Academic literature on the topic 'HNSCs'
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Journal articles on the topic "HNSCs"
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Baghchechi, Mohsen, Amy Plaia, Mary Hamer, Nirmalya Ghosh, Stephen Ashwal, and Andre Obenaus. "Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging Identifies Iron-Oxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells: Automated Computational Detection." Developmental Neuroscience 38, no. 6 (2016): 445–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000455837.
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Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HII) can lead to devastating neurological outcomes such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and mental retardation. Human neural stem cell (hNSC) therapy provides new hope for the treatment of neonatal HII. These multipotent cells can aid in HII recovery by activating multiple reparative mechanisms including secretion of neurotrophic factors that enhance brain repair and plasticity. For clinical use of implanted hNSCs, methods are required to identify, quantify, track, and visualize migration and replication in an automated and reproducible fashion. In the current study, we used a model of unilateral HII in 10-day-old rat pups that were implanted with 250,000 Feridex-labeled hNSCs into the contralateral ventricle 3 days after HII. In addition to standard noninvasively acquired serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences (11.7 and 4.7 T) that included diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging, we also acquired susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) 1-90 days after hNSC implantation. SWI is an advanced MRI method that enhances the visualization of iron-oxide-labeled hNSCs within affected regions of the injured neonatal brain. hNSC contrast was further enhanced by creating minimal intensity projections from the raw SWI magnitude images combined with phase information. Automated computational analysis using hierarchical region splitting (HRS) was applied for semiautomatic detection of hNSCs from SWI images. We found hNSCs in the ipsilateral HII lesion within the striatum and cortex adjacent to the lesion that corresponded to histological staining for iron. Quantitative phase values (radians) obtained from SWI revealed temporally evolving increased phase which reflects a decreased iron oxide content that is possibly related to cell division and the replicative capacity of the implanted hNSCs. SWI images also revealed hNSC migration from the contralateral injection site towards the ipsilateral HII lesion. Our results demonstrate that MRI-based SWI can monitor iron-labeled hNSCs in a clinically relevant manner and that automated computational methods such as HRS can rapidly identify iron-oxide-labeled hNSCs.
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Wang, Junwen, Ziyi Wang, Limeng Dai, Xintong Zhu, Xingying Guan, Junyi Wang, Jia Li, Mao Zhang, Yun Bai, and Hong Guo. "Supt16 Haploinsufficiency Impairs PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Autophagy Pathway in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Neural Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 3035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24033035.
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The maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) plays a critical role in neurodevelopment and has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the underlying mechanisms linking defective human neural stem cell self-renewal to NDDs remain undetermined. Our previous study found that Supt16 haploinsufficiency causes cognitive and social behavior deficits by disrupting the stemness maintenance of NSCs in mice. However, its effects and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated in human neural stem cells (hNSCs). Here, we generated Supt16+/− induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced them into hNSCs. The results revealed that Supt16 heterozygous hNSCs exhibit impaired proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis. As the RNA-seq analysis showed, Supt16 haploinsufficiency inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, leading to rising autophagy, and further resulted in the dysregulated expression of multiple proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptotic process. Furthermore, the suppression of Supt16 heterozygous hNSC self-renewal caused by autophagy activation could be rescued by MHY1485 treatment or reproduced in rapamycin-treated hNSCs. Thus, our results showed that Supt16 was essential for hNSC self-renewal and its haploinsufficiency led to cell cycle arrest, impaired cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis of hNSCs by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy pathway. These provided a new insight to understand the causality between the Supt16 heterozygous NSCs and NDDs in humans.
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Helenes González, Citlali, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, and Patrizia Ferretti. "Bio-electrosprayed human neural stem cells are viable and maintain their differentiation potential." F1000Research 9 (April 17, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19901.1.
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Background: Bio-electrospray (BES) is a jet-based delivery system driven by an electric field that has the ability to form micro to nano-sized droplets. It holds great potential as a tissue engineering tool as it can be used to place cells into specific patterns. As the human central nervous system (CNS) cannot be studied in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, in vitro CNS models are needed. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are the CNS building block as they can generate both neurones and glial cells. Methods: Here we assessed for the first time how hNSCs respond to BES. To this purpose, different hNSC lines were sprayed at 10 kV and their ability to survive, grow and differentiate was assessed at different time points. Results: BES induced only a small and transient decrease in hNSC metabolic activity, from which cells recovered by day 6, and no significant increase in cell death was observed, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, bio-electrosprayed hNSCs differentiated as efficiently as controls into neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes as shown by morphological, protein and gene expression analysis. Conclusions: This study highlights the robustness of hNSCs and identifies BES as a suitable technology that could be developed for the direct deposition of these cells in specific locations and configurations.
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Abedi, Mahsa, Mehrdad Hajinejad, Fereshteh Atabi, and Sajad Sahab-Negah. "Exosome Derived from Human Neural Stem Cells Improves Motor Activity and Neurogenesis in a Traumatic Brain Injury Model." BioMed Research International 2022 (August 12, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6409346.
Full textAbstract:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and long-lasting disability globally. Although novel treatment options have been investigated, no effective therapeutic opportunities for TBI exist. Accumulating studies demonstrated that the paracrine mechanisms of stem cells may allow them to orchestrate regenerative processes after TBI. So far, very little attention has been paid to the beneficial effects of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in comparison to their exosomes as a paracrine mechanism. This study is aimed at comparing the effect of hNSCs with their exosomes in a TBI model. For in vitro assessments, we cultured hNSCs using the neurosphere method and isolated hNSC-derived exosomes from culture supernatants. For in vivo experiments, male rats were divided into three groups ( n = 8 /group): TBI group: rats were subjected to a unilateral mild cortical impact; hNSC group: rats received a single intralesional injection of 2 × 10 6 hNSCs after TBI; and exosome group: rats received a single intralesional injection of 63 μg protein of hNSC-derived exosomes after TBI. Neurological assessments, neuroinflammation, and neurogenesis were performed at the predetermined time points after TBI. Our results indicated that the administration of exosomes improved the neurobehavioral performance measured by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) on day 28 after TBI. Furthermore, exosomes inhibited the expression of reactive astrocytes as a key regulator of neuroinflammation marked by GFAP at the protein level, while enhancing the expression of Doublecortin (DCX) as a neurogenesis marker at the mRNA level. On the other hand, we observed that the expression of stemness markers (SOX2 and Nestin) was elevated in the hNSC group compared to the exosome and TBI groups. To sum up, our results demonstrated that the superior effects of exosomes versus parent hNSCs could be mediated by improving mNSS score and increasing DCX in TBI. Considerably, more work will need to be done to determine the beneficial effects of exosomes versus parent cells in the context of TBI.
