Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HMATE1'

Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (hMATE1) is a major candidate for being the molecular identity of organic cation/proton (OC/H+) exchange activity in the luminal membrane of renal proximal tubules (RPT). Although physiological function of hMATE1 supports luminal OC efflux, the kinetics of hMATE1-mediated OC transport have typically been characterized through measurement of uptake i.e., the interaction between outward-facing hMATE1 and OCs. To examine kinetics of hMATE1-mediated transport in a more physiologically relevant direction i.e., an interaction between inward-facing hMATE1 and cytoplasmic substrates, I measured the time course of hMATE1-mediated efflux of the prototypic MATE1-substrate, [3H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ([3H]MPP), under a variety of conditions, including different values for intra- and extracellular pH, from CHO cells that stably expressed hMATE1. I showed that an IC50/Ki for interaction between extracellular H+ and outward-facing hMATE1 determined from conventional uptake experiments [12.9 ± 1.23 nM (pH 7.89); n = 9] and from the efflux protocol [14.7 ± 3.45 nM (pH 7.83); n = 3] were not significantly different (P = 0.6). To test a hypothesis that H+ interacts symmetrically with each face of hMATE1, kinetics of interaction between intracellular H+ and inward-facing hMATE1 were determined using the efflux protocol. The IC50 for interaction with H+ was 11.5 nM (pH 7.91), consistent with symmetrical interactions of H+ with the inward-facing and outward-facing aspects of hMATE1. The efflux protocols demonstrated in this study are a potential means to examine kinetics at cytoplasmic face of hMATE1 and also a practical tool to screen uptake of substrates at extracellular face of hMATE1.

Le chloroplaste est un organite spécifique de la cellule végétale. Il est délimité par une double membrane ou enveloppe qui renferme de nombreux systèmes de transports d'ions et de métabolites essentiels au fonctionnement du chloroplaste et de la cellule végétale. A ce jour, seuls quelques transporteurs de métaux associés à l'enveloppe des plastes ont été identifiés : un transporteur de fer, un transporteur de magnésium ainsi que deux ATPases à cuivre de type P1B : HMA1 et PAA1. PAA1 représenterait la voie principale d'import du cuivre dans le chloroplaste, notamment pour alimenter la photosynthèse. HMA1 constituerait une voie additionnelle d'import du cuivre, voie essentielle pour répondre à un stress oxydatif qui apparaît en particulier lorsque la plante est cultivée en lumière forte. Afin de mieux comprendre les rôles respectifs de ces deux ATPases dans la régulation de l'homéostasie du cuivre chloroplastique, deux approches complémentaires ont été développées : - une approche in planta visant à produire de nouvelles lignées affectées dans l'expression de l'une (mutant paa1 surexprimant HMA1) ou de ces deux ATPases (double mutant hma1/paa1), puis à identifier des conditions (stress lumineux, stress salin, excès de métaux) révélant le rôle essentiel de ces ATPases ou induisant une réponse transcriptionnelle différente des gènes codant ces ATPases ou d'autres acteurs liés à l'homéostasie du cuivre... Les résultats obtenus montrent que la fonction de HMA1, connue pour être essentielle lors d'un stress lumineux, est aussi requise lorsque la plante subit un stress salin. Ces résultats confortent le rôle de HMA1 dans la délivrance du cuivre à la superoxyde dismutase (cuivre/zinc) du chloroplaste. D'autre part, nous avons montré qu'en condition de culture photoautotrophe, le cuivre permet de supprimer partiellement la photosensibilité du mutant hma1, validant ainsi l'implication de HMA1 dans l'homéostasie du cuivre. Nous avons aussi démontré que les fonctions de HMA1 et PAA1 ne sont pas redondantes. Le cuivre importé par ces deux ATPases est probablement délivré à des protéines cibles par des voies différentes. Enfin, nous avons montré qu'il existe une troisième voie d'import de cuivre dans le chloroplaste, voie encore non caractérisée. - une approche in vitro visant à produire ces deux ATPases HMA1 et PAA1 dans le système hétérologue Lactococcus lactis afin de déterminer leurs spécificités ioniques et leurs caractéristiques biochimiques. Le système d'expression procaryote L. lactis a été mis en place au laboratoire et s'avère parfaitement adapté à la production de protéines membranaires de plantes. Ce système a permis de produire plusieurs protéines membranaires d'Arabidopsis, dont HMA1 et PAA1, en quantités compatibles avec des analyses biochimiques. Nous avons déterminé les conditions de solubilisation et de purification de ces deux protéines. Nous n'avons pas pu mesurer d'activité ATPase associée à ces protéines. En revanche, nos données indiquent que ces deux protéines recombinantes peuvent lier l'un de leur substrat ; l'ATP. Nous avons aussi pu démontrer que PAA1 peut lier du cuivre sous forme 1+ et sous forme 2+. Au bilan, ces données suggèrent que le contrôle de l'homéostasie du cuivre chloroplastique requiert plusieurs systèmes de transport indépendants et une régulation fine de ces voies d'import de cuivre afin d'alimenter les besoins liés à la photosynthèse et les besoins liés aux mécanismes de résistance aux stress oxydatifs.

