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1
Liu, L., W. Wan, and B. Ning. "A study of the ionogram derived effective scale height around the ionospheric <I>hm</I>F2." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 3 (May 19, 2006): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-851-2006.
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Abstract. The diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations of the ionogram derived scale height around the ionospheric F-layer peak (Hm) are statistically analyzed at Wuhan (114.4° E, 30.6° N) and the yearly variations of Hm are also investigated for Wuhan and 12 other stations where Hm data are available. Hm, as a measure of the slope of the topside electron number density profiles, is calculated from the bottomside electron density profiles derived from vertical sounding ionograms using the UMLCAR SAO-Explorer. Results indicate that the value of median Hm increases with increasing solar flux. Hm is highest in summer and lowest in winter during the daytime, while it exhibits a much smaller seasonal variation at night. A common feature presented at these 13 stations is that Hm undergoes a yearly annual variation with a maximum in summer during the daytime. The annual variation becomes much weaker or disappears from late night to pre-sunrise. In addition, a moderate positive correlation is found between Hm with hmF2 and a strong correlation between the bottomside thickness parameter B0 and Hm. The latter provides a new and convenient way for empirical modeling the topside ionospheric shape only from the established B0 parameter set.
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Cheema, Ali S., Lisa F. Stinson, Alethea Rea, Ching Tat Lai, Matthew S. Payne, Kevin Murray, Donna T. Geddes, and Zoya Gridneva. "Human Milk Lactose, Insulin, and Glucose Relative to Infant Body Composition during Exclusive Breastfeeding." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113724.
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Human milk (HM) components may influence infant growth and development. This study aimed to investigate relationships between infant body composition (BC) and HM lactose, insulin, and glucose (concentrations and calculated daily intakes (CDI)) as well as 24-h milk intake and maternal BC at 3 months postpartum. HM samples were collected at 2 months postpartum. Infant and maternal BC was assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy. Statistical analysis used linear regression accounting for infant birth weight. 24-h milk intake and CDI of lactose were positively associated with infant anthropometry, lean body mass and adiposity. Higher maternal BC measures were associated with lower infant anthropometry, z-scores, lean body mass, and adiposity. Maternal characteristics including BC and age were associated with concentrations and CDI of HM components, and 24-h milk intake. In conclusion, 24-h intake of HM and lactose as well as maternal adiposity are related to development of infant BC.
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Fu, Szu-Kai, Wei-Chin Tseng, Kuo-Wei Tseng, Chang-Chi Lai, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Hsia-Ling Tai, and Chia-Chen Hsu. "Effect of Daily Oral Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on Exercise Capacity Recovery after a Half-Marathon." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 4023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114023.
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A half-marathon (HM) is a vigorous high-intensity exercise, which could induce lower extremity musculoskeletal injury risks for recreational runners. They usually consume nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in order to shorten their return to play but ignore the side effects, such as peptic ulcers and renal and vascular disorders. Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) could improve inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating the gut microbiota, thus potentially improving muscle damage and recovery. However, few studies have addressed the PS128 exercise capacity recovery 96 h after HM. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PS128 on exercise capacity and physiological adaptation after HM. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover trial was used for the experiment. HM was conducted at the beginning and end of the 4-week nutritional supplement administration. Eight recreational runners took two capsules (3 × 1010 CFU/capsule) of PS128 each morning and evening before meals for 4 weeks as the PS128 treatment (LT), or they took two capsules of placebo for 4 weeks as the placebo treatment (PT). In both treatments, an exercise capacity test (lower extremity muscle strength, anaerobic power, lower extremity explosive force, and aerobic capacity) and blood test (muscle fatigue, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and renal injury) were performed before the administration of the nutritional supplement (baseline), 48 h before HM (pre), and 0 h (0 h post), 3 h (3 h post), 24 h (24 h post), 48 h (48 h post), 72 h (72 h post), and 96 h (96 h post) after HM. There was no significant difference in the total duration of HM between PT and LT, but PT was found to be significantly higher than LT at Stage 4 (15,751–21,000 m) of HM (3394 ± 727 s vs. 2778 ± 551 s, p = 0.02). The lower extremity muscle strength measured using an isokinetic dynamometer in PT was significantly lower than that in LT at 72 h after HM. The lower extremity explosive force from the countermovement jump (CMJ) in PT was significantly decreased compared to 24 h prior. There was no significant difference between anaerobic power and aerobic capacity between the two treatments after HM. After HM, LT had lower muscle damage indices, such as myoglobin (3 h post-PT vs. -LT: 190.6 ± 118 ng/mL vs. 91.7 ± 68.6 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and creatine phosphokinase (24 h post-PT vs. -LT: 875.8 ± 572.3 IU/L vs. 401 ± 295.7 IU/L, p < 0.0001). Blood urea nitrogen recovered in 24 h (24 h pre- vs. post-LT, p > 0.05) and higher superoxide dismutase was found in LT (96 h post-PT vs. -LT: 0.267 ± 0.088 U/mL vs. 0.462 ± 0.122 U/mL, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, PS128 supplementation was associated with an improvement in muscle damage, renal damage, and oxidative stress caused by HM through microbiota modulation and related metabolites but not in exercise capacity.
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Leghi, Gabriela E., Merryn J. Netting, Ching T. Lai, Ardra Narayanan, Michael Dymock, Alethea Rea, Mary E. Wlodek, Donna T. Geddes, and Beverly S. Muhlhausler. "Reduction in Maternal Energy Intake during Lactation Decreased Maternal Body Weight and Concentrations of Leptin, Insulin and Adiponectin in Human Milk without Affecting Milk Production, Milk Macronutrient Composition or Infant Growth." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061892.
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Maternal diet has the potential to affect human milk (HM) composition, but very few studies have directly assessed the effect of maternal diets on HM composition. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of improving dietary quality in lactating women over 2 weeks on the concentrations of macronutrients and metabolic hormones in HM. The secondary aims were to assess the impact of the dietary intervention on 24 h milk production, maternal body composition and infant growth. Fifteen women completed a 1-week baseline period followed by a 2-week dietary intervention phase targeted towards reducing fat and sugar intake. Maternal anthropometric and body composition and infant growth measurements were performed weekly. Total 24 h milk production was measured before and after the dietary intervention, and HM samples were collected daily. Maternal intakes of energy (−33%), carbohydrate (−22%), sugar (−29%), fat (−54%) and saturated fat (−63%) were significantly reduced during the dietary intervention. HM insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were 10–25% lower at the end of the dietary intervention, but HM concentrations of macronutrients were unaffected. Maternal body weight (−1.8%) and fat mass (−6.3%) were significantly reduced at the end of the dietary intervention, but there were no effects on 24 h milk production or infant growth. These results suggest that reducing maternal energy, carbohydrate, fat and sugar intake over a 2-week period is associated with significant reductions in HM insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. These changes may be secondary to decreases in maternal weight and fat mass. The limited studies to date that have investigated the association between metabolic hormone concentrations in HM and infant growth raise the possibility that the changes in HM composition observed in the current study could impact infant growth and adiposity, but further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Reddy, Akhila Sunkepally, Sara Dost, Marieberta Vidal, Saneese Stephen, Karen Baumgartner, Jimin Wu, Diane D. Liu, Sriram Yennu, and Eduardo Bruera. "The conversion ratio from intravenous (IV) hydromorphone to oral (PO) opioids in patients with cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.197.
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197 Background: Inpatients with cancer frequently undergo conversions from IV to PO hydromorphone (HM) or opioid rotation (OR) from IV HM to another PO opioid prior to discharge. Currently used conversion ratios (CR) between IV and PO HM range from 2-5 and opioid rotation ratios (ORR) between IV HM and oral morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) range from 10-20. This large variation in ratios may lead to uncontrolled pain or overdosing. Our aim was to determine the accurate CR from IV to PO HM and ORR from IV HM to PO morphine and oxycodone (measured as MEDD). Methods: We reviewed records of 4745 consecutive inpatient palliative care consults in our institute during 2010-14 for patients who underwent conversion from IV to PO HM or OR from IV HM to PO morphine or oxycodone. Patient characteristics, symptoms and opioid doses were determined in patients successfully discharged on oral opioids without readmission within 1 week. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the CR or ORR between the 24 hour IV HM mg dose prior to conversion to PO and the oral opioid mg dose used in the 24 hours prior to discharge. Results: Among 394 eligible patients on IV HM, 147 underwent conversion to PO HM and 247 underwent OR to oral morphine (163) or oxycodone (84). Mean age was 54 years, 39% were male, and 95% had advanced cancer. Median time between conversion to PO and discharge was 2 days. In 147 patients the median CR (IQR) from IV to PO HM was 2.5 (2.1-2.7) and correlation of IV to PO dose of HM was .95 (P < .0001). The median CR was 2.5 in patients receiving < 30mg of IV HM/day and 2.1 in patients receiving ≥ 30mg of HM/day (P = .004). In 247 patients the median ORR (IQR) from IV HM to MEDD was 11.5 (10-13) and correlation of IV HM to MEDD was .93 (P < .0001). The median ORR was 11.5 in patients receiving < 30mg of IV HM/day and 9.9 in patients receiving ≥ 30mg of HM/day (P = .0004). ORR from IV HM to MEDDs obtained from morphine (11) and oxycodone (12.1) were significantly different (P = .0023). The CR and ORR were not significantly impacted by other variables. Conclusions: The median CR from IV to PO HM is 2.5 and ORR from IV HM to MEDD is 11.5. This implies that 1 mg IV HM is equivalent to 2.5 mg PO HM and 11.5 mg MEDD. HM may cause hyperalgesia at doses ≥ 30 mg/day and thereby requires a lower ORR to other opioids.
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Xiao, Shengsheng, Jie Zhang, Jian Duan, Hongguang Liu, Cong Wang, and Chongjun Tang. "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Active Carbon Component Changes Following Different Vegetation Restoration Ages on Severely Eroded Red Soils in Subtropical China." Forests 11, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121304.
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Degraded soil has a high carbon sink potential. However, the carbon sequestration capacity and efficiency of comprehensive control measures in soil erosion areas are still not fully understood, and this information is essential for evaluating the effects of adopted restoration measures. The objective of this study was to determine the restoration of soil organic carbon and active carbon components under the impact of soil erosion measures and reforestation following different restoration ages. A small watershed with four typical restored plots following the same control measures (combination measures with horizontal bamboo burl-groove + replanting trees, shrubs and grasses) but different restoration ages (4 years, 14 years, 24 years and 34 years) and two reference plots (bare land (carbon-depleted) and nearby undisturbed forest (carbon-enriched)) in subtropical China was studied. The results showed that the soil organic carbon contents at a 1 m soil depth and the dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon concentrations in the upper 60 cm of soils of the four restored lands were higher than those in the bare land. Furthermore, the restored lands of 4 years, 14 years, 24 years and 34 years had soil organic carbon stocks in the 1 m soil depth of 22.83 t hm−2, 21.87 t hm−2, 32.77 t hm−2 and 39.65 t hm−2, respectively, which were higher than the bare land value of 19.86 t hm−2 but lower than the undisturbed forestland value of 75.90 t hm−2. The restored forestlands of 34 years of ecological restoration also had a high potential of being a soil organic carbon sink. Compared to the bare land, the restored lands of 4 years, 14 years, 24 years and 34 years had soil organic carbon sequestration capacities of 2.97 t hm−2, 2.01 t hm−2, 12.91 t hm−2 and 19.79 t hm−2, respectively, and had soil organic carbon sequestration rates of 0.74 t hm−2 a−1, 0.14 t hm−2 a−1, 0.54 t hm−2 a−1 and 0.58 t hm−2 a−1, respectively. Our results indicated that the combined measures of horizontal bamboo burl-groove and revegetation could greatly increase carbon sequestration and accumulation. Suitable microtopography modification and continuous organic carbon sources from vegetation are two main factors influencing soil organic carbon recovery. Combination measures, which can provide suitable topography and a continuous soil organic carbon supply, could be considered in treating degraded soils caused by water erosion in red soil areas.