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Kim, Su Young, Hyoung-Soo Cho, Seung-Ha Yang, Jin-Young Shin, Jung-Sik Kim, and Chung-Gyu Park. "Exosomes secreted from human neural stem cells suppress T cell activation (90.33)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 90.33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.90.33.
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Abstract Exosomes are 50-100 nm diameter small membrane vesicles secreted from a variety of cells. Although exosomes express a common set of proteins, their protein composition is quite unique and varied significantly. Therefore, their function seems to be dynamic and determined by cell type specific proteins. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have been reported to have a therapeutic potential for neuro-regeneration in neurodegenerative disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of hNSCs are not still clear. In this study, we demonstrated that culture supernatant of hNSC, HB1.F3, can suppress the activation and proliferation of human T cells by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. More interestingly, we found that exosomes secreted by hNSCs and included in culture supernatant play a critical role in the suppression of T cells by inducing G0/G1 arrest. Therefore, we here suggest that hNSCs has an immunomodulatory effect on T cells without cell-to-cell contact and a possible mechanism is mediated by secreted exosomes.
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Helenes González, Citlali, Suwan N. Jayasinghe, and Patrizia Ferretti. "Bio-electrosprayed human neural stem cells are viable and maintain their differentiation potential." F1000Research 9 (July 31, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19901.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Bio-electrospray (BES) is a jet-based delivery system driven by an electric field that has the ability to form micro to nano-sized droplets. It holds great potential as a tissue engineering tool as it can be used to place cells into specific patterns. As the human central nervous system (CNS) cannot be studied in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, in vitro CNS models are needed. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are the CNS building block as they can generate both neurones and glial cells. Methods: Here we assessed for the first time how hNSCs respond to BES. To this purpose, different hNSC lines were sprayed at 10 kV and their ability to survive, grow and differentiate was assessed at different time points. Results: BES induced only a small and transient decrease in hNSC metabolic activity, from which the cells recovered by day 6, and no significant increase in cell death was observed, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, bio-electrosprayed hNSCs differentiated as efficiently as controls into neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as shown by morphological, protein and gene expression analysis. Conclusions: This study highlights the robustness of hNSCs and identifies BES as a suitable technology that could be developed for the direct deposition of these cells in specific locations and configurations.
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Huang, Chunli, and Jifeng Liu. "Identification of the Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC) for the Exploration of Immunotherapy and Prognosis." Genetics Research 2022 (December 28, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6880760.
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It is generally believed that the majority of head and neck cancers develop in the mucosal epithelial cells of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, which is collectively known as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). As a complex pathological process, HNSC develops through a variety of cellular and molecular events. Cancerous cells and immune cells infiltrating tumors are the main components of the tumor microenvironment. However, infiltration of HNSCs by the immune system has not been determined to date. In this work, we proposed computational algorithms to identify different immune subtypes. An analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information. In HNSC patients, two immune-related genes (ZAP70 and IGKV2D-40) may be targets for immunotherapy, and these genes appear to be closely related to the prognosis. Several immunological subtypes were associated with immune function, immune checkpoints, and prognostic factors in HNSCs. Furthermore, ZAP70 is closely related to the overall survival (OS), progress-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS) of HNSC patients. The potential pathways that are associated with ZAP70 were found to have included adaptive immune response, response to oxidative stress, DNA replication, and lipid binding. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing immunotherapy drugs for HNSC patients. By evaluating larger cohorts, we can gain a deeper understanding of immunotherapy and provide direction for current research on immunotherapy strategies in HNSCs.
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Greilach, Scott A., Laura L. McIntyre, Jonathan Hasselmann, Shivashankar Othy, Quy Ngyuen, Ilse Sears-Kraxberger, Oswald Steward, et al. "Human neural stem cells induce central nervous system specific regulatory T cells from the exTreg pool and promote repair in models of multiple sclerosis." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 160.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.160.3.
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Abstract Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and for which there is no cure. Current treatments focus on suppression of the immune system but fail to repair the resulting damage to the CNS. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases through cell replacement and repair however it is unclear how these cells would mediate repair in MS. We report that human NSCs promote CNS specific T regulatory cells (Tregs) which activate endogenous repair pathways and promote remyelination in a murine model of MS. We observed remyelination, decreased inflammation and an increase in (CNS)-infiltrating CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in EAE mice receiving an intra-spinal transplant of hNSCs. Recovery was not a result of cell replacement, as hNSCs underwent xenograft rejection, and was Treg dependent, as ablation of Tregs abrogated histopathological improvement. Treg expansion is antigen driven as hNSCs expanded CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs in-vitro when cultured with neural antigen restricted RAG2−/−2D2+ (R2D2) splenocytes but not RAG2−/−OT-II+ splenocytes. When co-cultured with B6 splenocytes, hNSCs drove the expansion of unique TCRs when compared to controls. Additionally, hNSC-Tregs also appear to derive from the exTreg pool suggesting both antigen specific expansion and antigen dependent maintenance of FOXP3 in CNS-specific Tregs. hNSC Tregs also have a unique expression profile and express transglutimase-2 which is implicated in oligodendrocyte dependent repair in the CNS.
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Ghanekar, Yashoda, and Subhashini Sadasivam. "In silico analysis reveals a shared immune signature in CASP8-mutated carcinomas with varying correlations to prognosis." PeerJ 7 (February 11, 2019): e6402. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6402.
