Relevant bibliographies by topics / HLA region

Academic literature on the topic 'HLA region'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HLA region"

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Sachs, J. A., D. Jaraquemada, and H. Festenstein. "Intra HLA-D Region Recombinant Maps HLA-DR between HLA-B and HLA-D." Tissue Antigens 17, no. 1 (December 11, 2008): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1981.tb00665.x.

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Lin, Ling, Marcel Hungs, and Emmanuel Mignot. "Narcolepsy and the HLA region." Journal of Neuroimmunology 117, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00333-2.

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Mason, P. M., and P. Parham. "HLA class I region sequences, 1998." Tissue Antigens 51, no. 4 (September 30, 2008): 417–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02983.x.

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Marsh, S. G. E. "HLA class II region sequences, 1998." Tissue Antigens 51, no. 4 (September 30, 2008): 467–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1998.tb02984.x.

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Leder, Richard O., and Susan E. Hodge. "Psoriasis Linkage in the HLA Region." American Journal of Human Genetics 64, no. 3 (March 1999): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/302290.

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GERAGHTY, DANIEL E., MARTA JANER, and THIERRY GUILLAUDEUX. "NEW GENES IN THE HLA REGION." Vox Sanguinis 70, S3 (January 1996): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1423-0410.1996.tb01379.x.

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Bach, Fritz H. "The HLA class II genes and products: the HLA-D region." Immunology Today 6, no. 3 (March 1985): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(85)90023-4.

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Pei, Ji, S. Yoon Choo, Thomas Spies, Jack L. Strominger, and John A. Hansen. "Association of four HLA class III region genomic markers with HLA haplotypes." Tissue Antigens 37, no. 5 (May 1991): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.1991.tb01871.x.

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Momigliano Richiardi, Patricia, Sandra D’Alfonso, and Nazario Cappello. "Association of microsatellites in the HLA central region and HLA extended haplotypes." Human Immunology 47, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-8859(96)84705-7.

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Fiorentino, Francesco, Semra Kahraman, Hüseyin Karadayi, Anil Biricik, Semra Sertyel, Güvenc Karlikaya, Yaman Saglam, Daniele Podini, Andrea Nuccitelli, and Marina Baldi. "Short tandem repeats haplotyping of the HLA region in preimplantation HLA matching." European Journal of Human Genetics 13, no. 8 (May 11, 2005): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201435.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HLA region"

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Sargent, Carole A. "Molecular mapping of the HLA Class III region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b208c37f-e2d2-4ad1-a90f-524bff86c17a.

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(a) The class III region of the human MHC is approximately 1.1 Mbp in size. Almost 50% has been cloned in two overlapping cosmid clusters by chromosome walking from the complement/ 210H gene cluster and from the TNF a locus. The complement/ 210H cosmid cluster consists of 45 independent recombinants, spaning 390 kb. The TNFα and TNF β cosmid cluster consists of 16 independent recombinants, spanning 150 kb. Each genomic insert has been characterised by restriction enzyme digestion and Southern blot analysis to produce a detailed restriction map of the cloned region. (b) Single copy DNA sequences isolated from the cosmid clones have been hybridised to Southern blots of genomic DNA digests separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). This analysis has established the orientation and precise position of the complement/ 210H gene cluster within the class III region relative to the class I and class II genes. Furthermore, probes from the TNF cosmid cluster have been used to show that the TNF genes lie ~250 kb centromeric to the HLA-B locus. The gene order from the centromere is HLA-DR-210HB-C2-TNF α-TNF β-HLA-B, with HLA-OR separated from 210HB by 300-350 kb, and C2 separated from HLA-B by 650 kb. (c) Genomic probes have been used in conjunction with PFGE to define the positions of RTF islands within the cloned portion of the class III region. Single copy sequences associated with these islands have been hybridised to Southern blots of DNA from a variety of animal species to look for cross-hybridisation indicative of phylogenetic conservation of coding sequences. These probes have been used to screen Northern blots and define island related transcripts. The products of 15 genes have been mapped within the cloned region. Of these, two have been identified as duplicated members of the HSP 70 family. The remaining loci appear to be single copy sequences. One (Gll) has been cloned and characterised.
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Coriton, Olivier. "Analyse structurale de la region centromerique au locus hla-a." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10013.

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La region du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite de classe i qui s'etend sur 2 megabases se caracterise par une forte densite en genes, pseudogenes et fragments de genes ainsi qu'une organisation structurale complexe. Afin de determiner la structure complete de cette region et d'identifier l'ensemble des genes, une strategie de sequencage systematique a permis d'obtenir une sequence de 356 kb s'etendant du pseudogene hla-j au gene hla-f. Ce travail decrit l'analyse bioinformatique, puis experimentale de 120 kb de sequence de quatre cosmides, en particulier 69 kb centromerique a hla-j. Vingt et un arnm differents ont ete identifies, et sont principalement exprimes dans le tissu testiculaire. Ainsi, cinq unites de transcription ont ete caracterisees : hzfw, hzfc, hcgv, htex6 et htex4 soit environ un gene tous les 14 kb. Ce groupement de genes est localise dans une region correspondant a une unite de syntenie entre les cmh de l'homme et de la souris. Nous avons observe un epissage alternatif pour tous les genes, un chevauchement des arnm sens-antisens pour les genes hzfw/hzfc, un chevauchement des extremites 3 pour les genes hzfw/hcgv et un chevauchement des extremites 5 pour les genes htex6/htex4. Ces structures genomiques complexes suggerent un mecanisme de coregulation de l'expression des genes par cis-interaction.
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GIFFON, THIERRY. "Etude d'un nouveau gene de la region hla de classe i." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10047.