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Supp, Dorothy M., Jennifer M. Hahn, Christopher M. Lloyd, Kelly A. Combs, Viki B. Swope, Zalfa Abdel-Malek, and Steven T. Boyce. "117 Light or Dark Pigmentation of Engineered Skin Substitutes Containing Melanocytes Protects Against UV-Induced DNA Damage in Vivo." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S78—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.120.
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Abstract Introduction Engineered skin substitutes (ESS) were developed to meet the need for prompt wound closure in patients with large full thickness burns. ESS containing autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes were shown to provide stable wound closure in burn patients, but are limited by hypopigmentation. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known risk factor for development of skin cancer. In normal human skin, epidermal melanocytes provide pigmentation, helping to shield skin from UV-induced DNA damage. The current study investigated inclusion of human melanocytes (hM) and their role in the response of ESS to UV light in vivo. Methods Primary cells were isolated from skin of healthy de-identified human donors with IRB approval. Three groups of ESS were prepared with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, +/- hM, and were grafted orthotopically to immunodeficient mice: ESS without hM; ESS with light skin-derived (Caucasian) hM (ESS+hML); and ESS with dark skin-derived (African American) hM (ESS+hMD). After 8 weeks in vivo, grafts were irradiated with 135 mJ/cm2 UV, and mice were euthanized after 2 or 24 hours; non-UV treated mice served as controls. Pigmentation and erythema were measured with a Mexameter. Melanocytes and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) were quantified by immunostaining with anti-TYRP1 and anti-CPD antibodies, respectively, followed by image analysis (Nikon Elements). Statistical analyses (SigmaPlot) utilized t-test or one-way ANOVA; P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results At 8 weeks post-grafting, mean hM density in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD was not significantly different from normal human skin samples. Pigmentation (in Mexameter units) before UV irradiation was significantly different among groups (ESS+hMD > ESS+hML > ESS no hM). UV irradiation did not increase erythema in any group, but resulted in significantly increased pigmentation in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD at 2 hours, but not 24 hours, post-UV. CPDs, the most prevalent form of UV-induced DNA damage, were significantly elevated 24 hours post-UV in ESS without hM. DNA damage was significantly lower 24 hours post-UV in ESS+hML and ESS+hMD compared with ESS without hM. No differences in DNA damage were observed between ESS+hML and ESS+hMD. Conclusions Pigmentation of ESS+hML and ESS+hMD in vivo varied according to the skin phototype of the hM donor, with no difference in melanocyte density, which was similar to normal human skin. Inclusion of either light or dark hM decreased UV-induced DNA damage, suggesting that hM in ESS play a photoprotective role, as in normal human skin. Applicability of Research to Practice Protection against UV-induced DNA damage may reduce the risk of skin cancer in patients grafted with ESS containing melanocytes.
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Prentice, Philippa M., Marieke H. Schoemaker, Jacques Vervoort, Kasper Hettinga, Tim T. Lambers, Eric A. F. van Tol, Carlo L. Acerini, et al. "Human Milk Short-Chain Fatty Acid Composition is Associated with Adiposity Outcomes in Infants." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy320.
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ABSTRACT Background Presumed benefits of human milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient composition. However, data on breast milk composition and its relation with growth are sparse. Objective We investigated whether short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), known to be present in HM and linked to energy metabolism, are associated with infancy anthropometrics. Methods In a prospective birth cohort, HM hindmilk samples were collected from 619 lactating mothers at 4–8 wk postnatally [median (IQR) age: 33.9 (31.3–36.5) y, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2): 22.8 (20.9–25.2)]. Their offspring, born at 40.1 (39.1–41.0) wk gestation with weight 3.56 (3.22–3.87) kg and 51% male, were assessed with measurement of weight, length, and skinfold thickness at ages 3, 12, and 24 mo, and transformed to age- and sex-adjusted z scores. HM SCFAs were measured by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and GC-MS. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to analyze the relations between NMR HM SCFAs and infancy growth parameters with adjustment for potential confounders. Results NMR peaks for HM butyrate, acetate, and formic acid, but not propionate, were detected. Butyrate peaks were 17.8% higher in HM from exclusively breastfeeding mothers than mixed-feeding mothers (P = 0.003). HM butyrate peak values were negatively associated with changes in infant weight (standardized B = −0.10, P = 0.019) and BMI (B = −0.10, P = 0.018) between 3 and 12 mo, and negatively associated with BMI (B = −0.10, P = 0.018) and mean skinfold thickness (B = −0.10, P = 0.049) at age 12 mo. HM formic acid peak values showed a consistent negative association with infant BMI at all time points (B < = −0.10, P < = 0.014), whereas HM acetate was negatively associated with skinfold thickness at 3 mo (B = −0.10, P = 0.028) and 24 mo (B = −0.10, P = 0.036). Conclusions These results suggest that HM SCFAs play a beneficial role in weight gain and adiposity during infancy. Further knowledge of HM SCFA function may inform future strategies to support healthy growth.
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Silva, Helga Cristina Almeida da. "Anais do VI Curso do Hotline de Hipertermia Maligna 2013." Revista Neurociências 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2014.v22.10196.
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O atendimento à Hipertermia Maligna (HM) na Escola Paulista de Medicina – Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) é feito de forma multidisciplinar, acolhendo o paciente desde o momento da crise de HM, quando o anestesiologista entra em contato com o atendimento telefônico 24 horas, até a investigação da suscetibilidade por meio do teste de contratura muscular in vitro, estudo anatomopatológico do músculo e genética. Isso se deve à disponibilidade de estrutura na disciplina de Anestesiologia, Dor e Terapia Intensiva, onde funcionam o HOTLINE (serviço brasileiro de orientação para o tratamento das crises suspeitas de HM, via contato telefônico em regime de plantão 24 horas por dia) e o CEDHIMA (Centro deEstudo, Diagnóstico e Investigação de Hipertermia Maligna, que realiza o Teste de Contratura Muscular in vitro). O CEDHIMA é referência da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo para a HM, além de membro acreditado do Grupo Europeu de Hipertermia Maligna. O atendimento à HM ao longo de mais de 20 anos de atividade nos tem mostrado que essa doença acomete nosso país na mesma extensão, ou talvez até mais, que outros países do mundo onde é possível investigar a HM. Entretanto, as dimensões continentais do Brasil nos impõem, a nós como médicos anestesiologistas, o desafio de combater o subdiagnóstico e a subnotificação dessa doença conhecida como o pesadelo dos anestesiologistas, mas igualmente um pesadelo para as famílias acometidas. Que a publicação desses anais do curso anual do Hotline de HM do nosso serviço, esse ano com a participação dos membros do Grupo Europeu de HM, possa servir como um impulso à divulgação da importância de conhecer e controlar a HM no Brasil.
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Veress, L., F. Horek, and T. Komlosi. "Breeding possibilities of Booroola Merino in East-Europe." Agricultural and Food Science 60, no. 6 (October 1, 1988): 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72317.
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Booroola Merino (BM)rams and ewes were imported from New Zealand to Hungary and Czechoslovakia in the 1980’s. Part of the imported animals were proved to be homozygous for the F gene. Frozen semen of these has been used for spreading this gene to Hungarian (HM) and Czechish (CM) Merinos. The crossbred lambs were 4—7 % lighter at birth and at 30 d.,6—24 % lighter at 100 d. and 5—10 % lighter at 1-yr than HM. The 1-yr weight was 10—22 % lighter than that of CM. Greasy fleece weights were 5—10 % higher, staple lengths 7—11 % longer than in HM or CM, while fibres were finer. The litter size of BM x HM ewes at 1 st lambing was 1.42, at 2nd 1.52 and at 3rd 1.69, while the last figure for HM ewes was 1.15. The % of twins born to the BM x HM ewes was ca. 35 %, when HM ewes had 12%. The corresponding figures for triplets were 9 and 0.2 %. The BM x HM crosses had shorter anestrus periods after lambing than HM ewes, except after the first lambing. The BM x HM ewes produced 2.4 lambs/yr. in a continuous lambing system, while HM ewes gave 1.9 lambs.
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Gridneva, Zoya, Alethea Rea, Ching Tat Lai, Wan Jun Tie, Sambavi Kugananthan, Ashleigh H. Warden, Sharon L. Perrella, Kevin Murray, and Donna T. Geddes. "Human Milk Macronutrients and Bioactive Molecules and Development of Regional Fat Depots in Western Australian Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation." Life 12, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040493.
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We investigated associations between intakes of human milk (HM) components (macronutrients and biologically active molecules) and regional fat depots development in healthy term infants (n = 20) across the first year of lactation. Infant limb (mid-arm and mid-thigh) lean and fat areas were assessed by ultrasound imaging at 2, 5, 9 and 12 months of age. Concentrations of HM total protein, whey protein, casein, adiponectin, leptin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory IGA, total carbohydrates, lactose, HM oligosaccharides (total HMO, calculated) and infant 24-h milk intake were measured, and infant calculated daily intakes (CDI) of HM components were determined. This pilot study shows higher 24-h milk intake was associated with a larger mid-arm fat area (p = 0.024), higher breastfeeding frequency was associated with larger mid-arm (p = 0.008) and mid-thigh (p < 0.001) fat areas. Lysozyme (p = 0.001) and HMO CDI (p = 0.004) were time-dependently associated with the mid-arm fat area. Intakes of HM components and breastfeeding parameters may modulate infant limb fat depots development during the first year of age and potentially promote favorable developmental programming of infant body composition; however, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Lee, Dylan E., Linda Serrano, Estela Martinez-Escala, Jason B. Kaplan, Barbara Pro, Joan Guitart, William H. Temps, Dennis P. West, and Steven M. Belknap. "Hypomagnesemia and exposure to romidepsin: A Research on Adverse Drug events and Reports (RADAR) project." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e14072-e14072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14072.