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Background Sequencing studies across multiple cancers continue to reveal mutations and genes involved in the pathobiology of these cancers. Exome sequencing of oral cancers, a subset of Head and Neck Squamous cell Carcinomas (HNSCs) common among tobacco-chewing populations, revealed that ∼34% of the affected patients harbor mutations in the CASP8 gene. Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (UCEC) is another cancer where ∼10% cases harbor CASP8 mutations. Caspase-8, the protease encoded by CASP8 gene, plays a dual role in programmed cell death, which in turn has an important role in tumor cell death and drug resistance. CASP8 is a protease required for the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is also a negative regulator of necroptosis. Using multiple tools such as differential gene expression, gene set enrichment, gene ontology, in silico immune cell estimates, and survival analyses to mine data in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we compared the molecular features and survival of these carcinomas with and without CASP8 mutations. Results Differential gene expression followed by gene set enrichment analysis showed that HNSCs with CASP8 mutations displayed a prominent signature of genes involved in immune response and inflammation. Analysis of abundance estimates of immune cells in these tumors further revealed that mutant-CASP8 HNSCs were rich in immune cell infiltrates. However, in contrast to Human Papilloma Virus-positive HNSCs that also exhibit high immune cell infiltration, which in turn is correlated with better overall survival, HNSC patients with mutant-CASP8 tumors did not display any survival advantage. Similar analyses of UCECs revealed that while UCECs with CASP8 mutations also displayed an immune signature, they had better overall survival, in contrast to the HNSC scenario. There was also a significant up-regulation of neutrophils (p-value = 0.0001638) as well as high levels of IL33 mRNA (p-value = 7.63747E−08) in mutant-CASP8 HNSCs, which were not observed in mutant-CASP8 UCECs. Conclusions These results suggested that carcinomas with mutant CASP8 have broadly similar immune signatures albeit with different effects on survival. We hypothesize that subtle tissue-dependent differences could influence survival by modifying the micro-environment of mutant-CASP8 carcinomas. High neutrophil numbers, a well-known negative prognosticator in HNSCs, and/or high IL33 levels may be some of the factors affecting survival of mutant-CASP8 cases.
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Liu, Tingting, Xianwei Zeng, Fangling Sun, Hongli Hou, Yunqian Guan, Deyu Guo, Houxi Ai, Wen Wang, and Guojun Zhang. "EphB4 Regulates Self-Renewal, Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Human Embryonic Neural Stem Cells in Vitro." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 41, no. 2 (2017): 819–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000459693.
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Background/Aims: EphB4 belongs to the largest family of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases. It contributes to a variety of pathological progresses of cancer malignancy. However, little is known about its role in neural stem cells (NSCs). This study examined whether EphB4 is required for proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells (hNSCs) in vitro. Methods: We up- and down-regulated EphB4 expression in hNSCs using lentiviral over-expression and shRNA knockdown constructs and then investigated the influence of EphB4 on the properties of hNSCs. Results: Our results show that shRNA-mediated EphB4 reduction profoundly impaired hNSCs self-renewal and proliferation. Furthermore, detection of differentiation revealed that knockdown of EphB4 inhibited hNSCs differentiation towards a neuronal lineage and promoted hNSCs differentiation to glial cells. In contrast, EphB4 overexpression promoted hNSCs self-renewal and proliferation, further induced hNSCs differentiation towards a neuronal lineage and inhibited hNSCs differentiation to glial cells. Moreover, we found that EphB4 regulates cell proliferation mediated by the Abl-CyclinD1 pathway. Conclusion: These studies provide strong evidence that fine tuning of EphB4 expression is crucial for the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of hNSCs, suggesting that EphB4 might be an interesting target for overcoming some of the therapeutic limitations of neuronal loss in brain diseases.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HNSCs"
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Li, Meng. "Dab-1 over-expression increases acumination of Beta-catenin in HNSCs' nucleus and promotes differentiation in HNSC cells." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1286.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Biology
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FERRARA, SILVIA. "NEUROINFLAMMATION AND DEFECTIVE MYELINATION IN POLYMICROGYRIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/543392.
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Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a condition characterized by abnormal prenatal brain development and excessive number of ectopic small gyri in the cerebral cortex. PMG patients present an excessive number of abnormally small gyri separated by shallow sulci, associated with fusion of the overlying molecular layer of the cerebral cortex. The topographic distribution of PMG may be focal, multifocal or diffuse; unilateral or bilateral; symmetric or asymmetric. Clinical manifestations have a large spectrum, ranging from isolated selective impairment of cognitive functions to severe encephalopathy and intractable epilepsy. The severity of neurological manifestations and the age at presentation are in part influenced by the extent and localization of the cortical malformations but may also depend on its specific aetiology. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood, several causative gene mutations have been recently found, but also other causes has been identified (prenatal infections, ipoxia).
Experimentally, the mouse model of polymicrogyria (PMG) displays the formation of ectopic microgyri in the mouse cortex, enhanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission accompanied by increased connectivity in the paramicrogyral cortex and higher susceptibility to epilepsy in vitro.
Besides the alteration in the cortical layering, the molecular, morphological and behavioural analysis of PMG mice reveal a significant astrogliosis and microglial activation, indicating the occurrence of an inflammatory process. In addition, a diffuse cortical hypomyelination is evident in brain slices
stained for myelin basic protein (MBP). Furthermore, PMG mice displayed altered EEG profile and defective motor skills such as reduced brawn. All these features make PMG model suitable for the study of the pathology and to investigate possible therapeutic approaches.
Here we found that transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), which has been demonstrated to exert positive effects on inherited or acquired myelination disorders and to dampen brain inflammation, plays a beneficial effect on the pathological condition of PMG ameliorating the myelination defect by promoting oligodendrocyte precursors proliferation and remodelling of myelin fibres. Our data also show that hNSC transplantation restores normal EEG brain activity and improves motor performances. Moreover, we tried a pharmacological blockade of IL-1R activation by the IL-1R antagonist: anakinra. We found that this treatment leads to a significant improvement of EEG and motor skills in adult PMG mice thus suggesting a possible role of inflammation at the root of the pathology and identifying a therapeutic time window for the treatment.
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Cunningham, Crystal. "Expression of Chemokines and VEGFs in HNSCC." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1787.
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The 5-year survival rate when the cancer remains as a primary tumor is 81% but when it metastasizes to distant sites, defined as a metastatic cancer, it decreases dramatically to 26%. Approaches to prevent these cancers from undergoing these metastatic changes can greatly improve the survival and outcome of these cancer victims. This current study is examining the expression profiles of chemokines and VEGFs in HNSCC. By investigation the underlying pathways involved in the expressions of chemokines and VEGFS we hope to sort out the transcriptional regulation of these molecules. We used pharmological inhibitors of several important kinase pathways and the receptors involved in the transcription of chemokines and VEGFs. This study specifically looked at the proangiogenetic chemokines, CXCL5 and CXCL8, and their receptor CXCR2, and their possible impact on VEGFs, specifically VEGF-C and VEGF-A. From experimentation we concluded that HNSCC uses the MAPK pathway for regulation of the chemokines CXCL5 and CXCL8, but not for its downregulation. VEGF-A showed to be positively controlled by the MAPK pathway. The Akt pathway was found to downregulate VEGF-C, possibly from CXCR2. VEGF-C was not under control of the chemokines’ expression, VEGF-C and VEGF-A were also differentially regulated. The current study has begun to sort out the expression and regulation of chemokines and VEGFs in HNSCC. There are still many unanswered questions about the role these molecules play in HNSCC, but hopefully these conclusions will aid in finding improved treatments for patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer.