Les gliomes malins constituent les tumeurs crbrales primaires les plus agressives et le glioblastome (GBM) est la plus frquente et agressive dentre elles. La survie mdiane associe nest que de 14,6 mois. D au caractre hautement invasif de ces tumeurs, la rsection maximale de la tumeur doit imprativement tre suivie de traitement de radio- et/ou chimiothrapie. Cependant, la prsence de la barrire hmatoencphalique et des mcanismes de chimiorsistance, tels que les pompes efflux, limitent lacheminement et lefficacit des composs aux cellules tumorales. Louverture osmotique de la barrire hmatoencphalique (OBHE) a t dveloppe afin damliorer lacheminement dagents anti-noplasiques au cerveau et la tumeur. Bien que plusieurs tudes aient t effectues afin de caractriser son processus, beaucoup dinformations restent dcouvrir afin dapprofondir nos connaissances sur lOBHE et amliorer son application en clinique. Avec lobjectif ultime de contourner ces deux obstacles, jai caractris le processus dynamique de lOBHE pour deux molcules de tailles diffrentes par imagerie par rsonance magntique dynamique, ainsi que pour une molcule tant un substrat des pompes efflux par tomographie dmission par positron dans le modle murin Fischer-F98. Jai galement tudi lexpression et la localisation de diffrentes pompes efflux par PCR quantitative et immunohistochimie dans des spcimens de gliomes malins. Les rsultats obtenus dmontrent que la barrire hmato-tumorale limite lacheminement la tumeur de composs de diffrent poids molculaire. Lacheminement au parenchyme crbral et la tumeur suite une procdure dOBHE est aussi dpendant du poids molculaire et de la taille de la molcule acheminer. LOBHE moins dtre de qualit excellente, ne semble pas suffisante pour acheminer au parenchyme crbral des substrats des pompes efflux. Les GBM expriment la MRP1, MRP3 et BCRP diffrents niveaux. La PGP, MRP1 et BCRP sont exprimes par les cellules endothliales des microvaisseaux crbraux. Lensemble de ces rsultats suggre que ladministration dagents thrapeutiques suite la procdure dOBHE doit tre optimise selon lagent administr et que linhibition de pompes efflux ou une autre stratgie rendant les agents de chimiothrapie invisibles aux pompes efflux sera bnfique pour amliorer leur acheminement au systme nerveux central et aux cellules tumorales.

Object of the thermes is located in a compact cube surrounded by water, which is located in the park. Baths are divided vertically into five levels according to function. Public baths, wellness, rehabilitation, physiotherapy.

The thesis is specialized in the creation of teaching aids for preschool and early school age children. The work consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is characterized by psychological human development with an emphasis on the development of preschool and early school age children. The thesis is focused on the life and work of reform pedagogue Maria Montessori. The theoretical part is discussed about learning, the use of educational games and educational aids. In educational process is very important a teacher. The practical part consists of teaching aids - the alphabet, numbers, and developing a sense of small tasks which are normally used in dressing up.

The aim of the thesis is to create methodological papers that will serve to teach or practice massage. There is outlined the history and the beginning of the word massage. There are deseribed the masseur touches, their technique and indications. The suitability and unsuitability of massage, effects, effects on the human body. It lists and uses of funds and equipment for sports massage. Based on the literature and captured images are developed methodology sheets for your convenience and are accompanied by photographs. The leaves have been tested in practice, a masseur in the fitness center.

This diploma thesis deals with the Tactual Profile test of tactile perception and is aimed at pupils of younger school age with severe visual impairment. The theoretical part is devoted to topics of visual impairment, tactile perception, other compensatory senses and specifics in the development of visually impaired children in preschool age. The theoretical background of the work is supplemented by current studies from the American environment dealing with the importance of developing children's tactile perception in connection with subsequent Braille teaching. The thesis contains a detailed description of Tactual Profile, including material history and theoretical basis. Then it is followed by the research part, which was processed by the quantitative method. The results obtained by testing were processed into graphs according to individual material categories. The thesis also includes two examination reports as an example of possible evaluation in practice. The aim of this thesis is to determine the level of tactile perception in younger school age children with severe visual impairment by Tactual Profile. Another intention is to create an abbreviated version of this test, which could form a proposal for functional examination of touch in school and counseling practice. This abbreviated version...

