf forcing is reduced and freshwater forcing peaks, a mean exchange flow transports warm Atlantic-origin water towards the glacier and exports glacial meltwater. Many recent studies have inferred submarine melt rates from oceanic heat transport, but the fjord budgets that underlie this method have been overlooked. Building on estuarine studies of salt fluxes, this thesis presents a new framework for assessing glacial fjord budgets and revised equations for inferring meltwater fluxes. Two different seasonal regimes are found in the heat/salt budgets for Sermilik Fjord, and the results provide the first time-series of submarine meltwater and subglacial discharge fluxes into a glacial fjord. Finally, building on the observations, ROMS numerical simulations and two analytical models are used to investigate the dynamics of shelf-driven flows and their importance relative to local wind forcing across the parameter space of Greenland's fjords. The fjord response is found to vary primarily with the width relative to the deformation radius and the fjord adjustment timescale relative to the forcing timescale. Understanding these modes of circulation is a step towards accurate modeling of ocean-glacier interactions.
by Rebecca H. Jackson.
Ph. D.
Donnay, Laura. "Symmetries and dynamics for non-AdS backgrounds in three-dimensional gravity." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229439.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mösta, Philipp [Verfasser], and Bernard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schutz. "Novel aspects of the dynamics of binary black-hole mergers / Philipp Mösta. Betreuer: Bernard Schutz." Potsdam : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024613801/34.
Wittmer, Paul [Verfasser], and Carlo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ewerz. "Application of Black-Hole Physics to Vortex Dynamics in Superfluids / Paul Wittmer ; Betreuer: Carlo Ewerz." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225484480/34.
Amavisca, Edward D. 1965. "Electron(hole)-phonon interaction in YBCO high temperature superconductor using quantum path integral molecular dynamics." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277899.
Bortolas, Elisa. "Dynamics of Single and Binary Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424973.
RAVIKUMAR, ABHILASH. "Electronic, spin dependent conductive properties of modified graphene." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/170813.
The first part of research we present is the adsorption of core-excited organic molecules on graphene. We predict the induction or suppression of magnetism in the valence shell of physisorbed and chemisorbed organic molecules on graphene occurring on the femtosecond time scale as a result of core level excitations. We consider three organic molecules: Pyridine - whose interaction with graphene is mainly facilitated by van der Waals forces, Picoline radical - an intermediate case where there is a strong van der Waals interaction of the pyridine π ring with graphene but a covalent bonding of the molecule and pyri-dine radical - where the interaction is mainly by covalent bonding, and study the ground state and N 1s core excited state electronic properties for these systems. For physisorbed molecules, where the interaction with graphene is dominated by van der Waals forces and the system is non-magnetic in the ground state, numeri- cal simulations based on density functional theory show that the valence electrons relax towards a spin polarized configuration upon excitation of a core-level electron. The magnetism depends on efficient electron transfer from graphene on the femtosecond time scale. On the other hand, when graphene is covalently functionalized, the system is magnetic in the ground state showing two spin dependent midgap states localized around the adsorption site. At variance with the physisorbed case upon core-level excitation, the LUMO of the molecule and the mid gap states of graphene hybridize and the relaxed valence shell is not magnetic anymore. Next we discuss the interplay between the charge transfer lifetime of core excited organic molecules adsorbed on graphene and the modification of its electronic structure by a variable coupling with a metal substrate. Nitrogen 1s core electron of 1,10- bipyridine (C5H4N)2 is photoexcited and adsorbed on bilayer graphene/nickel(111) (BP/BLG/Ni) and epitaxially grown graphene/Ni(111) (BP/EG/ Ni). We predict from first principle calculations that the charge transfer time of core excited molecules depend strongly on the coupling of graphene to the underlying Ni substrate. In the ground state, the LUMO of the molecule is quite strongly coupled with the substrate in both the cases (BP/BLG/Ni and BP/EG/Ni). In the case of BP/BLG/Ni, the layer of graphene in contact with nickel substrate strongly hybridizes but the upper layer of graphene remains fairly decoupled. The excited molecular LUMO* finds very few states of graphene close to the Dirac point at the Fermi level to hybridize with. This leads to a decoupled molecular LUMO* and the lifetime increases significantly (∼ 116 fs). But in the case of BP/EG/Ni, the strong hybridization of graphene with the underlying nickel substrate significantly distorts the electronic structure of graphene generating states close to the Fermi level. The LUMO* of the molecule strongly couples with these states resulting in a substantially smaller lifetime (∼ 33 fs). We also find experimental evidence to confirm this trend by performing core-hole-clock spectroscopy. The resonant charge transfer lifetime we find is ∼ 30 fs±5 fs for the BP/BLG/Ni and ∼ 4 fs±1 fs for the BP/EG/Ni, thus clearly demonstrating the effect of substrate on the charge transfer dynamics of organic molecules on graphene.