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Dimitrova, Kamelia. "Überexpression des Sonic Hedgehog Signaltransduktionswegs in Plattenepithelkarzinomen des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-160358.
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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Expression des Hedgehog Signaltransduktionsweges (Hh) in Kopf-Hals-Tumoren (Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, HNSCC) im Vergleich zu gesunder Mukosa immunhistochemisch untersucht und quantitativ analysiert. Dabei wurde die Expressionsstärke mit Hilfe einer eigens weiterentwickelten objektiven Auswertungsmethode analysiert, die sich auf die Rot-Grün-Blau(RGB)-Farblehre stützte. Untersucht wurden histologisch gesicherte Proben von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren und gesunde Mukosa der Mundhöhle. Nach Färbung mittels spezifischen Immunfluoreszenzantikörpern gegen die Hedgehog Komponenten Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Patched-1 (PTCH1), Patched-2 (PTCH2), Smoothened (SMO), Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog-1, -2 und -3 (Gli-1, Gli-2 und Gli-3) erfolgte die bildanalytische Auswertung der Fluoreszenzsignale. Dabei zeigte sich eine deutliche Überexpression aller Hh-Komponenten in den Tumorproben gegenüber der gesunden Mukosa. Die Expression des Transkriptionsfaktors Gli-1 erreichte dabei etwa zehnfach höhere Werte als in der Mukosa und die des Liganden SHH etwa vierfach höhere Werte. Die nachgewiesene Überexpression des Hh-Signalwegs in den Tumorproben deuten wir als potentiellen Kofaktor in der Genese von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Eine mögliche Bedeutung für neue zielgerichtete Therapieansätze in der Zukunft wird diskutiert.
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Schlegel, Daphne. "Der Einfluss des Integrin-Rezeptor-Inhibitors Cilengitide auf die Ex-vivo-Chemoresponse von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren gegenüber Cisplatin, Docetaxel und Cetuximab im FLAVINO-Assay mit und ohne Bestrahlung." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-150000.
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An 100 Tumorproben mit HNSCC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) von 92 Patienten wurde mit Hilfe des FLAVINO-Assays erstmalig das Adhärenzverhalten von Plattenepithelzellen bei unterschiedlichen Beschichtungen untersucht und anschließend eine Ex-vivo-Chemoresponsetestung durchgeführt. Hierbei kamen als Beschichtungsproteine humanes Laminin [L], humanes Fibronektin [hFN], Kollagen I [K] aus Rattenschwänzen und eine vorteilhafte Mischung aus unterschiedlichen extrazellulären Proteinen [ECM] zur Anwendung. Zusätzlich wurde eine ECM-Platte noch mit 2,2 Gy einmalig bestrahlt. Ziel der Chemo-responsetestung war es, den Einfluss des Integrin-Inhibitor Cilengitide [Cil] auf HNSCC gegenüber den Standardtherapeutika Cisplatin [Cis], Docetaxel [DTX] und Cetuximab [Cetux] zu testen und letztendlich eine optimale Kombination zur Verbesserung der Prognose für HNSCC zu gewinnen. 41% der Tumorproben zeigten ein Koloniewachstum, wobei die höchste Koloniebildung auf der bestrahlten ECM-Beschichtung ausgezählt werde konnte, dicht gefolgt von der Kollagenbeschichtung. 10 µM Cil als Monotherapie konnten bei HNSCC eine Koloniereduktion von 23% erzielen, 66,6 µg/ml Cetux von 53% und beide in Kombination 55%. Cis als potente Monosubstanz in Verwendung 6,667 µM erzielten eine fast vollständige Koloniereduktion von 96%, wohingegen 550 nm DTX nur 66% Reduktion erreichten. In binärer, tertiärer und quartärer Kombination aller vier Chemotherapeutika ist nur eine komplette Koloniereduktion zu erreichen, wenn Cis in der Dosierung 6,667 µM verwendet wird. Cil in Kombination mit DTX, Cetux und Cis konnte nach zusätzlicher Bestrahlung eine 100%ige Koloniereduktion erreichen und kann somit als potenter Radiosensitizer angesehen werden.
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Gaertner, Laura-Marie Katharina. "Prävalenz und klinischer Verlauf von Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinomen von 1993 bis 2009 im Spiegel veränderter Therapie-Algorithmen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-206871.
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Bei dieser Arbeit handelt es sich um eine retrospektive Studie bezüglich Inzidenz und Therapie von Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinomen, welche in dem Zeitraum von 1993 bis 2009 in der HNO-Klinik der Universität Leipzig als „High Volume Center“ behandelt wurden, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die Stadien III-IV nach UICC/AJCC. In unserer Studie konnten wir eine Zunahme der an der Universität in Leipzig registrierten Patienten mit Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinomen über die Jahre 1993 bis 2009 verzeichnen. Männer waren mehr als fünfmal so häufig betroffen wie Frauen. Diese Verteilung hielt sich über den Beobachtungszeitraum konstant. Bei den weiblichen Patientinnen wurden im Durchschnitt niedrigere Tumorstadien bei Erstdiagnose festgestellt. Frauen hatten insgesamt eine höhere 5-Jahresüberlebensrate. Die Stadienverteilung nach UICC/AJCC bei Erstdiagnose eines Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinoms blieb über die Jahre hinweg annähernd gleich. Es wurden meist hohe Stadien festgestellt (62,7% Stadium IV).
Das mittlere Erkrankungsalter von Mundhöhlen- und Oropharynxkarzinomen sank über den Beobachtungszeitraum. Das Alter bei Rezidivmanifestation blieb allerdings über die Jahre gleich und lag unter dem durchschnittlichen Alter bei Erstdiagnosestellung. In diesem Zeitraum wird in der Literatur eine zunehmende Infektionsrate mit HPV beschrieben, welche gemäß der Literaturdaten mit einem jüngeren Erkrankungsalter einhergeht.