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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une strategie de clonage positionnel ayant pour but l'identification du gene responsable de l'hemochromatose. L'hemochromatose est la maladie hereditaire a transmission autosomique recessive la plus frequente dans les populations d'origine caucasoide. Elle se caracterise par une surcharge en fer progressive de l'organisme, generatrice de graves lesions tissulaires. L'anomalie biochimique responsable de cette accumulation de fer est encore inconnue. Le gene de la maladie a ete localise des 1975 sur le bras court du chromosome 6 en 6p21. 3, dans la region des genes hla de classe i. Des etudes de desequilibre de liaison entre le gene et des marqueurs rflp ont permis de definir une region candidate d'environ 400 kb centree sur le locus hla-a. Le laboratoire a donc entrepris une strategie de recherche systematique de genes dans cette region, aboutissant a l'isolement de sept adnc dont les genes correspondants ont ete appeles hcg (pour hemochromatosis candidate gene) i a vii. Notre travail a porte sur l'etude de l'un de ces sept genes, le gene hcg v, localise a 150 kb centromerique a hla-a. Afin de determiner son organisation genomique, nous avons reconstitue et sequence un adnc complet ainsi que le fragment d'adn genomique correspondant, isole de la banque de cosmides specifique du chromosome 6 rldb (reference library database). L'alignement des sequences montre une organisation en trois exons et deux introns, codant pour une proteine potentielle de 126 acides amines. L'hybridation sur northern-blot a revele une expression ubiquiste de ce gene, sous la forme d'un transcrit de 1,8 kb, dans tous les tissus aussi bien adultes que foetaux. Il s'est avere que le gene hcg v etait l'homologue humain du gene tctex-5, precedemment localise dans le complexe h-2 de la souris. Ce gene murin presente une expression preferentiellement testiculaire et pourrait donc etre implique dans la spermatogenese. Le gene hcg v etant localise dans la region susceptible de contenir le gene de l'hemochromatose, nous l'avons considere comme candidat potentiel et nous avons recherche chez les malades une deletion puis des mutations par les techniques de dgge (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) et sscp (single strand conformation polymorphism). Nous n'avons caracterise aucune anomalie structurale de ce gene et selon toute probabilite le gene hcg v n'est pas responsable de l'hemochromatose
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CARN, GWENAELLE. "Analyse d'une famille multigenique de la region hla de classe i." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10084.

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Ce travail s'est inscrit au depart dans le cadre d'une strategie de clonage positionnel visant a identifier le gene dont l'anomalie est responsable de l'hemochromatose. L'hemochromatose est la maladie hereditaire a transmission autosomique recessive la plus frequente dans les populations d'origine caucasoide. Elle se caracterise par une surcharge progressive en fer de l'organisme, generatrice de graves lesions tissulaires. L'anomalie biochimique a l'origine de l'accumulation du fer reste inconnue. Le gene de l'hemochromatose a ete, dans un premier temps, localise sur le bras court du chromosome 6, en 6p21. 3, a moins d'un centimorgan du gene hla-a. Par la suite, des etudes de desequilibre de liaison entre le gene et des marqueurs de type rflp, ont amene a localiser le gene dans une region de 400 kilobases centree sur le locus hla-a. Sur la base de ces resultats, le laboratoire avait entrepris d'identifier de nouveaux genes dans cette region, par une technique de selection d'adnc. Sept nouveaux genes appeles hcg (pour hemochromatosis candidate gene) et numerotes de i a vii, ont ete isoles. Notre travail a porte sur l'etude de l'un des transcrits isoles, correspondant au gene hcg iv qui s'est revele appartenir a une famille multigenique. Au cours de nos tentatives pour reconstituer un adnc complet, quatre familles de transcrits ont ete identifiees. La localisation physique des differents loci de cette famille n'a pu etre definitivement etablie que grace a l'etablissement d'un ensemble de cosmides chevauchants issus d'une banque specifique du chromosome 6. Dix sequences genomiques ont ainsi ete identifiees et localisees a proximite des genes et pseudogenes hla de classe i de la region hla-a. Afin de determiner la structure complete de la region hla-j/hla-f et identifier l'ensemble des genes, une strategie de sequencage systematique a ete developpee. Nous avons sequence un cosmide de 42 kb contenant les sequences hcg iv. 3 et hcg iv. 4 ainsi que la sequence hcg iv. 5 a laquelle correspond l'une des familles de transcrits. Les structures genomiques des autres sequences hcg iv ont ete determinees par le sequencage d'autres cosmides. Il s'est avere que l'ensemble de ces sequences hcg iv presentait une organisation en genes chevauchants avec des sequences hla de classe i de la region hla-a
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Auger, Isabelle. "Isolement et caracterisation de ligands specifiques de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 (hla-dr4 dw4). Implications pour l'association polyarthrite rhumatoide et hla-dr4." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22032.

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La sequence qkraa de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 porte la susceptibilite a developper une polyarthrite rhumatoide. Le role de la sequence qkraa n'est pas encore connu. Il implique sans doute une interaction avec un ou plusieurs ligands. Nous avons recherche si la sequence qkraa de la troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 interagit avec des proteines susceptibles de jouer un role dans la polyarthrite rhumatoide. Nous avons montre que : 1- le peptide de troisieme region hypervariable de hla-drb1#*0401 contenant qkraa fixe specifiquement la proteine de choc thermique bacterienne, dnak. Le motif qkraa suffit a fixer dnak. 2- le motif qkraa est implique dans l'interaction de dnak avec la proteine de choc thermique, dnaj, qui porte aussi la sequence qkraa. 3- dans les lignees lymphoblastoides humaines, hla-drb1#*0401 interagit specifiquement avec la proteine de choc thermique constitutive hsp73. Hsp73 transporte directement hla-drb1#*0401 du reticulum endoplasmique vers les lysosomes.
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ALIZADEH-KASHANI, MEHDI. "Caracterisation et etude de l'expression des nouveaux genes de la region hla." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10022.

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Une banque genomique a ete construite a partir de laquelle 91 clones contenant des genes hla de classe i ont ete purifies. A partir de ces genes, nous avons prepare des sondes specifiques qui nous ont permis d'etudier le polymorphisme de ces gens ainsi que leur expression dans des cibles variees. En ce qui concerne le polymorphisme, differents loci ont ete etudies: locus e, f, h et 8. A l'exception du locus hla-e, tous les systemes etudies se sont reveles polymorphes: pour hla-f, un fragment polymorphe en desequilibre de liaison avec hla-11 est decrit, pour hla-h deux alleles sont determines en desequilibre de liaison avec hla-a, pour hla-8 un systeme bi-allelique est determinee avec un desequilibre de liaison avec hla-a. L'etude de l'expression de hla-e et f a ete effectuee a partir de differentes cibles: des lignees tumorales, en particulier des cancers epidermoides, des cellules leucemiques en rechute et en remission, des lymphocytes t au repos et a differents stades d'activation, des lymphocytes b et des lignees ebv. L'analyse des resultats observes permet de suggerer des mecanismes de regulation differents pour hla-e et hlaf
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ANDRIEUX, NANCY. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la partie telomerique de la region hla." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10082.