Wacongne, Sophie. "Dynamics of the equatorial undercurrent and its determination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/58533.
Includes bibliographical references (v.2, leaves 339-351).
This study focuses on the zonal weakening, eastern termination and seasonal variations of the Atlantic equatorial undercurrent (EUC). The main and most original contribution of the dissertation is a detailed analysis of the Atlantic EUC simulated by Philander and Pacanowski's (1986)general circulation model (GCM), which provides a novel description of the dynamical regimes governing various regions of a nonlinear stratified undercurrent. Only in a narrow deep western region of the simulation does one find an approximately inertial regime corresponding to zonal acceleration. Elsewhere frictional processes cannot be ignored. The bulk of the mid-basin model EUC terminates in the overlying westward surface flow while only a small fraction (the deeper more inertial layers) terminates at the eastern coast. In agreement with observations, a robust feature of the GCM not present in simpler models is the apparent migration of the EUC core from above the thermocline in the west to below it in the east. In the GCM, this happens because the eastward flow is eroded more efficiently by vertical friction above the base of the thermocline than by lateral friction at greater depths. This mechanism is a plausible one for the observed EUC. A scale analysis using a depth scale which decreases with distance eastwards predicts the model zonal transition between western inertial and eastern inertio-frictional regimes. Historical and recent observations and simple models of the equatorial and coastal eastern undercurrents are reviewed, and a new analysis of current measurements in the eastern equatorial Atlantic is presented. Although the measurements are inadequate for definitive conclusions, they suggest that Lukas' (1981) claim of a spring surge of the Pacific EUC to the eastern coast and a seasonal branching of the EUC into a coastal southeastward undercurrent may also hold for the Atlantic Ocean. To improve the agreement between observed and modelled strength of the eastern undercurrent, it is suggested that the eddy coefficient of horizontal mixing should be reduced in future GCM simulations.
by Sophie Huguette Claire Wacongne.
Ph.D.
Strasser, Carly Ann. "Metapopulation dynamics of the softshell clam, Mya arenaria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43818.
Includes bibliographical references.
In this dissertation, I explored metapopulation dynamics and population connectivity, with a focus on the softshell clam, Mya arenaria. I first worked towards developing a method for using elemental signatures retained in the larval shell as a tag of natal habitat. I designed and implemented an experiment to determine whether existing methods commonly used for fishes would be applicable to bivalves. I found that the instrumentation and setup I used were not able to isolate and measure the first larval shell of M. arenaria. In concert with developing this method for bivalves, I reared larval M. arenaria in the laboratory under controlled conditions to understand the environmental and biological factors that may influence elemental signatures in shell. My results show that growth rate and age have significant effects on juvenile shell composition, and that temperature and salinity affect larval and juvenile shell composition in variable ways depending on the element evaluated. I also examined the regional patterns of diversity over the current distribution of M. arenaria using the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase I (COI). I found minimal variability across all populations sampled, suggesting a recent population expansion in the Northwest Atlantic. Finally, I employed theoretical approaches to understand patch dynamics in a two-patch metapopulation when one patch is of high quality and the other low quality. I developed a matrix metapopulation model and compared growth rate elasticity to patch parameters under variable migration scenarios. I then expanded the model to include stochastic disturbance. I found that in many cases, the spatial distribution of individuals within the metapopulation affects whether growth rate is most elastic to parameters in the good or bad patch.
by Carly A. Strasser.
Ph.D.
Jacobs, Karen Marie. "Fire and vegetation history of the last 2000 years in Jackson Hole, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/jacobs/JacobsK0507.pdf.
Wiesner, Karoline. "Electronic Structure and Core-Hole Dynamics of Ozone : Synchrotron-radiation based studies and ab-initio calculations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Physics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3914.
The electronic structure of the ozone molecule O3 has been studied with spectroscopy techniques and computations. The investigation was focused on O3 in a core-hole state. The electronic configuration and the nuclear dynamics have been found to be highly correlated.
This electron correlation is mapped out for the two chemically different sites in the molecule: the central and the terminal oxygen. The energy difference between the corresponding core orbitals is 4.58 eV, which allows for site-selective core ionization and core excitation.
The influence of the core-hole site on the electronic structure is substantial, which is shown with ion and electron spectroscopy data and ab-initio quantum chemical computations. Moreover, the induced nuclear motion differs considerably for the two core-hole sites.
One of the core-excited states is proven to be ultra-fast dissociative. An analysis of the data with a formalism for two-body dissociation disclosed the localized character of core excitation. The symmetry-equivalent terminal-oxygen core orbitals do have very little overlap, so that a delocalized model for the core excitation becomes inadequate.
Moreover, core-excitation opens up a decay channel to a valence-ionized state that has not been observed with photoionization. The reason for this state to have low cross section for photoionization is illuminated with a CASSCF computation of the electronic configuration. The configuration of the state was found to be very distinct from the ground state configuration.