Über die Jahre fanden wir in dem von uns untersuchten Patientenkollektiv der Universitätsklinik Leipzig eine stetige Verbesserung der mittleren Überlebensraten. In zeitlicher Assoziation zu dieser Entwicklung fand eine Änderung der Therapiemodalitäten insbesondere mit Einführung der systemischen Chemotherapie ab ca. 2004 in Richtung einer zunehmenden multimodalen Therapie statt. Es konnte ein Vorteil im Gesamtüberleben nach einer kombiniert-operativen Therapie mit adjuvanter Radiochemotherapie gegenüber allen anderen Therapieformen gezeigt werden. Insbesondere im Stadium IV nach UICC/AJCC zeigte sich ebenfalls ein Vorteil der kombinierten Radiochemotherapie gegenüber einer alleinigen Radiotherapie.
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Desai, Shreya. "Signal Transduction Effects Induced by Erythropoietin in a HNSCC Model System." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/412.
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Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is an epithelial skin cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, and is the sixth most common malignancy in the U.S. HNSCC patients undergoing chemotherapy commonly develop anemia, a condition in which the body lacks mature red blood cells (RBCs). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a systemically circulating hormone in the body that regulates the production of RBCs and is applied to treat anemia. Recently, several studies implicated shortened life expectancy of cancer patients by EPO administration. It may be due to an unexpected activation of survival and proliferation pathways of cancer cells by EPO because of the presence of ectopically expressed erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) on the surface of cancer cells. The current study tests the biological effects of EPO and EPOR in HNSCC. A shRNA-mediated knockdown of the EPOR gene was applied to two specific cell lines, HN4 and its metastatic derivative HN12. Knockdown of EPOR decreased proliferation in both HN4 and HN12 cells. To our surprise, application of EPO to HN12 control cell line downregulated proliferation in these high EPOR-expressing cells. Conversely, EPO increased proliferation in a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Although EPO greatly impacted HNSCC proliferation, no significant difference was found in migration of these cells upon its application. It was indicated that the pathway responsible for proliferative effects in HNSCC from EPOR association could be due to activation of the PI-3/Akt pathway, judged by its phosphorylation of AKT. However, we need to further elucidate the contradictive biological mechanisms of downregulation of HNSCC and upregulation of MCF-7 proliferation. We also need to expand the number of screened cell lines and confirm the relevance of our observation. Collected together, these findings confirm the hypothesis that EPO and EPOR can impact HNSCC tumor progression, and that their effects may vary among cancer types. These results draw attention to the possible detrimental use of EPO in cancer treatment, and its administration therefore, should be reevaluated.
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Espinosa-Cotton, Madelyn. "Interleukin-1 signaling contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of Cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6570.
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Despite the incorporation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab into the clinical management of recurrent and metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), only a small subset of patients responds to cetuximab, despite EGFR overexpression in virtually all of their tumors. At this time, there is a lack of validated predictive biomarkers to predict which patients will respond to cetuximab. Our previous work suggests that cetuximab activates the interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway via tumor release of IL-1 alpha (IL-1α), although the implications of activating this pathway are unclear. The IL-1 pathway plays a central role in immune response and displays both pro-tumor and anti-tumor activities. IL-1 may promote tumor growth by upregulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators involved in angiogenesis and metastasis. On the other hand, IL-1 signaling may promote antitumor immunity via enhancement of natural killer (NK)-cell mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and T cell activity, which are important mechanisms of action of cetuximab.
The goal of this work is to determine how modulation of the IL-1 pathway affects HNSCC tumor response to cetuximab and if IL-1 may serve as a predictive biomarker for patient response to cetuximab. Blockade of IL-1 signaling did not enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of cetuximab, while IL-1α overexpression and treatment with recombinant IL-1α and IL-1α nanoparticles increased HNSCC tumor response to cetuximab in immunodeficient and immunocompetent HNSCC mouse models. Mechanistically, these results appear to be due to activation of an anti-tumor NK and T cell-mediated immune response. Additionally, we found that both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity may be involved in the efficacy of IL-1-induced ADCC against cetuximab-coated HNSCC cells. Altogether, these results suggest that IL-1 signaling is necessary for HNSCC tumor response to cetuximab. Furthermore, we have shown that pre-treatment serum and tumor IL-1 ligands can predict progression-free survival of HNSCC patients treated with standard-of-care cetuximab and chemotherapy, cetuximab combined with other targeted therapies, and cetuximab monotherapy. Overall, we propose that IL-1α warrants further study as a novel therapeutic to enhance response to cetuximab and as a predictive biomarker for HNSCC response to cetuximab.
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PERRONE, DONATELLA. "Le cancer stem cells nei tumori della regione testa-collo: studio in vitro ed in vivo della linea cellulare HEP2." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/331740.
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Abstract
Recenti evidenze scientifiche hanno proposto un nuovo modello di tumorigenesi, secondo il quale l’origine di un tumore dipende da un accumulo sequenziale e stocastico di mutazioni all’interno di una popolazione cellulare eterogenea costituente uno specifico tessuto. Benché le cellule tumorali spesso esibiscono un largo numero di mutazioni, solo una piccola sottopopolazione risulta cruciale per lo sviluppo ed il mantenimento del tumore. Studi condotti a tale riguardo hanno evidenziato che il cancro origina e viene mantenuto da cellule che posseggono caratteristiche di staminalità, ossia capacità di auto-rinnovamento e di differenziazione. Questa sottopopolazione di cellule cancerose è stata definita come “cellule staminali tumorali” (o cancer stem cells, CSCs) e ad oggi è ritenuta principale responsabile della progressione neoplastica e possibile causa dell’eterogeneità del tumore.
Le CSCs rappresentano, dunque, un modello utile per studiare i meccanismi alla base dell’oncogenesi, prerequisito fondamentale per perseguire l’obiettivo ultimo di individuazione di nuovi target molecolari specifici per terapie topiche nel trattamento dei tumori HNSCC. In quest‘ottica è risultato interessante affrontare uno studio volto all’identificazione e alla caratterizzazione molecolare e fenotipica delle cellule staminali cancerose nel tumore della regione testa-collo (Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, HNSCC). Tale ricerca è stata condotta a carico delle Hep-2, una linea cellulare continua e ben differenziata di carcinoma laringeo umano. Mediante uno specifico protocollo di crescita, la coltura cellulare di Hep-2 è stata arricchita in cancer stem cells. Successivamente, il potenziale tumorigenico delle Hep-2 arricchite in CSCs è stato valutato mediante analisi in vivo.