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Ce travail decrit l'analyse structurale et transcriptionnelle de deux sous-region du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite de classe i. Dans la premiere region, telomerique a hla-f, candidate pour le gene de l'hemochromatose, nous avons recherche des marqueurs polymorphes a partir d'une cartographie physique de yac. Un marqueur d'heterozygotie observee de 0. 88 a ete identifie. A partir d'une cartographie physique de pac, nous avons identifie, par capture d'exons 3 terminaux, 44 transcrits differents sur 1200 kb pouvant correspondre a autant de genes differents. La region hla-a, caracterisee par une forte densite en genes et pseudogenes, a ete sequencee sur 356 kb. L'annotation bioinformatique a permis l'identification d'exons et de motifs caracteristiques de la structure des genes par les logiciels xgrail et genefinder, des sequences repetees par censor, prerequis necessaire a l'interrogation des banques de donnees nucleotidiques et proteiques par le logiciel blast. Ce travail decrit l'annotation de la sequence telomerique de 78 kb qui contient, outre les unites de redondance hla, des sequences appartenant aux familles multigeniques mic ou hcg ix. Des sondes correspondant aux exons predits et est ont permis l'identification de 24 transcrits differents par hybridation sur northern blot et la selection des banques d'adnc. L'analyse transcriptionnelle a ete initiee grace a : - des criblages, experimentaux et in silico de banques d'adnc ; - des experiences de rt-pcr a partir de 4 tissus differents. Nous avons confirme experimentalement l'existence de deux exons dits orphelins, d'une structure exon/intron associee a un epissage alternatif chevauchant un locus de la famille multigenique mic, quatre transcrits sans introns, un chevauchement sens-antisens, et deux sites de polyadenylation alternative. Cinq unites transcriptionnelles, temoignant d'une activite transcriptionnelle intense, ont ete definies : elles correspondent aux regions 3 utr de genes potentiels.
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BOURIC, PASCALE. "Etude d'une nouvelle famille multigenique de la region hla de la classe i." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10136.

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Ce travail s'est inscrit a l'origine dans le cadre d'une strategie de clonage positionnel ayant pour but l'identification du gene responsable de l'hemochromatose. L'hemochromatose est la maladie hereditaire a transmission autosomique recessive la plus frequente dans les populations d'origine caucasoide. Elle se caracterise par une surcharge en fer progressive de l'organisme, generatrice de graves lesions tissulaires. L'anomalie biochimique responsable de cette accumulation en fer est encore inconnue. Le gene de l'hemochromatose a ete, dans un premier temps, localise sur le bras court du chromosome 6, en 6p21. 3, a moins d'un centimorgan du gene hla-a. Puis des etudes de desequilibre de liaison entre le gene et des marqueurs de type rflp ont permis de definir une region candidate d'environ 400 kb centree sur le locus hla-a. Le laboratoire a donc entrepris une strategie de recherche systematique de genes dans cette region, aboutissant a l'isolement de sept adnc de muqueuse duodenale humaine dont les genes correspondant ont ete appeles hcg (pour hemochromatosis candidate gene). Notre travail a porte sur l'analyse successive de trois des transcrits isoles : les clones -18, -29 et 6 correspondant respectivement aux sequences genomiques hcgiii, hcgvi et hcgii. Le clone 18 s'est avere correspondre dans son integralite a une sequence repetee de type line. Le clone 29 a ete publie par une autre equipe sous le nom de znf173 (chu et al. , 1995), avant que son analyse soit achevee. Le clone 6, correspondant au gene hcgii, s'est revele appartenir a une famille multigenique dont les trois membres (hcgii. 1, 2 et 3) ont ete localises a proximite immediate des genes tronques hla-80, hla-16 et hla-90. Par la suite, un autre transcrit 6a1a ete isole. Parallelement, au laboratoire, une strategie de sequencage systematique de la region hla-j/hla-f ayant ete entreprise, il nous a ete possible de poursuivre l'analyse comparative des deux transcrits attribues aux genes hcgii, avec les sequences genomiques provenant de cosmides de la region. A l'issue de cette etude, il apparait que les membres de cette famille multigenique correspondent vraisemblablement a des pseudogenes, ayant suivi le schema evolutif des genes hla-a tronques.
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Cazaubiel, Marie. "Hla de classe ii et diabete gestationnel : resultats d'une etude realisee dans la region nord-pas-de-calais." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M170.

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Costa, Cintia Bezerra Almeida. "Polimorfismo do HLA-G na coinfecção HIV/HCV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-21052014-181750/.