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e14072 Background: Romidepsin (R) is indicated for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Hypomagnesemia (HM) is common in these patients and is also listed in the Full Prescribing Information (FPI) for R. Moreover, since cardiac arrhythmias are associated with HM, patients exposed to R may be at higher risk. This study assessed whether HM was causally related to R exposure and to what extent magnesium (M) supplementation was undertaken in those with HM. Methods: We searched a large, U.S. patient data repository to detect all patients (aged 20-94 years) exposed to R (10/2010-01/2017). For these patients, serum M, as well as M supplementation data, was collected. Baseline M was assessed at initial R exposure, and HM was defined as either, a decline in M to < 1.8 mg/dL after R exposure or, in those with baseline M < 1.8 mg/dL, a decline in M by ≥0.1 mg/dL after R exposure. For each patient with HM after R exposure, the validated Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale (NADRPS) was used to determine the probability that HM was caused by R. Results: Of 51 R-exposed CTCL (or other lymphoma) patients, 25 (49.0%) had HM. Of these 25, NADRPS scores yielded: 1 doubtful, 16 possible, 8 probable and 0 definite. Additionally, 24 of 25 patients with HM had documentation for presence or absence of M supplementation: 9 (37.5%) had supplementation with M agents considered to be bioavailable, 12 (50%) received M agents considered to have low bioavailability, and 3 (12.5%) had no M supplementation. Conclusions: In this study population, 25 of 51 (49.0%) patients had HM after R exposure, which appears to nearly double the percentage of patients described in the FPI. Moreover, 8 of 25 (32%) patients with HM had causality attributed to R exposure. In addition, 15 of 24 (63%) patients with HM received M supplementation with agents considered to have low bioavailability or received no M supplementation. These findings support the need for ongoing monitoring of R-exposed patients with low M, as well as the importance of repleting M with agents considered to be adequately bioavailable. Also, given that HM appears to be more frequent in this study population compared to pre-marketing data in the FPI, further studies are warranted.
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Suwaydi, Majed A., Ching Tat Lai, Alethea Rea, Zoya Gridneva, Sharon L. Perrella, Mary E. Wlodek, and Donna T. Geddes. "Circadian Variation in Human Milk Hormones and Macronutrients." Nutrients 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2023): 3729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15173729.
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There is an inadequate understanding of the daily variations in hormones and macronutrients in human milk (HM), and sample collection protocols vary considerably from study to study. To investigate changes in these milk components across 24 h, 22 lactating women collected small milk samples before and after each breastfeed or expression from each breast. Test weighing was used to determine the volume of HM consumed in each feed. The concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, fat, and glucose were measured, and the intakes were calculated. A linear mixed model was fitted to assess within-feed and circadian variation in HM feed volume and concentration, and intakes of several components. The average infant intake of HM was 879 g/24 h. Significantly higher pre-feed concentrations were found for adiponectin and glucose and lower post-feed concentrations were found for insulin and fat. Significant circadian rhythms were displayed for leptin, adiponectin, insulin, glucose (both concentration and intake), fat concentration, and milk volume. These findings demonstrate the necessity for setting up standardised and rigorous sampling procedures that consider both within-feed and circadian variations in HM components to gain a more precise understanding of the impacts of these components on infant health, growth and development.
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Guenther, Sven, Travis C. Mickle, Andrew C. Barrett, Adam Smith, Rene Braeckman, Debra Kelsh, and Bradley Vince. "Pharmacokinetics and Abuse Potential of Asalhydromorphone, a Novel Prodrug of Hydromorphone, After Intranasal Administration in Recreational Drug Users." Pain Medicine 21, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz066.
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Abstract Objectives Hydromorphone (HM) is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist with high susceptibility for abuse. A prodrug of hydromorphone, asalhydromorphone (ASAL-HM), has been designed to deter nonoral forms of abuse associated with hydromorphone. This study evaluated the intranasal (IN) pharmacokinetics and exploratory abuse potential of ASAL-HM compared with HM. Design Single-center, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Setting Clinical research site. Subjects Healthy adult, nondependent recreational opioid users. Methods Subjects (N = 26) were randomized to receive IN administration of 16.1 mg of ASAL-HM and 8.0 mg of HM (molar-equivalent with respect to hydromorphone). Blood samples were taken through 24 hours postdose, and pharmacodynamic end points (Drug Liking, Feeling High, Take Drug Again, Overall Drug Liking) were assessed through eight hours postdose. Nasal irritation and safety were also assessed. Results Relative to IN HM, the rate (Cmax) and extent (area under the curve [AUC0-last, AUC0-inf]) of exposure to hydromorphone following IN ASAL-HM were reduced by ≥50%. Consistent with these findings, scores on “at-the-moment” (i.e., Drug Liking Emax, High Emax) and retrospective (i.e., Take Drug Again, Overall Drug Liking) end points were statistically significantly lower for IN ASAL-HM, with mean/median differences ranging from 11.4 to 25.0 points. ASAL-HM produced greater nasal-related effects, such as nasal burning and facial pain, and a lower incidence of typical opioid-related adverse events such as euphoria, pruritus, and somnolence. Conclusions The novel hydromorphone prodrug ASAL-HM produced marked reductions in hydromorphone exposure and abuse-related effects following IN administration compared with HM. ASAL-HM has desirable molecular features for incorporation into putative abuse-deterrent immediate-release and extended-release hydromorphone products.
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Gandolfi, Stefano A., Nicola Ungaro, Stella Ghirardini, Maria Grazia Tardini, and Paolo Mora. "Comparison of Surgical Outcomes between Canaloplasty and Schlemm’s Canal Scaffold at 24 Months’ Follow-Up." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3410469.
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The results of canaloplasty (CP) and Hydrus Microstent (HM) implantation were retrospectively compared at 24 months’ follow-up in a cohort of subjects referred to our Institution for uncontrolled IOP in primary or secondary (e.g., pseudoexfoliative and pigmentary) open-angle glaucoma. The outcome was labelled as “complete” success, “qualified” success, or “failure” if, two years after surgery, the eyes operated on needed “no” hypotensive medications, “some” hypotensive medications, or further glaucoma surgery to attain the target IOP, respectively. Both CP and HM implant allowed significant IOP reductions, with comparable rate of clinical success and safety profile. A slightly (albeit not significant) better trend for a “complete” clinical success was observed in the CP group.
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Bosemani, Thangamadhan, Vera J. Burton, Ryan J. Felling, Richard Leigh, Christopher Oakley, Andrea Poretti, and Thierry AGM Huisman. "Pediatric hemiplegic migraine: Role of multiple MRI techniques in evaluation of reversible hypoperfusion." Cephalalgia 34, no. 4 (October 18, 2013): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413509432.
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Background Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare type of migraine with aura that involves motor weakness. Data on conventional and advanced neuroimaging findings during prolonged attacks of HM are limited, particularly in children. Case A 13-year-old-female with a history of migraine had a typical attack of HM characterized by right-sided hemiplegia, deterioration of vigilance and paraphasia. MRI performed 3 hours after hemiplegia onset revealed normal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences, but perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) showed a large area of hypoperfusion within the left cerebral hemisphere and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) demonstrated a matching area with prominent, hypointense draining sulcal veins. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed subtle narrowing of the left middle cerebral artery. The neuroimaging abnormalities completely resolved 24 hours after the attack onset. Conclusion Multiple conventional and advanced MRI techniques including SWI play a key role in an HM attack to (1) exclude acute arterial ischemic stroke and (2) further understand the pathophysiology of HM.
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Eussen, Simone R. B. M., Marko Mank, Robert Kottler, Xenia-Katharina Hoffmann, Alexander Behne, Erdmann Rapp, Bernd Stahl, M. Luisa Mearin, and Berthold Koletzko. "Presence and Levels of Galactosyllactoses and Other Oligosaccharides in Human Milk and Their Variation during Lactation and According to Maternal Phenotype." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 2324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072324.
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Among the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the galactosyllactoses (GLs) are only limitedly studied. This study aims to describe the presence and relative levels of HMOS, including GLs, in human milk (HM) according to maternal Secretor and Lewis (SeLe) phenotype and lactation stage. Relative levels of 19 HMOS were measured in 715 HM samples collected in the first 4 months postpartum from 371 donors participating in the PreventCD study. From a subset of 24 Dutch women (171 HM samples), samples were collected monthly up to 12 months postpartum and were additionally analyzed for relative and absolute levels of β6′-GL, β3′-GL and α3′-GL. Maternal SeLe phenotype or HM group was assigned based on the presence of specific fucosylated HMOS. Most HMOS, including β6′- and β3′-GL, were present in the vast majority (≥75%) of HM samples, whereas others (e.g., LNDFH II, 2′-F-LNH and α3′-GL) only occurred in a low number (<25%) of samples. Clear differences were observed between the presence and relative levels of the HMOS according to the maternal phenotype and lactation stage. Absolute concentrations of β6′-GL and β3′-GL were higher in HM group IV samples compared to samples of the other three HM groups. β3′-GL was also higher in HM group II samples compared to HM group I samples. β3′-GL and β6′-GL were stable over lactation stages. In conclusion, presence and levels of HMOS vary according to HM group and lactation stage. Not all HMOS behave similarly: some HMOS depend strongly on maternal phenotype and/or lactation stage, whereas others do not. β3′-GL and β6′-GL were present in low concentrations in over 75% of the analyzed HM samples and showed differences between HM groups, but not between the lactation stages.
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George, Alexandra D., Melvin C. L. Gay, Mary E. Wlodek, Kevin Murray, and Donna T. Geddes. "The Fatty Acid Species and Quantity Consumed by the Breastfed Infant Are Important for Growth and Development." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 22, 2021): 4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114183.
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The fatty acids (FAs) of human milk (HM) are the building blocks of the HM lipidome, contributing to infant health and development; however, this has not been comprehensively characterised with respect to infant intake. Eighteen Western Australian mother–infant dyads provided monthly longitudinal HM samples during six months of exclusive breastfeeding. Monthly anthropometric measurements, health data and basic maternal food frequency data were also collected. At three months, infant 24 h milk intake and total lipid intake were measured. The FA profile was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Linear regression and Pearson’s correlation were used to identify associations between HM FA composition, HM FA intake, maternal characteristics and infant growth and developmental outcomes. Mean infant intake of total lipids was 29.7 ± 9.4 g/day. HM FA composition exhibited wide variation between dyads and throughout lactation. Infant intake of a number of FAs, including C15:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:3, was positively related to infant growth (all p < 0.001). There were no relationships detected between C22:5 and C20:5 and infant head circumference. Infant total lipid intake and the infant intake of many FAs play essential roles in infant growth and development. This study highlights the important relationships of many HM FAs not previously described, including C15:0 and C18:2 species. Infant outcomes should be considered in the context of intake in future HM studies.
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Binder, Christoph, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Liliana-Imi Gard, Angelika Berger, and Alexandra Thajer. "Maternal Diet Influences Human Milk Protein Concentration and Adipose Tissue Marker." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020433.
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(1) Background: Adequate protein intake plays an essential role in growth and neurodevelopment, especially in preterm infants. We investigated the effects of maternal diet and body mass index (BMI) on human milk (HM) composition. (2) Methods: HM samples were obtained from 136 lactating mothers (BMI: 18.0–36.7 kg/m2), of which 93% gave birth to preterm infants. Macronutrient content in HM was measured by mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy. Leptin and adiponectin were analyzed using appropriate ELISAs. Maternal diet was determined by 24-h recall. (3) Results: Significant positive associations were found between protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy intake, and levels of corresponding macronutrients in HM, especially in protein concentrations (p < 0.001). An increased protein intake was positively correlated with adiponectin (p < 0.001) and leptin (p = 0.035) in HM. Maternal BMI was positively associated with a higher protein level in HM (p < 0.05), as well as with a higher dietary protein intake (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Knowledge of maternal diet and BMI impacting HM composition is essential to optimize the feeding of newborn infants. This is especially relevant in the nutritional management of preterm infants; it can be utilized in approaches to improve growth rates and the appropriate development of infants and to prevent obesity.