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Sharma, Karan, and Xuejun Wen. "ENGINEERING SURFACES TO SUPPORT NEURAL STEM CELLS (HNSC’S) AND HEPATOCYTES ADHESION AND GROWTH." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4492.
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In a 2D cell culture, the cells are mainly grown on flat surfaces which are usually made of polystyrene plastic. Cells are able to attach to these surfaces, forming individual cell formations or colonies. In this study, we have been looked at many different platforms to improve cell growth, adhesion, attachment and proliferation on two different promising cell lines. These cell lines are the human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Researchers have been very interested in studying these cell lines in the recent years as they have very useful potentials in the long run to aid and cure many of the disorders, diseases and possibly replace infected or injured organs as well. This can be done using actual clinical applications for cell therapies and tissue transplantation. Based on the studies conducted for this thesis, we have been able to show that cells can be maintained in a 2D culture setting with increasing growth and adhesion factors. The conditions used for these studies were a way to not use the traditional materials for cell attachment and growth. This was pursued due to the fact that most stem cells for their continuity require a microenvironment that will support their physical and chemical properties of an effective extra cellular matrix (ECM). To reiterate, presently most ECM molecules are human or animal derived for effective cell culture applications but not clinical. This is a major problem as each batch varies, they are difficult to isolate and most contain biological components that have been known to limit their use in clinical applications. Hence, this study concentrated on developing synthetic polymer based ECMs as they do not have the problems of the human or animal derived ECMs, but also as they are relatively low-cost, reliable and easily fabricated. Through many experimental trials we have successfully developed synthetic polymer based ECM molecules that sustain stem cell growth for HepG2 liver hepatocellular carcinoma and hNSC human neural stem cell lines. The different substrates developed were a peptide fabricated in our lab; different concentrations and solutions of Poly 4-vinylphenol (P4VP) that were used on a flat hollow fiber membrane made using Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) doped in a solution containing PAN/N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) having a high biocompatibility. This hollow fiber membrane study was maintained with eight different conditions over a period of 6 weeks.
Books on the topic "HNSCs"
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Kinetics of reactions of high nuclearity metal carbonyl clusters (HNCCs): (Ru@C(CO)@@) and (Ru@C(CO)@@). Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1991.
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Zheng, Ying. Systematic studies of kinetics of reactions of high nuclearity metal carbonyl clusters (HNCCS) Rub6sC(CO)b1s7, Rub5sC(CO)b1s5bs and Feb5sC(CO)b1s5 with group VA-donor nucleophiles. 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "HNSCs"
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Simpkins, Stacy. "SharePoint Service Applications, HNSCs, and an App Catalog." In Building a SharePoint 2016 Home Lab, 333–453. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-2170-9_11.
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Rischin, Danny. "Update of Immune Therapies in Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 297–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_19.
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AbstractSince the initial reports of activity of pembrolizumab in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), investigation of the role of immune therapies has been the major focus of clinical trials in R/M HNSCC. Randomised trials initially with nivolumab and later with pembrolizumab established overall survival benefit in patients with R/M HNSCC previously treated with platinum compared to physicians choice of 2nd line therapy, and have led to regulatory approval around the world. More recently the Keynote-048 trial has compared both pembrolizumab monotherapy and pembrolizumab + platinum/5FU to the Extreme regimen of platinum/5FU/cetuximab in the first-line R/M setting. The key findings from this trial are that pembrolizumab monotherapy compared to Extreme improved overall survival in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 20 and ≥ 1, and that pembro/chemotherapy improved OS in CPS ≥ 20, CPS ≥ 1 and the total population. Relative to Extreme there was less toxicity in the monotherapy arm and comparable toxicity in the pembro/chemo arm. Based on this trial use of pembrolizumab as part of first-line treatment for R/M HNSCC is appropriate for the majority of patients, and represents a new standard of care. The focus has now moved to identifying combinations that may be superior to pembrolizumab monotherapy or to chemotherapy + pembrolizumab. Some of the more promising approaches under investigation in HNSCC are discussed in this chapter. In summary, immune therapies are now the cornerstone of management of R/M HNSCC with the approval of pembrolizumab in the first-line R/M setting.
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Syrjänen, Stina, and Jaana Rautava. "Vaccination Expectations in HNSCC." In HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer, 257–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_21.
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Roden, Dylan F., Jennifer M. Johnson, Petr Szturz, Paolo Bossi, and Athanassios Argiris. "New and Promising Targeted Therapies in First and Second-Line Settings." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 277–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_18.
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AbstractDeeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignancies, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), has led to the investigation of several novel targeted therapies. These therapeutic approaches may eventually replace or complement existing treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, and specifically cetuximab, are as of now the only class of targeted agents, excluding immune checkpoint inhibitors, with approval in the treatment of HNSCC. Beyond EGFR inhibition, novel therapies under evaluation are directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, cell cycle regulation (for example, cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6), HRAS, DNA repair mechanisms, and others. Development of new therapies has to take into consideration the complexity of solid tumors and their heterogeneity. Multitargeted combination therapy approaches may be required in certain cases in order to maximize antitumor effect. Ways to individualize treatment using validated biomarkers are likely to improve outcomes. We review the most relevant molecular targets in HNSCC and provide updates on clinical trial data with promising new targeted agents.
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Li, Hua, and Jennifer R. Grandis. "Mutational Profile of HPV-Positive HNSCC." In Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer, 171–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21100-8_8.
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Tinhofer, Ingeborg. "The Role of Liquid Biopsies for Monitoring Disease Evolution." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 53–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_4.