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O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi associar os polimorfismos do gene HLA-G (região 3\' NT) com a coinfecção HIV/HCV e com os grupos (HIV, HCV e controles saudáveis). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, comparativo, descritivo. Participaram do estudo, 560 indivíduos, sendo 156 controles saudáveis, 102 coinfetados HIV/HCV, 186 infectados pelo HIV e 116 por HCV. Para a identificação dos polimorfismos, o DNA genômico foi extraído do sangue total e a genotipagem feita por PCR e visualizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 7%, no qual o polimorfismo de 14pb foi identificado, e por sequenciamento os outros sete SNPs. Os resultados sociodemográficos apontam que a amostra na sua grande maioria foi composta por indivíduos adultos e do sexo masculino. No que diz respeito à cor da pele, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se um maior número de coinfectados apresentando a cor preta e parda do que nos monoinfectados (P=0,0001). Com relação à categoria de exposição para aquisição do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, observou-se diferença significante na transmissão por via heterossexual, sendo sua frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0000). No caso da comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se também diferença na transmissão heterossexual, sendo sua frequência significantemente maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). Quanto aos achados relacionados ao genótipo do HCV, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o genótipo 1a apresentou frequência maior nos coinfectados (P=0,0001). No que diz respeito à carga viral do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da monoinfecção apresentou maior carga viral do que o grupo da coinfecção (P=0,0350). Com relação ao grau de fibrose hepática, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da coinfecção tem mais fibrose leve do que o grupo da monoinfecção (P=0,0009). Quanto aos polimorfismos genéticos da região 3\' NT do HLA-G, foi encontrado que o genótipo de heterozigose Del/Ins de 14 pb apresentou diferença significante nos indivíduos coinfectados pelo HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) quando comparados com o grupo controle. Em relação ao SNP +3003, a comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável mostrou que alelo +3003T apresentou uma frequência significantemente maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0147); o genótipo +3003C/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0095); o genótipo +3003T/T estava maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0095). A comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV mostrou que a frequência do alelo +3003C estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0463); e o genótipo +3003T/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0494). A frequência do genótipo +3187A/A estava maior no grupo HIV/HCV em comparação ao HIV (P=0,0193); e do +3187A/G estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0187). O genótipo +3196C/G apresentou frequência significamente maior no grupo HIV do que no controle saudável (P=0,0213). A UTR-10, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e controle, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0044); quando comparados os grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, frequência foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0300) e na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV, sua frequência também foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0140). A UTR-4, na comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável, revelou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0147). A UTR-9, na comparação dos grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Em relação aos dados clínicos, a presença do alelo T na posição +3035 foi significantemente associada à maior carga viral do HCV, acima de 400.000 cópias/mL (P=0,0244). Em relação aos tipos de genótipos do HCV, a presença do alelo +3027C foi associada ao subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0109). Adicionalmente, a presença do genótipo C/C na posição +3027 também foi significantemente associada com o subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0015). Ainda, o alelo A do SNP +3187 foi significantemente associado com os outros genótipos do HCV, excluindo o 1a (P=0,0369). Embora não esteja totalmente esclarecida a função do gene HLA-G, estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhor elucidar sua função nos contextos fisiológicos, como gestação, e patológicos, como tumores, transplantes, doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. Tais estudos procuram ampliar o conhecimento sobre o sistema imunológico e contribuem para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os polimorfismos da região 3\' NT do gene HLA-G, na coinfecção HIV/HCV. Como também, na melhoria da assistência de enfermagem que deve buscar reduzir a morbimortalidade pela referida patologia. Porém, ainda há um longo percurso a ser percorrido na compreensão dos fatores imunogenéticos envolvidos na coinfecção pelo HIV/HCV
The general objective of the research was to associate the polymorphism of the gene HLA-G (region 3\' NT) with the co-infection HIV/HCV and with the groups (HIV, HCV and healthy control). It is a cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive study. 560 individuals participated of the study, being 156 healthy control individuals, 102 co- infected HIV/HCV, 186 infected by HIV and 116 by HCV. For identifying the polymorphisms, the genomic DNA was extracted from the total blood and the genotyping was made by PCR and visualized in gel of polyacrylamide at 7%, in which the polymorphism of 14pb was identified, and by sequencing the other seven SNPs. The social demographic results point that the most of the sample was composed by male adult individuals. Regarding the color of the skin, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, a bigger number of co-infected with black skin and brown-skinned was observed than in the mono infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the category of exposition for acquisition of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, a significant difference was observed in the transmission through heterosexual exposition, being its frequency bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0000). In the case of the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the difference in the heterosexual transmission was also observed, being its frequency significantly higher in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). About the finding related to the genotype of the HCV, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the genotype 1a presented higher frequency in the co- infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the viral load of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, the group of the mono infection presented bigger viral load that the group of the co-infection (P=0,0350). Regarding to the level of hepatic fibrosis, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the group of co-infection has a lighter fibrosis that the group of the mono infection (P=0,0009). Regarding to the genetic polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the HLA-G, it was found that the genotype of heterozygosis Del/Ins of 14 pb, presented significant difference in the individuals co-infected by the HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) when compared with the control group. About the SNP +3003, the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, it was showed that the allele +3003T presented a significant higher frequency in the group HCV (P=0,0147); the genotype +3003C/T presented a higher frequency in the control group (P=0,0095); the genotype +3003T/T was bigger in the group HCV (P=0,0095). The comparison between the groups HIV and HCV showed that the frequency of the allele +3003C was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0463); and the genotype +3003T/T presented a bigger frequency in the group (P=0,0494). The frequency of the genotype +3187A/A was bigger in the group HIV/HCV in comparison to the HIV (P=0,0193); and of the +3187A/G was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0187). The genotype +3196C/G presented frequency significantly bigger in the group HIV than in the healthy control (P=0,0213). The UTR-10, in comparison between the groups HIV and control, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV (P=0,0044); when compared the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, frequency was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0300) and in the comparison between the groups HIV and HCV, its frequency was also bigger in the group (P=0,0140). The UTR-4, in the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, revealed a bigger frequency in the control group (P=0,0147). The UTR-9, in comparison of the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Regarding to the clinical data, the presence of the allele T in the position +3035, was significantly associated to bigger viral load of the HCV, above 400.000 copies /mL (P=0,0244). About the types of genotypes of the HCV, the presence of the allele +3027C was associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0109). Additionally, the presence of the genotype C/C in the position +3027 was also significantly associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0015). Still, the allele A of the SNP +3187 was significantly associated with the other genotypes of the HCV, excluding the 1a (P=0,0369). Although the function of the gene HLA-G, is not totally clarified, studies have been developed for better elucidate its function in the physiological contexts, like gestation, and pathological, such as tumours, transplants, infectious and inflammatory diseases. These studies aim to extend the knowledge about the immunological system and contribute for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The results of this study contribute for enhancement of the knowledge about the polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the gene HLA-G, in the co-infection HIV/HCV. As well as, in the improvement of the assistance of nursing that must seek reducing the morbid mortality by the pathology referred. However, there is still a long path to be followed in the comprehension of the immunogenic factors involved in the co-infection by the HIV/HCV
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Books on the topic "HLA region"

1

Savage, David Anthony. Application of DNA techniques to the study of the HLA class II region with reference to renal transplantation and autoimmune disease. [S.l: The Author], 1992.

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Inbar, Moshe. Hula Valley and Korazim region: Bibliography of geological research. Jerusalem, Israel: Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure, Geological Survey of Israel, 1989.

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Cheju, ŏttŏn mirae rŭl sŏnt'aek hal kŏt in'ga: Cheju palchŏn ŭl wihan tamnon. Cheju T'ŭkpyŏl Chach'ido Cheju-si: Cheju Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, 2013.

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Kim Ch'ŏr-ung ŭi Cheju palchŏn yŏndong chŏllyak: Algo innŭn kŏt kwa hal su innŭn kŏt ŭl yŏn'gye hara. Sŏul-si: KSS, 2014.

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Lazzeretti, Luciana, ed. I sistemi museali in Toscana. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-112-0.

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Il volume presenta i risultati di una ricerca promossa da una convenzione tra il Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali dell'Università di Firenze e la Regione Toscana con l'obiettivo di definire il quadro dei sistemi museali. Dato che non esiste ancora un concetto teorico di sistema museale la ricerca ha inquadrato l'effettiva situazione della regione studiando "i sistemi museali toscani in atto".
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Qingquan, Wei, and Chen Zongxing 1943-, eds. Qu yu fen xi yu gui hua. Beijing Shi: Gao deng jiao yu chu ban she, 1999.

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Camacho Sanabria, Carmen Amalia, Irma Lucía Bórquez, and Itziar Muniozguren Colindres. Perspectivas y retos de la educación Lasaliana para el siglo XXI. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/978-958-5400-89-4.