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Ospina, Angela Jaramillo, Rosario Toro, Teresa Murguia-Peniche, Jennifer Wampler, Steven Wu, Carol Lynn Berseth, and Ricardo Uauy. "Growth Through 24 Months of Age in Infants Receiving Formulas with or Without Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) or Human Milk Through the First Year of Life: An RCT." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_086.
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Abstract Objectives To evaluate growth through 24 months of age in infants receiving added bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in infant formula through 12 months of age. Concentration of MFGM from bovine milk fractions and incorporation in infant formula may better approximate the composition of complex milk lipids in human milk. Methods In the double-blind, randomized, controlled Chilean Infant Nutrition Trial (ChiNuT; NCT0262613), term infants whose mothers chose to initiate exclusive infant formula feeding before 4 months of age were randomized to receive: a standard cow's milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; source of bovine MFGM) (bMFGM, n = 176). A reference group of infants exclusively receiving human milk (HM, n = 236) was also recruited. Growth through 24 months of age was the primary outcome. Length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age (BAZ) growth z-scores were analyzed by mixed-effects multiple linear regression models adjusted by sex, age (days), and maternal pregestational BMI (kg/m2). Results No significant group differences in sex, gestational age at birth, birthweight, maternal age and maternal education were detected, with the exception of maternal pregestational BMI (mean(SD)) (HM: 27.0(5.2) lower vs SF: 28.6(6.2) or bMFGM: 28.9(6.1); P = 0.002). Groups were similar at baseline (weight, length, WAZ, BAZ) with the exception of LAZ (lower in the bMFGM compared to HM group; P < 0.05). No significant differences in growth z-scores (absolute at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of age or change between baseline and each study time point) were detected between SF and MFGM groups. Both randomized study formula groups were associated with higher growth z-score increases from baseline compared to the HM reference group between 6 and 24 months (P less than 0.05). Mean growth z-scores fell within the range of −1 to 1 (16th to 84th percentile) for SF, bMFGM, and HM groups at all study time points. Conclusions Added bovine MFGM in a routine cow's milk-based infant formula through 12 months of age supported normal growth through 24 months of age. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). Teresa Murguia-Peniche, Steven Wu, and Jennifer Wampler are currently employed by MJN. Carol Lynn Berseth was previously employed by MJN.
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Carnielli, Virgilio P., Ingrid H. T. Luijendijk, Johannes B. Van Goudoever, Eric J. Sulkers, Anneke A. Boerlage, Herman J. Degenhart, and Pieter J. J. Sauer. "Structural Position and Amount of Palmitic Acid in Infant Formulas: Effects on Fat, Fatty Acid, and Mineral Balance." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 23, no. 5 (December 1996): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1996.tb00341.x.
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SummaryThe structure of the triglycerides (TG) in human milk (HM) differs from those of vegetable oils used in infant formulas. In HM, palmitic acid is predominantly esterified to the center or β‐position of the TG, in vegetable oil, it is mainly at the external or α‐positions. These differences in configuration affect intestinal fat absorption. Fat and mineral balances were investigated in three groups of 9 healthy term infants aged 5 weeks. Infants were randomly assigned to receive one of the three study formulas from birth: (a) formula beta, resembling the structure of HM fat most closely (24% palmitic acid, 66% esterified to β‐position), (b) formula intermediate (24% palmitic acid, 39% esterified to the β‐position), and (c) regular formula (20% palmitic acid; 13% esterified to the β‐position). Fat absorption was highest in infants fed the beta formula (97.6 ± 0.9%), intermediate in those fed with the intermediate formula (93.0 ± 1.8%), and lowest in infants receiving the regular formula (90.4 ± 4.6%). Fecal calcium excretion was significantly lower in the beta group than in the other two groups (43.3 ± 18.1 vs. 59.9 ± 15.1 vs. 68.4 ± 22.3 mg · kg‐1 · day‐1 for beta, intermediate, and regular respectively). Dietary TG containing palmitic acid predominantly at the β‐position, as in HM, have significant beneficial effects on the intestinal absorption of fat and calcium in healthy term infants.
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Lin, Yung-Chieh, Yen-Ju Chen, Chao-Ching Huang, and Chi-Chang Shieh. "Concentrated Preterm Formula as a Liquid Human Milk Fortifier at Initiation Stage in Extremely Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Short Term and 2-year Follow-up Outcomes." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 2229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082229.
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Human milk (HM) must be accurately fortified for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) preterm infants with human milk fortifiers (HMFs). Powdered HMF has some limitations in terms of sterilization and accuracy. A concentrated preterm formula (CPF) may serve as a safe liquid HMF to facilitate growth. Hence, we launched a quality improvement project for fortification accuracy of minute volume HM. A CPF, Similac Special Care 30 (SSC30), was newly introduced as an HMF when daily feeding reached 100 cm3/kg. CPF + HM (1:2 volume ratio), CPF + HM (1:1 volume ratio), and powdered HMF + HM (1 packet in 25 cm3) represented three fortification stages. Fortification shifted to powdered HMF while tolerable feeding reached 25 cm3/meal. The outcome was compared before (Period-I, January 2015 to June 2016, n = 37) and after the new implement (Period-II, July 2016 to December 2017, n = 36). Compared with the Period-I group, the Period-II group had significantly higher daily enteral milk intake in the first 4 weeks of life, and higher percentages of fortification in the HM-fed infants in the first 8 weeks after birth. The Period-II group also significantly increased in body weight growth in terms of z-score at term equivalent age (p = 0.04) and had better language and motor performance at 24 months old (p = 0.048 and p = 0.032, respectively). Using the liquid CPF as a strategical alternative fortification of HM might be beneficial for extremely preterm infants in terms of growth as well as neurodevelopment.
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Planche, Vincent, Olivier Chassin, Louise Leduc, Wendy Regnier, Antony Kelly, and Renato Colamarino. "Sturge-Weber syndrome with late onset hemiplegic migraine-like attacks and progressive unilateral cerebral atrophy." Cephalalgia 34, no. 1 (September 17, 2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102413505237.
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Background Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is an uncommon etiology of hemiplegic migraine-like (HM-like) attacks, associated with epilepsy and mental retardation. Case We report the case of a 40-year-old woman with SWS who has been suffering from HM-like episodes since she was 24, with no history of seizure or mental retardation. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI)-MRI and CT scans have shown bilateral calcifications of the choroidal plexuses, a developmental venous anomaly with dilated transmedullary veins and a left parieto-occipital leptomeningeal angioma. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT revealed a diffuse left-hemisphere hypometabolism. The comparison between the MRI performed at the age of 24 and the one performed at the age of 40 highlighted a progressive unilateral fronto-temporo-parietal atrophy. Surprisingly, even now, cognitive functions of this patient are relatively preserved. Lamotrigine permitted an improvement of HM-like attacks. Discussion Explanations for this minimally symptomatic form of SWS may be the absence of seizure, the importance of her deep venous drainage, the absence of cortical calcification and white matter impairment in the affected hemisphere, and, paradoxically, the severely asymmetric cortical metabolism. Furthermore, this case reinforces the hypothesis that alteration of cerebral hemodynamics could precipitate the cortical spreading depression giving rise to migraine with aura. Conclusion We propose to consider SWS as a cause of apparently isolated hemiplegic migraine and lamotrigine as a preventive medication in HM-like attacks.
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Varella, Leticia, Rangaswamy Chintapatla, Peter H. Wiernik, Valerie Rusciano, and Janice P. Dutcher. "Association of renal cell carcinoma and hematologic malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.449.
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449 Background: An increased incidence of both RCC and HM occurring in the same patients has been reported. Also, a relationship between adenocarcinoma and HM has been previously suggested. Moreover, detailed family history in our patients with RCC suggested an increased incidence of HM in their family members. The purpose of this study is to characterize the HM in relatives of patients with RCC. Methods: Data from 700 patients with RCC seen by us from 2004 to the present were retrospectively evaluated through chart review. The patient, family history and pathology characteristics were collected to determine the frequency of HM in first and second-degree relatives of patients with RCC. Pedigrees were then constructed and subtypes of HM were characterized. Results: A family history of HM was observed in 74 relatives involving 59 families. Of these, 50/74 cases of HM were in first-degree relatives and 19/74 were in second-degree relatives. The most common HMs were lymphoma and leukemia: 24 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 8 Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 8 lymphoma not further specified (NOS), 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 1 chronic myeloid leukemia, 1 acute myeloid leukemia, 5 acute leukemia NOS and 4 leukemia NOS. Other HM observed were multiple myeloma in 2 patients, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myelofibrosis. Additionally, 2 relatives had blood cancers that were NOS. Of the 59 patients with RCC, 40 had clear cell histology, 4 papillary, 3 chromophobe, 1 sarcomatoid, 1 transitional and in 10, RCC histology was not recorded. Conclusions: HM is observed in patients with RCC with increased frequency compared with the SEER database. We now observed an increased frequency of HM in relatives of patients with RCC. The majority of HMs observed were B-cell malignancies, as we previously reported for HMs that occur in patients with breast cancer or RCC. The etiology of this association remains unclear, but suggests a common etiopathogenesis for RCC and B-cell tumors. Genetic mutations, hereditary immunological defects, and environmental factors may be involved. A larger study with statistical evaluation for confirmation is required. We plan to collect serum and tissue samples from patients and relatives for future molecular studies.
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Gridneva, Zoya, Alethea Rea, Ching Tat Lai, Wan Jun Tie, Sambavi Kugananthan, Kevin Murray, Peter E. Hartmann, and Donna T. Geddes. "Development of Visceral and Subcutaneous-Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Breastfed Infants during First Year of Lactation." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093294.
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This study aimed to investigate relationships between infant abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adiposity and human milk (HM) components and maternal body composition (BC) during first year of lactation. Subcutaneous-abdominal depth (SAD), subcutaneous-abdominal fat area (SFA), visceral depth (VD) and preperitoneal fat area of 20 breastfed infants were assessed at 2, 5, 9 and 12 months using ultrasound. Maternal BC was determined with bioimpedance spectroscopy. HM macronutrients and bioactive components concentrations and infant 24-h milk intake were measured and calculated daily intakes (CDI) determined. Maternal adiposity associated with infant SFA (negatively at 2, 5, 12, positively at 9 months, all overall p < 0.05). 24-h milk intake positively associated with infant SAD (p = 0.007) and VD (p = 0.013). CDI of total protein (p = 0.013), total carbohydrates (p = 0.004) and lactose (p = 0.013) positively associated with SFA. Lactoferrin concentration associated with infant VD (negatively at 2, 12, positively at 5, 9 months, overall p = 0.003). CDI of HM components and maternal adiposity have differential effects on development of infant visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adiposity. Maintaining healthy maternal BC and continuing breastfeeding to 12 months and beyond may facilitate favourable BC development reducing risk of obesity.