Title: Stereognosis assessment in the hands area of physiotherapy students. Objectives of work: The main objective of this dissertation is an evaluation of stereognosis functions of hands and also the influence from the practise of palpation skills on the stereognosis at a group of thirty physiotherapy students from the first-year bachelor's degree during two measurements at an interval of six months. Next aim is to compare results of these measurements and to evaluate potential changes. Methods: This dissertation work was made by form of clinical study. The evaluation criterion was time and perfection in performed tests. For the assessment of hand stereognosis at the research group were used 4 simple tests without using sight: test by Petrie - sort the balls by size, to recognise a foam made letters and to determine the roughness of sandpaper. Results: The results show that during the study of physiotherapy at students there has been a slight development in the stereognosis functions. The influence of somatosensory learning during the six months period helped to reduce the number of errors which have been made by probands while taking the assigned tests. Results indicate that regular and careful practise of palpation ability has a particular influence for development and improvement of...

This diploma paper deals with the problems connected to sports massages. The aim of this work was to form didactical help, including a DVD which will be also used for sports massage trainings. The teoretical part briefly describes the history and development of classical and sports massages. There are defined types of sports massages, their incidence and effect. A special attention is also paid to basic hygienic code and restrictions of sports massages which are to be respected. This work futher analyses massages and describes basic rubbing touches and the procedure of overall sports massage. In addition, the work brings an outline of the make of the training film. For the practical part is enclosed a DVD film as a didactical help.

These theses attempt to sketch the notion of touch in relation to art and everyday life. The first chapter deals closer with the sense of touch phenomena, introduce and characterize the touch communication, deals with creative types according to Viktor Lowenfeld, talks about haptic, art and touch. Later we introduce various types of diaries, psychological aspects of keep diaries and we also deal with diaries and taktilism relations. Third chapter has practical orientation and describe the meaning of haptic diaries. Last but not least it introduces particular haptic objects ? asamblages through the form of free associations. There are together 7 haptic objects created as a part of this theses.

The first part of the Thesis explores the specifics (developmental and educational) of a visually impaired pupil. The sense of touch is defined as being the major compensatory sense of visually impaired people. It also describes the principles and forms of the effective haptization and proposes suitable activities for the development of the touch perception. Through the basic tactile-graphics procedures, the text gets to its central theme, which is the tactile books (books with textures designed for the visually impaired). These books, as well as the possibilities of their borrowing or purchasing, are presented to a reader. Using the analysis and comparison of the available specialized materials, the Thesis summarizes the methodical procedures used for the creation of the tactile textbooks, which are suitable for the integrated visually impaired children in the lessons of the Czech Language. KEYWORDS: the sense of touch, touch perception, tactile books, visually impaired pupils, tactile graphics

This diploma thesis is focused on the problematics of examination of tactile perception in older school-age pupils with severe visual impairment. The thesis has got three main parts. The first part deals with tactile perception, defines its main characteristics, properties and obstacles associated with tactile perception. It also deals with the role of touch in the life of pupils with visual impairment. A large part of this chapter focuses on the description of orientation aids for visually impaired students. In conclusion, there are mentioned the diagnostic instruments by which the tactile perception is judged. The second part deals with the Tactual Profile observation instrument. There is a detailed description of its purpose and use and there are also mentioned foreign studies on this instrument of Dutch origin. The practical part includes the study of the level of tactile perception in school-aged pupils with visual impairment through the Tactual Profile test. The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the functionality and usability of this test material (Tactual Profile) in praxis in the given age group of pupils and students with visual impairment. Keywords Tactile perception, touch, visual impairment, Tactual Profile test, school age, older school-age pupils, diagnostics, blindness.

The thesis deals with the creation of Snoezelen room, its characteristics and properties. He is more closely involved with the creation of snoezelen for pupils with mental and combined disabilities who are trained in special primary schools. The work describes the target group, defines the snoezelen method and describes its origin and development in our country and abroad. The main goal of the thesis is to explain to the reader how the rooms are created and what it is necessary to know before deciding to launch the snoezelen room. This information was used mainly by special teachers who operate snoezelena in facilities where they work in schools. The thesis also touches on the topic of education at special schools, methods of working with these pupils and describes types of expressive therapies, therapies, basal stimulation and sensory stimulation. The thesis also reflects the Snoezelen-MSE qualification course in theory and practice, which was the main source. The output of the thesis is a proposed room model, description of equipment and activities that are suitable for working with disadvantaged pupils.