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Si bien la formación lasallista actual se fundamenta en la tradición de las Escuelas Cristianas impulsadas por San Juan Bautista de La Salle, son múltiples los modelos y los territorios en los que esta se desarrolla (993 escuelas repartidas en 77 países en los cinco continentes). De ahí la necesidad de explorar qué hay de común, qué de diferente, dónde se encuentra la impronta lasallista, cómo esta se ha resignificado, desaparecido o, por el contrario, revitalizado con la historia y los sueños de los hombres y mujeres que se nutren de su tradición y la hacen vida en sus obras. Para ello, se configuró una estrategia de trabajo en red que permitiera la articulación entre los diferentes actores involucrados (RELAN [América del Norte: Estados Unidos], RELAF [región africana Malgache: Guinea Ecuatorial], PARC [Asia Pacífico: Filipinas], RELEM [Europa-Mediterráneo: España] y RELAL [América Latina: México y Colombia]). A partir de lo encontrado, en el presente libro se recogen las conclusiones y retos de la pedagogía lasaliana en el siglo XXI en las regiones RELEM y RELAL
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Qu yu gui hua gai lun. Beijing Shi: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she jiao cai chu ban zhong xin, 2006.

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Winchester, Robert, Darren D. O’Rielly, and Proton Rahman. Genetics of psoriatic arthritis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0006.

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The psoriatic phenotype is clinically heterogeneous with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) itself being heterogeneous. Studies have consistently demonstrated that PsA has a strong genetic component and disease pathogenesis encompasses a complex interplay between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. In this chapter, we will review the genetics of PsA including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and non-MHC loci. We will detail how susceptibility genes can be grouped into barrier integrity, innate immune response, and adaptive immune response (particularly Th-17 lymphocyte signalling). We will articulate how these studies strongly support PsA as genetically different from PsV and that the genetic heterogeneity is likely attributed to different HLA susceptibility alleles within the MHC region that an individual carries. Furthermore, we will highlight new emerging technologies, in particular, next-generation sequencing, which may lead to new genetic discoveries in PsA.
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Hinks, Anne, and Wendy Thomson. Genetics of juvenile rheumatic diseases. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0043_update_002.

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Juvenile rheumatic diseases are heterogeneous, complex genetic diseases; to date only juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been extensively studied in terms of identifying genetic risk factors. The MHC region is a well-established risk factor but in the last few years candidate gene and large-scale genome-wide association studies have been utilized in the search for non-HLA risk factors. There are now 17 JIA susceptibility loci which reach the genome-wide significance threshold for association and a further 7 regions with evidence for association in more than one study. In addition, some subtype-specific associations are emerging. These risk loci now need to be investigated further using fine-mapping strategies and then appropriate functional studies to show how the variant alters the gene function. This knowledge will not only lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis for juvenile rheumatic diseases but may also aid in the classification of these heterogeneous diseases. It may identify new pathways for potential therapeutic targets and help in the prediction of disease outcome and response to treatment.
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Book chapters on the topic "HLA region"

1

Hyldig-Nielsen, Jens Jorgen, and Arne Svejgaard. "Workshop Report for the HLA-DP Region." In Immunobiology of HLA, 867–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3552-1_254.

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Pontarotti, Pierre, Giovanna Chimini, Catherine Nguyen, Joëlle Boretto, and Bertrand R. Jordan. "Organization of the HLA Class I Region." In Immunobiology of HLA, 79–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39946-0_9.

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Niven, M. J., C. Caffrey, J. A. Sachs, P. G. Cassell, R. Gallagher, P. Kumar, H. Festenstein, and G. A. Hitman. "HLA-DP Region Is Relevant to Celiac Disease Susceptibility." In Immunobiology of HLA, 449–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39946-0_186.

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Park, Min Sik, Toshinao Takenouchi, Paul I. Terasaki, Richard Tonai, and Aida Barbetti. "HLA-DP Region Complexity by CDC, RFLP, and Cellular Assays." In Immunobiology of HLA, 311–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39946-0_116.

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Moutsianas, Loukas, and Javier Gutierrez-Achury. "Genetic Association in the HLA Region." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 111–34. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7868-7_8.

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Trowsdale, John. "Polymorphism in the HLA-D Region." In Regulation of Immune Gene Expression, 51–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5014-2_5.

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White, Perrin C. "Molecular Genetics of the Class III Region of the HLA Complex." In Immunobiology of HLA, 62–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39946-0_6.

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Peterson, P. A., and L. Rask. "Genes and Antigens of the HLA-D Region." In HLA Class II Antigens, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70367-6_1.

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Crapper, Richard M., Peter K. Gregersen, Sicy H. Lee, Antonio Nunez-Roldan, Parvin Merryman, and Robert J. Winchester. "A Novel DR5 B1 (DRw11) Chain with a Distinctive Third Diversity Region." In Immunobiology of HLA, 212–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-39946-0_63.

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Satta, Yoko, and Naoyuki Takahata. "Polymorphism in the HLA class I region." In Major Histocompatibility Complex, 178–85. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-65868-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "HLA region"

1

Yang, Wen-jun, and Ke Zhang. "Design of spatial combat situation deducing system based on HLA." In TENCON 2013 - 2013 IEEE Region 10 Conference. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tencon.2013.6718815.

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Green, Harry, Ben Hamilton, Gareth Walker, James Goodhand, Nicholas Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, and Michael Weedon. "OTU-022 Gwas of microscopic colitis in the UK biobank confirms association within the HLA region." In British Society of Gastroenterology, Annual General Meeting, 4–7 June 2018, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-bsgabstracts.362.

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Raj, Prithvi, Chaoying Liang, Carlos Arana, Nicolai van Oers, Quan-Zhen Li, Edward K. Wakeland, and David R. Karp. "907 ANA associated regulatory polymorphisms in HLA class III region downregulate complement 4 (C4) gene expression." In LUPUS 21ST CENTURY 2022 CONFERENCE, Abstracts of Sixth Scientific Meeting of North American and European Lupus Community, Tucson, AZ, USA – September 20–23, 2022. Lupus Foundation of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2022-lupus21century.58.

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Ferreiro-Iglesias, Aida, Corina Lesseur, James McKay, Rayjean J. Hung, Christopher I. Amos, and Paul Brennan. "Abstract 1314: Trans-ethnic HLA fine-mapping of the MHC region identified several independent variants influencing susceptibility to lung cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1314.

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Kumar, Anoop, Inderjit Singh Yadav, Rupinder Sekhon, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Identification of T- and B-cell epitopes in HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from cervical cancer patients." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685256.