Another effect of configuration-interaction was found in MRCI computations of the core- ionized states. Several local minima with distinct electronic configurations could be identified.
Dean, Bruce H. "Variational results and solutions in gauge gravity and a bifurcation analysis of black hole orbital dynamics." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=859.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 223 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 214-223) and index.
Ghoma, Mohamed I. "The Effect of Wall Jet Flow on Local Scour Hole." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5501.
Kida, Shinichiro. "Eddy dynamics of [Beta] plumes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88447.
In title on t.p., "[Beta]" appears as the Greek letter.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84).
by Shinichiro Kida.
S.M.
Brownlee, Emily Fay. "Ciliate micrograzer dynamics of the New England shelf." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111223.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-182).
Protists play important roles in grazing and nutrient recycling, but quantifying these roles has been hindered by difficulties in collecting, culturing, and observing these often-delicate cells. During long-term deployments at the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) (Massachusetts, USA), Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) made it possible to study live cells in situ without the need to culture or preserve. IFCB records images of cells with chlorophyll fluorescence above a trigger threshold, so taxonomically resolved analysis of protists is limited to mixotrophs and herbivores, which have eaten recently. To overcome this limitation, I coupled a broad-application 'live cell' fluorescent stain with a modified IFCB so that protists which do not contain chlorophyll (such as consumers of unpigmented bacteria and other heterotrophs) can also be recorded. Staining IFCB (IFCB-S) revealed higher abundances of grazers than the original IFCB, as well as some cell types not previously detected. To analyze a 10-year time series of herbivorous ciliates at MVCO and address broad patterns of seasonality of major ciliate classes and their components, I employed a statistical model that estimates a seasonal density pattern and simultaneously accounts for and separates any annual-scale effects. I describe the seasonality of three functional groups: a phototrophic ciliate, a mixotroph, and a group of strict heterotrophs, and comment on potential drivers of these patterns. DNA sequencing has also contributed to the study of protist communities, providing new insight into diversity, predator-prey interactions, and discrepancies between morphologically defined species and genotype. To explore how well IFCB images can be used to detect seasonal community change of the class Spirotrichea, an important and numerous group, I used high-throughput sequencing (HTS), which does not discriminate between chlorophyll-containing cells and the rest of the community. I report on species and genera of ciliates for which morphotype and genotype displayed high congruency. In comparing how well temporal aspects of genotypes and morphotypes correspond, I found that HTS was critical to detect and identify certain ciliates occupying a niche associated with warmer temperatures. I further showed that when these types of analyses are combined with IFCB results, they can provide hypotheses about food preferences.
by Emily Fay Brownlee.
Ph. D.
Gatchell, Michael. "Molecular Hole Punching : Impulse Driven Reactions in Molecules and Molecular Clusters." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-129523.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted.
Ghoma, Mohamed Ibrahem. "The effect of wall jet flow on local scour hole." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5501.
Youngs, Madeleine Kendall. "Residual overturning circulation and its connection to Southern Ocean dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129068.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-145).
Over the last 20 years, our understanding of the meridional overturning circulation has improved, but primarily in a two-dimensional, zonally-averaged framework. In this thesis, I have pushed beyond this simplification and shown that the additional complexity of meanders, storm tracks, and other zonal asymmetries is necessary to reproduce the lowest-order behavior of the overturning circulation. First I examined the role of basin width for determining whether the Atlantic or Pacific oceans experience deep convection. I used a two layered model and a rectangular single-basin model to show that the basin width, in combination with scalings for the overturning circulation make the overturning relatively weaker in the wider basin, priming it for a convection shut down.
In addition to this large-scale work, I have examined Southern Ocean-like meanders using a hierarchy of idealized models to understand the role of bottom topography in determining how the large-scale circulation responds to climate change scenarios. These are useful because they preserve the lowest-order behavior, while remaining simple enough to understand. I tested the response of the stratification and transport in the Southern Ocean to changes in wind using a highly-idealized two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. In addition to showing that meanders are necessary to reproduce the behavior of the Southern Ocean, I found that strong winds concentrate the baroclinic and barotropic instabilities downstream of the bottom topography and weaken the instabilities elsewhere due to a form-drag process. With weak winds, however, the system is essentially symmetric in longitude, like a flat-bottomed ocean.
This result is consistent with observations of elevated turbulence down-stream of major topography in the Southern Ocean. My next study investigated a more realistic Southern Ocean-like channel, with and without bottom topography, and examined the three-dimensional circulation in order to understand where vertical transport occurs and develop a picture of the pathways taken by each individual water parcel. I found that the vertical transport happens in very isolated locations, just downstream of topography. Finally, I added a biogeochemical model to my simulations and found that carbon fluxes are enhanced near topography, again highlighting the role of zonal asymmetries.
by Madeleine Kendall Youngs.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)