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AbstractBody fluids of cancer patients have attracted increasing attention in biomedical research within the last 15 years since—as so-called liquid biopsies—they represent a non-invasive source of clinically exploitable biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA). Assessment of CTCs in peripheral blood from solid cancer patients has proven useful for detection of subclinical disease which otherwise remains invisible for current staging techniques. Based on results from large cohort studies in breast and colon cancer, diagnostic tests for enumeration of CTCs have been developed which can be used for tumor staging, prognosis, and post-treatment surveillance. Circulating plasma DNA derived from Epstein–Barr or human papilloma viruses has been established as a sensitive and highly specific biomarker for early cancer detection and disease monitoring. More recently, first studies have been initiated for studying the diagnostic value of mutant variants in plasma-derived ctDNA for treatment selection, response assessment and early detection of treatment failure.Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a malignancy associated with locoregionally advanced stage at presentation, dismal prognosis and little improvement in treatment outcome over the past decade, especially for patients with metastatic disease. HNSCC patients might therefore benefit from incorporation of liquid biopsy-based assays in clinical management. In the following chapters, I will summarize current evidence of the diagnostic value of liquid biopsies in HNSCC and give examples of potential clinical applications.
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Rischin, Danny. "Biomarkers for Immune Modulatory Treatment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 83–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_6.
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AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the standard of care for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC). However, only a minority of patients respond, hence the search for predictive biomarkers. Potential predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors discussed in this chapter include (1) Immune checkpoint ligand expression e.g., PD-L1, (2) biomarkers of a T-cell inflamed tumour microenvironment (TME) such as gene expression profiles of activated T cells, (3) biomarkers of tumour neoepitope burden such as tumour mutation burden (TMB) and (4) multidimensional quantitative techniques. At present only PD-L1 expression has been shown to have clinical utility in head and neck cancer. It enriches for populations more likely to respond, but the false positive predictive value remains high. In the pivotal Keynote−048 trial that established a role for pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) monotherapy and pembrolizumab + chemotherapy as treatment options in first-line R/M HNSCC, primary endpoints included overall survival in defined subgroups based on PD-L1 expression. In this trial the combined positive score (CPS) was used which takes into account PD-L1 expression in tumour and immune cells. Based on this trial regulatory approvals for first-line pembrolizumab in R/M HNSCC require assessment of PD-L1 expression using the CPS. Finally we discuss emerging evidence that locoregionally advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancers that have high expression of CD103 positive CD8 T cells have an excellent prognosis and features that suggest increased probability of responding to anti-PD1/PD-L1, raising the possibility of incorporating these immune therapies as part of a de-escalation trial strategy.
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De Pauw, Ines, Carolien Boeckx, and An Wouters. "Mechanisms of Cetuximab Resistance and How to Overcome It." In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 21–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_3.
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AbstractDeregulated or increased signalling of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an integral role in the development of various cancer types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), making it a compelling drug target. However, after initially promising results of EGFR-targeted therapies, such as the monoclonal antibody cetuximab, it became clear that both intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance are major roadblocks in the field of personalised cancer treatments.In order to unravel and overcome resistance to cetuximab, at least two strategies can be adopted.Firstly, therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signalling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signalling. In this chapter, we discuss which mechanisms of cetuximab resistance are already known and which ones deserve further investigation. This enhanced knowledge will guide us to rationally design and test novel combination therapies that overcome resistance to EGFR-targeting agents in cancer treatment.Secondly, an urgent need remains to develop novel targeted treatments for single-agent or combined therapy use. In this view, due to the particular mode of activation of the EGFR receptor, involving ligand-induced homo- and heterodimerization of the four HER receptors, an increased inhibition scope of HER receptors most likely results in a more potent blockade of the HER network, preventing premature emergence of resistance and leading to a more pronounced therapeutic benefit. We discuss two multitargeted compounds, being MEHD7945A (duligotuzumab) and afatinib, in this chapter.Despite the huge efforts to unravel the molecular landscape of HNSCC, the main clinically validated target remains EGFR. However, immune checkpoints, like programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), are gaining clinical approvals as well. We underscore the importance of adopting rational drug combinations to enhance the therapeutic effect of the EGFR-inhibitor cetuximab and highlight the ongoing search for predictive biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of delivering individualized cancer therapy to HNSCC patients.
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Brakenhoff, Ruud H., Steffen Wagner, and Jens P. Klussmann. "Molecular Patterns and Biology of HPV-Associated HNSCC." In HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer, 37–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_3.
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Raudenska, Martina, Jaromir Gumulec, Andrew M. Fribley, and Michal Masarik. "HNSCC Biomarkers Derived from Key Processes of Cancerogenesis." In Targeting Oral Cancer, 115–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27647-2_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "HNSCs"
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Bin, Wu, Li Mingzhi, Liu Xiucheng, Wang Heying, He Cunfu, and Liu Zongfa. "Cure Monitoring of Adhesive for Composite/Metal Bonded Structure Based on Highly Nonlinear Solitary Waves." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10717.
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Abstract In this paper, a nondestructive evaluation technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) is proposed to monitor the curing process of adhesive for composite/metal bonded structure. HNSWs are mechanical waves with high energy intensity and non-distortive nature which can form and propagate in a nonlinear system, such as a one-dimensional granular chain. In the present study, a finite element model of the one-dimensional granular chain is established with the commercial software Abaqus, to study the reflection behavior of HNSWs at the interface between the particle at the end of chain and the sample. The simulation results show that the time of flight (TOF) of the primary reflected solitary wave decreases with the stiffness of the sample increases, and the amplitude ratio (AR) between the primary reflected solitary wave and the incident solitary wave increases. An HNSWs transducer based on the one-dimensional granular chain is designed and fabricated. The relationship between the characteristic parameters of the primary reflected solitary wave (TOF and AR) and the curing time of adhesive for a composite/metal bonded structure is experimentally investigated. The experiment results suggest that the TOF decreases and the AR increases as the epoxy cures. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. This study provides a new characterization method for monitoring the curing process of adhesive for composite/metal bonded structure.
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Santos, Júlia Romano Ferreira, Érika Laís de Oliveira Silva, Iris Dutra Barbosa, Lorrane Silva Moura Dorneles, and Fernanda Guimarães Vieira. "REVISÃO DE LITERATURA: ASPECTOS MORFOLÓGICOS NEURONAIS CONGÊNITOS DESENCADEADOS PELA INFECÇÃO INTRA-UTERINA POR ZIKA VÍRUS." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Histologia e Embriologia Humana. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/3216.