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Introduction: In India, cervical cancer is the most common cancer among females. Persistence infection with high risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) is an etiological agent for cervical cancer development, especially HPV-16 is found to be exclusively high in cervical cancer cases in Indian population. The continuous expression and transforming ability of HPV E7 helps in progression of cervical cancer and other HPV related disease, which make E7 as a suitable targets for the development of therapeutic vaccines. Objectives: Identification of T-& B-cell epitopes HPV-16 E7 gene isolated from in cervical cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 cervical cancer tissue biopsies were collected and processed for DNA extraction, HPV diagnosis and genotyping. E7 gene of HPV-16 positive samples were amplified and sequenced. Epitopes in E7 gene sequence were predicted by online freely available tools. Results: In the present study we got 72 samples (90%) were positive for HPV and out of which 68 samples (94.4%) were positive for the HPV-16. HPV-16 positive samples were sequenced and translated. IEDB server was used for epitope analysis; 12 potent epitopes for the MHC-I alleles were identified in isolated E7 gene of HPV-16. The most potent epitopes were MHGDTPTLHEYM for HLA-C*07:01; LLMGTLGIVCPI for HLA-A*02:01 and MHGDTPTLHEYML for HLA-C*07:01; having percentile rank 0.2 for all three and antigencity score of 0.20011, 0.15358 and 0.10735, respectively. Conclusion: This is an effective strategy to design immuno-therapeutics and therapeutic vaccine against HPV using E7 as target. These findings will be helpful in the development of effective vaccine for particular geographical region.
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Akers, Nicholas K., John D. Curry, Martyn T. Smith, Lucia Conde, Paige M. Bracci, and Christine F. Skibola. "Abstract 930: A simple and inexpensive approach to allelotyping the HLA region in a case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-930.

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Santos, André Luiz Dos. "EXAMES IMUNOGENÉTICOS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPATIBILIDADE RECEPTOR-DOADOR EM TRANSPLANTES EM SUMA." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2335.

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Introdução: Transplantes são processos onde a compatibilidade Receptor-Doador é fundamental para evitar-se a perda do paciente ou do órgão, que poderia ser melhor transplantado. Para isso, realizam-se múltiplos testes, principalmente clínicos e laboratoriais, avaliando ambos pacientes, buscando sucesso dos transplantes. Objetivo: Reconhecer a importância dos exames imunogenéticos para compatibilidade Receptor-Doador. Material e Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva em documentos científicos em português, no limite de dez anos, no Google Acadêmico e Scielo, destacando os termos: transplantes, imunogenética, rejeição, compatibilidade, combinados entre si, pareando-os. Resultados foram obtidos de um total de sete artigos. Resultados: As avaliações devem considerar a ausência de: (a) contraindicações absolutas - Sorológicas HIV, HTLV I e II, Hepatites B e C; Infecções virais; HIV; Meningoencefalite herpética; Linfoma-leucemia de Células T; Doença por Príons; Neoplasia maligna ativa; Lúpus; Artrite Reumatoide; Esclerodermia e Uso de Drogas. (b) contraindicações relativas - malignidade extra-hepática; SIDA doença e hipertensão pulmonar. (c) contraindicações clinicas - Tumores ativos, infecções não resolvidas (exceto para HIV, HCV, HBV, mas devem ser controlados); rejeição do paciente e expectativa de vida baixa; pacientes desnutridos; pessoas com transtornos mentais ou instabilidade emocional; pessoas que abusam de álcool, tabaco ou outras drogas; (d) contraindicações laboratoriais - Pacientes com doenças e infecções hepáticas e cardiovasculares não controladas. A identidade HLA consiste em vários genes agrupados numa mesma região do cromossomo 6. Sabe-se que mais de 11.000 alelos foram identificados, portanto, é raro que duas pessoas tenham o mesmo conjunto de genes. Porém, mesmo com o uso de imunossupressores para auxiliar o sistema imunológico a se adaptar ao ataque desse corpo estranho, pode ocorrer rejeição do órgão. Os principais exames que inferem contra-indicações são: (a) Tipagem HLA de receptores de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas; (b) Tipagem HLA de doadores de células-tronco hematopoiéticas relevantes; (c) Tipagem HLA de doadores voluntários de células-tronco hematopoiéticas - Fase 1. Busca-se indicadores a presença, no soro do receptor, de anticorpos contra antígenos HLA do doador e identificação de genes HLA classe I e II. Conclusão: Entre as formas de avaliação de contra-indicações para recepção de tecidos, a avaliação laboratorial imunogenética é a mais importante, pois é nela que se saberá a compatibilidade Receptor-Doador.
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Siba, Erick A., M. Ganesa-Pillai, Kendall T. Harris, and A. Haji-Sheikh. "Turbulent Heat Transfer in Single Phase Jet Impingement Flow Over a Flat Circular Disk." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0596.

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Abstract The flow and heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent submerged air jet impinging on a horizontal flat surface is studied. The primary aerodynamics that influence the heat transfer are shown to be the turbulent fluctuations of the free stream velocity. Two regions with distinct flow characteristics are observed, the impingement or stagnation region, and the wall-jet region. Heat transfer relations are derived for each region, based on the assumption that the sum of the laminar and turbulent component of heat flux approximates the total wall heat flux. The laminar component, hlam, of the heat transfer coefficient agrees well with published data. The turbulent component, htur, in the stagnation and wall-jet region are shown to vary linearly with the root mean square value of the fluctuating component of velocity, u’. Unlike the stagnation region, htur in the wall-jet region shows dependence on the Nozzle Reynolds Number, ReD.
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Adày, R., A. Szegedi, Z. Nemes, and L. Muszbek. "EXTRAVASAL FIBRIN STABILIZATION BY FACTOR XIII IN LYMPH NODES WITH HODGKIN’S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643667.

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The formation of extravasal fibrin deposits in various tumors has been recognized a long time ago and it has been implicated in various aspects of tumor growth. However, no adequate information is available on the nature of intratumoral fibrin. In this study we attempted to find out if fibrin deposit in human lymph nodes with Hodgkin’s disease is stabilized and made resistant to fibrinolysis by factor XIII /FXIII/ of blood coagulation. The two main tasks for FXIII in fibrin stabilization is to attach a^antiplas-min the main phyiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis to fibrin strands and crosslink fibrin chains. By double immunofluorescent labeling for fibrin and α2-antiplasmin a complete colocalization of the two antigens could be observed. A part of fibrin strands also stained for α2-antiplasmin-plasmin-complex-neoantigen revealing that α2-antiplasmin covalently linked to fibrin inhibited intratumoral fibrinolysis. The finding that immunolabeling for fibrin was preserved following the treatment of sections by concentrated urea solution clearly demonstrates that fibrin chains became crosslinked by FXIII. These results were further supported by SDS PAGE analysis of intratumoral fibrin deposits. There are two theoretical possibilities for the appearance of FXIII in the interstitial space: 1/ plasmatic FXIII can get acrossthe vessel wall when increased permeability is induced 2/ FXIII can be produced and released by certain cells of the tumorous tissue. We explored the secondpossibility by various immunomorphological and enzymcytochemical techniques. Alarge number of FXIII positive cells were detected by immunoperoxidase technique in the follicular and interfollicular region of malignant, but not in normal lymph nodes. These relatively large, multipolar, mononuclear cells possesseda macrophage-like appearance and showedANAE-positivity,i.e.,they belong to thegroup of tumor associated macrophages. FXIII containing cells were labeled by monoclonal anti-Leu M3 (a monocyte/macrophage marker), but not by anti-HLA-DR.They were often found in the immediate vicinity of malignant Hodgkin’s cells and also showed an intimate relationshipwith extravasal fibrin formation.lt is suggested that FXIII secreted byintactor released from damaged macrophages might be involved in the stabilization offibrin in the tumor stroma or around tumor cells.
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Liao, Ying, Wang-hua Pan, Xue-rong Yang, Xiang-jun Feng, and Yuan-lan Wen. "Simulation of the Passive Regional Satellite Navigation System Based on HLA." In Tenth International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (uksim 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2008.129.