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Leghi, Gabriela E., Philippa F. Middleton, Merryn J. Netting, Mary E. Wlodek, Donna T. Geddes, and Beverly S. Muhlhausler. "A Systematic Review of Collection and Analysis of Human Milk for Macronutrient Composition." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (April 2, 2020): 1652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa059.
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ABSTRACT Background As human milk (HM) composition varies by time and across even a single feed, methods of sample collection can significantly affect the results of compositional analyses and complicate comparisons between studies. Objective The aim was to compare the results obtained for HM macronutrient composition between studies utilizing different sampling methodologies. The results will be used as a basis to identify the most reliable HM sampling approach. Methods EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Observational and interventional studies were included, and at least 2 authors screened studies and undertook data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and previously published pragmatic score. Results A total of 5301 publications were identified from our search, of which 101 studies were included (n = 5049 breastfeeding women). Methods used for HM collection were divided into 3 categories: collection of milk from all feeds over 24 h (32 studies, n = 1309 participants), collection at one time point (62 studies, n = 3432 participants), and “other methods” (7 studies, n = 308 participants). Fat and protein concentrations varied between collection methods within lactation stage, but there were no obvious differences in lactose concentrations. There was substantial variability between studies in other factors potentially impacting HM composition, including stage of lactation, gestational age, and analytical method, which complicated direct comparison of methods. Conclusions This review describes the first systematic evaluation of sampling methodologies used in studies reporting HM composition and highlights the wide range of collection methods applied in the field. This information provides an important basis for developing recommendations for best practices for HM collection for compositional analysis, which will ultimately allow combination of information from different studies and thus strengthen the body of evidence relating to contemporary HM composition. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42017072563, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017072563
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Gaitán, Adriana, JodiAnne Wood, Fan Zhang, Alexandros Makriyannis, and Carol Lammi-Keefe. "Endocannabinoid Metabolome Characterization of Transitional and Mature Human Milk." Nutrients 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091294.
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Recognized as the gold standard, human milk (HM) is an extremely complex yet fascinating biofluid tailored to meet an infant’s nutritional requirements throughout development. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds (endocannabinoid metabolome, ECM) are endogenous lipid mediators derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that have been identified in HM. Previous research has shown that arachidonoylglycerol might play a role in establishing the infant’s suckling response during lactation by activating the type 1 cannabinoid receptor in the infant’s brain. The mechanisms of action and the role of the ECM in HM are not fully understood. Transitional and mature milk samples were collected from lactating women (n = 24) for ECM characterization, quantification, and to evaluate differences among the two stages. HM samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identified members of the ECM were: arachidonoylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamine, docosahexaenoylethanolamine, eicoapentaenoylethanolamine, eicosenoylethanolamine, arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoyglycerol, oleoylglycerol, docosahexaenoylglycerol, eicosapentaenoylglycerol, eiconenooylglycerol, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Only docosahexaenoylglycerol was different across transitional and mature milk (p ≤ 0.05). Data from this cohort suggest that bioactive constituents in HM may also play a role in infant health and development. Future studies can be developed based on this study’s data to help elucidate specific roles for each ECM member in addition to understanding how the ECM modulates infant health.
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Pizzolato, G., M. Dam, N. Borsato, B. Saitta, C. Da Col, N. Perlotto, P. Zanco, G. Ferlin, and L. Battistin. "[99mTc]-HM-PAO SPECT in Parkinson's Disease." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 1_suppl (December 1988): S101—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.39.
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Thirty-six patients affected by Parkinson's disease were studied using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and [99mTc]–HM-PAO as a tracer. The scanning procedure was performed 16–24 h after discontinuation of specific therapy. Tracer activity ratios were determined in 10 pairs of cerebellar, cortical, and subcortical regions. Data were compared with those of 10 age-matched controls. Most of the regions examined did not show any relevant change between parkinsonian and control subjects. Notably, mean activity in striatal regions were similar in the two groups. Increased activity in caudate–putamen was found in patients who were on chronic DOPA therapy. Side-to-side asymmetries in the basal ganglia increased with the severity of the disease. Significant reductions of tracer uptake, from control values, were observed bilaterally in the parietal cortex. These deficits were more pronounced in patients with mental deterioration and in subjects who had been chronically treated with anticholinergic drugs. Parietal perfusion deficits in parkinsonian patients resemble those described in Alzheimer's dementia. These findings suggest that the heterogeneous alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in parkinsonian patients reflect the multifactorial pathophysiology of the disease.
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Borges Primo, Mariusa Gomes, Luana Cássia Miranda Ribeiro, Lany Franciely Da Silva Figueiredo, Suely Cunha Albernaz Sirico, and Marta Antunes De Souza. "Adesão à prática de higienização das mãos por profissionais de saúde de um Hospital Universitário." Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem 12, no. 2 (July 5, 2010): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ree.v12i2.7656.
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A higienização das mãos (HM) é a medida mais simples e efetiva e de menor custo no controle das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a adesão dos profissionais da área de saúde quanto à prática de higienização das mãos. Pesquisa descritiva do tipo quantitativa realizada por meio de um banco de dados do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar de um hospital escola da região Centro-oeste. A análise foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS versão 16.0. Foram analisadas 1316 oportunidades de HM, dessas 951 (72,3%) não ocorreram à adesão a essa prática. Em relação às situações que não ocorreram à adesão, destaca-se antes da realização de procedimento não invasivo com o paciente com 24%. A adesão à HM, segundo as normas regulamentadas pelos órgãos competentes, não se apresenta incorporada à prática diária dos profissionais de saúde dessa instituição e, desta forma, ações educativas com vistas a orientar e motivar esses profissionais à prática correta e frequente de HM devem ser discutidas e implementadas. Descritores: Lavagem de mãos; Infecção hospitalar; Pessoal de saúde.
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Zlatanović, Ivana, Miroslava Stanković, Jovana Ickovski, Ivana Dimitrijević, and Gordana Stojanović. "Comprehensive Analysis of the Herbal Mixture Made of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Berries, Inner Bark of Betula pendula Roth., and Grains of Avena sativa L." Natural Product Communications 17, no. 6 (June 2022): 1934578X2211056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x221105689.
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This is the first report of the high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile of a herbal mixture (HM) made of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (redberry juniper) berries, inner bark of Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), and grains of Avena sativa L. (oat), and its effect on the No. of micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes and toxicity toward Artemia salina. Constituents represented by over 1000 µg per g of methanol dry extract were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and amentoflavone. The methanol extract of the HM at a concentration of 2.0 μg/mL decreased MN frequency by 38.3%, which was more than 3 times greater than that of the radioprotectant amifostine. The essential oil isolated from the HM was composed mainly of β-myrcene (32%) and showed weaker toxicity toward Artemia salina than the positive control after both incubation periods (24 h and 48 h). These findings suggest that the examined HM, beside its ethnopharmacological relevance on the elimination of renal calculi, also significantly reduces the No. of MN in human lymphocytes.
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Zlatanović, Ivana, Miroslava Stanković, Jovana Ickovski, Ivana Dimitrijević, and Gordana Stojanović. "Comprehensive Analysis of the Herbal Mixture Made of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Berries, Inner Bark of Betula pendula Roth., and Grains of Avena sativa L." Natural Product Communications 17, no. 6 (June 2022): 1934578X2211056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x221105689.
Full textAbstract:
This is the first report of the high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry profile of a herbal mixture (HM) made of Juniperus oxycedrus L. (redberry juniper) berries, inner bark of Betula pendula Roth. (silver birch), and grains of Avena sativa L. (oat), and its effect on the No. of micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes and toxicity toward Artemia salina. Constituents represented by over 1000 µg per g of methanol dry extract were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, and amentoflavone. The methanol extract of the HM at a concentration of 2.0 μg/mL decreased MN frequency by 38.3%, which was more than 3 times greater than that of the radioprotectant amifostine. The essential oil isolated from the HM was composed mainly of β-myrcene (32%) and showed weaker toxicity toward Artemia salina than the positive control after both incubation periods (24 h and 48 h). These findings suggest that the examined HM, beside its ethnopharmacological relevance on the elimination of renal calculi, also significantly reduces the No. of MN in human lymphocytes.
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Kim, Sang-Ho, and Jung-Hwa Lim. "Traditional East Asian Herbal Medicine for Post-Stroke Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031754.
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Post-stroke insomnia (PSI) is a highly prevalent complication after stroke. Current evidence of psychotropic drug use for PSI management is scarce and indicates harmful adverse events (AEs). Traditional East Asian herbal medicine is a widely used traditional remedy for insomnia. However, so far, no study has systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of traditional east asian herbal medicine (HM) for PSI. Therefore, we perform meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HM for PSI. After a comprehensive electronic search of 15 databases, we review the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of HM use as monotherapy for PSI. Our outcomes were the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and total effective rate. In total, 24 RCTs were conducted with 1942 participants. HM showed statistically significant benefits in sleep quality. It also appeared to be safer than psychotropic drugs in terms of AEs, except when the treatment period was two weeks. The methods used for RCTs were poor, and the quality of evidence assessed was graded “low” or “moderate.” The findings of this review indicate that the use of HM as a monotherapy may have potential benefits in PSI treatment when administered as an alternative to conventional medications. However, considering the methodological quality of the included RCTs, we were uncertain of the clinical evidence. Further, well-designed RCTs are required to confirm these findings.
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Frigy, Attila, Annamária Magdás, Victor-Dan Moga, Ioana Georgiana Coteț, Miklós Kozlovszky, and László Szilágyi. "Increase of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Induced by Blood Pressure Measurements during Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5235319.
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Objective.The possible effect of blood pressure measurements per se on heart rate variability (HRV) was studied in the setting of concomitant ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and Holter ECG monitoring (HM).Methods.In 25 hypertensive patients (14 women and 11 men, mean age: 58.1 years), 24-hour combined ABPM and HM were performed. For every blood pressure measurement, 2-minute ECG segments (before, during, and after measurement) were analyzed to obtain time domain parameters of HRV: SDNN and rMSSD. Mean of normal RR intervals (MNN), SDNN/MNN, and rMSSD/MNN were calculated, too. Parameter variations related to blood pressure measurements were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons.Results.2281 measurements (1518 during the day and 763 during the night) were included in the analysis. Both SDNN and SDNN/MNN had a constant (the same for 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime values) and significant change related to blood pressure measurements: an increase during measurements and a decrease after them (p<0.01for any variation).Conclusion.In the setting of combined ABPM and HM, the blood pressure measurement itself produces an increase in short-term heart rate variability. Clarifying the physiological basis and the possible clinical value of this phenomenon needs further studies.
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Bottin, Jeanne H., Simone R. B. M. Eussen, Aisosa J. Igbinijesu, Marko Mank, Jean-Christophe Junior Koyembi, Yawo Tufa Nyasenu, Gilles Ngaya, et al. "Food Insecurity and Maternal Diet Influence Human Milk Composition between the Infant’s Birth and 6 Months after Birth in Central-Africa." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194015.