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Introdução: Por Zika vírus (ZIKV) entende-se o patógeno arboviral pertencente ao gênero Flavivirus, notório por ser transmitido vetorialmente por artrópodes do gênero Aedes - dentre eles o Aedes aegypti - e hábil a desencadear a infecção sistêmica Zika. Foi diagnosticado documentalmente, no Brasil, em maio de 2015, por métodos biomoleculares sistematizados por pesquisadores da Universidade Federal da Bahia. O progressivo aumento das notificações relacionadas ao nascimento de crianças com microcefalia, no Nordeste, exigiu atenção do Ministério da Saúde, a fim de investigar correlações fisiopatológicas reportadas, tais como acometimentos oculares e deficiências cognitivas, com alterações morfológicas em recém-nascidos com ZIKV. Objetivo: Revisar estudos sobre impactos congênitos neuronais em crianças infectadas verticalmente pelo ZIKV para compreender eventuais alterações morfológicas. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, realizada a partir da leitura íntegra de 23 publicações científicas, escritas em Português e em Inglês entre 2016 e 2021, acerca das disfunções morfológicas embrionárias desencadeadas pela infecção por ZIKV. Tal elegibilidade deu-se pelo levantamento em Bases de Dados (Scopus, PubMed, Scielo e Portal CAPES) com cruzamento dos Descritores Zika virus, Embryology e Congenital Abnormalities. Resultados: A infecção fetal pelo ZIKV ainda não é totalmente esclarecida e, apesar de estudos sugerirem que o vírus seja capaz de driblar a imunoproteção placentária, ainda há um hiato quanto à influência viral em anomalias congênitas. Entretanto, já foi comprovado que o ZIKV induz efeitos citopáticos por desencadear lesões histológicas no citotrofoblasto ao subverter o sistema imunológico placentário, com tropismo por Macrófagos, via expressão do sfRNA viral. Alguns estudos identificaram antígenos virais em Células Progenitoras de Sinais Neuronais (hNPCs), sendo tal conteúdo viral hábil a modular negativamente a neurogênese por induzir a apoptose a partir da regulação, via mecanismos ainda obscuros, da expressão gênica. Particularmente, as hNPCs superexpressam Receptores AXL, capazes de viabilizarem o egresso intracelular do ZIKV e de mediarem vias de sinalização supressoras da resposta imunitária inata, magnificando a neurovirulência. Conclusão: A infecção congênita por ZIKV induz alterações morfológicas que lesam o Sistema Nervoso Fetal pela depleção das hNPCs corticais, resultando em malformações neurológicas.
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Kristin, J., M. Strugacevac, HC Tsai, N. Ullrich, C. Wiek, J. Schipper, and M. Getzlaff. "Physikalische Charakterisierung von HNSCC-Zellen." In Abstract- und Posterband – 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685874.
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Kristin, J., M. Strugacevac, HC Tsai, N. Ullrich, C. Wiek, J. Schipper, and M. Getzlaff. "Physical characterization of HNSCC cells." In Abstract- und Posterband – 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1686016.
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Ugele, I., K. Singer, M. Wehrstein, L. Symeou, K. Dettmer, M. Kapsreiter, C. Bohr, and M. Kreutz. "Immunological and metabolic characterization in HNSCC." In Abstract- und Posterband – 91. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1711005.
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Ugele, I., K. Singer, M. Wehrstein, L. Symeou, K. Dettmer, M. Kapsreiter, C. Bohr, and M. Kreutz. "Immunologische und metabolische Charakterisierung des HNSCC." In Abstract- und Posterband – 91. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1711639.
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Altayeb, Yousra Bashir Fathalrhman, and Ecir Yılmaz. "Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Treatment by Magneti Nanoparticles (Hyperthermia Method): A Review." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.020.
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Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly diagnosed oral cancer. It is a type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) oral cancer affects more than 300,000 people in a year. Oral cancer is the sixth most common malignant cancer. The traditional methods of treatment were used through surgery, followed by chemotherapy, but these methods are not effective enough for the treatment, so treatment was focused on using magnetic nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles demolish only the cancer cells directly without affecting healthy cells. They can also be used to increase the effectiveness of the other treatment methods. Iron oxide nanoparticles, maghemite (Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancerous diseases. Iron oxides NPs have distinctive properties as they have good biodegradability, very low toxicity, modifiability, and ease of preparation. the method of hyperthermia is one of the effective methods in the treatment of cancer. Because cancer cells show greater sensitivity to high temperature compared to normal cells.
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Foerster, Y., M. Diensthuber, S. Balster, J. Gabrielpillai, H. Petzold, J. Wagenblast, T. Stöver, and C. Geißler. "Neurotrophinrezeptoren - prognostische Marker und Therapieziel für HNSCC?" In Abstract- und Posterband – 91. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e.V., Bonn – Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1711589.
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Kondratyev, Maria, Aleksandra Pesic, Troy Ketela, Azin Sayad, Stephano Marastoni, Jason Mofat, Carl Virtanen, Natalie Stickle, Reider Grenman, and Brad Wouters. "Abstract 407: Novel targets in metastatic HNSCC." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-407.
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Geißler, C., Y. Foerster, M. Diensthuber, J. Wagenblast, S. Balster, J. Gabrielpillai, H. Petzold, and T. Stöver. "Neurotrophinrezeptoren - prognostische Marker und Therapieziel für HNSCC?" In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727851.
Full textReports on the topic "HNSCs"
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Dioguardi, Mario, Diego Sovereto, and Giuseppe Troiano. The Prognostic Role of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0119.
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Review question / Objective: the PICO question was formulated , in which the following points are identified: Participants (patients with HNSCC), Intervention (altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 in HNSCC), Control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-31 and miR-155), Outcome (difference in prognosis of survival among patients with low and high miR-31 and miR-155 expression in HNSCC The PICO question therefore is as follows: Is there a difference in OS (overall Survival) between HNSCC patients with high miR-31 and miR-155 expression versus those with low expression? Condition being studied: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), altered expression of miR-31 and miR-155 tissue.
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Dioguardi, Mario. The Prognostic Role of miR-195 and miR-34 in HNSCC: Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0150.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: The PICO question was as follows: What is the RR and HR in the prognostic survival indices among HNSCC patients with high tissue miR-195 expression compared to those with low expression? The different points studied were: (P) participants (patients with HNSCC), (I) intervention (impaired expression of miR-195in HNSCC), (C) control (patients with HNSCC who have low expression of miR-195), ( O) outcome (difference in death risk of survival prognosis between patients with low and high miR-195 expression in HNSCC). Main outcome(s): The main outcomes are HR and the RR on the prognostic indices of survival including: OS, DFS, CSS and PFS.