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Reports on the topic "HLA region"

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Boehm, Ted W., and Jim Handy. Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Implementation Plan Project. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317130.

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The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Central Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Acceptance Lab was opened on March 29, 2018 at the Office of Materials Management (OMM) facility in Indianapolis. The state-of-the-art lab conducts acceptance testing on HMA samples from INDOT’s Crawfordsville and Greenfield districts, as well as testing of appeals samples from the other four INDOT districts. Each HMA sample undergoes multiple sequences acceptance testing processes. In 2019, project SPR-4353 “Central HMA Acceptance Lab Process Improvement Project” was conducted with the goal to improve organization, flow of work and efficiency in the central region HMA Acceptance Lab for all tests done, and provide implementation leading to the reduction of turnaround time from six days to four days. This project follows key recommended actions from SPR-4353 to implementation.
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Moffa, Nicholas, and Pablo Zoido. Nota CIMA #2: ¿Cómo ha evolucionado el desarrollo infantil temprano en la región? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001054.

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Perry, Frank Vinton, Erika Swanson, Damien Michael Milazzo, Gilles Yves A. Bussod, and Richard E. Kelley. Regional Geologic Evaluations for Disposal of HLW and SNF: Alluvial Basins of the Basin and Range Province. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1479910.

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Perry, Frank Vinton, and Richard E. Kelley. Regional Geologic Evaluations for Disposal of HLW and SNF: The Pierre Shale of the Northern Great Plains. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1392836.

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Orozco-Gallo, Antonio José, Pavel Vidal-Alejandro, Johana Sanabria-Domínguez, Jaime Andrés Collazos-Rodríguez, and Margaret Guerrero. Indicador coincidente de actividad económica en la recesión pandémica: el caso del Caribe colombiano. Banco de la República, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.298.

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Disponer de información temprana sobre la evolución de la actividad económica regional se ha convertido en una prioridad, especialmente como herramienta para evaluar choques a la economía como el ocurrido con la pandemia del Covid-19. En este estudio se construyó un indicador coincidente mensual de actividad económica (IMAE) para la región Caribe, enmarcado en un modelo factorial dinámico y estimado por medio del filtro de Kalman, para el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2020. El indicador está compuesto por trece variables representativas de las principales actividades económicas de la región. Los resultados muestran que los movimientos experimentados por el indicador en 2020 se comportaron acorde con las medidas de aislamiento aplicadas y con las tasas de incidencia de contagios. Según cifras preliminares, en 2020 la economía del Caribe cayó en un 6,8%, equivalente al resultado nacional. En particular, el desempeño regional se vio afectado al cierre del año por la parálisis en la actividad minera y las nuevas medidas restrictivas.
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Båtevik, Finn Ove, Brita Gjerstad, Gro Marit Grimsrud, Øystein Lund Johannessen, Grete Netteland, Svein Ingve Nødland, Lin Prøitz, Geir Skeie, and Gunn Vedøy. Arbeidsinnvandrere som ressurs i regional utvikling. University of Stavanger, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.213.

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I mange sammenhenger omtales arbeidsinnvandrere som midlertidig arbeidskraft. For Vestlandet er de mye mer. De er og vil i fremtiden fortsatt kunne være en viktig ressurs for næringer og lokalsamfunn. Men dette forutsetter strategier og engasjement fra berørte lokale og regionale aktører, foruten selvsagt også vilje til deltakelse fra arbeidsinnvandrerne selv. Disse temaene har vært de sentrale i forskningsprosjektet “Arbeidsinnvandring til Vestlandet. Arbeidsinnvandring som ressurs i regional utvikling” som har vært gjennomført i de fire vestlandsfylkene Møre og Romsdal, Sogn og Fjordane, Hordaland og Rogaland i perioden 2013-2016. Prosjektet har hatt som hovedmål å utvikle kunnskap om arbeidsinnvandringens rolle og betydning i regionen. Vi har særlig lagt vekt på i hvilken grad og hvordan kommunene på Vestlandet, i eget arbeid og i samarbeid med andre aktører, har håndtert arbeidsinnvandringen slik at det ressurspotensialet som denne gruppen representerer for arbeidslivet og samfunnslivet har blitt ivaretatt på best mulig måte. Prosjektet har bestått av tre delprosjekt som hver for seg belyser ulike sider ved kommuners og fylkeskommuners måte å arbeide på i møte med arbeidsinnvandringen til landsdelen. Første delprosjekt har lagt vekt på å fremskaffe ny kunnskap om hvem arbeidsinnvandrerne til Vestlandet er, hvor de bosetter seg og hvilke næringer de arbeider innenfor samt hvilke effekter arbeidsinnvandringen kan sies å ha, særlig når det gjelder demografisk utvikling og næringsliv. Delprosjekt to har omhandlet møtet mellom arbeidsinnvandrerne og det kommunale tjenesteapparatet, kommunenes politikk og organisering av tjenestetilbudet overfor arbeidsinnvandrerne som gruppe samt hvordan tjenestetilbudet overfor denne gruppen fungerer. Delprosjekt tre har belyst kommunenes og fylkeskommunenes tilrettelegging av informasjon for arbeidsinnvandrere og hvorvidt denne målgruppen opplever denne informasjonen som relevant og tilfredsstillende. Resultatene fra de tre delprosjektene blir grundig redegjort for i hver sin del av den foreliggende rapporten, henholdsvis i kapittel 2, 3 og 4. Avslutningsvis, i kapittel 5, forsøker vi i kortform å trekke frem hovedpoenger og motivasjon for at kommuner og fylkeskommuner på Vestlandet skal jobbe videre med de utfordringer som har kommet frem i vår forskning. I dette innledende kapitlet gis en samlet oversikt over forskningsprosjektet. Bakgrunn, problemstillinger og opplegg blir gjort nærmere rede for i avsnittene 1.1 – 1.3. Hva vi har funnet gjennom våre undersøkelser fremgår så av avsnittene 1.4 – 1.9. I avsnitt 1.10 trekkes frem noen utfordringer som vil være viktig å gripe fatt i for å realisere det potensial som arbeidsinnvandrere representerer for landsdelen.
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Kreussler, Claudia, Adriana Viteri, Rodolfo Scannone, and Horacio Álvarez Marinelli. Los planes de reapertura escolar en la región. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002885.