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Although the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, evidence is scarce on how the mother’s undernourishment status at delivery and maternal dietary factors influence human milk (HM) composition during the first 6 months of life in regions with high food insecurity. The maternal undernourishment status at delivery, maternal diet, and HM nutrients were assessed among 46 women and their 48 vaginally born infants in Bangui at 1, 4, 11, 18, and 25 weeks after birth through 24-h recalls and food consumption questionnaires from December 2017 to June 2019 in the context of the "Mother-to-Infant TransmIssion of microbiota in Central-Africa" (MITICA) study. High food insecurity indexes during the follow-up were significantly associated with them having lower levels of many of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that were measured and with lower levels of retinol (aß-coef = −0.2, p value = 0.04), fatty acids (aß-coef = −7.2, p value = 0.03), and amino acids (aß-coef = −2121.0, p value < 0.001). On the contrary, women from food-insecure households displayed significantly higher levels of lactose in their HM (aß-coef = 3.3, p value = 0.02). In parallel, the consumption of meat, poultry, and fish was associated with higher HM levels of many of the HMOs that were measured, total amino acids (aß-coef = 5484.4, p value < 0.001), and with lower HM levels of lactose (aß-coef = −15.6, p value = 0.01). Food insecurity and maternal diet had a meaningful effect on HM composition with a possible impact being an infant undernourishment risk. Our results plead for consistent actions on food security as an effective manner to influence the nutritional content of HM and thereby, potentially improve infant survival and healthy growth.
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Li, Xuejing, Penprapa Siviroj, Jetsada Ruangsuriya, Chotiros Phanpong, Wachiranun Sirikul, and Krongporn Ongprasert. "Comparison of Effects of Storage at Different Temperatures in a Refrigerator, Upright Freezer on Top of Refrigerator, and Deep Freezer on the Immunoglobulin A Concentration and Lysozyme Activity of Human Milk." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013203.
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of storing expressed human milk (HM) at different domestic storage temperatures on the secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration and lysozyme activity. Forty mothers of full-term infants aged one to six months provided milk samples. The fresh samples were examined within 24 h of expression, and the other samples were stored in a refrigerator for four days or in two types of freezers for six months. The SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity in the milk samples were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and fluorometric lysozyme activity assay kits, respectively. The pairwise comparisons of the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity were carried out using one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 or Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni correction, depending on the data distribution. The mean temperatures of the refrigerator, upright freezer on top of the refrigerator, and deep freezer (chest freezer) were 2.0, −16.7, and −22.3 °C, respectively. Our study results highlight that the SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity of HM stored in the refrigerator for four days and in freezers for six months were significantly lower than those of fresh HM (p < 0.001). During the first six months of storage in both types of freezers, the SIgA levels were stable, whereas the lysozyme activity significantly decreased (p < 0.001). HM stored in the deep freezer had a higher SIgA concentration and lysozyme activity than HM stored in the upright freezer on top of the refrigerator. Our data support the superiority of fresh human milk over stored HM. If HM is to be stored, then storage in a deep freezer is potentially a more effective method for the preservation of SIgA concentrations and lysozyme activity than storage by refrigeration for four days or in an upright freezer on top of a refrigerator for six months.
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Dobrokhotova, Iuliia E., Sergey E. Arakelov, Sonia Z. Danielyan, Ekaterina I. Borovkova, Sofia A. Zalesskaia, Margenat K. Medzhidova, and Elena A. Nagaytseva. "Hydatidiform mole: a clinical case of pregnancy." Gynecology 21, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20795696.2019.2.190347.
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Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a disease of trophoblast tissue with saved proliferative potential and it develops after aberrant fertilization. Complete HM is characterized by a rapid increase in a size of the uterus, a significant increase in human b-chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), bleeding, symptoms of hyperthyroidism, severe vomiting of pregnant, and early preeclampsia. Thecalutein cysts are formed in the ovaries as a result of exposure to high titers of hCG and prolactin. Multiple pregnancy may be complicated by the development of complete and partial HM in one of the fetuses in one case for 20 000-100 000 pregnancies. The article presents a clinical case of pregnancy care of a 32-year-old woman with dichorial biamniotic twins and a complete HM of one fetus. Pregnancy occurred spontaneously, proceeded with threatening miscarriage up to 12 weeks, threatened preterm labor, pre-eclampsia from 24 weeks. The patient underwent induction of labor at 28 weeks due to severe pre-eclampsia, a live premature girl with a weight of 1030 g weight, height of 33 cm tall and Apgar score of 6/7 points was born. On the 40th day after birth, b-hCG level was negative.
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Jaramillo-Ospina, Angela, Rosario Toro-Campos, Teresa Murguia-Peniche, Jennifer Wampler, Steven Wu, Carol Lynn Berseth, and Ricardo Uauy. "Micronutrient and Glucose-Related Biomarkers Until 24 Mo of Age in Infants Receiving Formula With Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Through the First Year of Life: An RCT." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab046_059.
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Abstract Objectives Bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) added in routine infant formula supports normal growth and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants. The impact on micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers is assessed here. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, formula-fed infants were enrolled (<120 days of age) and randomized to receive a standard cow´s milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; bMFGM; EF n = 173); exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled as a reference (HM, n = 235). In 50% of infants (chosen at random), parents agreed to blood collection (2–4 h fasting) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Serum micronutrients (zinc, iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR [Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance], IGF-1) were analyzed. Results At baseline, significant differences in markers of iron status (serum iron, ferritin) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, HOMA-IR, and IGF-1) were detected between HM and study formula groups. At 6 and 12 mo, no differences in any measure were detected between study formula groups. Serum iron and ferritin at 12 mo as well as glucose-related biomarkers at 6 mo (insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-1) and 12 mo (IGF-1 only) were lower in the HM vs study formula groups. By 24 mo, micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar between study formula groups (with the exception of significantly lower serum iron in the SF group); for HM vs study formula groups, differences included significantly lower zinc and IGF-1. Conclusions Patterns of micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar through two years of age in infants who received formula through one year. This study add to the body of data available for glucose-related biomarkers in children at two years of age and younger. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). TMP, SSW, and JLW are currently, and CLB was previously employed by MJN.
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Korin, Jorge D., Norma E. Tartas, Hugo Ferro, Lucia M. Barazzutti, Lucia C. Kordich, Pablo Porterie, and Julio Cesar Sanchez Avalos. "Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Hematologic Malignancies(HM)." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4108.4108.
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Abstract In our series of consecutive patients (p) with objectively diagnosed VTE, cancer constitutes the most frequent ethiology (25%) followed by idiopathic (24%), clinical causes (22%), orthopedics and trauma (16%), general surgery (7%), obstetric entities (3%) and others (3%). Among the neoplastic subtypes, HM are the most prevalent ones followed by prostatic, colonic, lung and CNS cancers. A recent publication (Blom et al, JAMA2005; 293:715) shows this previously undisclosed high tendency of HM for provoking VTE. Our current study describes the experience with this association from 1996 to 2005, excluding central vein catheter thrombosis. Out of 531 p with VTE, 138 have cancer and 34 of them, HM, with the following distribution: plasma cells discrasias (PCD) 9 (4 on treatment with thalidomide), diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) 8, indolent lymphomas (IL) 6, CLL 5, mantle cell lymphoma 1, Burkitt lymphoma 1, RAEB 1, AML 1, myelofibrosis 1, P vera 1. In 25/34 p, the HM was previously known at diagnosis of VTE and mostly active or on treatment. In the other 9 p, the clinical presentation was as an idiopathic VTE, and during follow-up the following HM were disclosed: PCD: 3, CLL: 2, DLCL: 1, IL: 1, myelofibrosis: 1, RAEB: 1. Table 1 Comments: PCD and DLCL constitute the two HM more frequently associated with VTE. However, the contribution of less agressive neoplasms such as indolent lymphomas and CLL is not negligible As in solid tumors, recurrences are high, specially when anticoagulated patients are off-therapy In spite of more chemotherapy related-thrombocytopenia and bone marrow involvement, bleeding rates do not differ of those observed in solid tumors Given the frequent association with VTE, and the probable heterogeneity in the thrombophilic potency of these different entities collectively grouped as HM, prospective multicentric studies are clearly needed to identify groups of patients with HM suitable for primary prophylaxis of VTE. Such studies should also be designed to provide further clue about the use of LMWH instead of oral anticoagulants for secondary prophylaxis in HM. Table 1. Main clinical findings in patients able to be evaluated during follow-up Events Hematologic Malignancies Solid Neoplasms Recurrences 6/28 (21.4%) 5 off anticoagulation 15/106 (14.1%) 7 off anticoagulation (p=ns) Major bleeding 2/28 (7.1%) 10/106 (9.4%) (p=ns)
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Henau, Kris, Tim Tambuyzer, Bart Van Gool, Liesbet Van Eycken, and Hélène A. Poirel. "Epidemiological Trends of Haematological Malignancies in Belgium 2004–2018: Older Patients Show the Greatest Improvement in Survival." Cancers 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2023): 4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15174388.
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(1) Background: Haematological malignancies (HMs) represent a heterogeneous group of mostly rare cancers that differ in pathophysiology, incidence, and outcome. (2) Methods: Our study aims to understand the epidemiological situation and trends of 24 main types of HMs in Belgium over a 15-year period, with a focus on the impact of age. Age-standardised incidence, average annual percentage change (AAPC), 5- and 10-year relative survival (RS) and RS trends were estimated for all HMs (N = 94,415) diagnosed between 2004 and 2018. (3) Results: Incidence rates of HM increased, mainly in the 70+ age group (AAPC: 3%). RS varied by age and HM type. For each HM type, outcome decreased with age. The greatest decrease with age in 5-year RS is observed for aggressive HM, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and Burkitt lymphoma, from 67%, 90%, and 97% below 20 years, to 2%, 12%, and 16% above 80 years of age, respectively. The moderate improvement in 5-year RS over the 2004–2018 period for all HMs, of +5 percentage point (pp), masks highly heterogenous outcomes by HM type and age group. The most impressive improvements are observed in the 80+ group: +45, +33, +28, and +16 pp for Hodgkin lymphoma, immunoproliferative disorders, follicular lymphoma, and chronic myeloid leukaemia, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The increasing incidence and survival over the 2004–2018 period are likely explained by diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, which have spread to populations not targeted by clinical trials, especially older adults. This real-world population-based study highlights entities that need significant improvement, such as AML.
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Chintapatla, Rangaswamy, Leticia Varella, Peter Wiernik, Valerie Rusciano, and Janice P. Dutcher. "Association of Renal Cell Carcinoma and B-Cell Hematological Malignancy." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 5086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5086.5086.
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Abstract Abstract 5086 Purpose of the study: We observed an increased frequency of hematologic malignancy (HM) in patients and family members of patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) and sought to characterize the association further in terms of frequency and characteristics of HM, and the importance of such an association. Methods: We performed a chart review of our data base of approximately 700 RCC patients seen by us from 2004 to the present in an effort to determine the frequency of HM in patients and in the families of patients diagnosed with RCC. Results: Of the 700 charts reviewed, both HM and RCC occurred in 19 individuals. [11 males and 8 females]. HM diagnosis included acute myeloid leukemia in 1 patient, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in 4 pts, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 7 pts, (3 small cell and 4 large B-cell lymphoma), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2 pts and hairy cell leukemia (HCL), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) myelodysplasia (MDS) in one patient each. A family history of HM was found in 71 relatives involving 56 families of patients with RCC. Of these, 48/71 cases of HM were in first degree relatives and 18/71 were in second degree relatives. The most common HMs were lymphoma and leukemia: 24 NHL, 9 HL, 6 lymphoma not further specified (NOS), 11 CLL, 1 acute myeloid leukemia, 5 acute leukemia NOS and 6 leukemia NOS. Other HM observed once were multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera. In addition, 2 family members had blood cancers that were NOS. Thus, of 77 patients/family members with known HM diagnosis 94% were B-cell malignancies. Clear cell histology was the most common subtype of RCC, and all subtypes of RCC occurred in the study population with expected frequency. RCC and HM occurred in the same patient in this study more frequently at 2. 7% than would be expected from a SEER database. In that database the observed to expected (O/E) ratio of NHL and RCC was 1. 86 to 2. 07% [Kunthur et al. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:271–80]. Conclusions: Increased incidence of B-cell malignancy has been reported in individuals with RCC [Dutcher et al. Proc Am Fed Clin Res, Eastern Division, April 2011]. Wiernik et al. [Cancer J 2000] reported a similar increase was noted between adenocarcinoma of the breast and B cell malignancies in same individual and mouse mammary tumor virus was proposed a potential causative agent. There is a preponderance of B-cell malignancy in both the individuals and in the families of the patients with RCC noted in this study. The etiology of this association between RCC and HM is unclear and suggests a common etiopathogenesis for RCC and B-cell tumors, or a familial immunologic defect that facilitates both malignancies. We plan to further explore the relationship of HM to RCC. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ináncsi, Mátyás, Péter Bányász, Máté Dub, and Péter Kugler. "Empirical Studies of Russian–Ukrainian War Related Fake News (Part 1)." Hadmérnök 18, no. 4 (2023): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2023.4.8.
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The Russian–Ukrainian war, which broke out on February 24, 2022, resulted in several paradigm shifts in cyber warfare. One aspect of these changes is psychological operations. Russia and Ukraine have conducted extensive psychological operation campaigns to fulfil their war objectives, which have since been intense along modified intentions. This series of studies examines the impact of war-related fake news through various empirical research.In the first part of the paper, the authors examine the emergence of psychological operations and related terms in the international academic literature using network analysis methodology. In the second part of the paper, the authors use sentiment and network analysis to investigate the spread of different fake news. In the third study, the authors measure the attitudes toward the perception of the Hungarian Defence Forces from the perspective of the war in the neighbouring country.
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Mato, Anthony, Barry Fuchs, Daniel Heitjan, Erin Olson, Samantha Jacobs, Rosie Mick, David Zheng, et al. "Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) as Predictor of Severe Sepsis (SS) in Hospitalized Patients (pts) with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.633.633.
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Abstract Pts with hematologic malignancies (HM) are at high risk of developing SS and sepsis-related mortality. The diagnosis of sepsis requires suspicion of infection accompanied by at least two signs of systemic inflammation. The SIRS criteria were devised to improve the early bedside detection of sepsis and provide objective inclusion criteria for clinical research. Cut-point values based on consensus opinion are: HR >90, Temp > 100.4 or <96.8, RR>20, and WBC >12k or <4k. SIRS is defined by the presence of ≥2 abnormalities. Although widely used, SIRS criteria have not been studied in pts with HM because factors such as immunosuppression and other disease characteristics result in clinical and laboratory changes which are thought to potentially invalidate the SIRS criteria. Since HM pts have been excluded from pivotal sepsis trials, clinicians must extrapolate data from other populations to make diagnostic and treatment decisions for HM patients with SS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the SIRS criteria as predictors of development of SS in pts with HM. Methods: The association between the SIRS and SS was evaluated in hospitalized adult pts (age 18–83) with HM in a prospective single-center, nested case-control study. The primary outcome was SS, defined as an infection resulting in cardiovascular or respiratory failure. Vital signs were performed every eight hours. Of the 547 pts who consented for the study, 54 developed SS (9.9% CI 7.7–12.7%). Using incidence density sampling, 211 controls were selected by matching on length of stay at time of SS. Evidence-based cut-points were then derived for the individual SIRS variables by examining risk estimates based on variable percentiles. Results: At hospital admission, HR, RR, BP, WBC, ANC, age, diagnosis, and transplant status were similar between the groups. In univariable analysis (24° prior to SS), significance of the four individual SIRS variables were: HR (p=.001), RR (p<.001), Temp (p<.001) and WBC (p=.218). Sensitivity, specificity and LR(+) for SIRS scores (1–4) are reported in the Table. In multivariable logistic regression, HR (OR 2.0, CI 1.0–4.1 p=.047), RR (OR 8.3, CI 2.8–24.4 p<.001) and Temp (OR 3.8, CI 1.8–8.0 p=.001) remained significant (ROC area=0.75). Age, diagnosis and transplant status did not modify these risks. WBC and hypothermia did not contribute to the model. Empirically derived cut-points for HR, Temp and RR were: HR (≥109, OR 5.5 2.64–11.5 p <.001), Temp (≥100.2°F, OR 2.71, CI 1.2–6.2, P<.001), (RR> 20, OR 8.3, CI 2.8–24.4 p<.001), ROC area= 0.79 (24° prior to SS). Conclusions: This study is the first to evaluate and define the test characteristics of the SIRS criteria in hospitalized pts with HM. The rationale for excluding HM patients from SS clinical trials based on diagnostic concerns should be revisited when planning future SS studies. Fever, tachycardia and tachypnea seem most predictive in this population. These results suggest that cut-points for significant SIRS variables can be redefined to improve the specificity of the SIRS score. Additional markers for the early detection of SS may further improve upon SIRS in HM pts. SIRS Score Sensitivity % (95 CI) Specificity LR(+) 1 98 (97–99) 12 (8–18) 1.1 2 76 (71–81) 60 (54–66) 1.9 3 39 (33–45) 91 (88–94) 4.3 4 7 (4–11) 99 (99–100) 15.6
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Gridneva, Zoya, Alethea Rea, Wan Jun Tie, Ching Tat Lai, Sambavi Kugananthan, Leigh C. Ward, Kevin Murray, Peter E. Hartmann, and Donna T. Geddes. "Carbohydrates in Human Milk and Body Composition of Term Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071472.
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Human milk (HM) carbohydrates may affect infant appetite regulation, breastfeeding patterns, and body composition (BC). We investigated relationships between concentrations/calculated daily intakes (CDI) of HM carbohydrates in first year postpartum and maternal/term infant BC, as well as breastfeeding parameters. BC of dyads (n = 20) was determined at 2, 5, 9, and/or 12 months postpartum using ultrasound skinfolds (infants) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (infants/mothers). Breastfeeding frequency, 24-h milk intake and total carbohydrates (TCH) and lactose were measured to calculate HM oligosaccharides (HMO) concentration and CDI of carbohydrates. Statistical analysis used linear regression/mixed effects models; results were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Higher TCH concentrations were associated with greater infant length, weight, fat-free mass (FFM), and FFM index (FFMI), and decreased fat mass (FM), FM index (FMI), %FM and FM/FFM ratio. Higher HMO concentrations were associated with greater infant FFM and FFMI, and decreased FMI, %FM, and FM/FFM ratio. Higher TCH CDI were associated with greater FM, FMI, %FM, and FM/FFM ratio, and decreased infant FFMI. Higher lactose CDI were associated with greater FM, FMI, %FM, and FM/FFM, ratio and decreased FFMI. Concentrations and intakes of HM carbohydrates differentially influence development of infant BC in the first 12 months postpartum, and may potentially influence risk of later obesity via modulation of BC.
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Magas, Bianka. "A megfigyelés és a kínai típusú szociális kreditrendszer társadalmi megítélése." Hadmérnök 16, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2021.3.8.
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A mesterséges intelligencia egyre nagyobb teret nyer magának mindennapjainkban, az általunk használt eszközök, szolgáltatások révén megkerülhetetlen részét képezi életünknek. Számtalan felhasználási területe közül a lakosság állami, vállalati megfigyelését egyre nagyobb érdeklődés övezi. Az állampolgárokról hatalmas mennyiségben gyűjtött adatok mesterséges intelligenciával való feldolgozása, kiértékelése számos ajtót megnyit az azokat birtokló vállalatoknak, államoknak. Kérdés azonban az, hogy vajon a társadalom is akar a megfigyelés társadalmává válni? Kínában már kiépülőben van egy, a lakosokat 24 órás megfigyelés alatt tartó rendszer, amely pontozza, pontjaik szerint pedig jutalmazza vagy bünteti az állampolgárokat. Vajon lehetséges egy szociális kreditrendszer Nyugaton is? Támogatnák-e az emberek a privát szférájuk szűkülését a szolgáltatásukért és biztonságukért cserébe? Írásunk egy kérdőíves felmérés segítségével meghatározza, a technológiaelfogadás- modellt alapul véve, hogy mekkora támogatottságot élvezne a széles körű digitális állami megfigyelés, milyen tényezők befolyásolhatják ennek a megítélését. A kérdőíves felmérés részét képezi a vállalati megfigyeléshez való lakossági viszonyulás is, ahol a dolog támogatottságát, a támogatottságot befolyásolható tényezőket vizsgálja.
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Arciero, C. A., R. R. Salem, J. Lacy, E. R. Sigurdson, J. P. Hoffman, J. C. Watson, N. Joseph, H. S. Cooper, N. J. Meropol, and B. Burtness. "Hepatic metastasectomy following FOLFOX therapy in patients with colorectal metastases." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 13523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.13523.
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13523 Background: Advances in systemic therapy for metastatic colon cancer may render patients (pts) candidates for hepatic metastasectomy (HM) with curative intent. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with HM following oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Methods: Pts were identified from the records of 5 surgeons who performed HM at two institutions. Pts were included if FOLFOX (bolus 5-FU/leucovorin d1 or d 1 + 2, followed by 46 hour 5-FU infusion; oxaliplatin 85–130mg/m2 d 1 q 14 d) chemotherapy had been given for > 1 cycle prior to HM and complete resection of hepatic metastases was achieved. Data on radiographic (RECIST) and pathologic response and outcome were collected. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as no residual cancer. Near pCR was defined as residual mucin in the liver, without residual cancer cells, or necrosis with atypical glands. Results: Thirty-six pts were identified. Males 21/36, median age 55 (range 37–77), rectum/rectosigmoid primary 5 (13.9%), adenocarcinoma 100%, synchronous metastases or metastases within 6 months (m) of primary diagnosis 24/32 (75%), median cycles of FOLFOX = 7 (range 2 to >30), bevacizumab (B) 9 (25%). Mean number of hepatic lesions pre-chemotherapy 1.9 (range 1–7), tumor size 1 to >10cm. Radiographic responses to pre-operative FOLFOX included partial response (PR) 9/30 (30%), CR 2/30 (6.7%), progressive disease 3/30 (10%), stable disease 16/30 (53.5%). Operations included right (R) hepatectomy 12, extended (ext) R hepatectomy 3, partial R hepatectomy 2, left (L) hepatectomy 3, partial L hepatectomy 1, ext L hepatectomy 1, trisegmentectomy 2, caudate lobectomy 1, multiple wedge resections ± radiofrequency ablation 7. pCR 2 (5.6%); near pCR 3 (8.3%). At a median follow up of 12.9 m from HM, 9/36 (25%) recurred; liver only (3), portal lymph nodes (1), other extrahepatic sites (5). One pt died at 18.3 m. Conclusions: HM after FOLFOX chemotherapy, with or without B, results in a high progression-free and overall survival at 12.9 m. This retrospectively identified population included pts with conventionally adverse prognostic features including rectal cancers, synchronous metastases, large lesions and/or high lesion number. Prospective studies of the utility of pre-HM chemotherapy are warranted. [Table: see text]
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Brown, Kenneth H., Fernando Perez, and Arturo S. Gastañaduy. "Clinical Trial of Modified Whole Milk, Lactose‐Hydrolyzed Whole Milk, or Cereal‐Milk Mixtures for the Dietary Management of Acute Childhood Diarrhea." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 12, no. 3 (April 1991): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1991.tb10248.x.