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Los países se encuentran en fases distintas con respecto a la decisión de cómo y cuándo se deben reabrir las escuelas debido a las diferencias en la curva de contagio de Covid-19. Las estrategias de reapertura y continuación de clases virtuales de emergencia en la región también varían dependiendo del calendario escolar de cada país. Algunos siguen el llamado calendario norte (que empieza entre enero y marzo y termina de octubre a diciembre); otros el calendario sur (inicia en agosto o septiembre y termina en junio o julio del siguiente año), o en el caso de Ecuador una mezcla de los dos. No obstante, ambos calendarios escolares fueron suspendidos en la mayoría de los países de la región aproximadamente a mediados de marzo, cuando los distintos gobiernos establecieron medidas de restricciones de la movilidad y el distanciamiento físico. La interrupción de las clases ha afectado de manera distinta a los sistemas educativos dependiendo del tipo de calendario. A continuación, se muestra un resumen sobre cómo está abordando cada país de la región la reapertura y continuación de sus clases.
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Abuelafia, Emmanuel, Leandro Gaston Andrian, Javier Beverinotti, Liliana Castilleja Vargas, Lina M. Diaz, Priscilla Gutiérrez Juárez, Osmel Manzano, and Kenji Moreno. Nuevos horizontes de transformación productiva en la Región Andina. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004691.

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Las economías desarrolladas y emergentes, así como el contexto internacional dentro del cual interactúan, han enfrentado eventos que vienen transformando estructuralmente sus procesos de producción. El cambio climático, la digitalización y la pandemia del COVID-19 están generando grandes cambios en el mundo. La estructura productiva de los países andinos está siendo afectada por estas tendencias. Dada esta coyuntura, urge tomar decisiones sobre políticas para afrontar esta situación pues, de no hacerlo, habría serias consecuencias sobre el ingreso de los países andinos. Existen muchos sectores que han sido afectados y también beneficiados por la pandemia. Resulta fundamental atender los desafíos del sector agrícola, especialmente aquellos relacionados con su baja productividad. Cabe señalar que, a pesar del entorno, este sector ha crecido. El reposicionamiento de las cadenas globales de valor destaca las oportunidades no aprovechadas por la región andina. Además, el sector servicios, principal empleador de las economías andinas, fue impactado fuertemente por la pandemia. Por otro lado, el sector extractivo ya presentaba retos importantes, aun antes de este proceso de transformación. Esto ocurre en un contexto donde, pese a su crecimiento, la digitalización sigue teniendo grandes rezagos. Más aún, la región se ha caracterizado por presentar retos de desigualdad, que representan un desafío adicional de una transición que va a tener impactos sociales considerables. Este contexto abre oportunidades para la región, pero exige un importante esfuerzo de coordinación de políticas públicas. La región tiene la tarea de diversificarse. Esta publicación presenta recomendaciones al respecto. Al revisar los sectores antes mencionados, resulta fundamental atender los desafíos del sector agrícola, en particular los relacionados con su baja productividad. Existen oportunidades para integrarse a las cadenas globales de valor, pero los países andinos deberán hacer un mejor uso de los tratados comerciales existentes, buscando reducir costos para el comercio. Cabe mencionar que la región tiene espacio para aprovechar las transformaciones que están ocurriendo en el sector servicios. Finalmente, pese a existir desafíos importantes para el sector de industrias extractivas, también se presentan oportunidades para aprovechar este sector como palanca para la transformación productiva. Para lograrlo, es necesario promover la digitalización empresarial y facilitar a las empresas la decisión de qué tecnologías digitales implementar y cómo hacerlo. Cualquier estrategia de transformación productiva debe generar oportunidades para la población. Por tanto, es necesario considerar que el fomentar sectores de la economía más diversos e inclusivos no solo es más equitativo y justo, también es más rentable.
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Arias Ortiz, Elena, Gregory Elacqua, Ángela López Sánchez, Jorge Téllez Fuentes, Rafael Peralta Castro, Magali Ojeda, Yudi Blanco Morales, Francesc Pedró, Daniele Vieira do Nascimento, and Jaime Félix Roser Chinchilla. Educación superior y COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe: financiamiento para los estudiantes. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003380.

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La irrupción del COVID 19 ha impactado la educación superior en América Latina. La crisis económica desatada por la pandemia tiene el potencial de afectar la matrícula universitaria en la región. De no contar con herramientas complementarias de subsidio y financiamiento, muchos estudiantes no podrán acceder o desertarán de la educación superior. Esta nota técnica recoge y analiza las medidas que los principales actores del financiamiento de la educación superior -Gobiernos, Instituciones de Crédito Educativo (ICE) e Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES)- tomaron para apoyar a los estudiantes durante el 2020, y explora diferentes alternativas y políticas para ayudar a los países a re-imaginar los sistemas de financiamiento. Para esto, se realizó una encuesta regional a Gobiernos, ICE e IES en 11 países de la región: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, México, Perú, República Dominicana y Uruguay. En la región fueron desplegadas diversas estrategias financieras y no financieras de ayuda a los estudiantes. Sin embargo, condiciones estructurales de los sistemas de educación superior, como altas tasas de matrícula privada con amplias restricciones de los gobiernos para el apoyo directo a las universidades privadas, y alta dependencia de las universidades públicas a las transferencias de los gobiernos y al pago de matrículas en las privadas en un contexto económico desfavorable, limitan las acciones e imponen riesgos a la sostenibilidad de muchas iniciativas y estrategias emprendidas. Son necesarios en la región más y mejores instrumentos de financiamiento para la educación superior, que incentiven la matricula, sean financieramente sostenibles y propendan por aumentar la calidad de los programas.
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Pulido López, Alejandra, and Amira Abultaif Kadamani. Hambre y malnutrición se agudizan en América Latina y el Caribe. Universidad del Rosario, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/dvcn_10336.36853_num6.

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Cuatro de cada diez latinoamericanos no tienen una alimentación regular y nutritiva. Aunque existen políticas intergubernamentales en la región para combatir el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria, su implementación ha sido muy lenta y se ha quedado muy corta ante esta angustiante emergencia.
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