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SummaryA randomized, double‐masked clinical trial was completed to compare the effects of four dietary regimens for the nutritional management of 116 Peruvian children between 3 and 24 months of age with acute diarrhea. Diets consisted of a modified whole milk formula (group M), a lactose‐hydrolyzed milk formula (HM), wheat noodles and whole milk (N‐M), or wheat noodles and lactose‐hydrolyzed whole milk (N‐HM), all offered in amounts up to 55 kcal/kg body weight/day for the first 2 days of treatment and up to 110 kcal/kg/day for 4 days thereafter. The clinical characteristics of the patients in each group were similar initially. Treatment failure rates in the two milk groups combined (M = 14.3%, HM = 20.0%) were greater than in the two noodle‐milk groups combined (N‐M = 3.4%, N‐HM = 3.4%), p = 0.03. The average stool outputs by children in both M groups (range 40–66 g/kg body weight per day on all study days) were consistently greater than those by children in both N‐M groups (range 29–50 g/kg/day). The differences by dietary group were statistically significant on days 3 and 4 (p < 0.04, analysis of variance). The estimated median durations of illness [and 95% confidence limits (CL)] in each milk group (M = 138 h, CL: 88–214; HM = 113 h, CL: 75–170) were significantly greater than in each noodle‐milk group (N‐M = 52 h, CL: 35–76; N‐HM = 67 h, CL: 45–100), p < 0.001–0.071. In this group of patients, noodle‐milk mixtures produced fewer treatment failures, lower fecal outputs, and shorter durations of diarrhea than did milk alone, regardless of the lactose contents of the respective milks or mixed diets. Small differences in intestinal absorption and changes in body weight by dietary group that were identified were of minor clinical importance during the short duration of study. Thus, the noodle‐milk diets employed during this study were safer than the milk diets for the dietary management of children with acute diarrhea.
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Soares, Marcio, Jose R. Rocco, and Nelson Spector. "Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 5288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5288.5288.
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Abstract The outcome of patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) seems to be improving as a consequence of recent advances in oncology and intensive care. However, their mortality remains exceedingly high, and a reappraisal of their outcome predictors might provide useful clinical insights. During 45 months, every consecutive patient with HM admitted to an exclusively oncologic ICU because of a severe illness was studied. Patients with an ICU stay <8h or with acute coronary syndromes were excluded. Bone marrow transplant patients were not studied because they are treated at a separate unit. The following variables were collected at admission and during ICU stay: age, gender, performance status, type and clinical status of HM, neutropenia (neutrophil count<500/mm3), infection at admission, use of invasive or non-invasive ventilation (NIV), the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CI) and individual acute organ failures developing during the ICU stay. Variables selected in the univariate analysis (p<0.25) were entered in a Cox proportional-hazard regression model. In multivariate analysis, results were expressed as hazard-ratios (HR) (confidence interval 95%). Mortality at six months was the end-point of interest. A total of 156 patients with HM were admitted to the ICU. Three patients were lost for follow-up after hospital discharge and 153 patients were studied. Mean age was 51±18 years and 56% were males. SAPS II was 59±19 points and SOFA was 9±4 points. The median CI was 0 (interquartile range: 0–2) and 58 (40%) patients had a comorbid condition. Diagnoses of HM were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (52%), multiple myeloma (14%), acute leukemia (12%), chronic leukemia (12%), Hodgkin’s disease (7%) and other (3%). Thirty-six (24%) patients had leukopenia. The most frequent reason for ICU admission was acute respiratory failure (80%) and 111(73%) patients had sepsis. During ICU stay, 125 (82%) patients received mechanical ventilation (NIV=11), 104 (68%), vasopressors and 24 (16%), dialysis. Decisions to withhold or withdraw treatment were implemented in 40 (26%) patients and all of them died at the ICU. Among all patients, the ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality rates were 53%, 65% and 78%, respectively. Six-month mortality rates were lower for Hodgkin’s disease (62%) and higher for high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (84%). Unfavorable variables selected in the multivariate analysis were: active newly diagnosed HM [HR=1.71(1.03–2.85)], recurrence/progression [HR=2.60(1.58–4.29)], vasopressors need [HR=2.38(1.49–3.79)] and hematologic dysfunction [1.69(1.15–2.48)]. Acute organ failure (cardiovascular and hematologic dysfunctions) and cancer status were the main determinants of six-month mortality. Age, neutropenia and type of HM had no impact in the outcome. The appropriate use of such easily available clinical characteristics may avoid forgoing intensive care for patients with a chance of survival.
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Marzuki, Marzuki, and Ahmad Masrukin. "Motif Orang Tua Santri di Pondok Pesantren HM Lirboyo." Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v30i1.667.
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Tulisan ini bermaksud menjelaskan motif yang mendasari orang tua memilih pondok pesantren sebagai tempat pendidikan anaknya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif fenomenologi dengan subjek penelitian orang tua santri, pengurus pondok pesantren, dan santri. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan alasan yang mendasari memilih pondok pesantren adalah pertama, alasan agama dan ideologis, yaitu orang tua santri berharap anaknya dapat meneruskan kiprah perjuangan mereka di masyarakat dengan mengajarkan Islam Ahlusunah wal Jama’ah. Konsep moderasi Islam selalu diajarkan dalam pesantren, mereka para alumni dapat diterima dengan mudah oleh masyarakat. Kedua, lingkungan keluarga dan masyarakat. Orang tua menyadari tentang kondisi di sekitar mereka dengan berbagai bentuk kenakalan remaja yang berpengaruh pada perilaku anaknya. Mereka tidak dapat mengatasi persoalan itu secara sendiri, alternatif mengatasi persolan itu orang tua memilih anaknya untuk belajar di pondok pesantren. Ketiga, pendidikan dalam pondok pesantren. Selain belajar formal, di pondok pesantren ada kegiatan pembelajaran lain, aturan dan pengawasan. Setiap hari di pondok pesantren diisi dengan berbagai kegiatan, dalam bentuk madrasah, jam’iyyah, musyawarah, mengaji, muratil dan lainnya. Kegiatan yang ketat dibarengi dengan aturan yang ketat. Berbagai aturan dibuat untuk mengatur santri pada setiap harinya. Dalam waktu 24 jam santri melakukan berbagai aktivitas. Terakhir ada pengawasan dari pengurus, santri mendapatkan pengawasan, setiap pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh santri akan mendapatkan teguran, peringatan bahkan takzir dari pengurus.
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Biava, Janaina S., Marcos V. C. Ferraz, Evandro M. Ferreira, Daniel M. Polizel, Gabriela B. Oliveira, Guilherme D. Nogueira, and Alexandre Vaz Pires. "PSXII-16 High and medium ADG on LH profile in early-weaned heifers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.838.
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Abstract This study evaluated the effects of ADG on number of pulses, amplitude and concentration of LH in pre-pubertal early-weaned heifers. Twenty ½Angus x ½Nellore were weaned (86±3 d of age and 91±1 kg BW), and allocated in 2×2 factorial design. Heifers were submitted to high (H) and medium (M) ADG in two periods. The first period occurred from 3 to 7 mo and the second from 7 mo to puberty (HH, HM, MH and MM). Diets in the first (CP 19%, NDF 24% and TDN 79%) and second periods (CP 14%, NDF 24% and TDN 78 %) were the same for all treatments, but the amount was controlled to get the ADG. Weekly, heifers were weighed and puberty status assessed by US. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min for 12h at 6.5, 9.5 and 11.5 mo of age. The data were evaluated using SAS. The ADG was higher in H than M group in the first period (0.99±0.06 kg vs. 0.51±0.04 kg). In the second period, the ADG was 0.81±0.03 (HH), 0.5±0.03 (HM), 1.0±0.04 (MH) and 0.68±0.03 (MM). At 6.5 mo of age, heifers in H had an increase in LH pulses (2.1±0.5) compared with M (0.7±0.5) (period x age interaction P = 0.04). There was no effect of treatments on LH pulses in other ages, and in amplitude of LH pulse. The LH concentration was higher in HH than HM, MH and MM at 9.5 mo (1.72 vs. 1.07, 1.46 and 1.25±0.2 ng/mL) and 11.5 mo of age (2.01 vs. 1.65, 1.48 and 1.53±0.2 ng/mL), respectively. Despite differences in LH patterns, HH heifers reached puberty at a similar age to HM and MH (12±0.2 mo), however MM heifers (14.4±0.4 mo) reached puberty later (P = 0.09). Increasing ADG on juvenile period increased LH pulses but did not induce precocious puberty.
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Lutfi, Asep Muhammad. "Pengaruh Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return On Asset (ROA), dan Earning Per Share (EPS) Terhadap Harga Saham." Jurnal SEKURITAS (Saham, Ekonomi, Keuangan dan Investasi) 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/skt.v7i1.34325.
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Tujuan dari Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengaruh net profit margin, return on asset dan earning per share terhadap harga saham Pada PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk. baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Dengan metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan yang terdapat pada PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk, sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan laporan keuangan PT HM Sampoerna Tbk berupa laporan laba rugi dan neraca selama Tahun 2012-2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linear berganda. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi software SPSS 24. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial net profit margin tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, return on asset tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. earning per share tidak berpengaruh signifikan, secara simultan net profit margin, return on asset dan earning per share tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham This study aims to determine the effect of net profit margin, return on assets and earning per share on share prices at PT HM Sampoerna Tbk either partially or simultaneously. Using descriptive method with quantitative approach. Source of data used in this research is secondary data. The population of this study is the financial statements contained in PT HM Sampoerna Tbk. Sample in this study uses the financial statements of PT HM Sampoerna Tbk in the form of income statements and balance sheets for the 2012-2021 period. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. Data analysis used the SPSS 24 software application. The results indicated that partially net profit margin had no significant effect share price. partially return on assets has no significant effect on price share and partially earning per share has no significant effect on price share. Simultaneously net profit margin, return on asset and earning per share have no significant effect on price share